293 lines
37 KiB
XML
293 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="5BEDE279F290F5EA432C362B7EAD7ECA" ID-CLB-Dataset="305693" ID-DOI="10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a23" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a9445361-3a35-4c82-b718-a1ef71ff68a7" ID-ISSN="1777-571X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14224971" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:315BC2E8-5F5D-4F57-A265-B625969F5A3A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1732638312854" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Marciszak, Adrian, Hilpert, Brigitte & Ambros, Dieta" docDate="2024" docId="03BD87E9FFEF1D4CBD798F435FBCF5AE" docLanguage="en" docName="CRPalevol.23.23.339-383.pdf" docOrigin="Comptes Rendus Palevol 23 (23)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a23" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DACF86F01658A8850E13A63D98C287FD.1:CRPalevol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="DACF86F01658A8850E13A63D98C287FD" docStyleName="CRPalevol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Martes martes" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="348" masterDocId="FF84FF91FFE51D47BC6188715E18F65E" masterDocTitle="The remarkable record of mustelids from Hunas (Bavaria, Germany)" masterLastPageNumber="383" masterPageNumber="339" pageNumber="347" updateTime="1732924247835" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="BDC97DD34B89C49E2532497579452B65">The remarkable record of mustelids from Hunas (Bavaria, Germany)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="21BB9C7FA4CCFF625CA45FC7C9D6A8FB">Department of Paleozoology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50 - 335 Wrocław (Poland)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DC5471187869E626F44727F9B441B871" type="email">adrian.marciszak@uwr.edu.pl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="28C99CDAA7E4B32282C8107E00CA445B">Hilpert, Brigitte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3B99DFBFC506E62DEB7E10971128C8D2">GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paleobiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen (Germany)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C32789D75621AA32F361C6FC2DFD8739" type="email">brigitte-hilpert@gmx.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="BC291B14C1C093C0B27EED344E9CECA8">Ambros, Dieta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B8EDE5801FC37ADE5017BDBC338D305F">GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paleobiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen (Germany)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="05A60E5DFD8D36ED57E44776258480B6" type="email">dieta.ambros@fau.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="E378BB3752758E53822D3D3F5153F34F">Comptes Rendus Palevol</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4EB2B2D36F34267004D355D70EFAC2DF">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BD87E9FFEF1D4CBD798F435FBCF5AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14248859" ID-GBIF-Taxon="248070538" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14248859" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87E9FFEF1D4CBD798F435FBCF5AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87E9FFEF1D4CBD798F435FBCF5AE" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="348" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" scope_class="Mammalia" scope_family="Mustelidae" scope_infraOrder="Arctoidea" scope_order="Carnivora" scope_subOrder="Caniformia">
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<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEF1D4DBD798F435C6BF113" ID-CoL="3Y9W2" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[280,627,1842,1869]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martes">
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<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEF1D4DBD798F435FAAF112" bold="true" box="[280,434,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Martes martes</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1758)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30E6574FFEF1D4DBDE48F235C1EF132" box="[389,518,1874,1901]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEF1D4DBDE48F235C1EF132" blockId="10.[389,518,1874,1901]" box="[389,518,1874,1901]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEF1D4DBDEF8F235FE6F132" box="[398,510,1874,1901]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionText="FIG. 5. — Medium sized mustelids from Hunas: A, B, Martes martes (Linnaeus, 1758): A, right m1 (HHu 4099); B, right ulna (HHu 4098); C, D, Mustela putorius Linnaeus, 1758: C, left mandible (HHu 4605); D, right mandible (HHu 4606). Numbers: 1, buccal view; 2, lingual view; 3, occlusal view. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30E6574FFEF1D4DBCE58FF75AC4F757" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEF1D4DBCE58FF75C7EF1B2" blockId="10.[131,776,1925,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0411D1FFEF1D4DBCE58FF75C7EF1B2" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
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<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEF1D4DBCE58FF75EF5F1C2" box="[132,237,1925,1949]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEF1D4DBCE58FF75EDFF1C3" box="[132,199,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Martes</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB510EEFFEF1D4DBC948FF45FAAF1C3" author="HELLER F." box="[245,434,1925,1949]" page="209" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" year="1983">Heller, 1983: 209</treatmentCitation>
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. –
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB510EEFFEF1D4DBDB48FF45C92F1C3" author="GROISS J. T." box="[469,650,1925,1949]" page="354" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" year="1983">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFEF1D4DBDB48FF45C92F1C3" author="GROISS J. T." box="[469,650,1925,1949]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="351 - 376" refId="ref24106" refString="GROISS J. T. 1983. - Faunenzusammensetzung, Okologie und Altersdatierung der Fundstelle Hunas, in HELLER F. (ed.), Die Hohlenruine Hunas bei Hartmannshof (Landkreis Nurnberger Land). Eine palaontologische und urgeschichtliche Fundstelle aus dem Spat-Riss. Quartar-Bibliothek 4: 351 - 376." type="journal article" year="1983">Groiss 1983: 354</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
; table 48. –
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510EEFFEF1D4DBCE78FEE5FC4F1E9" author="KOENIGSWALD W. V. & HEINRICH W. - D." box="[134,476,1951,1975]" page="96" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" year="1999">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFEF1D4DBCE78FEE5FC4F1E9" author="KOENIGSWALD W. V. & HEINRICH W. - D." box="[134,476,1951,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="53 - 112" refId="ref25411" refString="KOENIGSWALD W. V. & HEINRICH W. - D. 1999. - Mittelpleistozane Saugetierfaunen aus Mitteleuropa - der Versuch einer biostratigraphischen Zuordnung. Kaupia 9: 53 - 112." type="journal article" year="1999">Koenigswald & Heinrich 1999: 96</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
. –
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510EEFFEF1D4DBD988FEE5CB0F1E9" author="AMBROS D. C." box="[505,680,1951,1975]" page="54" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" year="2006">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFEF1D4DBD988FEE5CB0F1E9" author="AMBROS D. C." box="[505,680,1951,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" refId="ref21813" refString="AMBROS D. C. 2006. - Morphologische und metrische Untersuchungen an Phalangen und Metapodien quartarer Musteliden unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Unterscheidung von Baum- und Steinmarder (Martes martes (Linne 1758) und Martes foina (Erxleben 1777 )). Der Andere Verlag, Tonning, Lubeck, Marburg, 103 p." type="book" year="2006">Ambros 2006: 54</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
; table 92. –
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510EEFFEF1D4DBCF78FCB5F5DF18C" author="BAUMANN CH" box="[150,325,1978,2002]" page="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" year="2011">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFEF1D4DBCF78FCB5F5DF18C" author="BAUMANN CH" box="[150,325,1978,2002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" refId="ref22153" refString="BAUMANN CH. 2011. - Kleinsaugerfunde aus drei Profilsaulen (N 2, Q 1, S 2) der mittel- bis spatpleistozanen Hohlenruine Hunas (Mittelfranken). Ein Beitrag zur biostratigraphischen und palaookologischen Auswertung der Fundstelle. Bachelorarbeit zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Bachelor of Arts, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena, Philosophische Fakultat, Ur- und Fruhgeschichte." type="journal volume" year="2011">Baumann 2011: 8</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
. –
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510EEFFEF1D4DBD3C8FCB5FE5F1B2" author="ROSENDAHL W. & AMBROS D. & HILPERT B. & HAMBACH U. & ALT K. W. & KNIPPING M. & REISCH L. & KAULICH B." page="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" year="2011">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFEF1D4DBD3C8FCB5FE5F1B2" author="ROSENDAHL W. & AMBROS D. & HILPERT B. & HAMBACH U. & ALT K. W. & KNIPPING M. & REISCH L. & KAULICH B." pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="15 - 23" refId="ref27368" refString="ROSENDAHL W., AMBROS D., HILPERT B., HAMBACH U., ALT K. W., KNIPPING M., REISCH L. & KAULICH B. 2011. - Neanderthals and monkeys in the Wurmian of Central Europe - The Middle Palaeolithic site of Hunas, Southern Germany, in CONARD N. J. & RICHTER J. (eds), Neanderthal lifeways, subsistence and technology - one hundred fifty years of Neanderthal study. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology 19 (4): 15 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 0415 - 2 - 3" type="journal article" year="2011">Rosendahl, Ambros, Hilpert, Hambach, Alt, Knipping, Reisch & Kaulich 2011: 19</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; table 3/2.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEF1D4DBF4C88A95AC4F757" blockId="10.[813,1455,215,265]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0411D1FFEF1D4DBF4C88A95AC4F757" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB510EEFFEF1D4DBF4C88A95A6BF757" author="ROSENDAHL W. & AMBROS D. & HILPERT B. & HAMBACH U. & ALT K. W. & KNIPPING M. & REISCH L. & KAULICH B." page="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" year="2011">
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<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEF1D4DBF4C88A95A6BF757" ID-CoL="3Y9W2" authority="Rosendahl, Ambros, Hilpert, Hambach, Alt, Knipping, Reisch & Kaulich 2011: 19" authorityName="Rosendahl, Ambros, Hilpert, Hambach, Alt, Knipping, Reisch & Kaulich" authorityPageNumber="19" authorityYear="2011" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martes">
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<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEF1D4DBF4C88A95DA9F6B1" box="[813,945,216,239]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Martes martes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFEF1D4DBFD888A65A6BF757" author="ROSENDAHL W. & AMBROS D. & HILPERT B. & HAMBACH U. & ALT K. W. & KNIPPING M. & REISCH L. & KAULICH B." pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="15 - 23" refId="ref27368" refString="ROSENDAHL W., AMBROS D., HILPERT B., HAMBACH U., ALT K. W., KNIPPING M., REISCH L. & KAULICH B. 2011. - Neanderthals and monkeys in the Wurmian of Central Europe - The Middle Palaeolithic site of Hunas, Southern Germany, in CONARD N. J. & RICHTER J. (eds), Neanderthal lifeways, subsistence and technology - one hundred fifty years of Neanderthal study. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology 19 (4): 15 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 0415 - 2 - 3" type="journal article" year="2011">Rosendahl, Ambros, Hilpert, Hambach, Alt, Knipping, Reisch & Kaulich 2011: 19</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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; table 3/2.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30E6574FFEF1D4DBF4C89505A4FF70D" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEF1D4DBF4C89505A4FF70D" blockId="10.[813,1455,289,339]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
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<materialsCitation id="3B7C3CA2FFEF1D4DBF4C89505A4BF70D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986898311" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" specimenCount="1">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D4DA023FFEF1D4DBF4C89505D88F769" baselines="306,307" box="[813,912,289,312]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Referred" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">REFERRED</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D4DA023FFEF1D4DBFF789565DECF766" baselines="308" box="[918,1012,295,312]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="material" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
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. — m1, proximal epiphysis of right ulna and distal half of left metapodium
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</materialsCitation>
|
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C30E6574FFEF1D4DBF4C89095B4AF2F1" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEF1D4DBF4C89095DA5F7CE" blockId="10.[811,1457,376,1199]" box="[813,957,376,402]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D4DA023FFEF1D4DBF4C89095DA5F7CE" baselines="395,395" box="[813,957,376,402]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEF1D4DBF4C89E65A15F50E" blockId="10.[811,1457,376,1199]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
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||
The right m1 belongs to a large, old specimen, with strongly abraded cusps (
|
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<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEF1D4DBFB889C65A01F78C" box="[985,1049,439,466]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionText="FIG. 5. — Medium sized mustelids from Hunas: A, B, Martes martes (Linnaeus, 1758): A, right m1 (HHu 4099); B, right ulna (HHu 4098); C, D, Mustela putorius Linnaeus, 1758: C, left mandible (HHu 4605); D, right mandible (HHu 4606). Numbers: 1, buccal view; 2, lingual view; 3, occlusal view. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, despite the wear, all features necessary for taxonomic determination are visible and morphometrical analysis is possible. The elongated m1 has a proportionally short, massive trigonid with a moderately high paraconid and prominent protoconid. The mesial margin of the trigonid is rounded, while the buccal margin is convex, and the lingual one is concave. The talonid possesses a straight lingual margin and blunt distal margin, while the buccal margin is slightly concave on the beginning and convex in the latter part. The oval metaconid is strong and well defined. The long and low talonid, with a low middle part, is broader than the trigonid. The internal talonid surface is shallow and smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEF1D4DBF228B245B4AF2F1" blockId="10.[811,1457,376,1199]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Together with this m1, a proximal epiphysis of a right ulna is also present. It is well preserved and belongs to an adult individual, with all sutures fused. The head is strongly curved latero-medially. The strong and short olecranon is square-shaped. Its apex is partly perforated by a small cavity surrounded by two fairly prominent tubercles. Its medial edge has a pronounced concavity. The trochlear notch for the humeral trochlea is broad and well developed and bears strongly pronounced medial expansion. The radial notch is also well marked. The lateral face is convex and has a clear interosseous border, which forms a shallow groove.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30E6574FFEF1D4CBF4C8CA45FBCF5AE" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="348" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEF1D4DBF4C8CA45D89F2B3" blockId="10.[811,1458,1237,2028]" box="[813,913,1237,1263]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DA023FFEF1D4DBF4C8CA45D89F2B3" baselines="1256,1256" box="[813,913,1237,1263]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEF1D4DBF4C8C855BBFF0D3" blockId="10.[811,1458,1237,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
|
||
Morphologically, the m1 of the Hunas marten closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEF1D4DBF018D645DC8F370" authorityName="Rosendahl, Ambros, Hilpert, Hambach, Alt, Knipping, Reisch & Kaulich" authorityYear="2011" box="[864,976,1301,1327]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEF1D4DBF018D645D61F370" box="[864,889,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEF1D4DBFEB8D645DC8F370" box="[906,976,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">martes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and differs from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEF1D4DB8908D645D7DF310" authority="Kretzoi, 1942" authorityName="Kretzoi" authorityYear="1942" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEF1D4DB8908D645B10F370" box="[1265,1288,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEF1D4DB9788D645B55F370" box="[1305,1357,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">vetus</emphasis>
|
||
Kretzoi, 1942
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEF1D4DBFF98D445AC0F310" authority="(Erxleben, 1777)" baseAuthorityName="Erxleben" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[920,1240,1332,1358]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEF1D4DBFF98D445A03F310" box="[920,1051,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Martes foina</emphasis>
|
||
(Erxleben, 1777)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEF1D4DB8878D455B3BF311" box="[1254,1315,1332,1359]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionText="FIG. 5. — Medium sized mustelids from Hunas: A, B, Martes martes (Linnaeus, 1758): A, right m1 (HHu 4099); B, right ulna (HHu 4098); C, D, Mustela putorius Linnaeus, 1758: C, left mandible (HHu 4605); D, right mandible (HHu 4606). Numbers: 1, buccal view; 2, lingual view; 3, occlusal view. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The Hunas specimen strongly resembles m1 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEF1D4DB8DB8D245B3CF330" authorityName="Rosendahl, Ambros, Hilpert, Hambach, Alt, Knipping, Reisch & Kaulich" authorityYear="2011" box="[1210,1316,1364,1390]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEF1D4DB8DB8D245AC9F330" box="[1210,1233,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEF1D4DB8818D245B3CF330" box="[1248,1316,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">martes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the short and low trigonid, broad and long talonid, strong metaconid and lack of the paraconid edge. This structure falls from the paraconid diagonally in a disto-lingual direction. It causes the tooth base to bulge lingually and a clear inner cavity between the metaconid and the paraconid edge is developed. The m1 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEF1D4DBF2D8E655DB3F073" baseAuthorityName="Erxleben" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[844,939,1555,1582]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEF1D4DBF2D8E655D7DF073" box="[844,869,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEF1D4DBF148E625DB3F073" box="[885,939,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">foina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterised by a proportionally high and long trigonid, small metaconid, presence of well-developed paraconid edge, and short and narrow talonid, with breadth that is on average smaller than that of the trigonid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEF1D4DB9388E025B8FF0D0" box="[1369,1431,1651,1678]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionText="FIG. 5. — Medium sized mustelids from Hunas: A, B, Martes martes (Linnaeus, 1758): A, right m1 (HHu 4099); B, right ulna (HHu 4098); C, D, Mustela putorius Linnaeus, 1758: C, left mandible (HHu 4605); D, right mandible (HHu 4606). Numbers: 1, buccal view; 2, lingual view; 3, occlusal view. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEF1D4CBF228EE25C37F70C" blockId="10.[811,1458,1237,2028]" lastBlockId="11.[130,777,216,1008]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="348" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
|
||
In all these features the m1 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEF1D4DB8EA8EE25AFEF0F3" baseAuthorityName="Erxleben" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[1163,1254,1683,1709]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEF1D4DB8EA8EE25ABBF0F2" box="[1163,1187,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEF1D4DB8D08EE25AFEF0F3" box="[1201,1254,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">foina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is so distinct from the Hunas marten that the possibility that this individual can be classified as this species is rejected. When compared to two basic indexes used to determine marten material, the Hunas specimens showed clear affiliation to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEF1D4DB8DB8F625B3CF172" authorityName="Rosendahl, Ambros, Hilpert, Hambach, Alt, Knipping, Reisch & Kaulich" authorityYear="2011" box="[1210,1316,1811,1837]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEF1D4DB8DB8F625ACAF172" box="[1210,1234,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEF1D4DB8818F625B3CF172" box="[1248,1316,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">martes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ratio of the talonid length to the trigonid length (L ta/L tr m1) in the Hunas specimen is 61.3 and stays closer to the mean of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEF1D4DBF4C8F025D81F1D2" authorityName="Rosendahl, Ambros, Hilpert, Hambach, Alt, Knipping, Reisch & Kaulich" authorityYear="2011" box="[813,921,1906,1932]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEF1D4DBF4C8F025D5DF1D2" box="[813,837,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEF1D4DBF348F025D81F1D2" box="[853,921,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">martes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(61.9, 55.1-72.3, n = 138) than to the mean of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEF1D4DBF4F8FE25D9FF1F2" baseAuthorityName="Erxleben" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[814,903,1938,1964]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEF1D4DBF4F8FE25D5DF1F2" box="[814,837,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEF1D4DBF338FE35D9FF1F2" box="[850,903,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">foina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L ta/L tr m1 = 39.4, 33.3-47.5, n = 112). Also, the second index, the talonid to the trigonid breadth of m1 (B ta/B tr m1) in the Hunas marten (101.7) corroborates more with the mean of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEE1D4CBD2888A85FABF6AC" authorityName="Rosendahl, Ambros, Hilpert, Hambach, Alt, Knipping, Reisch & Kaulich" authorityYear="2011" box="[329,435,216,242]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBD2888A85F79F6AC" box="[329,353,217,242]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBD0E88A85FABF6AC" box="[367,435,217,242]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">martes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(106.6, 103.2-113.7, n = 138) than the mean of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEE1D4CBD2C88895FB1F74C" baseAuthorityName="Erxleben" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[333,425,248,274]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBD2C88895F7CF74F" box="[333,356,248,273]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBD1588895FB1F74C" box="[372,425,248,274]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">foina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(92.2, 87.5-96.3, n = 112). All metric and morphological features allowed us to determine that the m1 from Hunas is a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEE1D4CBDDF89495C30F70F" authorityName="Rosendahl, Ambros, Hilpert, Hambach, Alt, Knipping, Reisch & Kaulich" authorityYear="2011" box="[446,552,312,338]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBDDF89495FCEF70F" box="[446,470,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBD8589495C30F70F" box="[484,552,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">martes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEE1D4CBCFA89265FBCF5AE" blockId="11.[130,777,216,1008]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">
|
||
The same was obtained for the proximal epiphysis of the right ulna since the shape of the proximal ulna end shows clear distinctions between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEE1D4CBDF789E95FE7F7EF" authorityName="Rosendahl, Ambros, Hilpert, Hambach, Alt, Knipping, Reisch & Kaulich" authorityYear="2011" box="[406,511,408,434]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBDF789E95FB6F7EF" box="[406,430,408,433]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBDDD89E95FE7F7EF" box="[444,511,408,433]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">martes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEE1D4CBE4E89E95F00F78C" authority="(Ambros & Hilpert 2005)" baseAuthorityName="Ambros & Hilpert" baseAuthorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBE4E89E95C5FF7EF" box="[559,583,408,433]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBE3489E65C91F7EF" box="[597,649,407,433]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">foina</emphasis>
|
||
(Ambros &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFEE1D4CBCE389C65F08F78C" author="HILPERT B." box="[130,272,439,466]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="117 - 124" refId="ref24779" refString="HILPERT B. 2005. - Studies of the morphology of the bears from the Steinberg-Hohlenruine near Hunas. Naturhistorische Gesellschaft Nurnberg 45: 117 - 124." type="journal article" year="2005">Hilpert 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEE1D4CBD2089C95FB2F78F" authorityName="Rosendahl, Ambros, Hilpert, Hambach, Alt, Knipping, Reisch & Kaulich" authorityYear="2011" box="[321,426,439,465]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBD2089C95F41F78F" box="[321,345,440,465]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBD0689C95FB2F78F" box="[359,426,440,465]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">martes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the medial side of the olecranon process protrudes like a hook in front, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEE1D4CBE1989A95CCBF7AF" baseAuthorityName="Ambros & Hilpert" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[632,723,471,497]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBE1989A95C97F7AF" box="[632,655,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBEFF89A65CCBF7AF" box="[670,723,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">foina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack this structure. Also, the supervision of the processes olecranon also allows the two to be separated. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEE1D4CBE268A665CA9F46E" authorityName="Rosendahl, Ambros, Hilpert, Hambach, Alt, Knipping, Reisch & Kaulich" authorityYear="2011" box="[583,689,535,561]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBE268A665C47F46E" box="[583,607,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBE0C8A665CA9F46E" box="[621,689,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">martes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the two knot-shaped processes are approximately extended equally in the ventral direction, sometimes also the lateral one, and the process is somewhat more extensive. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEE1D4CBE538A065C95F4CE" baseAuthorityName="Ambros & Hilpert" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[562,653,630,657]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBE538A065C52F4CE" box="[562,586,631,656]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBE398A075C95F4CE" box="[600,653,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">foina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the medial node extends significantly further ventrally than the lateral (Ambros &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFEE1D4CBD6A8AC75F84F48F" author="HILPERT B." box="[267,412,694,721]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="117 - 124" refId="ref24779" refString="HILPERT B. 2005. - Studies of the morphology of the bears from the Steinberg-Hohlenruine near Hunas. Naturhistorische Gesellschaft Nurnberg 45: 117 - 124." type="journal article" year="2005">Hilpert 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both features can be easily recognised on the Hunas marten. Finally, the distal half of the metapodium was attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEE1D4CBD858A865C48F54E" authorityName="Rosendahl, Ambros, Hilpert, Hambach, Alt, Knipping, Reisch & Kaulich" authorityYear="2011" box="[484,592,758,784]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBD858A865FE3F54E" box="[484,507,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBE6A8A865C48F54E" box="[523,592,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">martes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The taxonomic attribution is unequivocally supported by its strong morphologic and morphometric affinities with the other metacarpals and metatarsals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEE1D4CBD348B275FD8F531" authorityName="Rosendahl, Ambros, Hilpert, Hambach, Alt, Knipping, Reisch & Kaulich" authorityYear="2011" box="[341,448,854,880]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBD348B275F74F531" box="[341,364,854,879]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBD1D8B275FD8F531" box="[380,448,854,879]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">martes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially by a notably elongated and slim build. Although the described metapodium is incomplete, we can state with reasonable certainty that HHu 4525 belongs to this species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEE1D4CBD9E8BC75C89F591" authorityName="Rosendahl, Ambros, Hilpert, Hambach, Alt, Knipping, Reisch & Kaulich" authorityYear="2011" box="[511,657,950,975]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEE1D4CBD9E8BC75C89F591" box="[511,657,950,975]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Martes martes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only marten reported at Hunas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |