treatments-xml/data/03/BC/F9/03BCF91DFFDB2E6CFE5DFDBAB68CFB07.xml

<document id="33E454FD5D90CF74139680F850FBC982" ID-CLB-Dataset="25997" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3371111" ID-GBIF-Dataset="87e60a32-5002-431d-b24e-2b0dd43b67fb" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3371111" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1565939637461" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Cope, E. D." docDate="1876" docId="03BCF91DFFDB2E6CFE5DFDBAB68CFB07" docLanguage="en" docName="Cope1876a.pdf.gs.imf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 28" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Diclonius pentagonus Cope, 1876, gen. et sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="254" masterDocId="FF858165FFDE2E6AFFD3FF99B77EFF9F" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of some vertebrate remains from the Fort Union beds of Montana" masterLastPageNumber="261" masterPageNumber="248" pageNumber="253" updateTime="1698751428370" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8B817F63FF41240D6A93C712ADD3A745">Descriptions of some vertebrate remains from the Fort Union beds of Montana</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AA0C80994ED118EE67DE00EA64F081C8">1876</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BCF91DFFDB2E6CFE5DFDBAB68CFB07" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4715968" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159131892" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4715968" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BCF91DFFDB2E6CFE5DFDBAB68CFB07" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BCF91DFFDB2E6CFE5DFDBAB68CFB07" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">
<subSubSection id="C30F1B80FFDB2E6FFE5DFDBAB4D2FDA2" box="[398,940,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAA480BFFDB2E6FFE5DFDBAB4D2FDA2" blockId="5.[394,1558,547,2477]" box="[398,940,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">
<taxonomicName id="4C153388FFDB2E6FFE5DFDBAB5CCFDA2" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1876" box="[398,690,547,573]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Diclonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pentagonus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">Diclonius pentagonus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2522962FFDB2E6FFD0EFDBAB4D2FDA2" box="[733,940,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F1B80FFDB2E6FFE6FFDCAB174FA82" pageId="5" pageNumber="253" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAA480BFFDB2E6FFE6FFDCAB2CFFBB7" blockId="5.[394,1558,547,2477]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">
Char. 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFDFAFDCAB512FDEB" box="[553,620,595,628]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">Gen</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFDA0FDCAB502FDEB" bold="true" box="[627,636,595,628]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">-</emphasis>
Herbivorous dinosaurians, in which the teeth are elongate and witlhout distinct root, and present dense material only on one side of the crown 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFC16FD2AB2E5FC67" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">
(the 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFBC4FD2AB356FD4B" bold="true" box="[1047,1064,691,724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">&quot;</emphasis>
front 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFB56FD2AB3D6FD4B" bold="true" box="[1157,1192,691,724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">&quot;),</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFB10FD2AB25BFD4B" box="[1219,1317,691,724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">whose</emphasis>
section produces a 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFDF3FD7DB5EEFC9A" box="[544,656,740,773]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">cutting</emphasis>
edge. The other face of the tooth 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFAE3FD7DB244FC9A" bold="true" box="[1328,1338,740,773]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">(</emphasis>
the 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFA51FD7AB2EDFC9B" bold="true" box="[1410,1427,739,772]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">&quot;</emphasis>
back 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFA3AFD7AB17BFC9B" bold="true" box="[1513,1541,739,772]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">&quot;)</emphasis>
is coated 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFD86FC8CB5E2FCA9" box="[597,668,789,822]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">with</emphasis>
cementum, and is absorbed during the protrusion of the successional tooth from below, which thus rises from 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFE5DFCEEB547FC07" bold="true" box="[398,569,887,920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">&quot;behind</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFD93FCEEB52EFC07" bold="true" box="[576,592,887,920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">&quot;</emphasis>
In the antero-posterior direction the teeth are protruded alternately, and the lower parts of the crowns are contracted to give space for the apices of the adjacent 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFAEAFC4EB2E5FC67" box="[1337,1435,983,1016]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">young</emphasis>
</emphasis>
teeth. In the type of the genus there is but 
<materialsCitation id="3B7D4256FFDB2E6FFBF3FB9EB2D4FBB7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2413159201" box="[1056,1450,1031,1064]" collectingCountry="United States" collectingRegion="Montana" formation="Fort Union Formation" pageId="5" pageNumber="253" preparations="a single series of teeth" typeStatus="type series">a single series of teeth</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA480BFFDB2E6FFE65FBA1B174FA82" blockId="5.[394,1558,547,2477]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">
In the known species of this genus, the denise face 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFA93FBA0B52BFA82" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">
(&quot;front 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFA10FBA0B2A0FBC5" bold="true" box="[1475,1502,1081,1114]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">&quot;)</emphasis>
of the crown presents a longitudinal keel, but this is not 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFA87FBF1B17DFB16" box="[1364,1539,1128,1161]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">necessarily</emphasis>
a generic character. The 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFCBFFB00B4B6FB25" box="[876,968,1177,1210]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">terms</emphasis>
&quot; front 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFBB2FB00B30FFB25" bold="true" box="[1121,1137,1177,1210]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">&quot;</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFB11FB00B3ADFB25" bold="true" box="[1218,1235,1177,1210]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">&quot;</emphasis>
back 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFAFBFB00B247FB25" bold="true" box="[1320,1337,1177,1210]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">&quot;</emphasis>
are not intended to be accurate, as the faces so termed are either external or 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFE6CFB65B52BFA82" box="[447,597,1276,1309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">internal</emphasis>
</emphasis>
,the direction being probably reversed in the two jaws.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F1B80FFDB2E6FFE65FAB5B203F808" pageId="5" pageNumber="253" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAA480BFFDB2E6FFE65FAB5B203F808" blockId="5.[394,1558,547,2477]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">
This genus is allied to 
<taxonomicName id="4C153388FFDB2E6FFC9EFAB5B361FAD2" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1858" box="[845,1055,1324,1357]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Hadrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFC9EFAB5B361FAD2" box="[845,1055,1324,1357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">Hadrosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C153388FFDB2E6FFB47FAB7B246FAD3" authority="Cope, 1875" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1875" box="[1172,1336,1326,1356]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Cionodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cionodon</taxonomicName>
. From the former it differs in the mode of succession of the 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFB2CFAC4B225FAE1" box="[1279,1371,1373,1406]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">teeth</emphasis>
, which, as determined by Prof. Leidy in that genus, is from the 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFA8AFA14B210FA31" bold="true" box="[1369,1390,1421,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">&quot;</emphasis>
front 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFA0BFA17B299FA30" bold="true" box="[1496,1511,1422,1455]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">&quot;</emphasis>
of the base of the tooth, whereas, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C153388FFDB2E6FFC23FA5DB309FA7D" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1876" box="[1008,1143,1476,1506]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Diclonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFC23FA5DB309FA7D" box="[1008,1143,1476,1506]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">Diclonius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the succession is as in Cionodon, from the 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFCF5FA69B4FEF9DE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">
&quot;posterior 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFC02FA69B49FF98E" bold="true" box="[977,993,1520,1553]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">&quot;</emphasis>
base of the tooth. This arrangement allows of a 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFCF1F9B9B4FEF9DE" box="[802,896,1568,1601]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">more</emphasis>
</emphasis>
continuous use of the dense face than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C153388FFDB2E6FFE6FF9CBB5EFF9EC" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1858" box="[444,657,1618,1651]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Hadrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFE6FF9CBB5EFF9EC" box="[444,657,1618,1651]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">Hadrosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where that face terminates as 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFB31F9C9B467F94B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">the young crown rises into functional position. A species from the Fort Union bad lands of the Judith</emphasis>
River was described by Dr. Leidy as 
<taxonomicName id="4C153388FFDB2E6FFA10F92BB5D5F89A" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1856" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Trachodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFA10F92BB5D5F89A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">Trachodon mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Specimens of this 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFB9AF97CB17EF8AB" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">
species from the locality furnishing those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C153388FFDB2E6FFCD3F88CB4E6F8A9" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1876" box="[768,920,1813,1846]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Diclonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diclonius</taxonomicName>
, present the mode of succession
</emphasis>
ascribed by that author to 
<taxonomicName id="4C153388FFDB2E6FFCB8F8DEB33EF8F7" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1858" box="[875,1088,1863,1896]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Hadrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFCB8F8DEB33EF8F7" box="[875,1088,1863,1896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">Hadrosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, to which 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFADFF8DEB216F8F7" box="[1292,1384,1863,1896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">genus</emphasis>
he afterwards referred the 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFD0FF8EEB434F807" box="[732,842,1911,1944]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">species</emphasis>
under the name of 
<taxonomicName id="4C153388FFDB2E6FFB7EF8ECB206F808" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1856" box="[1197,1400,1909,1943]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Hadrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFB7EF8ECB3B2F809" box="[1197,1228,1909,1942]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFB36F8EFB206F808" box="[1253,1400,1910,1943]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F1B80FFDB2E6CFE65F83EB68CFB07" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="5" pageNumber="253" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAA480BFFDB2E6FFE65F83EB2A9F725" blockId="5.[394,1558,547,2477]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">
The dentition of 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFCD2F831B2C5F725" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">
species of 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFC1DF83EB376F857" box="[974,1032,1959,1992]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">this</emphasis>
genus shows that but one 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFE58F841B6A0F866" box="[395,478,2008,2041]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">tooth</emphasis>
in mature functionial use existed in a line transverse to the axis of the jaw at one time, and that alternating with these, one partially 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFDEAF7A3B5A0F7C4" box="[569,734,2106,2139]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">protruded</emphasis>
crown, and one stump of a 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFADBF7A5B201F7C5" box="[1288,1407,2108,2138]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">crown</emphasis>
, present 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFE5EF7F0B538F715" box="[397,582,2153,2186]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">masticating</emphasis>
surfaces in transverse relation. The formula for this genus should then be written 2 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFC70F702B4B7F723" bold="true" box="[931,969,2203,2236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">-1,</emphasis>
while in 
<taxonomicName id="4C153388FFDB2E6FFB5BF703B25AF724" authority="Cope, 1875" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1875" box="[1160,1316,2202,2235]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Cionodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cionodon</taxonomicName>
it is 3 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFA43F700B2C5F725" bold="true" box="[1424,1467,2201,2234]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">-3-</emphasis>
</emphasis>
2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA480BFFDB2E6FFE6AF755B5E8F632" blockId="5.[394,1558,547,2477]" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">
The type of this genus exhibits a mode of nutrition of the young teeth similar to that seen in the 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFB45F767B38FF683" box="[1174,1265,2302,2332]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">genus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C153388FFDB2E6FFAC0F762B280F683" authorityName="Harlan" authorityYear="1824" box="[1299,1534,2299,2332]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Saurodontidae" genus="Saurocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyodectiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9619419FFDB2E6FFAC0F762B280F683" box="[1299,1534,2299,2332]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="253">Saurocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among fishes. The bone is perforated by a series of foramina, each of which conveyed an artery directly into the base of the growing crown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA480BFFD82E6CFE68FDB5B411FB97" blockId="6.[395,1559,556,1176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="254">
<emphasis id="B9619419FFD82E6CFE68FDB5B56FFDD2" box="[443,529,556,589]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="254">Char</emphasis>
. Specif. 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFD82E6CFD4BFDB5B5DCFDD2" bold="true" box="[664,674,556,589]" pageId="6" pageNumber="254">-</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9619419FFD82E6CFD72FDB5B595FDD2" box="[673,747,556,589]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="254">The</emphasis>
front of the crown is divided longitudlinally by a prominent median keel and the borders are not serrate. 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFD82E6CFA1FFDC4B385FC4C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="254">
Thie keel is only 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFD82E6CFDB0FD14B45BFD31" bold="true" box="[611,805,653,686]" pageId="6" pageNumber="254">moderately</emphasis>
prominient at the lower part of the crown. The 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFD82E6CFE33FD27B551FD40" bold="true" box="[480,559,702,735]" pageId="6" pageNumber="254">back</emphasis>
of the 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFD82E6CFD6AFD59B45AFD41" box="[697,804,704,734]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="254">crown</emphasis>
is divided 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFD82E6CFC34FD26B34EFD7F" box="[999,1072,703,736]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="254">inito</emphasis>
three faces by two 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFD82E6CFA54FD27B17AFD40" box="[1415,1540,702,735]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="254">straight</emphasis>
longitudinal parallel solid angles, and the crown is contracted 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFD82E6CFA17FD69B169FC8E" box="[1476,1559,752,785]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="254">near</emphasis>
the base by 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFD82E6CFD88FC86B5E7FCDF" bold="true" box="[603,665,799,832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="254">the</emphasis>
lateral bevels for the adjacent growing teeth, All these faces are covered by 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFD82E6CFC89FCC9B366FCEE" box="[858,1048,848,881]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="254">cementum</emphasis>
,whose roughness is granular in character. The external surface of the jaw-bone has precisely the same clharacter, so that the apices of the 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFD82E6CFB7FFC2BB385FC4C" box="[1196,1275,946,979]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="254">teeth</emphasis>
</emphasis>
only appear as prominences of its border.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA480BFFD82E6CFE65FB8DB68CFB07" blockId="6.[395,1559,556,1176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="254">
The typical specimen is that of an individiual of moderate 
<emphasis id="B9619419FFD82E6CFA4FFB8DB6A4FBFA" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="254">dimensions</emphasis>
; measurements of a tooth of a gigantic individual are given below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>