313 lines
40 KiB
XML
313 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="CEE9FB6BBA988D36656ACCC193C7116E" ID-DOI="10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362" ID-ISSN="1478-0941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883381" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1711484105509" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Georgieva, Magdalena N., Little, Crispin T. S., Watson, Jonathan S., Sephton, Mark A., Ball, Alexander D. & Glover, Adrian G." docDate="2019" docId="03C0814B9037FFB43DF0F9C74CBAFC15" docLanguage="en" docName="JSystPalaeontol.17.4.287-329.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362" docStyle="DocumentStyle:602474738E3D100F0F13788B53F61545.3:JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.open" docStyleId="602474738E3D100F0F13788B53F61545" docStyleName="JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.open" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Siboglinidae Caullery 1914" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="301" masterDocId="FFF9F933903CFFBB3E4CFFA14E0EFF1E" masterDocTitle="Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps" masterLastPageNumber="329" masterPageNumber="287" pageNumber="297" updateTime="1712152197148" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BDC47628E896C53ABA2D7169968684E4">
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<mods:title id="F52667B88EBEF5F6E225C0A14B89B206">Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="07A1CE06996130CCE2B93475B7165299" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="36B8B058C87F66F4B200937C10B4ECEE">Georgieva, Magdalena N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2DD3BB31B07ED4555F18EE839B5B9EBF">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; & School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0EE6CDC0C07585650C78223C58C74C66">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DF4F68CE6B903B5A0571B84D79CF9AEB">Little, Crispin T. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="17ED705DC33AC58F3E9ECBE9F8EFF5FB">School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="083FA705B68BB2674B7035349ED78972" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="608040C52120334EC8D0DD527F88B7B3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1DF7C90AB0FB14FD6FA7F69C53C34DEE">Watson, Jonathan S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="655CA291A2BAAF642A4D6C480A4FC41F">Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="703AE4410A0B7FE977E249FD54B18916">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8172986C77C19F4934402101133F99B7">Sephton, Mark A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1F97089FD878A59A02889ABF71828B0A">Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B87E18E093566F7FDA34A59B92711F73">Ball, Alexander D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A6E038374AFD40034FEE231724DBF44E">Core Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="694749FA32E2B8B05C7DCB7909F503C1">Glover, Adrian G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="077DC26E21A192A28A56245621DE6DE3">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EBE8A171C48BA9C5D90566EC14722C89">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4C3D8A86EC9D1C558C318B6F266CEA2D">Journal of Systematic Palaeontology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1AD266AA0A71289AE75E03C6917E1498">
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<mods:date id="0A77039E207461A61C4328E5FDAA1827">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="838CE5075A308E28FB2D4C1F069A2069">2017-12-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BD7D0B673528BF0929D8ED8BADCF3013">17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8B12001B5BF8CA019DDA852528BDAB0F">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="48DB93C70659770E4D1A5F4FA7445481">287</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="FED6C695836C410BFA8FCE1E7A704C23">329</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="86C800D9AB04496266208A8CE1E3730A">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="205FEB44CD617E876D3FCC47848D14DD">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E834A2A9082CA0220DBACD1092832F5D" type="DOI">10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="91760183A3BEB277AA21564AAA59ABB3" type="ISSN">1478-0941</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7C4AB9BCB4A06F5D4DDEB99626550649" type="Zenodo-Dep">10883381</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C0814B9037FFB43DF0F9C74CBAFC15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C0814B9037FFB43DF0F9C74CBAFC15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C0814B9037FFB43DF0F9C74CBAFC15" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="301" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">
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<subSubSection id="C37363D69037FFB03DF0F9C74AE8F983" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9037FFB03DF0F9C74AE8F983" blockId="11.[956,1355,1607,1757]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">
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?Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C694BDE9037FFB03A56F9C74B45F963" ID-CoL="84KRZ" authority="Caullery, 1914" authorityName="Caullery" authorityYear="1914" box="[1050,1355,1638,1661]" class="Polychaeta" family="Siboglinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9037FFB03A56F9C74AA8F963" bold="true" box="[1050,1190,1638,1661]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">Siboglinidae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9037FFB03AE1F9C74B45F963" author="Caullery, M." box="[1197,1355,1638,1661]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" pagination="2014 - 2017" refId="ref22158" refString="Caullery, M. 1914. Sur les Siboglinidae, type nouveau d'invert´ebr´es receuillis par l'exp´edition du Siboga. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances´de l'Academie´des Sciences, 158, 2014 - 2017." type="journal article" year="1914">Caullery, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(?vestimentiferan)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37363D69037FFB03A6AF9074B49F823" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9037FFB03A6AF9074AEFF9A3" blockId="11.[956,1355,1607,1757]" box="[1062,1249,1702,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9037FFB03A6AF9074AEFF9A3" bold="true" box="[1062,1249,1702,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">‘Omagari tubes’</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9037FFB03A10F9674AA2F9C3" blockId="11.[956,1355,1607,1757]" box="[1116,1196,1734,1757]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13522CD89037FFB03A29F9674AACF9C3" box="[1125,1186,1734,1757]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[159,227,1742,1763]" captionTargetBox="[298,1327,184,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-1@14.[297,1329,183,1709]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. A–H, ‘Omagari tubes’, Campanian, Hokkaido, Japan; A, OMG03-4a, hand specimen with many, similar-diameter tubes with brown walls encased in carbonate; B, OMG03-3b, detail of tube with brown wall, outer wall appears smooth; C, D, OMG03-1, cluster of tubes (C) with mineralized walls but not encased in carbonate, and detail of individual tubes (D); E, OMG03-2, tubes with brown walls in section; F, OMG03-4b, large-diameter tube in transverse section with wall comprised of many layers; G, OMG03-1, preserved tear in the wall of a tube suggesting an originally fibrous nature; H, clump of Omagari tubes (reproduced from Hikida et al. 2003). I, clump of the roots of the seep vestimentiferan Lamellibrachia luymesi (donated by C. Fisher). Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 5 mm; D, E = 2 mm; F = 500 µm; G = 50 µm; H, I = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883397/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9037FFB03D01F8A74B49F823" blockId="11.[845,1466,1798,1853]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">
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2003 possible vestimentiferan worm tubes Hikida, Suzuki,
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<collectingCountry id="F37E70CD9037FFB03D2BF8874DACF823" box="[871,930,1830,1853]" name="Togo" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">Togo</collectingCountry>
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, & Ijiri: 336, figs 3.1, 4.1, 4.4, 4.5, 5, 8.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37363D69037FFB73D01F8F64A00F8B0" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9037FFB73D01F8F64F3BF8B0" blockId="11.[845,1467,1879,1934]" lastBlockId="12.[159,781,1783,1966]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9037FFB03D01F8F64DB9F870" bold="true" box="[845,951,1879,1902]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">Material.</emphasis>
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Many small, similar-diameter tubes preserved together. OMG03-4a, pinkish calcite with many worm tubes with brown walls (
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<figureCitation id="13522CD89030FFB73FB6F9564C7DF810" box="[506,627,1783,1806]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[159,227,1742,1763]" captionTargetBox="[298,1327,184,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-1@14.[297,1329,183,1709]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. A–H, ‘Omagari tubes’, Campanian, Hokkaido, Japan; A, OMG03-4a, hand specimen with many, similar-diameter tubes with brown walls encased in carbonate; B, OMG03-3b, detail of tube with brown wall, outer wall appears smooth; C, D, OMG03-1, cluster of tubes (C) with mineralized walls but not encased in carbonate, and detail of individual tubes (D); E, OMG03-2, tubes with brown walls in section; F, OMG03-4b, large-diameter tube in transverse section with wall comprised of many layers; G, OMG03-1, preserved tear in the wall of a tube suggesting an originally fibrous nature; H, clump of Omagari tubes (reproduced from Hikida et al. 2003). I, clump of the roots of the seep vestimentiferan Lamellibrachia luymesi (donated by C. Fisher). Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 5 mm; D, E = 2 mm; F = 500 µm; G = 50 µm; H, I = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883397/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">Fig. 8A, B</figureCitation>
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). OMG03-4b, brown-walled tubes observed in thin section. OMG03-1, many tubes in muddy, crumbly matrix (
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<figureCitation id="13522CD89030FFB73C30F8964D0FF850" box="[636,769,1847,1870]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[159,227,1742,1763]" captionTargetBox="[298,1327,184,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-1@14.[297,1329,183,1709]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. A–H, ‘Omagari tubes’, Campanian, Hokkaido, Japan; A, OMG03-4a, hand specimen with many, similar-diameter tubes with brown walls encased in carbonate; B, OMG03-3b, detail of tube with brown wall, outer wall appears smooth; C, D, OMG03-1, cluster of tubes (C) with mineralized walls but not encased in carbonate, and detail of individual tubes (D); E, OMG03-2, tubes with brown walls in section; F, OMG03-4b, large-diameter tube in transverse section with wall comprised of many layers; G, OMG03-1, preserved tear in the wall of a tube suggesting an originally fibrous nature; H, clump of Omagari tubes (reproduced from Hikida et al. 2003). I, clump of the roots of the seep vestimentiferan Lamellibrachia luymesi (donated by C. Fisher). Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 5 mm; D, E = 2 mm; F = 500 µm; G = 50 µm; H, I = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883397/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">Fig. 8C, D</figureCitation>
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). OMG03-2, OMG03-3a, OMG03-3b, many tubes with light-coloured walls preserved in hard cement. Donated by Y. Hikida.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF1660D59030FFB73ED3F9924F96F9D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883393" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883393/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="298" startId="12.[159,227,1587,1608]" targetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9030FFB73ED3F9924F96F9D2" blockId="12.[159,1467,1587,1741]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73ED3F9924EF3F956" bold="true" box="[159,253,1587,1608]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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‘Canyon River tubes’, Oligocene, Washington State, USA.
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73D06F9924D70F956" bold="true" box="[842,894,1587,1608]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">A–C,</emphasis>
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WA-CR LACMIP 16957;
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73ACBF9924A96F956" bold="true" box="[1159,1176,1587,1608]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">A</emphasis>
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, large-diameter tubes in hand specimen;
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73F4BF9EC4F13F97C" bold="true" box="[263,285,1613,1634]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">B,</emphasis>
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smooth small-diameter tubes;
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73C09F9EC4C52F97C" bold="true" box="[581,604,1613,1634]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">C,</emphasis>
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small-diameter tube with longitudinal wrinkles.
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73A7DF9EC4A6DF97C" bold="true" box="[1073,1123,1613,1634]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">D–F,</emphasis>
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JLG 473;
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73A85F9EC4AD4F97C" bold="true" box="[1225,1242,1613,1634]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">D</emphasis>
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, delaminated tube wall with a fragment of preserved multi-layered tube wall (white arrow);
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73D08F9C94D57F963" bold="true" box="[836,857,1640,1661]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">E,</emphasis>
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uncompressed transverse section of a small diameter tube;
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73BEAF9C94BB4F963" bold="true" box="[1446,1466,1640,1661]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">F,</emphasis>
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detail of tube wall showing fluorescent bands that likely indicate the presence of preserved organic matter from the tube wall, imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). Scale bars: A
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73DA6F93D4DF3F9AC" bold="true" box="[1002,1021,1692,1714]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">=</emphasis>
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20 mm; B
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73A24F93D4A75F9AC" bold="true" box="[1128,1147,1692,1714]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">=</emphasis>
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||
5 mm; C
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73A96F93D4AE3F9AC" bold="true" box="[1242,1261,1692,1714]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">=</emphasis>
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3 mm; D
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73B02F93D4B6FF9AC" bold="true" box="[1358,1377,1692,1714]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">=</emphasis>
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||
150
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73BDDF93D4BAFF9AC" box="[1425,1441,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">µ</emphasis>
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||
m; E
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||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73EF8F9164EC9F9D3" bold="true" box="[180,199,1719,1741]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">=</emphasis>
|
||
300
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73EBAF9164F08F9D3" box="[246,262,1719,1741]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m; F
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73F74F9164F45F9D3" bold="true" box="[312,331,1719,1741]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">=</emphasis>
|
||
30
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73F22F9164F70F9D3" box="[366,382,1719,1741]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">µ</emphasis>
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||
m.
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||
</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9030FFB73D01F9564A00F8B0" blockId="12.[845,1466,1783,1966]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73D01F9564DD7F810" bold="true" box="[845,985,1783,1806]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">Occurrence.</emphasis>
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Omagari, Nakagawa-cho region, north-western
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<collectingRegion id="49ADFEBF9030FFB73D8DF8B64A23F830" box="[961,1069,1815,1838]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
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, northern
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<collectingCountry id="F37E70CD9030FFB73A83F8B64B02F830" box="[1231,1292,1815,1838]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(44
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D569A9030FFB73B1DF8B24B99F830" box="[1361,1431,1811,1838]" degrees="39.58" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="298" precision="555" value="-39.58">
|
||
<superScript id="7C1C9D159030FFB73B1DF8B24B54F83A" attach="none" box="[1361,1370,1811,1828]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">º</superScript>
|
||
39.58
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73BD6F8B24B91F83A" bold="true" box="[1434,1439,1811,1828]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<superScript id="7C1C9D159030FFB73BD6F8B24B91F83A" attach="right" box="[1434,1439,1811,1828]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">'</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
N, 142
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D569A9030FFB73D39F8934DA3F850" box="[885,941,1842,1870]" degrees="2.22" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="298" precision="555" value="-2.22">
|
||
<superScript id="7C1C9D159030FFB73D39F8934D70F85D" attach="none" box="[885,894,1842,1859]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">º</superScript>
|
||
2.22
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73DFDF8934DB8F85D" bold="true" box="[945,950,1842,1859]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<superScript id="7C1C9D159030FFB73DFDF8934DB8F85D" attach="right" box="[945,950,1842,1859]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">'</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
E). Approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C919DB89030FFB73ADDF8964AC2F850" box="[1169,1228,1847,1870]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="298" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||
wide seep carbonate deposit, Omagari Formation, Yezo Supergroup, Campanian, Cretaceous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9030FFB73A43F8D64ADBF890" author="Hikida, Y. & Suzuki, S. & Togo, Y. & Ijiri, A." box="[1039,1237,1911,1934]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298" pagination="329 - 342" refId="ref23222" refString="Hikida, Y., Suzuki, S., Togo, Y. & Ijiri, A. 2003. An exceptionally well-preserved fossil seep community from the Cretaceous Yezo Group in the Nakagawa area, Hokkaido, northern Japan. Paleontological Research, 7, 329 - 342." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Hikida
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73A2DF8D64A96F890" box="[1121,1176,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9030FFB73AA8F8D64BBDF890" author="Majima, R. & Nobuhara, T. & Kitazaki, T." box="[1252,1459,1911,1934]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298" pagination="86 - 123" refId="ref24416" refString="Majima, R., Nobuhara, T. & Kitazaki, T. 2005. Review of fossil chemosynthetic assemblages in Japan. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 227, 86 - 123." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Majima
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73B73F8D64B78F890" box="[1343,1398,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9030FFB73D01F8364DF3F8B0" author="Kiel, S. & Amano, K. & Jenkins, R. G." box="[845,1021,1943,1966]" pageId="12" pageNumber="298" pagination="525 - 537" refId="ref23775" refString="Kiel, S., Amano, K. & Jenkins, R. G. 2008 a. Bivalves from Cretaceous cold-seep deposits on Hokkaido, Japan. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 53, 525 - 537." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Kiel
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9030FFB73DCDF8364DB9F8B0" box="[897,951,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="298">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF1660D59031FFB63ED3F9924C4FF963" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883395/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="299" startId="13.[159,227,1587,1608]" targetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9031FFB63ED3F9924C4FF963" blockId="13.[159,1467,1587,1662]" pageId="13" pageNumber="299">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9031FFB63ED3F9924EF2F956" bold="true" box="[159,252,1587,1608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="299">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
‘Bear River tubes’, LACMIP 5802 BRB-1, late Eocene, Washington State, USA.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9031FFB63DB1F9924A1AF956" bold="true" box="[1021,1044,1587,1608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="299">A,</emphasis>
|
||
multiple tubes in transverse section with neat round profiles.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9031FFB63F61F9EF4F4CF97D" bold="true" box="[301,322,1614,1635]" pageId="13" pageNumber="299">B,</emphasis>
|
||
small-diameter tube with thick wall.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9031FFB63CD3F9EF4CB8F97D" bold="true" box="[671,694,1614,1635]" pageId="13" pageNumber="299">C,</emphasis>
|
||
large-diameter tube with thick wall and showing evidence of multi-layering. Scale bars: A
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9031FFB63EABF9C94EF4F960" bold="true" box="[231,250,1640,1662]" pageId="13" pageNumber="299">=</emphasis>
|
||
2 mm; B
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9031FFB63F19F9C94F66F960" bold="true" box="[341,360,1640,1662]" pageId="13" pageNumber="299">=</emphasis>
|
||
300
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9031FFB63FD9F9C94FABF960" box="[405,421,1640,1662]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="299">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m; C
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9031FFB63F94F9C94FE5F960" bold="true" box="[472,491,1640,1662]" pageId="13" pageNumber="299">=</emphasis>
|
||
200
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9031FFB63C54F9C94C26F960" box="[536,552,1640,1662]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="299">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37363D69031FFB43ED3F91F4C2AFFEA" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="301" pageId="13" pageNumber="299" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9031FFB43ED3F91F4C2AFFEA" blockId="13.[159,781,1726,1908]" lastBlockId="15.[159,780,189,244]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="301" pageId="13" pageNumber="299">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9031FFB63ED3F91F4F24F9CB" bold="true" box="[159,298,1726,1749]" pageId="13" pageNumber="299">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Non-agglutinated tubes, many of which are partially or fully replaced by silica or siderite, resulting in a dark brown-black or reddish colour, respectively. The tubes do not appear to be branching (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89031FFB63EE5F89C4F2CF84A" box="[169,290,1853,1876]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[159,227,1742,1763]" captionTargetBox="[298,1327,184,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-1@14.[297,1329,183,1709]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. A–H, ‘Omagari tubes’, Campanian, Hokkaido, Japan; A, OMG03-4a, hand specimen with many, similar-diameter tubes with brown walls encased in carbonate; B, OMG03-3b, detail of tube with brown wall, outer wall appears smooth; C, D, OMG03-1, cluster of tubes (C) with mineralized walls but not encased in carbonate, and detail of individual tubes (D); E, OMG03-2, tubes with brown walls in section; F, OMG03-4b, large-diameter tube in transverse section with wall comprised of many layers; G, OMG03-1, preserved tear in the wall of a tube suggesting an originally fibrous nature; H, clump of Omagari tubes (reproduced from Hikida et al. 2003). I, clump of the roots of the seep vestimentiferan Lamellibrachia luymesi (donated by C. Fisher). Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 5 mm; D, E = 2 mm; F = 500 µm; G = 50 µm; H, I = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883397/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="299">Fig. 8A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
), and have walls that, where visible, appear smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89031FFB63F4EF8FC4F73F86A" box="[258,381,1885,1908]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[159,227,1742,1763]" captionTargetBox="[298,1327,184,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-1@14.[297,1329,183,1709]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. A–H, ‘Omagari tubes’, Campanian, Hokkaido, Japan; A, OMG03-4a, hand specimen with many, similar-diameter tubes with brown walls encased in carbonate; B, OMG03-3b, detail of tube with brown wall, outer wall appears smooth; C, D, OMG03-1, cluster of tubes (C) with mineralized walls but not encased in carbonate, and detail of individual tubes (D); E, OMG03-2, tubes with brown walls in section; F, OMG03-4b, large-diameter tube in transverse section with wall comprised of many layers; G, OMG03-1, preserved tear in the wall of a tube suggesting an originally fibrous nature; H, clump of Omagari tubes (reproduced from Hikida et al. 2003). I, clump of the roots of the seep vestimentiferan Lamellibrachia luymesi (donated by C. Fisher). Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 5 mm; D, E = 2 mm; F = 500 µm; G = 50 µm; H, I = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883397/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="299">Fig. 8B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tube diameters range from
|
||
<quantity id="4C919DB89031FFB63C81F8FC4DA4F9CB" box="[717,938,1726,1908]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="299" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="0.8">0.8 to 2.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and tubes do not appear to taper distinctly along their lengths. Tube walls are uncompressed, suggesting that they may have originally been rigid, and are multi-layered (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89031FFB63A69F8BC4AAFF82A" box="[1061,1185,1821,1844]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[159,227,1742,1763]" captionTargetBox="[298,1327,184,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-1@14.[297,1329,183,1709]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. A–H, ‘Omagari tubes’, Campanian, Hokkaido, Japan; A, OMG03-4a, hand specimen with many, similar-diameter tubes with brown walls encased in carbonate; B, OMG03-3b, detail of tube with brown wall, outer wall appears smooth; C, D, OMG03-1, cluster of tubes (C) with mineralized walls but not encased in carbonate, and detail of individual tubes (D); E, OMG03-2, tubes with brown walls in section; F, OMG03-4b, large-diameter tube in transverse section with wall comprised of many layers; G, OMG03-1, preserved tear in the wall of a tube suggesting an originally fibrous nature; H, clump of Omagari tubes (reproduced from Hikida et al. 2003). I, clump of the roots of the seep vestimentiferan Lamellibrachia luymesi (donated by C. Fisher). Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 5 mm; D, E = 2 mm; F = 500 µm; G = 50 µm; H, I = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883397/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="299">Fig. 8E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tube walls are generally not very thick, apart from in a subset of tubes in which the walls are thick and exhibit many layers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89033FFB43EE5FF1C4F0FFFCA" box="[169,257,189,212]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[159,227,1742,1763]" captionTargetBox="[298,1327,184,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-1@14.[297,1329,183,1709]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. A–H, ‘Omagari tubes’, Campanian, Hokkaido, Japan; A, OMG03-4a, hand specimen with many, similar-diameter tubes with brown walls encased in carbonate; B, OMG03-3b, detail of tube with brown wall, outer wall appears smooth; C, D, OMG03-1, cluster of tubes (C) with mineralized walls but not encased in carbonate, and detail of individual tubes (D); E, OMG03-2, tubes with brown walls in section; F, OMG03-4b, large-diameter tube in transverse section with wall comprised of many layers; G, OMG03-1, preserved tear in the wall of a tube suggesting an originally fibrous nature; H, clump of Omagari tubes (reproduced from Hikida et al. 2003). I, clump of the roots of the seep vestimentiferan Lamellibrachia luymesi (donated by C. Fisher). Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 5 mm; D, E = 2 mm; F = 500 µm; G = 50 µm; H, I = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883397/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="301">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Preserved tears of the tube wall reveal an originally fibrous nature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89033FFB43FF3FF7C4C16FFEA" box="[447,536,221,244]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[159,227,1742,1763]" captionTargetBox="[298,1327,184,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-1@14.[297,1329,183,1709]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. A–H, ‘Omagari tubes’, Campanian, Hokkaido, Japan; A, OMG03-4a, hand specimen with many, similar-diameter tubes with brown walls encased in carbonate; B, OMG03-3b, detail of tube with brown wall, outer wall appears smooth; C, D, OMG03-1, cluster of tubes (C) with mineralized walls but not encased in carbonate, and detail of individual tubes (D); E, OMG03-2, tubes with brown walls in section; F, OMG03-4b, large-diameter tube in transverse section with wall comprised of many layers; G, OMG03-1, preserved tear in the wall of a tube suggesting an originally fibrous nature; H, clump of Omagari tubes (reproduced from Hikida et al. 2003). I, clump of the roots of the seep vestimentiferan Lamellibrachia luymesi (donated by C. Fisher). Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 5 mm; D, E = 2 mm; F = 500 µm; G = 50 µm; H, I = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883397/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="301">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF1660D59032FFB53ED3F96F4D22F89C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883397" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883397/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="300" startId="14.[159,227,1742,1763]" targetBox="[298,1327,184,1707]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9032FFB53ED3F96F4D22F89C" blockId="14.[159,1467,1742,1922]" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53ED3F96F4F33F9FD" bold="true" box="[159,317,1742,1763]" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">Figure 8. A–H,</emphasis>
|
||
‘Omagari tubes’, Campanian, Hokkaido, Japan;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53D5FF96F4D24F9FD" bold="true" box="[787,810,1742,1763]" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">A,</emphasis>
|
||
OMG03-4a, hand specimen with many, similar-diameter tubes with brown walls encased in carbonate;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53FB8F9494C04F9E3" bold="true" box="[500,522,1768,1789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">B,</emphasis>
|
||
OMG03-3b, detail of tube with brown wall, outer wall appears smooth;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53A82F9494AF3F9E3" bold="true" box="[1230,1277,1768,1789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
, OMG03-1, cluster of tubes (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53EB2F8A24F01F806" bold="true" box="[254,271,1795,1816]" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">C</emphasis>
|
||
) with mineralized walls but not encased in carbonate, and detail of individual tubes (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53A16F8A24A65F806" bold="true" box="[1114,1131,1795,1816]" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">D</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53ACEF8A24A96F806" bold="true" box="[1154,1176,1795,1816]" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">E,</emphasis>
|
||
OMG03-2, tubes with brown walls in section;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53F0FF8BC4F59F82C" bold="true" box="[323,343,1821,1842]" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">F,</emphasis>
|
||
OMG03-4b, large-diameter tube in transverse section with wall comprised of many layers;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53A82F8BC4AE9F82C" bold="true" box="[1230,1255,1821,1842]" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">G,</emphasis>
|
||
OMG03-1, preserved tear in the wall of a tube suggesting an originally fibrous nature;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53D67F8994D4DF853" bold="true" box="[811,835,1848,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">H,</emphasis>
|
||
clump of Omagari tubes (reproduced from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9032FFB53AB4F8994BA3F853" author="Hikida, Y. & Suzuki, S. & Togo, Y. & Ijiri, A." box="[1272,1453,1848,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="300" pagination="329 - 342" refId="ref23222" refString="Hikida, Y., Suzuki, S., Togo, Y. & Ijiri, A. 2003. An exceptionally well-preserved fossil seep community from the Cretaceous Yezo Group in the Nakagawa area, Hokkaido, northern Japan. Paleontological Research, 7, 329 - 342." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Hikida
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53B0EF8994B7BF853" box="[1346,1397,1848,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53ED3F8F34EA0F879" bold="true" box="[159,174,1874,1895]" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">I,</emphasis>
|
||
clump of the roots of the seep vestimentiferan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694BDE9032FFB53C33F8F34D6DF879" authorityName="van der Land & Norrevang" authorityYear="1975" box="[639,867,1874,1895]" class="Polychaeta" family="Siboglinidae" genus="Lamellibrachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="300" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="luymesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53C33F8F34D6DF879" box="[639,867,1874,1895]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">Lamellibrachia luymesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(donated by C. Fisher). Scale bars: A
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53A91F8F34AFEF876" bold="true" box="[1245,1264,1874,1896]" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">=</emphasis>
|
||
10 mm; B
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53B2DF8F34B7AF876" bold="true" box="[1377,1396,1874,1896]" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">=</emphasis>
|
||
1 mm; C
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53EF9F8CD4EC6F89C" bold="true" box="[181,200,1900,1922]" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">=</emphasis>
|
||
5 mm; D, E
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53F0EF8CD4F5BF89C" bold="true" box="[322,341,1900,1922]" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">=</emphasis>
|
||
2 mm; F
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53FFDF8CD4FCAF89C" bold="true" box="[433,452,1900,1922]" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">=</emphasis>
|
||
500
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53FBFF8CD4C0DF89C" box="[499,515,1900,1922]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m; G
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53C76F8CD4C43F89C" bold="true" box="[570,589,1900,1922]" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">=</emphasis>
|
||
50
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53C3CF8CD4C8EF89C" box="[624,640,1900,1922]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m; H, I
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9032FFB53C86F8CD4CD3F89C" bold="true" box="[714,733,1900,1922]" pageId="14" pageNumber="300">=</emphasis>
|
||
20 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37363D69033FFB43ED3FEB74CBAFC15" pageId="15" pageNumber="301" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9033FFB43ED3FEB74CBAFC15" blockId="15.[159,782,278,779]" pageId="15" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9033FFB43ED3FEB74F00FE33" bold="true" box="[159,270,278,301]" pageId="15" pageNumber="301">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
These tubes were interpreted as those of vestimentiferans by earlier work (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9033FFB43F93FE974CA6FE53" author="Hikida, Y. & Suzuki, S. & Togo, Y. & Ijiri, A." box="[479,680,310,333]" pageId="15" pageNumber="301" pagination="329 - 342" refId="ref23222" refString="Hikida, Y., Suzuki, S., Togo, Y. & Ijiri, A. 2003. An exceptionally well-preserved fossil seep community from the Cretaceous Yezo Group in the Nakagawa area, Hokkaido, northern Japan. Paleontological Research, 7, 329 - 342." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Hikida
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9033FFB43C7EFE974C65FE53" box="[562,619,310,333]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="301">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but are difficult to identify owing to their lack of ornamentation. They fall among siboglinids when more homoplasy is permitted in the cladistic analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89033FFB43FB9FE344C5BFEB2" box="[501,597,405,428]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="34.[159,227,1279,1300]" captionTargetBox="[173,1453,183,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-219@34.[173,1453,183,1247]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 23. Strict consensus cladograms constructed using a total of 64 modern and fossil annelid taxa and 48 mostly morphological tube characters. Analyses were performed using implied character weighting, with the concavity constant set as default (k = 3; A), and also set to downweight homoplastic characters less (k = 4; B). Numbers on nodes represent groups present/contradicted support values. Modern taxa are coloured according to taxonomic groups; fossil taxa are in grey. A, consensus of 271 most parsimonious trees (best score = 15.387, consistency index = 0.195, retention index = 0.264); B, consensus of 60 most parsimonious trees (best score = 13.568, consistency index = 0.232, retention index = 0.569). Symbols/colours indicate taxonomic affinities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883427/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="301">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tubes were clearly organic, due to preserved wall tears that reveal a fibrous nature. Transverse ornamentation typical of some frenulates or chaetopterids is absent, and the size and clumped nature of the tubes, combined with walls that are sometimes thick and neatly multi-layered, suggests that the Omagari tubes are most likely the roots/posterior portions of vestimentiferan tubes. The morphology of Omagari tube clumps very closely resembles a clump of the roots of the seep vestimentiferan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694BDE9033FFB43C42FD154D00FDD5" authorityName="van der Land & Norrevang" authorityYear="1975" box="[526,782,692,715]" class="Polychaeta" family="Siboglinidae" genus="Lamellibrachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="301" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="luymesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9033FFB43C42FD154D00FDD5" box="[526,782,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="301">Lamellibrachia luymesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89033FFB43EE4FD754F11FDF5" box="[168,287,724,747]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[159,227,1742,1763]" captionTargetBox="[298,1327,184,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-1@14.[297,1329,183,1709]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. A–H, ‘Omagari tubes’, Campanian, Hokkaido, Japan; A, OMG03-4a, hand specimen with many, similar-diameter tubes with brown walls encased in carbonate; B, OMG03-3b, detail of tube with brown wall, outer wall appears smooth; C, D, OMG03-1, cluster of tubes (C) with mineralized walls but not encased in carbonate, and detail of individual tubes (D); E, OMG03-2, tubes with brown walls in section; F, OMG03-4b, large-diameter tube in transverse section with wall comprised of many layers; G, OMG03-1, preserved tear in the wall of a tube suggesting an originally fibrous nature; H, clump of Omagari tubes (reproduced from Hikida et al. 2003). I, clump of the roots of the seep vestimentiferan Lamellibrachia luymesi (donated by C. Fisher). Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 5 mm; D, E = 2 mm; F = 500 µm; G = 50 µm; H, I = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883397/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="301">Fig. 8H, I</figureCitation>
|
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). We therefore tentatively suggest that the Omagari tubes may be vestimentiferan tube roots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |