197 lines
16 KiB
XML
197 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3739808" approvalRequired="13" approvalRequired_for_treatments="13" checkinTime="1585778501182" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03BD87A2C67AA208FF57FB47FB1E4E1A" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Hipposideridae_210.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Hipposideros grandis G. M. Allen 1936" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="239" masterDocId="FF84FFDAC676A204FFF8FF9AFFEF4346" masterDocTitle="Hipposideridae" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="227" pageNumber="239" updateTime="1658319070246" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hipposideridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>227</mods:start>
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<mods:end>258</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3739808</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6617210" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194660914" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6617210" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87A2C67AA208FF57FB47FB1E4E1A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87A2C67AA208FF57FB47FB1E4E1A" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">
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<heading pageId="12" pageNumber="239">
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<subSubSection box="[175,253,1245,1306]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[173,1497,1245,1401]" box="[175,253,1245,1306]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">
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<figureCitation box="[175,253,1245,1306]" captionStart="Plate 17: Hipposideridae" captionStartId="10.[179,222,4387,4416]" captionTargetBox="[0,3699,0,4866]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="24. Large-eared Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros megalotis), 25. Boeadi’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros boeadii), 26. Ha Long Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros alongensis), 27. Great Himalayan Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros armiger), 28. Griffin’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros griffoni), 29. Pendlebury’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pendleburyi), 30. Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros turpis), 31. Grand Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros grandis), 32. Horsfield’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros larvatus), 33. Maduran Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros madurae), 34. Sorensen’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros sorenseni), 35. Sumban Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros sumbae), 36. Shield-faced Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lylei), 37. Pratt’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pratti), 38. Shield-nosed Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros scutinares), 39. Makira Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros demissus), 40. Diadem Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros diadema), 41. Fierce Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros dinops), 42. Crested Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros inexpectatus), 43. Amhem Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros inomatus), 44. Indian Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lankadiva), 45. Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lekaguli), 46. Peleng Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pelingensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3739812/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">31.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[279,898,1245,1306]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[173,1497,1245,1401]" box="[279,898,1245,1306]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">
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<vernacularName box="[279,898,1245,1306]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Grand Leaf-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[963,1497,1245,1306]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[173,1497,1245,1401]" box="[963,1497,1245,1306]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1936" box="[963,1497,1245,1306]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
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<emphasis box="[963,1497,1245,1306]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Hipposideros grandis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="239" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[173,1497,1245,1401]" box="[174,1426,1321,1348]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[174,276,1323,1348]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[287,542,1321,1348]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Grande Phyllorhine</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[569,693,1323,1348]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[703,990,1321,1348]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Grosse Rundblattnase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1017,1142,1323,1348]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1154,1426,1321,1348]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Hiposidérido grande</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="12.[173,1497,1245,1401]" box="[173,798,1374,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[173,506,1376,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[518,798,1374,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Grand Roundleaf Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="239" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[996,1800,1475,2047]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[997,1208,1475,1514]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="G. M. Allen, 1936" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1936" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="larvatits" subSpecies="grandis">Hipposideros larvatits grandis G. M. Allen, 1936</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="239" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[996,1800,1475,2047]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3753598352" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">
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“Akanti [= Hkamti], upper Chindwin River, Upper
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<collectingCountry box="[1533,1664,1582,1621]" name="Myanmar" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Burma</collectingCountry>
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[=
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<collectingCountry name="Myanmar" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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],
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<quantity box="[1163,1316,1634,1673]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="12" pageNumber="239" unit="ft" value="500.0">500 feet</quantity>
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[=
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<quantity box="[1382,1507,1634,1673]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" pageId="12" pageNumber="239" unit="m" value="152.0">152 m</quantity>
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].”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="239" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[996,1800,1475,2047]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1936" box="[997,1365,1688,1727]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">Hipposideros grandis</taxonomicName>
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is in the
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[1565,1709,1688,1727]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larvatus">larvatus</taxonomicName>
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species group (5 species). Taxonomic status of this species needs further revision for the clarification of differentiating characters and geographic limits with
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[1586,1788,1902,1941]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larvatus">H. larvatus</taxonomicName>
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, particularly the taxon leptophyllus of
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<collectingRegion country="India" name="Assam" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Assam</collectingRegion>
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, north-east
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<collectingCountry box="[1297,1400,2008,2047]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">India</collectingCountry>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[173,1766,2059,2098]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[170,1796,2059,3420]" box="[173,1766,2059,2098]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6470407" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6470407" box="[173,1761,2059,2098]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6470407/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="239" startId="12.[173,404,2059,2098]" targetBox="[170,965,1479,2040]" targetPageId="12">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[173,411,2059,2098]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Distribution.</emphasis>
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S
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<collectingCountry box="[459,574,2059,2098]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">China</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[602,758,2059,2098]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
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),
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<collectingCountry box="[792,971,2059,2098]" name="Myanmar" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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, NW
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<collectingCountry box="[1075,1252,2059,2098]" name="Thailand" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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, N
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<collectingCountry box="[1317,1408,2059,2098]" name="Laos" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Laos</collectingCountry>
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, and NW
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<collectingCountry box="[1595,1761,2059,2098]" name="Vietnam" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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</caption>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="239" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[170,1796,2059,3420]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,514,2113,2152]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 69-80 mm, tail 30-45 mm, ear 22-23 mm, hindfoot 10-15 mm, forearm 59-62 mm; weight 17-18 g. The Grand Leaf-nosed Bat is very similar to Horsfield’s Leaf-nosed Bat {
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[900,1104,2218,2257]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larvatus">H. larvatus</taxonomicName>
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) but generally larger. Pelage is dark brown to orange-reddish brown. There are three supplementary leaflets on each side of noseleaf. Thickened and swollen structure behind posterior leaf is well defined in males. Skull is generally similar to that of Horsfield’s Leaf-nosed Bat, but rather heavily built. Rostral chambers are gready inflated with a pronounced supraorbital depression. C1 and! are large. P2 is small and extruded from tooth row.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="239" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[170,1796,2059,3420]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[173,324,2538,2577]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Habitat.</emphasis>
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The Grand Leaf-nosed Bat can be found in primary forest to semideciduous forest, and disturbed habitats such as orchards. It forages in vegetation around limestone outcrops, in forest understory and open spaces in orchards.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[173,1744,2697,2736]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[170,1796,2059,3420]" box="[173,1744,2697,2736]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[173,527,2697,2736]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Grand Leaf-nosed Bat feeds on insects in forest understory.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[172,1429,2750,2789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[170,1796,2059,3420]" box="[172,1429,2750,2789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,357,2750,2789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Breeding.</emphasis>
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In
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<collectingCountry box="[422,601,2750,2789]" name="Myanmar" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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, females were found lactating in April-May.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="239" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[170,1796,2059,3420]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[170,493,2803,2842]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Grand Leaf-nosed Bat roosts in limestone caves. Echolocation calls typically have F components terminating with a FM tail. Based on data from upper
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<collectingCountry box="[248,428,2909,2948]" name="Myanmar" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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, near the type locality, the frequency of the F part is 86-91 kHz.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="239" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[170,1796,2059,3420]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,1108,2962,3001]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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In upper
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<collectingCountry box="[1297,1477,2962,3001]" name="Myanmar" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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, the Grand Leafnosed Bat forms small to very large colonies of up to 300 individuals, in caves. Other species that were found in the same roosting cave include the Indian Leaf-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kelaart" authorityYear="1850" box="[192,426,3120,3159]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lankadiva">H. lankadiva</taxonomicName>
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) and unknown small
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<taxonomicName box="[840,1059,3120,3159]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinolophus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="239" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[170,1796,2059,3420]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[173,647,3174,3213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Although the taxonomic status remains unclear, and it is usually confused with Horsfield’s Leafnosed Bat, the Grand Leaf-nosed Bat is believed to be widespread in Indochina.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="239" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[170,1796,2059,3420]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[174,381,3338,3367]" pageId="12" pageNumber="239">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Bates, Bumrungsri, Francis & Csorba (2016), Corbet & Hill (1992), Dobson (1874), Francis (20.08a), Lekagul & McNeely (1988), Simmons (2005),Thabah eta/. (2006)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |