191 lines
17 KiB
XML
191 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3739808" approvalRequired="13" approvalRequired_for_treatments="13" checkinTime="1585778501182" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03BD87A2C678A20AFF4EEE1BF55E48CD" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Hipposideridae_210.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Hipposideros diadema" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="241" masterDocId="FF84FFDAC676A204FFF8FF9AFFEF4346" masterDocTitle="Hipposideridae" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="227" pageNumber="241" updateTime="1658319070246" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hipposideridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>227</mods:start>
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<mods:end>258</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3739808</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810953" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163433753" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810953" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87A2C678A20AFF4EEE1BF55E48CD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87A2C678A20AFF4EEE1BF55E48CD" lastPageNumber="241" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<heading pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<subSubSection box="[182,261,4481,4542]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[180,1561,4480,4640]" box="[182,261,4481,4542]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<figureCitation box="[182,261,4481,4542]" captionStart="Plate 17: Hipposideridae" captionStartId="10.[179,222,4387,4416]" captionTargetBox="[0,3699,0,4866]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="24. Large-eared Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros megalotis), 25. Boeadi’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros boeadii), 26. Ha Long Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros alongensis), 27. Great Himalayan Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros armiger), 28. Griffin’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros griffoni), 29. Pendlebury’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pendleburyi), 30. Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros turpis), 31. Grand Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros grandis), 32. Horsfield’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros larvatus), 33. Maduran Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros madurae), 34. Sorensen’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros sorenseni), 35. Sumban Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros sumbae), 36. Shield-faced Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lylei), 37. Pratt’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pratti), 38. Shield-nosed Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros scutinares), 39. Makira Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros demissus), 40. Diadem Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros diadema), 41. Fierce Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros dinops), 42. Crested Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros inexpectatus), 43. Amhem Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros inomatus), 44. Indian Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lankadiva), 45. Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lekaguli), 46. Peleng Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pelingensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3739812/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">40.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[286,943,4481,4542]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[180,1561,4480,4640]" box="[286,943,4481,4542]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<vernacularName box="[286,943,4481,4542]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Diadem Leaf-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1007,1561,4481,4542]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[180,1561,4480,4640]" box="[1007,1561,4481,4542]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[1007,1561,4481,4542]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diadema">
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<emphasis box="[1007,1561,4481,4542]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Hipposideros diadema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[180,1561,4480,4640]" box="[182,1549,4555,4582]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[182,286,4557,4582]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[296,593,4555,4582]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Phyllorhine à diadème</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[619,742,4557,4582]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[752,1074,4555,4582]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Diadem-Rundblattnase I</vernacularName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1082,1206,4557,4582]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1217,1549,4555,4582]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Hiposidérido de diadema</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[180,1561,4480,4640]" box="[181,828,4608,4635]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,515,4610,4635]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[526,828,4608,4635]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Diadem Roundleaf Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[2708,3513,371,949]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2709,2920,371,410]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1813" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diadema">Rhinolophus diadema É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3753598349" box="[3170,3501,430,469]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">“Timor [Island].”</materialsCitation>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[2709,3090,484,523]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diadema">Hipposideros diadema</taxonomicName>
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is in the
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[3276,3423,484,523]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diadema">diadema</taxonomicName>
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species group. Many subspecies have been described (anderseni, ceramensis, custos, enganus, euotis, griseus, masoni, mirandus, natunensis, nicobarensis, nobilis, oceanitis, reginae, speculator, trobrius, vicarious), several of them of dubious validity; validity, diagnoses, and ranges of prospective subspecies require review.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1883,3509,961,2955]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6470504" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6470504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6470504/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" startId="14.[1886,2117,961,1000]" targetBox="[1884,2678,384,942]" targetPageId="14">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1886,2124,961,1000]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Mainland SE Asia,
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<collectingCountry box="[2485,2702,961,1000]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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, Indonesian Archipelago, New
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<collectingCountry box="[3291,3431,961,1000]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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(including
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<collectingCountry box="[2042,2467,1014,1053]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Bismarck Archipelago</collectingCountry>
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), Solomon Is, and NE
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<collectingCountry box="[2891,3064,1014,1053]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Australia</collectingCountry>
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; also on N Nicobar Is
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</caption>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1883,3509,961,2955]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1886,2227,1067,1106]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 66-100 mm, tail
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<quantity box="[2804,3010,1067,1106]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="41.5" valueMax="51.0" valueMin="32.0">32—51 mm</quantity>
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, ear
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<quantity box="[3109,3316,1067,1106]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="28.0">28—32 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot 16-21 mm, forearm
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<quantity box="[2283,2489,1119,1158]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="77.0" valueMax="96.0" valueMin="58.0">58—96 mm</quantity>
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; weight
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<quantity box="[2651,2804,1119,1158]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" unit="g" value="39.5" valueMax="57.0" valueMin="22.0">22—57 g</quantity>
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. Forearm length can be variable between populations, from as small as
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<quantity box="[2593,2729,1174,1213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="58.0">58 mm</quantity>
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(
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<collectingCountry box="[2763,3067,1174,1213]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
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) to as large as
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<quantity box="[3370,3506,1174,1213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="96.0">96 mm</quantity>
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(
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<collectingCountry box="[1904,2088,1226,1265]" name="Thailand" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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). Pelage on upperparts is dark brown with distinctive white or yellowish white patches on shoulders and sides ofback; fur on underparts is grayish white. Noseleafis yellowish brown. Posterior noseleafis thick and tall. There are 3-4 lateral leaflets on each cheek. Skull is heavily built with large canine, inflated rostral swellings and well-developed sagittal crest P2 is small and extruded from tooth row so C1 and P4 are in contact, or almost. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1883,3509,961,2955]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1886,2037,1545,1584]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Habitat.</emphasis>
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The Diadem Leaf-nosed Bat has been recorded in a wide range of habitats, from lowland primary forest at sea level to agricultural areas and disturbed forests up to
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<quantity box="[1938,2075,1651,1690]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" unit="m" value="1210.0">1210 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1883,3509,961,2955]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1885,2244,1704,1743]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Diadem Leaf-nosed Bat forages in forest understory, in gaps, and over streams in forest. It feeds on insects (Coleoptera,
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<taxonomicName box="[3022,3263,1757,1796]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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, and various orthopteroids were the most common in fecal pellets) and occasionally on birds. It is known to feed by hanging from a perch and waiting for prey to pass by, then flying to snatch it and returning right away to the perch.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1883,3509,961,2955]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1885,2068,1969,2008]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Females give birth to a single young. In peninsular
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<collectingCountry box="[3067,3244,1969,2008]" name="Thailand" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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, females with young were found in the maternity roost in April.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1883,3509,961,2955]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1883,2202,2074,2113]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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This species roosts in caves, crevices, and hollow trees. In peninsular
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<collectingCountry box="[1885,2061,2127,2166]" name="Thailand" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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, the Diadem Leaf-nosed Bat was observed to remain in the cave late, until 20:00 h, being the last species that emerged from the roost Echolocation is a CF/FM type, with a call frequency of the F segment of 58-62 kHz (Malay Peninsula) and 64—66 kHz (Borneo).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1883,3509,961,2955]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1885,2903,2339,2378]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The Diadem Leaf-nosed Bat roosts in large colonies in caves. A maternity colony may number several hundred individuals. In southern
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<collectingCountry box="[2357,2541,2444,2483]" name="Myanmar" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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, at least 5000 individuals of this species have been estimated to be sharing a cave with Great Himalayan Leaf-nosed Bats {
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1835" box="[3279,3482,2497,2536]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armiger">H. armiger</taxonomicName>
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), Horsfield’s Leaf-nosed Bats (
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<taxonomicName box="[2459,2679,2550,2589]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laruatus">H. laruatus</taxonomicName>
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), Andersen’s Leaf-nosed Bat (77.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K Andersen" authorityYear="1918" box="[3347,3481,2550,2589]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gentilis">gentilis</taxonomicName>
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), Least Leaf-nosed Bats (77.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1853" box="[2424,2608,2603,2642]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cineraceus">cineraceus</taxonomicName>
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), and Large Long-fingered Bats (Afinio/?tenw magnater).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1883,3509,961,2955]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1885,2361,2709,2748]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on IUCN Red List. The Diadem Leaf-nosed Bat is found in several protected areas throughout its range but may be locally at risk due to limestone mining, and quarrying.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1883,3509,961,2955]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1886,2092,2873,2902]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Corbet & Hill (1992), Csorba, Bumrungsri, Francis, Helgen, Bates, Gumal, Kingston eta/. (2008), Francis (2008a), Pavey & Burwell (1997), Simmons (2005).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |