131 lines
15 KiB
XML
131 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="6560DD38CA1E2217E77102EA47EC8E16" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8347a890-caad-4a81-8a02-8ec476083ffb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272101" ID-ZooBank="08E63512-49DB-495C-83FC-CDF206A516CF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1470983924873" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gordon, Cat A., Hood, Ali R. & Ellis, Jim R." docDate="2016" docId="03C2E354FFC2FFC7FF49FAE6FDD15CF4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4150.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4150 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Raja clavata Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="267" masterDocId="FFFB9B2CFFCEFFCAFFDEFFB5FFF25D59" masterDocTitle="Descriptions and revised key to the eggcases of the skates (Rajiformes: Rajidae) and catsharks (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) of the British Isles" masterLastPageNumber="280" masterPageNumber="255" pageNumber="267" updateTime="1698381824525" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9A85F93D6B4ADB2AA6F0AFD6A7A1DF4B">Descriptions and revised key to the eggcases of the skates (Rajiformes: Rajidae) and catsharks (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) of the British Isles</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:roleTerm id="EE0EE2190F896F23BFB1A7B8DDE476F3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4BF588DD4ED219A8982F213A73572D14">Gordon, Cat A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B6A4B356142CA0FB64ECD90169D59A81">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A643A3C39B44A2EEA11808D1CEB9C419">Hood, Ali R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="4CC03CAF9E0CC84F5ACC9C2A5B67C410" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5457651D8DF575416E16052CB9C33FE6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DDCC36B6DAFAD4646E584A2A46E9ADF2">Ellis, Jim R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="44BD0EFD44DDF2F867FDD59779547406">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1EE06842760901A45C3511C0E464B465">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4DC744775B0E24F612BAEB65570D9F1E">
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<mods:date id="73D088A4B772236E803DDF3E694CBB29">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A00377707009BF753267ACD2BB721A8E">4150</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="04BD8BFD4E8504315DC83B9DD0639474" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C2E354FFC2FFC7FF49FAE6FDD15CF4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631366" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124329270" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631366" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFC2FFC7FF49FAE6FDD15CF4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C2E354FFC2FFC7FF49FAE6FDD15CF4" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="267" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFC2FFC6FF49FAE6FE035837" box="[151,497,1363,1390]" pageId="12" pageNumber="267" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFC2FFC6FF49FAE6FE035837" blockId="12.[151,497,1363,1390]" box="[151,497,1363,1390]" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">
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<heading id="D09CE52EFFC2FFC6FF49FAE6FE035837" bold="true" box="[151,497,1363,1390]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="267" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFC2FFC6FF49FAE6FE035837" ID-CoL="793MV" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,497,1363,1390]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC2FFC6FF49FAE6FE035837" bold="true" box="[151,497,1363,1390]" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC2FFC6FF49FAE6FEDF5834" bold="true" box="[151,301,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">Raja clavata</emphasis>
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Linnaeus, 1758
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFC2FFC6FF49FA2FFEE85B1A" pageId="12" pageNumber="267" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFC2FFC6FF49FA2FFEE85B1A" blockId="12.[151,1437,1434,2035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC2FFC6FF49FA2FFEC258EA" bold="true" box="[151,304,1434,1459]" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Thornback ray (
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFC2FFC6FE32FA2EFDAC58EB" box="[492,606,1434,1458]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC2FFC6FE32FA2EFDAC58EB" box="[492,606,1434,1458]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">R. clavata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) is one of the most abundant elasmobranchs in the Northeast Atlantic and has a broad distribution from
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFC2FFC6FE33FA0BFDB2588E" box="[493,576,1470,1495]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">Iceland</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFC2FFC6FDA4FA0AFD26588E" box="[634,724,1471,1495]" name="Norway" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">Norway</collectingCountry>
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to Northwest Africa and the Mediterranean Sea (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFC2FFC6FAD2FA0BFEDE58A2" author="Stehmann" pageId="12" pageNumber="267" refString="Stehmann, M. F. W. & Burkel D. L. (1984). Rajidae. In: Whitehead P. J. P., Bauchot, M. - L., Hureaun, J. - C., Nielsen, J. & Tortonese, E. (Eds) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Vol. I. pp. 163 - 196. UNESCO, Paris, 163 - 196." type="book chapter" year="1984">Stehmann & Bürkel, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFC2FFC6FEE9FA56FDFF58A2" author="Serena" box="[311,525,1506,1531]" pageId="12" pageNumber="267" refString="Serena, F., Mancusi, C. & Barone, M. (2010) Field identification guide to the skates (Rajidae) of the Mediterranean Sea. Guidelines for data collection and analysis. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 17 (Supplement 2), 204 pp." type="book" year="2010">
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Serena
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC2FFC6FE55FA56FE3B58A3" box="[395,457,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">et al.,</emphasis>
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2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The eggcases of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFC2FFC6FD04FA56FCBE58A3" box="[730,844,1506,1530]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC2FFC6FD04FA56FCBE58A3" box="[730,844,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">R. clavata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were reported frequently to the Great Eggcase Hunt, with submissions from nearly all of the British coastline, albeit with only scattered reports from the northeast coast of
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFC2FFC6FF6BF99FFEE45B1A" box="[181,278,1578,1603]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">England</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFC2FFC6FF19F9FBFC485BF6" pageId="12" pageNumber="267" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFC2FFC6FF19F9FBFC485BF6" blockId="12.[151,1437,1434,2035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC2FFC6FF19F9FBFE445B3E" bold="true" box="[199,438,1614,1639]" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Fifty-two eggcases were examined in detail, of which the majority (n = 38) were collected by the Great Eggcase Hunt, with other specimens from trawl surveys (n = 4), museum collections (n = 3; BMNH 1927.3.25.1, BMNH 91.6.18.66–67) and public aquaria (n = 7).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFC2FFC7FF19F90FFDD15CF4" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="268" pageId="12" pageNumber="267" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFC2FFC6FF19F90FFE6F5A96" blockId="12.[151,1437,1434,2035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC2FFC6FF19F90FFEAB5B8A" bold="true" box="[199,345,1722,1747]" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">Description.</emphasis>
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The eggcase of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFC2FFC6FDCAF90EFD755B8B" box="[532,647,1722,1746]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC2FFC6FDCAF90EFD755B8B" box="[532,647,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">R. clavata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13504EC7FFC2FFC6FD48F90FFD045B8A" box="[662,758,1722,1747]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1230,1252]" captionTargetBox="[219,1370,198,1203]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[208,1379,193,1209]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Eggcases of (a) Raja brachyura (b) Raja clavata (typical specimen) and (c) R. clavata (aberrant specimen from museum collection; BMNH 1927.3.25.1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272105/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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b) is robust and of moderate size, with an eggcase length of 67.2 ± 10.0 mm (
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<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFC2FFC6FEBEF96AFDFA5BAE" box="[352,520,1759,1783]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" metricValueMax="8.33" metricValueMin="3.27" pageId="12" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="58.0" valueMax="83.3" valueMin="32.7">32.7–83.3 mm</quantity>
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) and eggcase width of 37.0 ±
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<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFC2FFC6FCB7F96AFC305BAF" box="[873,962,1759,1783]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="8.2">8.2 mm</quantity>
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(32.7–69.0 mm). These values, however, mask a diversity in both size and the length to width ratio, with eggcases varying from rectangular to square, as shown by the width of the eggcase ranging from 62.3–91.0% of the eggcase length. This is demonstrated by one aberrant museum specimen (BMNH 1927.13.25.1), which measured
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<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFC2FFC6FC6DF8FFFBF75A3B" box="[947,1029,1866,1891]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="76.0">76 mm</quantity>
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eggcase length by
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<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFC2FFC6FB36F8FFFAC85A3B" box="[1256,1338,1866,1891]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="69.0">69 mm</quantity>
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eggcase width (
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<figureCitation id="13504EC7FFC2FFC6FF3BF8DBFEB75ADE" box="[229,325,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1230,1252]" captionTargetBox="[219,1370,198,1203]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[208,1379,193,1209]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Eggcases of (a) Raja brachyura (b) Raja clavata (typical specimen) and (c) R. clavata (aberrant specimen from museum collection; BMNH 1927.3.25.1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272105/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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c). One of the museum specimens examined (BMNH 91.6.18.67) was the largest
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFC2FFC6FB12F8DAFACF5ADF" box="[1228,1341,1902,1926]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFC2FFC6FB12F8DAFACF5ADF" box="[1228,1341,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">R. clavata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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eggcase measured (eggcase length =
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<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFC2FFC6FE35F826FDAB5AF2" box="[491,601,1939,1963]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.33" pageId="12" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="83.3">83.3 mm</quantity>
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), with the two others within the upper limits of the sizes observed in contemporary material.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFC2FFC7FF19F86FFDD15CF4" blockId="12.[151,1437,1434,2035]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="268" pageId="12" pageNumber="267">
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The dorsal surface of the capsule is distinctly more convex than the ventral. Freshly-laid specimens are covered with thin fibres (
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<figureCitation id="13504EC7FFC3FFC7FE6EFF22FDFD5DE9" box="[432,527,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1061,1083]" captionTargetBox="[328,1256,306,1035]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[325,1262,301,1040]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Eggcase capsule surface structures for (a) Amblyraja radiata (b) Dipturus batis (c) Raja clavata (d) Rostroraja alba (taken with USB Digital Microscope)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272104/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="268">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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c) and although these are often lost by the time of stranding, evidence of remnant fibres can be visible on the keels and less abraded areas. The lateral keels are well-formed and sturdy, often remaining intact in strandline specimens. The keels extend from the base of the anterior horns, down the length of the capsule and terminate where the posterior horns join the capsule. The anterior apron is marginally larger than the posterior and is straight, while the posterior apron is slightly convex, but often broken away neatly in stranded samples, giving the appearance of a very narrow apron. The anterior horns are marginally longer than the posterior and curve inwards slightly. The lengths and widths of the eggcases recorded in the present study extended the reported size range for this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |