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<mods:title id="01013E3ACCB7BE88C9BA0954BBC1AD38">SEM study of species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Kirchenpaueriidae), with an annotated checklist of the species of the genus</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C287C6280E7C1ED4F48F942F9E788C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6107449" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119646514" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6107449" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287C6280E7C1ED4F48F942F9E788C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287C6280E7C1ED4F48F942F9E788C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="409" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<subSubSection id="C371655B280E7C13D4F48F942DBB7D99" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD436D0280E7C13D4F48F942F0A7DC6" blockId="5.[151,792,1413,1473]" box="[151,792,1413,1439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<heading id="D09C81BC280E7C13D4F48F942F0A7DC6" bold="true" box="[151,792,1413,1439]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53280E7C13D4F48F942F0A7DC6" ID-CoL="6TD9R" authority="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1997" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,792,1413,1439]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="erratum">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2280E7C13D4F48F942F0A7DC6" bold="true" box="[151,792,1413,1439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2280E7C13D4F48F942D947DC6" bold="true" box="[151,390,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Oswaldella erratum</emphasis>
Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1997
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436D0280E7C13D4F48FB92DBB7D99" blockId="5.[151,792,1413,1473]" box="[151,425,1448,1473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
(
<figureCitation id="13502A55280E7C13D4FC8FB92CF57D99" box="[159,231,1448,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1332,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oswaldella erratum Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores; C, unforked hydrocladial internode showing hydrothecal aperture and mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores; D E, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 200 µm (F), 80 µm (D E), 50 µm (B C) and 20 µm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245891/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Figs 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13502A55280E7C13D4908FB92D027D98" box="[243,272,1448,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1333,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 16. Detail of the area from which mesial nematophore emerges. A, Oswaldella bifurca; B, Oswaldella delicata; C, Oswaldella elongata; D, Oswaldella erratum; E, Oswaldella frigida; F, Oswaldella garciacarrascosai; G, Oswaldella grandis; H, Oswaldella incognita; I, Oswaldella laertesi; J, Oswaldella niobae; K, Oswaldella rigida; L, Oswaldella shetlandica; M, Oswaldella stepanjantsae; N, Oswaldella vervoorti; O, Oswaldella sp. Scale bar: 20 µm (A O)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245903/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">16</figureCitation>
D, 17D, 19D)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371655B280E7C13D4F48FE128B57E2C" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD436D0280E7C13D4F48FE128B57E2C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1520,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2280E7C13D4F48FE12D937E50" bold="true" box="[151,385,1520,1545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640280E7C13D5EB8FE12DF07E51" box="[392,482,1520,1544]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">German</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640280E7C13D5898FE12E407E50" box="[490,594,1520,1545]" name="Antarctica" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
Expedition ANT-XXI/2: Stn PS65 /166-1,
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2280E7C13D05A8FE128A37E50" box="[1081,1201,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Polarstern</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFD51010280E7C13D0DC8FE1298A7E51" box="[1215,1432,1520,1545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="2003-12-15">15 December 2003</date>
, 70°56.8370°56.00, 10°32.61
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F5017280E7C13D6728C052E8F7E74" box="[529,669,1556,1581]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="9" value="-10.508833">10°30.53W</geoCoordinate>
(off Cape
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640280E7C13D77E8C052F9A7E74" box="[797,904,1556,1581]" name="Norway" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Norvegia</collectingCountry>
, Weddell Sea), 338
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.
</specimenCount>
Spanish
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640280E7C13D1578C05298E7E74" box="[1332,1436,1556,1581]" name="Antarctica" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
Expedition Bentart 95: Stn 24R,
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2280E7C13D6728C292E9D7E08" box="[529,655,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Hespérides</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFD51010280E7C13D6FC8C292F727E08" box="[671,864,1592,1617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="1995-01-30">30 January 1995</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F5017280E7C13D70E8C2928187E08" box="[877,1034,1592,1617]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="1" value="-63.974525">63°58.4715S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F5017280E7C13D07B8C2928AC7E08" box="[1048,1214,1592,1617]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="1" value="-60.86647">60°51.9882W</geoCoordinate>
(off Trinity
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640280E7C13D1338C2929857E08" box="[1360,1431,1592,1617]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Island</collectingCountry>
, Graham Land),
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(Department of Zoology, University of Valencia, BENTART 95-24R).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371655B280E7C13D4A48C912ED17F84" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD436D0280E7C13D4A48C91296F7EB9" blockId="5.[151,1437,1520,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2280E7C13D4A48C912D4B7EC0" bold="true" box="[199,345,1664,1689]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Description.</emphasis>
Monosiphonic (occasionally polysiphonic), unbranched stems, up to
<quantity id="4C939B35280E7C13D0168C9128C67EC1" box="[1141,1236,1664,1688]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="mm" value="130.0">130 mm</quantity>
high, usually not divided into internodes. Typically, perisarc strongly developed. Angle between cauline apophyses and stem ca. 70°. Cauline apophyses with two axillary nematophores, each provided with a much-reduced nematotheca (
<figureCitation id="13502A55280E7C13D1748CD9294E7EB9" box="[1303,1372,1736,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1332,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oswaldella erratum Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores; C, unforked hydrocladial internode showing hydrothecal aperture and mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores; D E, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 200 µm (F), 80 µm (D E), 50 µm (B C) and 20 µm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245891/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436D0280E7C13D4A48CFD283C7FCC" blockId="5.[151,1437,1520,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
Hydrocladia branched, up to third-order hydrocladia reported. First hydrocladial internode bifurcated, with two similar prongs (
<figureCitation id="13502A55280E7C13D5258D012D9B7F71" box="[326,393,1808,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1332,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oswaldella erratum Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores; C, unforked hydrocladial internode showing hydrothecal aperture and mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores; D E, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 200 µm (F), 80 µm (D E), 50 µm (B C) and 20 µm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245891/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A). Mesial-inferior nematophore on a strongly marked swelling at proximal third of internode (
<figureCitation id="13502A55280E7C13D4FC8D252CF77F14" box="[159,229,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1332,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oswaldella erratum Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores; C, unforked hydrocladial internode showing hydrothecal aperture and mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores; D E, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 200 µm (F), 80 µm (D E), 50 µm (B C) and 20 µm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245891/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
DE); with scale-shaped nematotheca (
<figureCitation id="13502A55280E7C13D6CF8D252EE17F14" box="[684,755,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1332,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oswaldella erratum Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores; C, unforked hydrocladial internode showing hydrothecal aperture and mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores; D E, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 200 µm (F), 80 µm (D E), 50 µm (B C) and 20 µm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245891/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
DF). Hydrotheca elongate, placed on middle of internode (
<figureCitation id="13502A55280E7C13D4FC8D492CF17F28" box="[159,227,1880,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1332,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oswaldella erratum Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores; C, unforked hydrocladial internode showing hydrothecal aperture and mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores; D E, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 200 µm (F), 80 µm (D E), 50 µm (B C) and 20 µm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245891/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A, DE). Abcauline wall of hydrotheca basally straight, but strongly curving adcaudally at distal part (
<figureCitation id="13502A55280E7C13D10C8D492CB47FCC" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1332,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oswaldella erratum Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores; C, unforked hydrocladial internode showing hydrothecal aperture and mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores; D E, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 200 µm (F), 80 µm (D E), 50 µm (B C) and 20 µm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245891/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
E). Hydrothecal aperture kidney-shaped (
<figureCitation id="13502A55280E7C13D6178D6D2EA57FCC" box="[628,695,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1332,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oswaldella erratum Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores; C, unforked hydrocladial internode showing hydrothecal aperture and mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores; D E, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 200 µm (F), 80 µm (D E), 50 µm (B C) and 20 µm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245891/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C), adcaudally directed (
<figureCitation id="13502A55280E7C13D7A98D6D281C7FCC" box="[970,1038,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1332,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oswaldella erratum Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores; C, unforked hydrocladial internode showing hydrothecal aperture and mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores; D E, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 200 µm (F), 80 µm (D E), 50 µm (B C) and 20 µm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245891/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436D0280E7C13D4A48DB12ED17F84" blockId="5.[151,1437,1520,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
Gonothecae fusiform. Female gonotheca larger than male one, with subterminal, circular aperture.
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640280E7C13D1018DB1298E7FE0" box="[1378,1436,1952,1977]" name="Malta" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Male</collectingCountry>
gonotheca with distal, circular aperture (
<figureCitation id="13502A55280E7C13D63F8DD52E8D7F84" box="[604,671,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1332,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oswaldella erratum Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores; C, unforked hydrocladial internode showing hydrothecal aperture and mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores; D E, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 200 µm (F), 80 µm (D E), 50 µm (B C) and 20 µm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245891/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
G).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF146658280D7C10D4F48D7F2D5D7FB9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245890/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" targetBox="[289,1297,193,1880]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BD436D0280D7C10D4F48D7F2D5D7FB9" blockId="6.[151,1435,1902,2016]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2280D7C10D4F48D7F2D0B7FDA" bold="true" box="[151,281,1902,1924]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53280D7C10D5448D7F28507FDD" authority="Pena Cantero, Garcia Carrascosa &amp; Vervoort, 1995" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Garcia Carrascosa &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1995" box="[295,1090,1902,1924]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2280D7C10D5448D7F2E137FDD" box="[295,513,1902,1924]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Oswaldella elongata</emphasis>
Peña Cantero, García Carrascosa &amp; Vervoort, 1995
</taxonomicName>
. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and mamelons; C, detail of cauline axillary nematophores; DE, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D frontal view, E lateral view). Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 100 µm (DE) and 20 µm (BC).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF146658280C7C11D4F48D7F296B7FB1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245891/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" targetBox="[253,1332,193,1880]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BD436D0280C7C11D4F48D7F296B7FB1" blockId="7.[151,1436,1902,2024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2280C7C11D4F48D7F2D007FDA" bold="true" box="[151,274,1902,1924]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53280C7C11D57B8D7F2F387FDD" authority="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1997" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" box="[280,810,1902,1924]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="erratum">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2280C7C11D57B8D7F2DF17FDD" box="[280,483,1902,1924]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Oswaldella erratum</emphasis>
Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1997
</taxonomicName>
. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores; C, unforked hydrocladial internode showing hydrothecal aperture and mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores; DE, unforked hydrocladial internodes (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 200 µm (F), 80 µm (DE), 50 µm (BC) and 20 µm (G).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C371655B28037C1ED4A48A862F9E788C" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD436D028037C1ED4A48A862F9E788C" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228037C1ED4A48A862D2978E9" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Remarks.</emphasis>
The most remarkable finding in relation to this species is the presence of much-reduced nematothecae in the axillary nematophores, never described before.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>