144 lines
16 KiB
XML
144 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="EEDEB74055DF4208750BA016F94DE27F" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8347a890-caad-4a81-8a02-8ec476083ffb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272101" ID-ZooBank="08E63512-49DB-495C-83FC-CDF206A516CF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1470983924873" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gordon, Cat A., Hood, Ali R. & Ellis, Jim R." docDate="2016" docId="03C2E354FFC3FFC4FF49FE4AFD475F95" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4150.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4150 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Raja microocellata Montagu 1818" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="269" masterDocId="FFFB9B2CFFCEFFCAFFDEFFB5FFF25D59" masterDocTitle="Descriptions and revised key to the eggcases of the skates (Rajiformes: Rajidae) and catsharks (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) of the British Isles" masterLastPageNumber="280" masterPageNumber="255" pageNumber="268" updateTime="1698381824525" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A7B7397E31E9F2FF4CC9B5A68FD9D9A4">Descriptions and revised key to the eggcases of the skates (Rajiformes: Rajidae) and catsharks (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) of the British Isles</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E8C90A99803C11C66C59E5D84B73572A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4F87662295CA588746C7229940B9D7BC">Gordon, Cat A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="DF62020D61F8554F551FD9DEC855BF7B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D0ABEE5CA41DCED88613717C03BA9892">Hood, Ali R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0AD23111A303F7D71BC105761BBFA87B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="75DACDEE6E51656B8DE9D95CC1482070">Ellis, Jim R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="36CFEC4E0F76CD10B4E6554210A51FFA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D053F41CC703B26997BF52C3DF3327A6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7396F841D40A64CC8722266462C8808B">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6698C4E43050C435339EBA07899D622D">4150</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C2E354FFC3FFC4FF49FE4AFD475F95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631368" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124329269" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631368" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFC3FFC4FF49FE4AFD475F95" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C2E354FFC3FFC4FF49FE4AFD475F95" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="269" pageId="13" pageNumber="268">
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFC3FFC7FF49FE4AFDCC5F43" box="[151,574,511,538]" pageId="13" pageNumber="268" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFC3FFC7FF49FE4AFDCC5F43" blockId="13.[151,574,511,538]" box="[151,574,511,538]" pageId="13" pageNumber="268">
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<heading id="D09CE52EFFC3FFC7FF49FE4AFDCC5F43" bold="true" box="[151,574,511,538]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="268" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFC3FFC7FF49FE4AFDCC5F43" ID-CoL="78RLX" authority="Montagu, 1818" authorityName="Montagu" authorityYear="1818" box="[151,574,511,538]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="268" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microocellata">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC3FFC7FF49FE4AFDCC5F43" bold="true" box="[151,574,511,538]" pageId="13" pageNumber="268">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC3FFC7FF49FE4AFE895F40" bold="true" box="[151,379,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="268">Raja microocellata</emphasis>
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Montagu, 1818
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFC3FFC7FF49FDF3FB0C5F92" pageId="13" pageNumber="268" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFC3FFC7FF49FDF3FB0C5F92" blockId="13.[151,1436,582,823]" pageId="13" pageNumber="268">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC3FFC7FF49FDF3FEC25F06" bold="true" box="[151,304,582,607]" pageId="13" pageNumber="268">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Small-eyed ray (
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFC3FFC7FE2FFDF2FD595F07" box="[497,683,582,606]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="268" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microocellata">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC3FFC7FE2FFDF2FD595F07" box="[497,683,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="268">R. microocellata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) is found in coastal waters from the British Isles south to
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFC3FFC7FAEEFDF2FA6A5F07" box="[1328,1432,583,606]" name="Morocco" pageId="13" pageNumber="268">Morocco</collectingCountry>
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, and is locally abundant in certain areas, such as the
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<collectingRegion id="49AF9CA0FFC3FFC7FD09FDDFFCD15FDA" box="[727,803,618,643]" country="United Kingdom" name="City of Bristol" pageId="13" pageNumber="268">Bristol</collectingRegion>
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Channel (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFC3FFC7FC4BFDDFFB4D5FDA" author="Stehmann" box="[917,1215,618,643]" pageId="13" pageNumber="268" refString="Stehmann, M. F. W. & Burkel D. L. (1984). Rajidae. In: Whitehead P. J. P., Bauchot, M. - L., Hureaun, J. - C., Nielsen, J. & Tortonese, E. (Eds) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Vol. I. pp. 163 - 196. UNESCO, Paris, 163 - 196." type="book chapter" year="1984">Stehmann & Bürkel, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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). Juveniles occur in shallow water, while adults occur further offshore, usually in water no deeper than
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFC3FFC7FB18FD3BFA625FFE" author="Ellis" box="[1222,1424,654,679]" pageId="13" pageNumber="268" refString="Ellis, J. R., Cruz-Martinez, A., Rackham, B. D. & Rogers, S. I. (2005) The distribution of chondrichthyan fishes around the British Isles and implications for conservation. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science, 35, 195 - 213. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2960 / J. v 35. m 485" type="journal article" year="2005">
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Ellis
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC3FFC7FAD8FD3AFAB05FFF" box="[1286,1346,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="268">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Eggcases reported to the Great Eggcase Hunt were usually from the southwestern coasts of
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFC3FFC7FB47FD07FB085F92" box="[1177,1274,690,715]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="13" pageNumber="268">England</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFC3FFC7FF19FD63FEB15E6E" pageId="13" pageNumber="268" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFC3FFC7FF19FD63FEB15E6E" blockId="13.[151,1436,582,823]" pageId="13" pageNumber="268">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC3FFC7FF19FD63FE445FB6" bold="true" box="[199,438,726,751]" pageId="13" pageNumber="268">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Fifty-seven eggcases were examined in total; the majority (n = 48) were found on beaches and submitted to the Great Eggcase Hunt project, and the remaining eggcases were provided by public aquaria (n = 9).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF1402CAFFC3FFC7FF49F82DFC885AF7" box="[151,890,1944,1966]" pageId="13" pageNumber="268">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFC3FFC7FF49F82DFC885AF7" blockId="13.[151,890,1944,1966]" box="[151,890,1944,1966]" pageId="13" pageNumber="268">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC3FFC7FF49F82DFEE05AF4" bold="true" box="[151,274,1944,1966]" pageId="13" pageNumber="268">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
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Eggcases of (a)
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFC3FFC7FE65F82CFD8F5AF7" box="[443,637,1944,1966]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="268" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microocellata">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC3FFC7FE65F82CFD8F5AF7" box="[443,637,1944,1966]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="268">Raja microocellata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and (b)
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFC3FFC7FD0CF82CFC875AF7" box="[722,885,1944,1966]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Rostroraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="268" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alba">Rostroraja alba</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFC0FFC4FF19FF22FD675F41" pageId="14" pageNumber="269" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFC0FFC4FF19FF22FD675F41" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="269">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC0FFC4FF19FF22FEAB5DE9" bold="true" box="[199,345,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="269">Description.</emphasis>
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The eggcase of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFC0FFC4FDCAFF2CFD3D5DE9" box="[532,719,152,176]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="269" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microocellata">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC0FFC4FDCAFF2CFD3D5DE9" box="[532,719,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="269">R. microocellata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13504EC7FFC0FFC4FD01FF22FCB25DE9" box="[735,832,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eggcases of (a) Raja microocellata and (b) Rostroraja alba." pageId="14" pageNumber="269">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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a) is of moderate size, with a mean eggcase length of 81.2 ±
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<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFC0FFC4FF32FF09FEB45D8D" box="[236,326,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
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(70.0–
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<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFC0FFC4FE46FF09FDF75D8D" box="[408,517,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.49" pageId="14" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="94.9">94.9 mm</quantity>
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), and eggcase width of 35.3 ±
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<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFC0FFC4FCAAFF09FC3F5D8D" box="[884,973,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
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(
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<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFC0FFC4FC01FF09FB7E5D8D" box="[991,1164,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.495" metricValueMax="5.92" metricValueMin="3.07" pageId="14" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="44.95" valueMax="59.2" valueMin="30.7">30.7–59.2 mm</quantity>
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). Although the eggcase capsule is biconvex, when positioned on its ventral surface the short posterior horns curve upwards, giving the eggcase an overall concave appearance. The capsule has fine, close-packed longitudinal striations on both dorsal and ventral surfaces. The eggcase is broadest across the anterior of the capsule at the base of the horns and usually tapers in width towards the base of the posterior horns, where it is narrowest. Narrow but robust lateral keels extend along the capsule, beginning at the base of the anterior horns and continuing the length of the posterior horns all the way to the tips. The anterior apron is broad and straight but often absent by the time of stranding. The posterior apron is small and concave, stretching the length of the horns. The anterior horns are elongated and narrow into long filamentous tubes which, if intact, can be equal to the capsule length; in contrast, the posterior horns are short, stocky and slightly hooked, curving upwards.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFC0FFC4FF19FD91FD475F95" pageId="14" pageNumber="269" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFC0FFC4FF19FD91FD475F95" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="269">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC0FFC4FF19FD91FEC95F64" bold="true" box="[199,315,548,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="269">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Anterior horns can be broken easily on stranded specimens as they are fine and delicate. Egg-laying activity peaks between June and September (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFC0FFC4FD72FDF2FC445F39" author="Ryland" box="[684,950,583,608]" pageId="14" pageNumber="269" refString="Ryland, J. S. & Ajayi, T. O. (1984) Growth and population dynamics of three Raja species in Carmarthen Bay, British Isles." type="book" year="1984">Ryland & Ajayi, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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) and recently hatched fish occur in very shallow water, but the exact sites of egg deposition are unknown. The reported size of the eggcase of this species appears to be much larger in early studies (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFC0FFC4FD51FD3AFCAA5FF1" author="Williamson" box="[655,856,655,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="269" refString="Williamson, H. C. (1913) On the eggs of certain skates (Raia). Scientific Investigations, Fishery Board for Scotland, 1912 Part I, 3 - 6 and 5 plates." type="book chapter" year="1913">Williamson 1913</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFC0FFC4FCB9FD25FBD15FF1" author="Le" box="[871,1059,655,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="269" refString="Le Danois, E. (1913) Contribution a l'etude systematique et biologique des poissons de la manche occidentale. Theses, Faculte des Sciences de Paris, 214 pp." type="book" year="1913">Le Danois 1913</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFC0FFC4FBECFD3AFB415FF1" author="Clark" box="[1074,1203,655,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="269" refString="Clark, R. S. (1922) Rays and Skates (Raiae) No. I: Egg capsules and young. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 12, 577 - 643. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 002531540000967 X" type="journal article" year="1922">Clark 1922</bibRefCitation>
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) than in subsequent studies including present observations (
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<tableCitation id="C6E967F9FFC0FFC4FD8EFD01FD565F95" box="[592,676,692,717]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[119,204,553,575]" captionTargetBox="[119,1868,631,1415]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 1. (Continueđ)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1402CAFFC4FFC0FFA9FD9CFE975F66" pageId="14" pageNumber="269" tableUuid="DF1402CAFFC4FFC0FFA9FD9CFE975F66">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |