171 lines
18 KiB
XML
171 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="44E56AC72F20FDA8059504871FC579DC" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8347a890-caad-4a81-8a02-8ec476083ffb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272101" ID-ZooBank="08E63512-49DB-495C-83FC-CDF206A516CF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1470983924873" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gordon, Cat A., Hood, Ali R. & Ellis, Jim R." docDate="2016" docId="03C2E354FFC8FFCDFF49FB1EFD8F5C89" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4150.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4150 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dipturus intermedia Parnell 1837" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="262" masterDocId="FFFB9B2CFFCEFFCAFFDEFFB5FFF25D59" masterDocTitle="Descriptions and revised key to the eggcases of the skates (Rajiformes: Rajidae) and catsharks (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) of the British Isles" masterLastPageNumber="280" masterPageNumber="255" pageNumber="261" updateTime="1698381824525" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9715A48C275F3D7A4991C9AC9D11D712">Descriptions and revised key to the eggcases of the skates (Rajiformes: Rajidae) and catsharks (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) of the British Isles</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="08AED4C7175A97F3BB4443EA3DF0EB6A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B0EECB9F96DE7278A379FECAB5493410">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7708D9A5DAEE2068B90AB8F6A92376F5">Gordon, Cat A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3915E3F0F4A07822A3095E7D26EFF476" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E7599469A0B97D5A412708317458E90A">Hood, Ali R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="2A6434D28C1FBE6F7D22FF88D0A17A1F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6EF5E78F139E878CBBEA6628C0E6D95B">Ellis, Jim R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5D97468C5A9E6C0EE0AF6B54A336CC50">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="97113D29E291427EC57F1ECF384B8923">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="63141FF8D6C918B2500905805614F163">
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<mods:date id="497FE17EF36289943A07EAB79355221B">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9D9EF092C8AD1A39DC5A225899F2692C">4150</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="20237250DC2D88D9FB79B8B309065E6C">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B1BE925F7C1D1526838D1DD50B2CA89B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="89A35492D7E2004F512C4B9CA18E1BC0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C2E354FFC8FFCDFF49FB1EFD8F5C89" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631358" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124329266" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631358" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFC8FFCDFF49FB1EFD8F5C89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C2E354FFC8FFCDFF49FB1EFD8F5C89" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="262" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFC8FFCCFF49FB1EFD82599C" box="[151,624,1195,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFC8FFCCFF49FB1EFD82599C" blockId="6.[151,624,1195,1221]" box="[151,624,1195,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
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<heading id="D09CE52EFFC8FFCCFF49FB1EFD82599C" bold="true" box="[151,624,1195,1221]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFC8FFCCFF49FB1EFD82599C" ID-CoL="6WRLM" authority="Parnell, 1837" authorityName="Parnell" authorityYear="1837" box="[151,624,1195,1221]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedia">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC8FFCCFF49FB1EFD82599C" bold="true" box="[151,624,1195,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC8FFCCFF49FB1EFEF1599C" bold="true" box="[151,259,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Dipturus</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC8FFCCFEF1FB1EFE43599C" bold="true" box="[303,433,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">intermedia</emphasis>
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(Parnell, 1837)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFC8FFCCFF49FB44FB6C58E7" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFC8FFCCFF49FB44FB6C58E7" blockId="6.[151,1437,1265,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC8FFCCFF49FB44FEC25853" bold="true" box="[151,304,1265,1290]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Flapper skate (
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFC8FFCCFE36FB47FD5D5853" box="[488,687,1265,1290]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedia">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC8FFCCFE36FB47FDF15850" box="[488,515,1266,1289]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">D.</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC8FFCCFDEBFB47FD5D5853" box="[565,687,1266,1290]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">intermedia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC8FFCCFD71FB47FD455853" box="[687,695,1266,1290]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">)</emphasis>
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is Europe’s largest rajiform and thought to have been formerly widespread across much of the Northeast Atlantic, although it has now been extirpated from much of its geographic range (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFC8FFCCFF3AFA8FFE2A580B" author="Rogers" box="[228,472,1337,1362]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" refString="Rogers, S. I. & Ellis, J. R. (2000) Changes in the demersal fish assemblages of British coastal waters during the 20 th century. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57, 866 - 881. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / jmsc. 2000.0574" type="journal article" year="2000">Rogers & Ellis, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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). Populations still occur off northwest
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFC8FFCCFC54FA8CFC1E580B" box="[906,1004,1337,1362]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Scotland</collectingCountry>
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and the northern North Sea, including the
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<collectingRegion id="49AF9CA0FFC8FFCCFF1AFAE8FEEA582F" box="[196,280,1373,1398]" country="United Kingdom" name="Orkney Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFC8FFCCFF1AFAE8FEEA582F" box="[196,280,1373,1398]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Orkney</collectingCountry>
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</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion id="49AF9CA0FFC8FFCCFE89FAE8FE4B582F" box="[343,441,1373,1398]" country="United Kingdom" name="Shetland Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFC8FFCCFE89FAE8FE4B582F" box="[343,441,1373,1398]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Shetland</collectingCountry>
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</collectingRegion>
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Isles, with smaller numbers also found at least as far south as the Celtic Sea. Most eggcases submitted to the Great Eggcase Hunt were collected from around
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<collectingRegion id="49AF9CA0FFC8FFCCFC30FA34FBB058C3" box="[1006,1090,1409,1434]" country="United Kingdom" name="Orkney Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFC8FFCCFC30FA34FBB058C3" box="[1006,1090,1409,1434]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Orkney</collectingCountry>
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</collectingRegion>
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(particularly from west facing beaches) and the west coast of
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFC8FFCCFE2CFA10FDA558E7" box="[498,599,1445,1470]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Scotland</collectingCountry>
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, with some confirmed reports from western
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFC8FFCCFB99FA10FB6858E7" box="[1095,1178,1445,1470]" name="Ireland" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Ireland</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFC8FFCCFF19FA7CFB095B17" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFC8FFCCFF19FA7CFB095B17" blockId="6.[151,1437,1265,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC8FFCCFF19FA7CFE4158BB" bold="true" box="[199,435,1481,1506]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Thirty-three specimens were examined in total; the majority of which were strandline specimens collected from
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<collectingRegion id="49AF9CA0FFC8FFCCFE64FA58FDFC5B5F" box="[442,526,1517,1542]" country="United Kingdom" name="Orkney Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFC8FFCCFE64FA58FDFC5B5F" box="[442,526,1517,1542]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Orkney</collectingCountry>
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</collectingRegion>
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and submitted to the Great Eggcase Hunt (n = 29). Four museum specimens were also examined, one from southwest
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFC8FFCCFDE3F9A4FD7E5B73" box="[573,652,1553,1578]" name="Ireland" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Ireland</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED7ACA87FFC8FFCCFD41F9A7FD075B73" box="[671,757,1554,1578]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">BMNH</collectionCode>
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1928.9.18.26) and three of unknown provenance (
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<collectionCode id="ED7ACA87FFC8FFCCFA98F9A7FA6E5B73" box="[1350,1436,1554,1578]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">BMNH</collectionCode>
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1932.7.27.1–3). All museum specimens were originally misidentified as belonging to
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFC8FFCCFB87F982FB015B17" box="[1113,1267,1590,1614]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxyrinchus">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC8FFCCFB87F982FB015B17" box="[1113,1267,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">R. oxyrinchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFC8FFCDFF19F9ECFCA15DA1" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="262" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFC8FFCDFF19F9ECFCA15DA1" blockId="6.[151,1437,1265,2010]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="262" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC8FFCCFF19F9ECFEAB5B2B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1625,1650]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Description.</emphasis>
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One of the largest eggcases in the Northeast Atlantic, with a total eggcase length of 235.2 ±
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<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFC8FFCCFAB5F9EFFF315BCF" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.18" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="41.8">41.8 mm</quantity>
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(range 140.0–280.0 mm), eggcase length of 201.4 ±
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<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFC8FFCCFCC1F9CBFC765BCF" box="[799,900,1662,1686]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="27.4">27.4 mm</quantity>
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(range 130.0–235.0 mm) and eggcase width of 121.3 ±
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<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFC8FFCCFF29F914FEAC5BE0" box="[247,350,1697,1722]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="10.5">10.5 mm</quantity>
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(range 100.0–144.0 mm). Although only four historical specimens were examined, these were generally within the size range recorded in contemporary samples. The dorsal side of the eggcase is convex, while the ventral side often curves upwards giving the eggcase a bowed appearance (
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<figureCitation id="13504EC7FFC8FFCCFBC6F95CFB895A5B" box="[1048,1147,1769,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1546,1568]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Eggcases of (a) Dipturus batis and (b) Dipturus cf. intermedia." pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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b). The capsule surface is covered with a dense fibrous layer, creating a bark-like appearance (as with
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFC8FFCCFBE3F8BAFB6F5A7F" box="[1085,1181,1806,1830]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batis">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC8FFCCFBE3F8BAFB6F5A7F" box="[1085,1181,1806,1830]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">D. batis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13504EC7FFC8FFCCFB6CF8B8FAE55A7F" box="[1202,1303,1805,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1061,1083]" captionTargetBox="[328,1256,306,1035]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[325,1262,301,1040]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Eggcase capsule surface structures for (a) Amblyraja radiata (b) Dipturus batis (c) Raja clavata (d) Rostroraja alba (taken with USB Digital Microscope)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272104/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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b), and the longitudinal fibrous strips can often peel away quite easily from the capsule edges. The outer layer is pale brown in colour, but beneath these fibres the capsule itself is much darker with faint longitudinal striations. Strong lateral keels (average width of
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<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFC8FFCCFE70F8CCFDD15AC8" box="[430,547,1913,1938]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.064" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="20.64">20.64 mm</quantity>
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for both keels) run the length of the eggcase, encompassing the anterior and posterior horns. The anterior apron is broad and well-developed, also encompassing much of the anterior horns, although the upper end is often ragged (even in unhatched eggcases) and can be damaged easily. The posterior apron is slightly shallower than the anterior, but is still broad, often crenulated and extends the length of the posterior horns. The horns are often difficult to determine in dry, strandline specimens, however when hydrated the anterior horns are visibly longer than the stout posterior horns.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFC9FFCDFF19FEB1FD8F5C89" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFC9FFCDFF19FEB1FD8F5C89" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC9FFCDFF19FEB1FEC95C44" bold="true" box="[199,315,260,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This is one of the largest eggcases found around the British Isles, rivalled only by that of white skate
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFC9FFCDFF49FE9DFDE65C19" authority="Lacepede, 1803" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[151,532,295,320]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Rostroraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alba">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC9FFCDFF49FE9DFEB55C19" box="[151,327,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">Rostroraja alba</emphasis>
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(Lacepede, 1803)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Strandline specimens often have large areas where the pale close-felt fibres have worn away to reveal the darker capsule beneath, this leaves the surface appearing patchy.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFC9FFCDFB0EFEF8FA6E5C3C" author="Boeseman" box="[1232,1436,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" refString="Boeseman, M. (1967) Some remarks on Raja nidarosiensis Storm, including the first record of an egg-capsule from British waters. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Series C, 70, 454 - 465." type="journal article" year="1967">Boeseman (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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described an eggcase collected in the Firth of Clyde, which was attributed originally to
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFC9FFCDFBB5FEC4FAD35CD1" box="[1131,1313,368,392]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nidarosiensis">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC9FFCDFBB5FEC4FAD35CD1" box="[1131,1313,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">D. nidarosiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, the size (eggcase length =
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<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFC9FFCDFE19FE21FDDA5CF5" box="[455,552,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.51" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" unit="mm" value="251.0">251 mm</quantity>
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; eggcase width =
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<date id="FFD57482FFC9FFCDFD29FE21FCCF5CF4" box="[759,829,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" value="1998-05-09">
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9
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFC9FFCDFCDBFE21FCCF5CF4" box="[773,829,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="9.8" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" unit="mm" value="51.5" valueMax="98.0" valueMin="5.0">5–98</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
mm), location and description of this eggcase agrees more closely with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFC9FFCDFE68FE0CFD8B5C89" box="[438,633,439,464]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC9FFCDFE68FE0CFE235C89" box="[438,465,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">D.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC9FFCDFE22FE0DFD8B5C89" box="[508,633,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC9FFCDFDA7FE0DFD8F5C89" box="[633,637,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |