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<mods:title id="76C69013FE1B55299F21E9FD9156829C">New taxa, new synonymies and new host records in the louse genus Halipeurus (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) parasitic on petrels (Aves: Procellariiformes)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E2457C2B0BB139DEF89BE7278F28154A">Palma, Ricardo L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="BC30D1FCC4C4C3C85098B645AFD77555">2011</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C30C1699FFC3FFF0FF66046CBED57B98" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA94512FFC3FFF0FF66046CBD507BB9" blockId="36.[151,637,1654,1713]" box="[151,637,1654,1680]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<heading id="D0E1F27EFFC3FFF0FF66046CBD507BB9" bold="true" box="[151,637,1654,1680]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFC3FFF0FF66046CBD507BB9" authority="Timmermann, 1960" authorityName="Timmermann" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,637,1654,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Halipeurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallacis">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC3FFF0FF66046CBD507BB9" bold="true" box="[151,637,1654,1680]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC3FFF0FF66046CBE527BB9" bold="true" box="[151,383,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Halipeurus fallacis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8738E3FFC3FFF0FE77046CBD507BB9" author="Timmermann" box="[390,637,1654,1680]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Timmermann, G. (1960) Gruppen-Revisionen bei Mallophagen. II. Genus Halipeurus Thompson 1936. 1. Teil: Die Halipeurus - Arten der &quot; gadfly-petrels &quot; (Genera Pterodroma und Bulweria). Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 20, 317 - 334." type="journal article" year="1960">Timmermann, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA94512FFC3FFF0FF660483BED57B98" blockId="36.[151,637,1654,1713]" box="[151,504,1689,1713]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
(
<figureCitation id="132D5997FFC3FFF0FF6E0483BFD97B98" box="[159,244,1689,1713]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 12" captionStartId="6.[151,258,853,874]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,163,818]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,153,840]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 3 12. Male clypeal signature (hyaline margin omitted): 3, Halipeurus confusus. 4, Halipeurus pricei. 5, Halipeurus atlanticus. 6, Halipeurus pelagodromae. 7, Halipeurus pelagicus. 8, Halipeurus vincesmithi. 9, Halipeurus spadix subclavus. 10, Halipeurus raphanus. 11, Halipeurus fallacis. 12, Halipeurus nesofregettae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278617/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs 11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132D5997FFC3FFF0FEF10483BE337B98" box="[256,286,1689,1713]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 19" captionStartId="8.[151,258,511,532]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,155,466]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,141,487]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 15 19. Female clypeal signature (hyaline margin omitted): 15, Halipeurus pricei. 16, Halipeurus atlanticus. 17, Halipeurus raphanus. 18, Halipeurus fallacis. 19, Halipeurus nesofregettae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278619/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132D5997FFC3FFF0FEDB0483BE657B98" box="[298,328,1689,1713]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 37" captionStartId="16.[151,257,1360,1381]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,152,1334]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,135,1387]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 34 37. Ventral view of male terminalia: 34, Halipeurus vincesmithi. 35, Halipeurus nesofregettae. 36, Halipeurus raphanus. 37, Halipeurus fallacis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278624/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">37</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132D5997FFC3FFF0FEA50483BE5F7B98" box="[340,370,1689,1713]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 53" captionStartId="34.[151,257,1982,2003]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,294,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,285,1958]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 49 53. Ventral view of female terminalia: 49, Halipeurus vincesmithi. 50, Halipeurus nesofregettae. 51, Halipeurus fallacis. 52, Halipeurus raphanus. 53, Halipeurus noctivagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278629/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">51</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132D5997FFC3FFF0FE8F0483BEB17B98" box="[382,412,1689,1713]" captionStart="FIGURES 61 65" captionStartId="37.[151,258,1758,1779]" captionTargetBox="[164,1403,187,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,173,1775]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 61 65. Male genitalia, dorsal view: 61, Halipeurus fallacis. 62, Halipeurus angusticeps. 63, Halipeurus pelagodromae. 64, Halipeurus spadix subclavus. 65, Halipeurus pricei." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278632/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">61</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132D5997FFC3FFF0FE590483BEDD7B98" box="[424,496,1689,1713]" captionStart="FIGURES 68 69" captionStartId="39.[151,257,2009,2030]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,196,1990]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[176,1420,177,2017]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 68 69. Halipeurus fallacis: 68, habitus of male holotype. 69, habitus of female allotype. Scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278634/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">6869</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C1699FFC3FFF0FF6604FBBDFA7A7B" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA94512FFC3FFF0FF6604FBBC6C7A3C" blockId="36.[151,1358,1761,1875]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB06623CFFC3FFF0FF6604FBBC6C7A3C" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFC3FFF0FF6604FBBD707BDF" authority="Timmermann, 1960: 328" authorityName="Timmermann" authorityPageNumber="328" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,605,1761,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Halipeurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallacis">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC3FFF0FF6604FBBE777BDE" box="[151,346,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Halipeurus fallacis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AB76303FFC3FFF0FE9104FBBD707BDF" author="Timmermann" box="[352,605,1761,1783]" page="328" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1960">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8738E3FFC3FFF0FE9104FBBD067BDE" author="Timmermann" box="[352,555,1761,1783]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Timmermann, G. (1960) Gruppen-Revisionen bei Mallophagen. II. Genus Halipeurus Thompson 1936. 1. Teil: Die Halipeurus - Arten der &quot; gadfly-petrels &quot; (Genera Pterodroma und Bulweria). Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 20, 317 - 334." type="journal article" year="1960">Timmermann, 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 328
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 12.
<typeStatus id="54ADFBB0FFC3FFF0FD4604F8BDC47BDE" box="[695,745,1762,1783]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Type</typeStatus>
host:
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFC3FFF0FCD604FBBB767BDE" ID-CoL="68RVS" authority="Jouanin, 1955" authorityName="Jouanin" authorityYear="1955" box="[807,1115,1761,1783]" class="Aves" family="Procellariidae" genus="Bulweria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC3FFF0FCD604FBBCE97BDE" box="[807,964,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bulweria fallax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8738E3FFC3FFF0FC3B04FBBB767BDE" author="Jouanin" box="[970,1115,1761,1783]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Jouanin, C. (1955) Une nouvelle espece de procellariide. L'Oiseau et la Revue Francaise d'Ornithologie, 25, 155 - 161." type="journal article" year="1955">Jouanin, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54ADFBB0FFC3FFF0FB9404FBBBEE7BDE" box="[1125,1219,1761,1783]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<quantity id="4CEEE8F7FFC3FFF0FB3804FBBBDA7BDE" box="[1225,1271,1761,1783]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
NHML.
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFC3FFF0FF6604E5BECF7A3C" box="[151,482,1791,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Halipeurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallacis" subGenus="Halipeurus">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC3FFF0FF6604E5BE247A3C" box="[151,265,1791,1813]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Halipeurus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC3FFF0FEE604E5BEA47A3C" box="[279,393,1791,1813]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Halipeurus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC3FFF0FE6904E5BECF7A3C" box="[408,482,1791,1813]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">fallacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB76303FFC3FFF0FE0104E5BDC07A3C" author="Timmermann" box="[496,749,1791,1813]" page="149" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8738E3FFC3FFF0FE0104E5BD917A3C" author="Timmermann" box="[496,700,1791,1813]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Timmermann, G. (1965) Die Federlingsfauna der Sturmvogel und die Phylogenese des procellariiformen Vogelstammes. Abhandlungen und Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, N. F. 8 (Supplement), 1 - 245, pl. 1 - 12." type="book chapter" year="1965">Timmermann, 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 149
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 91.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA94512FFC3FFF0FF660504BD027A1D" blockId="36.[151,1358,1761,1875]" box="[151,559,1822,1844]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB06623CFFC3FFF0FF660504BD027A1D" box="[151,559,1822,1844]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFC3FFF0FF660504BE777A1D" box="[151,346,1822,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Halipeurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallacis">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC3FFF0FF660504BE777A1D" box="[151,346,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Halipeurus fallacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB76303FFC3FFF0FE960504BD067A1D" author="Zonfrillo" box="[359,555,1822,1844]" page="74" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8738E3FFC3FFF0FE960504BD287A1D" author="Zonfrillo" box="[359,517,1822,1844]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Zonfrillo, B. (1988) Notes and comments on the taxonomy of Jouanin's petrel Bulweria fallax and Bulwer's petrel Bulweria bulwerii. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 108 (2), 71 - 75." type="journal article" year="1988">Zonfrillo, 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 74
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA94512FFC3FFF0FF660527BDFA7A7B" blockId="36.[151,1358,1761,1875]" box="[151,727,1853,1875]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB06623CFFC3FFF0FF660527BDFA7A7B" box="[151,727,1853,1875]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFC3FFF0FF660527BECF7A7A" box="[151,482,1853,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Halipeurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallacis" subGenus="Halipeurus">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC3FFF0FF660527BE247A7A" box="[151,265,1853,1875]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Halipeurus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC3FFF0FEE60527BEA47A7A" box="[279,393,1853,1875]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Halipeurus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC3FFF0FE690527BECF7A7A" box="[408,482,1853,1875]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">fallacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB76303FFC3FFF0FE010527BDFE7A7B" author="Price" box="[496,723,1853,1875]" page="187" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8738E3FFC3FFF0FE010527BD8D7A7B" author="Price" box="[496,672,1853,1875]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A., Palma, R. L., Johnson, K. P. &amp; Clayton, D. H. (2003) The chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24, x + 501 pp." type="book" year="2003">
Price
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC3FFF0FDDB0524BD737A7A" box="[554,606,1853,1875]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
, 2003
</bibRefCitation>
: 187
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C1699FFC3FFF0FF660565BFC07AF6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA94512FFC3FFF0FF660565BFC07AF6" blockId="36.[151,1436,1919,2015]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
DIAGNOSIS:
<collectingCountry id="F3010582FFC3FFF0FECF0565BE517ABE" box="[318,380,1919,1943]" name="Malta" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Male</collectingCountry>
: habitus as in
<figureCitation id="132D5997FFC3FFF0FDEC0565BD5F7ABE" box="[541,626,1919,1943]" captionStart="FIGURES 68 69" captionStartId="39.[151,257,2009,2030]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,196,1990]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[176,1420,177,2017]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 68 69. Halipeurus fallacis: 68, habitus of male holotype. 69, habitus of female allotype. Scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278634/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
.; clypeal signature as in
<figureCitation id="132D5997FFC3FFF0FC790565BCF47ABE" box="[904,985,1919,1943]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 12" captionStartId="6.[151,258,853,874]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,163,818]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,153,840]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 3 12. Male clypeal signature (hyaline margin omitted): 3, Halipeurus confusus. 4, Halipeurus pricei. 5, Halipeurus atlanticus. 6, Halipeurus pelagodromae. 7, Halipeurus pelagicus. 8, Halipeurus vincesmithi. 9, Halipeurus spadix subclavus. 10, Halipeurus raphanus. 11, Halipeurus fallacis. 12, Halipeurus nesofregettae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278617/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
; terminalia (ventral view) as in
<figureCitation id="132D5997FFC3FFF0FAB50565BABA7ABE" box="[1348,1431,1919,1943]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 37" captionStartId="16.[151,257,1360,1381]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,152,1334]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,135,1387]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 34 37. Ventral view of male terminalia: 34, Halipeurus vincesmithi. 35, Halipeurus nesofregettae. 36, Halipeurus raphanus. 37, Halipeurus fallacis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278624/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
; genitalia as in
<figureCitation id="132D5997FFC3FFF0FECB05B9BEA17A92" box="[314,396,1955,1979]" captionStart="FIGURES 61 65" captionStartId="37.[151,258,1758,1779]" captionTargetBox="[164,1403,187,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,173,1775]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 61 65. Male genitalia, dorsal view: 61, Halipeurus fallacis. 62, Halipeurus angusticeps. 63, Halipeurus pelagodromae. 64, Halipeurus spadix subclavus. 65, Halipeurus pricei." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278632/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
. Female: habitus as in
<figureCitation id="132D5997FFC3FFF0FD7D05B9BDF37A92" box="[652,734,1955,1979]" captionStart="FIGURES 68 69" captionStartId="39.[151,257,2009,2030]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,196,1990]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[176,1420,177,2017]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 68 69. Halipeurus fallacis: 68, habitus of male holotype. 69, habitus of female allotype. Scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278634/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
; clypeal signature as in
<figureCitation id="132D5997FFC3FFF0FC1A05B9BB137A92" box="[1003,1086,1955,1979]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 19" captionStartId="8.[151,258,511,532]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,155,466]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,141,487]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 15 19. Female clypeal signature (hyaline margin omitted): 15, Halipeurus pricei. 16, Halipeurus atlanticus. 17, Halipeurus raphanus. 18, Halipeurus fallacis. 19, Halipeurus nesofregettae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278619/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
; terminalia (ventral view) as in
<figureCitation id="132D5997FFC3FFF0FF6605DDBFC47AF6" box="[151,233,1991,2015]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 53" captionStartId="34.[151,257,1982,2003]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,294,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,285,1958]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 49 53. Ventral view of female terminalia: 49, Halipeurus vincesmithi. 50, Halipeurus nesofregettae. 51, Halipeurus fallacis. 52, Halipeurus raphanus. 53, Halipeurus noctivagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278629/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF69159AFFC2FFF1FF6604C4BD827A39" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278632/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[164,1403,187,1734]" targetPageId="37">
<paragraph id="8BA94512FFC2FFF1FF6604C4BD827A39" blockId="37.[151,1436,1758,1808]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC2FFF1FF6604C4BE697BDA" bold="true" box="[151,324,1758,1779]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FIGURES 6165</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC2FFF1FEA004C4BDA17BDA" bold="true" box="[337,652,1758,1779]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Male genitalia, dorsal view: 61</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFC2FFF1FD6804C4BC7E7BDA" box="[665,851,1758,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Halipeurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallacis">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC2FFF1FD6804C4BC7E7BDA" box="[665,851,1758,1779]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Halipeurus fallacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC2FFF1FCAE04C4BC5A7BDA" bold="true" box="[863,887,1758,1779]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">62</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFC2FFF1FC7504C4BB457BDA" box="[900,1128,1758,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Halipeurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC2FFF1FC7504C4BB457BDA" box="[900,1128,1758,1779]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Halipeurus angusticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC2FFF1FB8404C4BBA07BDA" bold="true" box="[1141,1165,1758,1779]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">63</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFC2FFF1FB6B04C4BABB7BDA" box="[1178,1430,1758,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Halipeurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pelagodromae">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC2FFF1FB6B04C4BABB7BDA" box="[1178,1430,1758,1779]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Halipeurus pelagodromae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC2FFF1FF6604E1BF827A39" bold="true" box="[151,175,1787,1808]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">64</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFC2FFF1FF4A04E1BEE27A39" box="[187,463,1787,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Halipeurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="spadix" subSpecies="subclavus">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC2FFF1FF4A04E1BEE27A39" box="[187,463,1787,1808]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Halipeurus spadix subclavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC2FFF1FE2D04E1BED97A39" bold="true" box="[476,500,1787,1808]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">65</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFC2FFF1FDF104E1BD847A39" box="[512,681,1787,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Halipeurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pricei">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC2FFF1FDF104E1BD847A39" box="[512,681,1787,1808]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Halipeurus pricei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30C1699FFC2FFF1FF660524BD5D7A7C" box="[151,624,1853,1877]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA94512FFC2FFF1FF660524BD5D7A7C" blockId="37.[151,1435,1853,2024]" box="[151,624,1853,1877]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC2FFF1FF660524BE147A7C" box="[151,313,1854,1877]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Measurements</emphasis>
of both sexes as in
<tableCitation id="C69470A9FFC2FFF1FDE70527BD447A7C" box="[534,617,1853,1877]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,231,622,643]" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) of Halipeurus species (means; ranges in parentheses)" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C1699FFC2FFF1FF66057BBD1F7ACE" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA94512FFC2FFF1FF66057BBEED7A50" blockId="37.[151,1435,1853,2024]" box="[151,448,1889,1913]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">MATERIAL EXAMINED</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA94512FFC2FFF1FF66059FBFF77AB4" blockId="37.[151,1435,1853,2024]" box="[151,218,1925,1949]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<typeStatus id="54ADFBB0FFC2FFF1FF66059FBFF77AB4" box="[151,218,1925,1949]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC2FFF1FF66059FBFF77AB4" bold="true" box="[151,218,1925,1949]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Types</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA94512FFC2FFF1FF6605B6BD1F7ACE" blockId="37.[151,1435,1853,2024]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Ex
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFC2FFF1FF3305B1BE577AED" box="[194,378,1963,1988]" class="Aves" family="Procellariidae" genus="Bulweria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC2FFF1FF3305B1BE577AED" bold="true" box="[194,378,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Bulweria fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<typeStatus id="54ADFBB0FFC2FFF1FE7C05B1BED87AEA" box="[397,501,1963,1987]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
3, allotype Ƥ, Indian Ocean, East of
<collectingCountry id="F3010582FFC2FFF1FC3205B1BB307AEA" box="[963,1053,1963,1987]" name="Yemen" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Sokotra</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2223D5FFC2FFF1FBDC05B1BBBF7AEA" box="[1069,1170,1960,1987]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="925" value="12.066667">12o04N-</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2223D5FFC2FFF1FB6305B1BBDD7AEA" box="[1170,1264,1960,1987]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="925" value="57.733334">57o44E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFA863D2FFC2FFF1FAF105B1BAB57AEA" box="[1280,1432,1963,1988]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1953-08-06">6 Aug. 1953</date>
, W.W.A. Phillips (
<collectionCode id="ED07DDD7FFC2FFF1FEAA05D5BE827ACE" box="[347,431,1999,2023]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/49nc-28y0" name="Natural History Museum, Tripoli" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">NHML</collectionCode>
1953-736).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF69159AFFC1FFF2FF6605C8BA697ACE" box="[151,1348,2002,2024]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278633/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" targetBox="[274,1310,198,1975]" targetPageId="38">
<paragraph id="8BA94512FFC1FFF2FF6605C8BA697ACE" blockId="38.[151,1348,2002,2024]" box="[151,1348,2002,2024]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC1FFF2FF6605C8BE6E7ACE" bold="true" box="[151,323,2002,2023]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">FIGURES 6667</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFC1FFF2FEBE05C9BD497AC1" box="[335,612,2003,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Halipeurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="spadix" subSpecies="subclavus">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC1FFF2FEBE05C9BD497AC1" box="[335,612,2003,2024]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Halipeurus spadix subclavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC1FFF2FD8005C8BDA47ACE" bold="true" box="[625,649,2002,2023]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">66</emphasis>
, habitus of male holotype.
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC1FFF2FC7F05C8BC8B7ACE" bold="true" box="[910,934,2002,2023]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">67</emphasis>
, habitus of female allotype. Scale = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF69159AFFC0FFF3FF6605C3BBCA7AC7" box="[151,1255,2009,2030]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278634/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[209,1380,196,1990]" targetPageId="39">
<paragraph id="8BA94512FFC0FFF3FF6605C3BBCA7AC7" blockId="39.[151,1255,2009,2030]" box="[151,1255,2009,2030]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC0FFF3FF6605C3BE6E7AC7" bold="true" box="[151,323,2009,2030]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FIGURES 6869</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFC0FFF3FEBE05C3BD257AC7" box="[335,520,2009,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Halipeurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallacis">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC0FFF3FEBE05C3BD257AC7" box="[335,520,2009,2030]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Halipeurus fallacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC0FFF3FDE505C3BD017AC7" bold="true" box="[532,556,2009,2030]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">68</emphasis>
, habitus of male holotype.
<emphasis id="B9629900FFC0FFF3FCC305C3BC677AC7" bold="true" box="[818,842,2009,2030]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">69</emphasis>
, habitus of female allotype. Scale = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30C1699FFCFFFFCFF66028DBD567E1E" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA94512FFCFFFFCFF66028DBC0F7CAE" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,824]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
DISCUSSION: The
<bibRefCitation id="EF8738E3FFCFFFFCFE71028DBD477D86" author="Timmermann" box="[384,618,151,175]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Timmermann, G. (1960) Gruppen-Revisionen bei Mallophagen. II. Genus Halipeurus Thompson 1936. 1. Teil: Die Halipeurus - Arten der &quot; gadfly-petrels &quot; (Genera Pterodroma und Bulweria). Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 20, 317 - 334." type="journal article" year="1960">Timmermann (1960)</bibRefCitation>
description of
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFCFFFFCFCE60282BCDD7D99" box="[791,1008,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Halipeurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallacis">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFCFFFFCFCE60282BCDD7D99" box="[791,1008,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Halipeurus fallacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is brief. Besides measurements and a comparison with
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFCFFFFCFEAC02A7BEDC7DFD" box="[349,497,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Halipeurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulweriae">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFCFFFFCFEAC02A7BEDC7DFD" box="[349,497,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">H. bulweriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which he regarded as the closest species, the description includes only one schematic illustration of the male genitalia. Apart from the two
<typeStatus id="54ADFBB0FFCFFFFCFCC102FABC437DD1" box="[816,878,224,248]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">types</typeStatus>
, no additional specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFCFFFFCFB5E02FBBA0E7DD1" box="[1199,1315,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Halipeurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallacis">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFCFFFFCFB5E02FBBA0E7DD1" box="[1199,1315,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">H. fallacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been reported in the literature and I have been unable to obtain any further specimen. Considering the rarity of
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFCFFFFCFACD031FBF9B7C69" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Halipeurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallacis">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFCFFFFCFACD031FBF9B7C69" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">H. fallacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the paucity of specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFCFFFFCFDD50332BDFC7C69" box="[548,721,296,320]" class="Aves" family="Procellariidae" genus="Bulweria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFCFFFFCFDD50332BDFC7C69" box="[548,721,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Bulweria fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
available in collections, in addition to the difficulties to identify the host correctly (see
<bibRefCitation id="EF8738E3FFCFFFFCFE690356BD6A7C4D" author="Zonfrillo" box="[408,583,332,356]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Zonfrillo, B. (1988) Notes and comments on the taxonomy of Jouanin's petrel Bulweria fallax and Bulwer's petrel Bulweria bulwerii. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 108 (2), 71 - 75." type="journal article" year="1988">Zonfrillo, 1988</bibRefCitation>
), I include additional illustrations of key features and habitus of both sexes of
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFCFFFFCFF44036BBE047CA1" box="[181,297,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Halipeurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallacis">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFCFFFFCFF44036BBE047CA1" box="[181,297,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">H. fallacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to facilitate the identification of this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA94512FFCFFFFCFF36038EBD567E1E" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,824]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
The petrel that became the
<typeStatus id="54ADFBB0FFCFFFFCFE04038FBD087C84" box="[501,549,405,429]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
host of
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFCFFFFCFD8E038FBDD97C85" box="[639,756,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Halipeurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallacis">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFCFFFFCFD8E038FBDD97C85" box="[639,756,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">H. fallacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally identified and published by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8738E3FFCFFFFCFB26038EBFE77CE6" author="Alexander" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Alexander, W. B. (1954) Notes on Pterodroma aterrima Bonaparte. The Ibis, 96, 489 - 491." type="journal article" year="1954">Alexander (1954: 489)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFCFFFFCFF1E03A2BD9F7CE6" authority="Bonaparte, 1857" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1857" box="[239,690,439,464]" class="Aves" family="Procellariidae" genus="Pterodroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aterrima">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFCFFFFCFF1E03A2BEF07CF9" box="[239,477,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pterodroma aterrima</emphasis>
(Bonaparte, 1857)
</taxonomicName>
, the Mascarene black petrel. That petrel was caught alive on board a ship, examined, measured, sketched, deloused and then released. Jouanin published his new species
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFCFFFFCFAF903C6BF947F31" class="Aves" family="Procellariidae" genus="Bulweria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFCFFFFCFAF903C6BF947F31" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Bulweria fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 1955. Therefore, the host name attached to the lice that became the
<typeStatus id="54ADFBB0FFCFFFFCFC0F001ABB147F31" box="[1022,1081,512,536]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">types</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFCFFFFCFB94001BBBF07F31" box="[1125,1245,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Halipeurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallacis">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFCFFFFCFB94001BBBF07F31" box="[1125,1245,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">H. fallacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
must have been changed to
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFCFFFFCFEEC003FBE527F15" box="[285,383,548,572]" class="Aves" family="Procellariidae" genus="Bulweria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFCFFFFCFEEC003FBE527F15" box="[285,383,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the NHML—albeit without a re-examination of the actual bird—prior to Timmermanns (1960) publication. The identity of the petrel reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8738E3FFCFFFFCFCD9005DBCDD7F76" author="Alexander" box="[808,1008,583,607]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Alexander, W. B. (1954) Notes on Pterodroma aterrima Bonaparte. The Ibis, 96, 489 - 491." type="journal article" year="1954">Alexander (1954)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFCFFFFCFBE80053BBB57F49" box="[1049,1176,585,608]" class="Aves" family="Procellariidae" genus="Pterodroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aterrima">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFCFFFFCFBE80053BBB57F49" box="[1049,1176,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P. aterrima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been discussed by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8738E3FFCFFFFCFF660076BE5C7FAD" author="Jouanin" box="[151,369,620,644]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Jouanin, C. (1957) Les procellariides melaniques signales en Mer d'Oman. L'Oiseau et la Revue Francaise d'Ornithologie, 27, 12 - 27." type="journal article" year="1957">Jouanin (1957: 19)</bibRefCitation>
. He admits that the descriptive data given by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8738E3FFCFFFFCFC730076BB677FAD" author="Alexander" box="[898,1098,620,644]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Alexander, W. B. (1954) Notes on Pterodroma aterrima Bonaparte. The Ibis, 96, 489 - 491." type="journal article" year="1954">Alexander (1954)</bibRefCitation>
does not clearly fit either
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFCFFFFCFA8D0077BFD47F81" class="Aves" family="Procellariidae" genus="Pterodroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aterrima">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFCFFFFCFA8D0077BFD47F81" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pt. aterrima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFCFFFFCFEEC008BBE517F81" box="[285,380,656,680]" class="Aves" family="Procellariidae" genus="Bulweria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFCFFFFCFEEC008BBE517F81" box="[285,380,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but, considering the geographical coordinates where the bird was captured,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8738E3FFCFFFFCFB3B0095BAB17F8E" author="Jouanin" box="[1226,1436,655,679]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Jouanin, C. (1957) Les procellariides melaniques signales en Mer d'Oman. L'Oiseau et la Revue Francaise d'Ornithologie, 27, 12 - 27." type="journal article" year="1957">Jouanin (1957: 19)</bibRefCitation>
believes it was more likely
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFCFFFFCFE3600AFBD087FE5" box="[455,549,692,716]" class="Aves" family="Procellariidae" genus="Bulweria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFCFFFFCFE3600AFBD087FE5" box="[455,549,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Obviously, without a voucher specimen to support a definite identification, the identity of that petrel will remain forever in doubt. The uncertainty opens the possibility that the identity of the
<typeStatus id="54ADFBB0FFCFFFFCFA9A00C3BAB67FD8" box="[1387,1435,729,753]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
host of
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFCFFFFCFF1C00E7BE4E7E3D" box="[237,355,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Halipeurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallacis">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFCFFFFCFF1C00E7BE4E7E3D" box="[237,355,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">H. fallacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be in error. New louse collections from authenticated
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFCFFFFCFBF500E7BB4E7E3D" box="[1028,1123,764,788]" class="Aves" family="Procellariidae" genus="Bulweria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFCFFFFCFBF500E7BB4E7E3D" box="[1028,1123,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and/or
<taxonomicName id="4C163E91FFCFFFFCFB4D00E7BA6B7E3D" box="[1212,1350,765,788]" class="Aves" family="Procellariidae" genus="Pterodroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aterrima">
<emphasis id="B9629900FFCFFFFCFB4D00E7BA6B7E3D" box="[1212,1350,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pt. aterrima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will be extremely useful to clarify that uncertainty.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>