560 lines
77 KiB
XML
560 lines
77 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B52794DAAC8B333E960A256FE7FDE4FF">The catshark genus Scyliorhinus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae): taxonomy, morphology and distribution</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03B94378D0230644FF7DFCB7FB74AFB2" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157062749" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B94378D0230644FF7DFCB7FB74AFB2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B94378D0230644FF7DFCB7FB74AFB2" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection id="C30AA1E5D0230647FF7DFCB7FD81A90C" box="[151,599,836,862]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0230647FF7DFCB7FD81A90C" blockId="64.[151,599,836,895]" box="[151,599,836,862]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<heading id="D0E74502D0230647FF7DFCB7FD81A90C" bold="true" box="[151,599,836,862]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FF7DFCB7FD81A90C" ID-CoL="4W579" authority="(Fowler, 1934)" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[151,599,836,862]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garmani">
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<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FF7DFCB7FD81A90C" bold="true" box="[151,599,836,862]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FF7DFCB7FE48A90C" bold="true" box="[151,414,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Scyliorhinus garmani</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0230647FE47FCB7FD99A90C" author="Fowler, H. W." box="[429,591,836,862]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="233 - 367" refId="ref68028" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1934) Descriptions of new fishes obtained 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 85, 233 - 367." type="journal article" year="1934">Fowler, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30AA1E5D0230647FF7DFC95FE46A92D" box="[151,400,870,895]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0230647FF7DFC95FE46A92D" blockId="64.[151,599,836,895]" box="[151,400,870,895]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132BEEEBD0230647FF75FC95FEFEA92D" box="[159,296,870,895]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 46" captionStart-1="FIGURE 47" captionStart-2="FIGURE 48" captionStartId-0="65.[151,250,639,661]" captionStartId-1="65.[151,250,1596,1618]" captionStartId-2="67.[151,250,1130,1152]" captionTargetBox-0="[345,1236,208,602]" captionTargetBox-1="[356,1241,760,1570]" captionTargetBox-2="[231,1352,341,1096]" captionTargetId-0="figure@65.[340,1247,193,617]" captionTargetId-1="figure@65.[340,1247,741,1575]" captionTargetId-2="figure@67.[226,1360,337,1109]" captionTargetPageId-0="65" captionTargetPageId-1="65" captionTargetPageId-2="67" captionText-0="FIGURE 46. Holotype of Scyliorhinus garmani (Fowler, 1934), USNM 43749, female, 267.2 mm TL ("East Indies", probably Philippines). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view. Scale bar = 20 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 47. Scyliorhinus garmani, USNM 43749, female, 267.2 mm TL ("East Indies", probably Philippines). A, ventral view of head and pectoral fins; B, lateral view of head; C, dorsal view of head; D, detail of pelvic fins. Scale bar = 10 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 48. Map showing the geographic distribution of Scyliorhinus garmani based on material examined in this study. Black star indicates the type locality." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2669821/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2669823/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2669825/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs. 46–48</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C692C7D5D0230647FED9FC95FE5EA92D" box="[307,392,870,895]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="50.[151,239,724,747]" captionTargetBox="[159,1370,806,1986]" captionText="TABLE 10. Morphometric and meristic data of Scyliorhinus comoroensis and S. garmani. Total length (TL) in mm, other measurements as percentages of TL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6FA2E6D0510635FF7DFD27FD8FA959" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" tableUuid="DF6FA2E6D0510635FF7DFD27FD8FA959">Tab. 10</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30AA1E5D0230647FF7DFC5DFC60AE0C" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0230647FF7DFC5DFCE1A9B1" blockId="64.[151,1436,942,1118]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB00D540D0230647FF7DFC5DFCE1A9B1" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FF7DFC5DFDE0A996" ID-CoL="6L9MX" authority="Fowler 1934: 235" authorityName="Fowler" authorityPageNumber="235" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,566,942,965]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Halaelurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garmani">
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||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FF7DFC5DFEBCA997" box="[151,362,942,965]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Halaelurus garmani</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB1D47FD0230647FE9FFC5DFDE0A996" author="Fowler, H. W." box="[373,566,942,964]" page="235" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1934">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0230647FE9FFC5DFDD6A996" author="Fowler, H. W." box="[373,512,942,964]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="233 - 367" refId="ref68028" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1934) Descriptions of new fishes obtained 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 85, 233 - 367." type="journal article" year="1934">Fowler 1934</bibRefCitation>
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: 235
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 1 (original description,
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<typeStatus id="54AB4CCCD0230647FC98FC5CFC48A996" box="[882,926,943,964]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
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locality: East Indies);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB1D47FD0230647FB72FC5DFA87A996" author="Fowler, H. W." box="[1176,1361,942,964]" page="49" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1941">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0230647FB72FC5DFAF0A996" author="Fowler, H. W." box="[1176,1318,942,964]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 879" refId="ref68071" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchi, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostariophysi obtained by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer " Albattross " in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 13, 1 - 879." type="journal article" year="1941">Fowler, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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: 49
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 1 (catalogue,
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<collectingCountry id="F307B2FED0230647FED7FC3EFE62A9B1" box="[317,436,973,995]" name="Philippines" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB1D47FD0230647FE2EFC3DFDB5A9B1" author="Herre, A. W. C. T." box="[452,611,973,995]" page="11" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1953">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0230647FE2EFC3DFD97A9B1" author="Herre, A. W. C. T." box="[452,577,973,995]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 977" refId="ref69721" refString="Herre, A. W. C. T. (1953) Check list of Philippine fishes. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Research Report, 20, 1 - 977." type="journal article" year="1953">Herre, 1953</bibRefCitation>
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: 11
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</treatmentCitation>
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(listed,
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<collectingCountry id="F307B2FED0230647FD5FFC3EFCFAA9B1" box="[693,812,973,995]" name="Philippines" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0230647FF7DFC1FFC60AE0C" blockId="64.[151,1436,942,1118]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB00D540D0230647FF7DFC1FFC60AE0C" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FF7DFC1FFD66AE50" ID-CoL="4W579" authority=": Springer & Garrick, 1964: 86" authorityName=": Springer & Garrick" authorityPageNumber="86" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,688,1004,1026]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garmani">
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<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FF7DFC1FFEA5AE50" box="[151,371,1004,1026]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Scyliorhinus garmani</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB1D47FD0230647FE6BFC1FFD66AE50" author="Springer, V. G. & Garrick, J. A. F." box="[385,688,1004,1026]" page="86" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1964">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0230647FE6BFC1FFD5AAE50" author="Springer, V. G. & Garrick, J. A. F." box="[385,652,1004,1026]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="73 - 96" refId="ref74529" refString="Springer, V. G. & Garrick, J. A. F. (1964) A survey of vertebral numbers in sharks. Proceedings of the. U. S. National Museum, 116, 73 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.116 - 3496.73" type="journal article" year="1964">Springer & Garrick, 1964</bibRefCitation>
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: 86
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(listed);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB1D47FD0230647FCE4FC1FFC0FAE50" author="Springer, S." box="[782,985,1004,1026]" page="135" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1979">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0230647FCE4FC1FFC7EAE50" author="Springer, S." box="[782,936,1004,1026]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 97" refId="ref74458" refString="Springer, S. (1979) A revision of the catsharks, Family Scyliorhinidae. NOAA technical report NMFS CIRC, 422, 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="1979">Springer, 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 135
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</treatmentCitation>
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(taxonomic review);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB1D47FD0230647FB52FC1FFA4AAE50" author="Compagno, L. J. V." box="[1208,1436,1004,1026]" page="362" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1984">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0230647FB52FC1FFABDAE50" author="Compagno, L. J. V." box="[1208,1387,1004,1026]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="251 - 655" refId="ref65696" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984) FAO species catalogue. Fol. 4. Sharks of the world: An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. In: FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125. Fol. 4. Part 2. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655." type="book chapter" year="1984">Compagno, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 362
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(FAO catalogue);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB1D47FD0230647FE6BFBF9FD12AE72" author="Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H." box="[385,708,1034,1056]" page="1205" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0230647FE6BFBF9FD50AE72" author="Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H." box="[385,646,1034,1056]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="687 - 1396" refId="ref65279" refString="Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (1998) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Fol. 2. Cephalopods, crustaceans, holothurians and sharks. FAO, Rome, 710 pp. [pp. 687 - 1396]" type="book chapter" year="1998">Carpenter & Niem, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1205
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
(FAO catalogue, Western Central Pacific);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB1D47FD0230647FB62FBF9FA4DAE72" author="Randall, J. E. & Lim, K. K. P." box="[1160,1435,1034,1056]" page="579" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0230647FB62FBF9FABDAE72" author="Randall, J. E. & Lim, K. K. P." box="[1160,1387,1034,1056]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="569 - 667" refId="ref72658" refString="Randall, J. E. & Lim, K. K. P. (2000) A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 8 (Supplement), 569 - 667." type="journal article" year="2000">Randall & Lim, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 579
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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(listed, southern
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||
<collectingCountry id="F307B2FED0230647FE9BFBDAFE7BAE6D" box="[369,429,1065,1087]" name="China" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">China</collectingCountry>
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Sea);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB1D47FD0230647FE1AFBDAFD05AE6D" author="Compagno, L. J. V." box="[496,723,1065,1087]" page="480" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1999">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0230647FE1AFBDAFD74AE6D" author="Compagno, L. J. V." box="[496,674,1065,1087]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="471 - 498" refId="ref65845" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) Checklist of living elasmobranchs. In: Hamlett, W. C. (Ed.), Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland, pp. 471 - 498." type="book chapter" year="1999">Compagno, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 480
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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(listed);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB1D47FD0230647FCC5FBDAFB9BAE6D" author="Compagno, L. J. V. & Dando, M. & Fowler, S." box="[815,1101,1065,1087]" page="249" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0230647FCC5FBDAFBCDAE6D" author="Compagno, L. J. V. & Dando, M. & Fowler, S." box="[815,1051,1065,1087]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refId="ref66247" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Sharks of the World. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 368 pp." type="book" year="2005">
|
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Compagno
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FC4FFBD9FC04AE6D" box="[933,978,1065,1087]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 249
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–250, pl. 52 (compilation); Ebert
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FF2DFBBAFF2CAE0C" box="[199,250,1096,1118]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013a: 374, 380, pl. 51 (compilation);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB1D47FD0230647FD64FBBBFCB6AE0C" author="Weigmann, S." box="[654,864,1096,1118]" page="43" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="2016">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0230647FD64FBBBFCE8AE0C" author="Weigmann, S." box="[654,830,1096,1118]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="837 - 1037" refId="ref75151" refString="Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88 (3), 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874" type="journal article" year="2016">Weigmann, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 43
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(listed).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30AA1E5D0230647FF7DFB79FB89AEF1" box="[151,1119,1162,1187]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0230647FF7DFB79FB89AEF1" blockId="64.[151,1437,1162,1835]" box="[151,1119,1162,1187]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B78F833D0230647FF7DFB79FB89AEF1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2238655782" box="[151,1119,1162,1187]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Philippines" location="East Indies" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" specimenCode="USNM 43749" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AB4CCCD0230647FF7DFB79FED2AEF1" box="[151,260,1162,1187]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FF7DFB79FED2AEF1" bold="true" box="[151,260,1162,1187]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB65A15D0230647FEF8FB78FE65AEF1" box="[274,435,1163,1187]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="Museum">USNM 43749</specimenCode>
|
||
, female,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE85F8BD0230647FDF2FB79FD5CAEF0" box="[536,650,1162,1187]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6719999999999997" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="267.2">267.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL (“
|
||
<location id="8ECFA4B5D0230647FD26FB78FC86AEF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B94378D0230644FF7DFCB7FB74AFB2:8ECFA4B5D0230647FD26FB78FC86AEF1" box="[716,848,1162,1187]" country="Philippines" name="East Indies" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">East Indies</location>
|
||
”, probably
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F307B2FED0230647FC3AFB79FB85AEF1" box="[976,1107,1162,1187]" name="Philippines" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30AA1E5D0230647FF2DFB5DFCA6AC01" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0230647FF2DFB5DFCA6AC01" blockId="64.[151,1437,1162,1835]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FF2DFB5DFEECAE95" bold="true" box="[199,314,1198,1223]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FEA6FB5DFD97AE94" authorityName=": Springer & Garrick" authorityYear="1964" box="[332,577,1198,1223]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FEA6FB5DFD97AE94" box="[332,577,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Scyliorhinus garmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all congeners by presenting a color pattern with dark brown spots, greater than the spiracles and scattered on body (vs. dark spots absent in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FBB9FB20FDF1AF5C" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FBB9FB20FB34AEB9" authorityName="Springer" authorityYear="1966" box="[1107,1250,1234,1259]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperius">S. hesperius</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FB19FB20FAA1AEB9" baseAuthorityName="Muller & Henle" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1267,1399,1235,1259]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">S. capensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FA6DFB20FEF0AF5C" authorityName="Compagno" authorityYear="1988" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="comoroensis">S. comoroensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FED8FB04FE40AF5D" authorityName="Springer" authorityYear="1966" box="[306,406,1270,1295]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meadi">S. meadi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FE48FB04FDF1AF5C" baseAuthorityName="Tanaka" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[418,551,1271,1294]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torazame">S. torazame</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FD8CFB04FD14AF5C" authorityName="Howell Rivero" authorityYear="1936" box="[614,706,1271,1294]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FD8CFB04FD14AF5C" box="[614,706,1271,1294]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. torrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; reticulate pattern in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FC5EFB04FBC0AF5D" baseAuthorityName="Garman" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[948,1046,1271,1295]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FC5EFB04FBC0AF5D" box="[948,1046,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. retifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; spots predominantly smaller than spiracles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FECAFAE8FE10AF61" authorityName="Soares, Gomes & de Carvalho" authorityYear="2016" box="[288,454,1306,1331]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabofriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FECAFAE8FE10AF61" box="[288,454,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. cabofriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FDEAFAE8FDA8AF61" authorityName=": Springer" authorityYear="1979" box="[512,638,1306,1331]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canicula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FDEAFAE8FDA8AF61" box="[512,638,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. canicula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; dark spots more frequent within saddles and subsaddles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FADAFAE8FAA1AF61" baseAuthorityName="Springer" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[1328,1399,1306,1331]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FADAFAE8FAA1AF61" box="[1328,1399,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. boa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FA6DFAE8FF2AAF05" authorityName=": Springer" authorityYear="1979" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haeckelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FA6DFAE8FF2AAF05" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. haeckelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FED3FACCFE5CAF04" authorityName="Soares, Gadig & Gomes" authorityYear="2015" box="[313,394,1343,1366]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ugoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FED3FACCFE5CAF04" box="[313,394,1343,1366]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. ugoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); pelvic fins trapezoidal (vs. subtriangular in other species, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FB76FACCFAC3AF05" authorityName=": Poll" authorityYear="1951" box="[1180,1301,1342,1367]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FB76FACCFAC3AF05" box="[1180,1301,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. stellaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); counts of monospondylous vertebrae 48 (vs. lower values in all other species, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FC04FA90FB99AF29" authorityName="Springer" authorityYear="1966" box="[1006,1103,1378,1403]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meadi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FC04FA90FB99AF29" box="[1006,1103,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. meadi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The following combination of characters, although less conspicuous, also helps distinguish this species: saddles inconspicuous (vs. saddles prominent in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FEC7FA58FB5AAF91" box="[301,1164,1450,1475]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FEC7FA58FE7BAF91" baseAuthorityName="Muller & Henle" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[301,429,1451,1475]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">S. capensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FE52FA58FDB5AF91" authorityName="Compagno" authorityYear="1988" box="[440,611,1451,1475]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="comoroensis">S. comoroensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FD84FA58FD24AF91" authorityName=": Springer" authorityYear="1979" box="[622,754,1450,1475]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haeckelii">S. haeckelii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FD17FA58FC51AF91" authorityName="Springer" authorityYear="1966" box="[765,903,1450,1475]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperius">S. hesperius</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FC79FA58FC20AF91" authorityName="Springer" authorityYear="1966" box="[915,1014,1450,1475]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meadi">S. meadi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FBEBFA58FB5EAF91" baseAuthorityName="Tanaka" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1025,1160,1451,1475]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torazame">S. torazame</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FB28FA58FAC6AF91" authorityName="Soares, Gadig & Gomes" authorityYear="2015" box="[1218,1296,1451,1475]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ugoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FB28FA58FAC6AF91" box="[1218,1296,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. ugoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); light spots absent (vs. present in all other species, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FD5EFA3CFCEBAFB4" authorityName="Maurin & Bonnet" authorityYear="1970" box="[692,829,1487,1510]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cervigoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FD5EFA3CFCEBAFB4" box="[692,829,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. cervigoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); anterior nasal flaps reaching the upper lip (vs. not reaching in other species, except
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FDC4FA00FB14AC59" box="[558,1218,1522,1547]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FDC4FA00FD63AC59" authorityName=": Springer" authorityYear="1979" box="[558,693,1522,1547]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canicula">S. canicula</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FD2DFA00FC81AC59" authorityName="Maurin & Bonnet" authorityYear="1970" box="[711,855,1523,1547]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cervigoni">S. cervigoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FC83FA00FBCAAC59" authorityName="Compagno" authorityYear="1988" box="[873,1052,1523,1547]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="comoroensis">S. comoroensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FBC4FA00FB14AC59" baseAuthorityName="Garman" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1070,1218,1522,1547]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duhamelii">S. duhamelii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FAE7FA00FA5DAC59" authorityName=": Poll" authorityYear="1951" box="[1293,1419,1522,1547]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FAE7FA00FA5DAC59" box="[1293,1419,1522,1547]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. stellaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); interdorsal space 0.7 times the anal base length (vs. greater than the anal base in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FB81F9E4FD03AC01" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FB81F9E4FB6FAC7D" baseAuthorityName="Springer" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[1131,1209,1558,1583]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boa">S. boa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FB20F9E4FAA1AC7D" authorityName="Soares, Gomes & de Carvalho" authorityYear="2016" box="[1226,1399,1558,1583]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabofriensis">S. cabofriensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FA6DF9E4FF29AC01" authorityName=": Springer" authorityYear="1979" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haeckelii">S. haeckelii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FEE0F9C8FE42AC01" authorityName="Springer" authorityYear="1966" box="[266,404,1594,1619]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperius">S. hesperius</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FE75F9C8FDD4AC01" authorityName="Springer" authorityYear="1966" box="[415,514,1594,1619]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meadi">S. meadi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FDE4F9C8FDB9AC01" baseAuthorityName="Garman" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[526,623,1595,1619]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retifer">S. retifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FD93F9C8FD03AC01" authorityName="Howell Rivero" authorityYear="1936" box="[633,725,1595,1619]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torrei">S. torrei</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0230647FCF8F9C8FC89AC01" authorityName="Soares, Gadig & Gomes" authorityYear="2015" box="[786,863,1595,1619]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ugoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FCF8F9C8FC89AC01" box="[786,863,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. ugoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30AA1E5D0230645FF2DF9ADFB4AAC7F" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0230647FF2DF9ADFF6CACC9" blockId="64.[151,1437,1162,1835]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0230647FF2DF9ADFE87AC25" bold="true" box="[199,337,1630,1655]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Morphometric and meristic data of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AB4CCCD0230647FCCAF9ADFC54AC25" box="[800,898,1630,1655]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(and only known specimen) are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C692C7D5D0230647FAB4F9ADFF60ACC9" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="50.[151,239,724,747]" captionTargetBox="[159,1370,806,1986]" captionText="TABLE 10. Morphometric and meristic data of Scyliorhinus comoroensis and S. garmani. Total length (TL) in mm, other measurements as percentages of TL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6FA2E6D0510635FF7DFD27FD8FA959" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" tableUuid="DF6FA2E6D0510635FF7DFD27FD8FA959">Table 10</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0230647FF2DF955FC48AD79" blockId="64.[151,1437,1162,1835]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Body slender and cylindrical, tapering considerably posterior to cloaca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132BEEEBD0230647FC1CF955FB9DACED" box="[1014,1099,1702,1727]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="65.[151,250,639,661]" captionTargetBox="[345,1236,208,602]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[340,1247,193,617]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 46. Holotype of Scyliorhinus garmani (Fowler, 1934), USNM 43749, female, 267.2 mm TL ("East Indies", probably Philippines). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view. Scale bar = 20 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669821/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prepectoral length 0.4 times the prepelvic length. Trunk shorter than tail; snout-vent length 0.8 times vent-caudal length. Pectoral-pelvic space 1.8 times the pelvic-anal space. Interdorsal space 1.5 times the dorsal-caudal space (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C692C7D5D0230647FB90F91DFB01AD55" box="[1146,1239,1774,1799]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="50.[151,239,724,747]" captionTargetBox="[159,1370,806,1986]" captionText="TABLE 10. Morphometric and meristic data of Scyliorhinus comoroensis and S. garmani. Total length (TL) in mm, other measurements as percentages of TL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6FA2E6D0510635FF7DFD27FD8FA959" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" tableUuid="DF6FA2E6D0510635FF7DFD27FD8FA959">Tab. 10</tableCitation>
|
||
). No interdorsal, postdorsal or postanal ridges; lateral crest on caudal peduncle absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6FA2E6D0220646FF7DFD8CFCF3A8E1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669821/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" startId="65.[151,250,639,661]" targetBox="[345,1236,208,602]" targetPageId="65">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0220646FF7DFD8CFCF3A8E1" blockId="65.[151,1436,639,691]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0220646FF7DFD8CFEF6A8C7" bold="true" box="[151,288,639,661]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 46.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0220646FE4FFD8CFCC8A8C7" authority="(Fowler, 1934)" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[421,798,639,661]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0220646FE4FFD8CFD56A8C7" box="[421,640,639,661]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Scyliorhinus garmani</emphasis>
|
||
(Fowler, 1934)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNM 43749, female, 267.2 mm TL ("East Indies", probably Philippines). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view. Scale bar = 20 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6FA2E6D0220646FF7DF9CFFAA7AC23" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669823/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" startId="65.[151,250,1596,1618]" targetBox="[356,1241,760,1570]" targetPageId="65">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0220646FF7DF9CFFAA7AC23" blockId="65.[151,1436,1596,1649]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0220646FF7DF9CFFEF4AC00" bold="true" box="[151,290,1596,1618]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 47.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0220646FEC1F9CFFDDEAC01" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[299,520,1596,1619]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0220646FEC1F9CFFDDEAC01" box="[299,520,1596,1619]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Scyliorhinus garmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNM 43749, female, 267.2 mm TL ("East Indies", probably Philippines). A, ventral view of head and pectoral fins; B, lateral view of head; C, dorsal view of head; D, detail of pelvic fins. Scale bar = 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0220646FF2DF96BFC80ACAA" blockId="65.[151,1437,1688,2037]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Head moderately broad and depressed; head length 1.7 times head width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132BEEEBD0220646FBECF96BFBB2ACE3" box="[1030,1124,1688,1713]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="65.[151,250,639,661]" captionTargetBox="[345,1236,208,602]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[340,1247,193,617]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 46. Holotype of Scyliorhinus garmani (Fowler, 1934), USNM 43749, female, 267.2 mm TL ("East Indies", probably Philippines). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view. Scale bar = 20 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669821/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figs. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132BEEEBD0220646FB9AF96AFB46ACE3" box="[1136,1168,1689,1713]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[356,1241,760,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[340,1247,741,1575]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 47. Scyliorhinus garmani, USNM 43749, female, 267.2 mm TL ("East Indies", probably Philippines). A, ventral view of head and pectoral fins; B, lateral view of head; C, dorsal view of head; D, detail of pelvic fins. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669823/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">47</figureCitation>
|
||
). Snout relatively short, preoral length 0.6 times mouth width and 0.8 times smaller than preorbital length. Prenasal length 0.7 times internarial space; preorbital length 0.8 times interorbital space.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0220646FF2DF8F5FB20ADFC" blockId="65.[151,1437,1688,2037]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Eye large and slitlike, eye length 2 times its height and 0.2 times smaller than head length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132BEEEBD0220646FB38F8F7FAE6AD4F" box="[1234,1328,1796,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="65.[151,250,639,661]" captionTargetBox="[345,1236,208,602]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[340,1247,193,617]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 46. Holotype of Scyliorhinus garmani (Fowler, 1934), USNM 43749, female, 267.2 mm TL ("East Indies", probably Philippines). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view. Scale bar = 20 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669821/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figs. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132BEEEBD0220646FAD6F8F6FA8AAD4F" box="[1340,1372,1797,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[356,1241,760,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[340,1247,741,1575]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 47. Scyliorhinus garmani, USNM 43749, female, 267.2 mm TL ("East Indies", probably Philippines). A, ventral view of head and pectoral fins; B, lateral view of head; C, dorsal view of head; D, detail of pelvic fins. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669823/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">47</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eye dorsolateral on head, with lower edge medial to horizontal head rim in dorsal view; subocular ridge strong. Nictitating lower eyelid of rudimentary
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AB4CCCD0220646FDB1F8BDFD58AD34" box="[603,654,1870,1894]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, with shallow subocular pouch and secondary lower eyelid free from upper eyelid. Spiracle close behind but well separated from eyes, dorsolaterally on head and somewhat lower than level of eye notch. Spiracle diameter goes 4.3 times in eye length and 10 times in interorbital width.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0220646FF2DF84BFB9DADA7" blockId="65.[151,1437,1688,2037]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">First two gill openings about equally wide; first one twice as long as fifth. All gill openings slightly concave and not elevated on dorsolateral surface of head; gill filaments not visible externally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0210645FF2DFF64FD88AB36" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Nostril with broad incurrent aperture, without nasoral groove or nasal barbel, and small and oval excurrent aperture. Anterior nasal flap large, triangular, and covering posterior nasal flap excurrent aperture and upper lip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132BEEEBD0210645FF75FF2CFEDDAAAA" box="[159,267,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[356,1241,760,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[340,1247,741,1575]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 47. Scyliorhinus garmani, USNM 43749, female, 267.2 mm TL ("East Indies", probably Philippines). A, ventral view of head and pectoral fins; B, lateral view of head; C, dorsal view of head; D, detail of pelvic fins. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669823/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 47A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesonarial ridge distinct and exceeding the posterior border of the anterior nasal flap, overlapping upper lip and jaw. Posterior nasal flap rectangular, situated on the posterior border of the anterior nasal flap. Mesonarial superior and inferior flaps conical and corresponding to 1/4 of the anterior nasal flap. Internarial space 0.6 times smaller than interorbital space.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0210645FF2DFE9CFD1EABA7" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Mouth arched, moderately wide and short, its length goes 1.7 times in mouth width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132BEEEBD0210645FB74FE9CFB23ABDA" box="[1182,1269,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[356,1241,760,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[340,1247,741,1575]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 47. Scyliorhinus garmani, USNM 43749, female, 267.2 mm TL ("East Indies", probably Philippines). A, ventral view of head and pectoral fins; B, lateral view of head; C, dorsal view of head; D, detail of pelvic fins. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669823/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lower labial furrow short and narrow, 3.4 times smaller than mouth width. Dorsal labial cartilage 1.3 times the ventral cartilage; anterior tip of dorsal labial cartilage reaching the orbital process of the palatoquadrate. Tongue flat and rounded, light-colored, with oral papillae hardly detectable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0210645FF2DFE0CFAF1A8FA" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Monognathic heterodonty gradual well developed; anterior teeth abruptly larger than the parasymphysial ones and lateral teeth smaller distally, with smaller and thicker principal cusps. Tooth counts 22–24/
|
||
<date id="FFAED4AED0210645FB02FDD7FA9BA86E" box="[1256,1357,548,572]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1922-01-22">22–1–22.</date>
|
||
Upper teeth with slightly higher principal cusps than lower ones, and striae longer and stouter. Parasymphysial and anterior teeth similar in shape and principal cusp straight; one cusplet on each side of the principal cusp. Lateral teeth with principal cusp slightly oblique and one cusplet at each side. Commissural teeth not examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0210645FF2DFD47FA93A96A" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Lateral trunk denticles with flat, elongated teardrop-shaped crowns (examination under stereomicroscope). Crown with a strong medial ridge extending its entire length onto long principal cusp and flanked by lateral ridges less prominent. Row of denticles on each side on the body extending from the level of pectoral fin origin until the first dorsal fin origin; 25 denticles slightly larger than the adjacent ones, smooth and with no pigmentation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0210645FF2DFCB7FD3DA9D2" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Pectoral fin base 0.7 times mouth width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132BEEEBD0210645FD7FFCB7FD28A90E" box="[661,766,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[356,1241,760,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[340,1247,741,1575]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 47. Scyliorhinus garmani, USNM 43749, female, 267.2 mm TL ("East Indies", probably Philippines). A, ventral view of head and pectoral fins; B, lateral view of head; C, dorsal view of head; D, detail of pelvic fins. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669823/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 47A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pectoral anterior margin 2.4 times its base and 2 times the posterior margin. Pectoral fin skeleton not examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0210645FF2DFC7FFBE3A99A" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Pelvic fin subrectangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132BEEEBD0210645FE19FC7FFD88A9F6" box="[499,606,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[356,1241,760,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[340,1247,741,1575]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 47. Scyliorhinus garmani, USNM 43749, female, 267.2 mm TL ("East Indies", probably Philippines). A, ventral view of head and pectoral fins; B, lateral view of head; C, dorsal view of head; D, detail of pelvic fins. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669823/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 47D</figureCitation>
|
||
); pelvic anterior margin 1.8 times the posterior margin and 1.1 times the pelvic base. Posterior margin perpendicular to the anteroposterior axis of the body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0210645FF2DFC27FCD2AE0A" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
First dorsal fin subrectangular, with nearly straight anterior margin and rounded apex; angular free rear tip with the same inclination as the anterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132BEEEBD0210645FD66FC04FD37AE42" box="[652,737,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="65.[151,250,639,661]" captionTargetBox="[345,1236,208,602]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[340,1247,193,617]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 46. Holotype of Scyliorhinus garmani (Fowler, 1934), USNM 43749, female, 267.2 mm TL ("East Indies", probably Philippines). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view. Scale bar = 20 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669821/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
). First dorsal fin origin opposite to the 1/4 posterior of pelvic fin base. First dorsal fin insertion opposite to half-length of pelvic fin inner margins. Anterior margin 1.6 times first dorsal fin base; first dorsal fin height 0.8 times its base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0210645FF2DFB97FAECAE97" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Second dorsal fin smaller than the first and triangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132BEEEBD0210645FCCCFB97FCAFAE2F" box="[806,889,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="65.[151,250,639,661]" captionTargetBox="[345,1236,208,602]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[340,1247,193,617]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 46. Holotype of Scyliorhinus garmani (Fowler, 1934), USNM 43749, female, 267.2 mm TL ("East Indies", probably Philippines). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view. Scale bar = 20 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669821/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Second dorsal fin origin slightly opposite to the half-length of anal fin base. Anterior margin 1.5 times base of second dorsal fin; second dorsal base 1.8 times its height and 1.2 times the dorsal-caudal distance. First dorsal fin 1.2 times larger than the second dorsal fin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0210645FF2DFB3CFB14AF07" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Anal fin low, apically narrow, not falcate and similar to second dorsal fin; anal fin base 1.7 times the second dorsal fin base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132BEEEBD0210645FEB9FB07FE7DAF5F" box="[339,427,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="65.[151,250,639,661]" captionTargetBox="[345,1236,208,602]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[340,1247,193,617]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 46. Holotype of Scyliorhinus garmani (Fowler, 1934), USNM 43749, female, 267.2 mm TL ("East Indies", probably Philippines). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view. Scale bar = 20 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669821/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anal fin anterior margin nearly straight, apex narrowly rounded, free rear tip acutely pointed, and inner margin straight. Anal fin base 1.4 times the interdorsal distance and 2 times the dorsal-caudal distance. Anal anterior margin 2.1 times the posterior margin; anal fin height 0.3 times its base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0210645FF2DFAACFB0BAFED" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Caudal fin narrow-lobed and asymmetrical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132BEEEBD0210645FD53FAACFCD8AF2A" box="[697,782,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="65.[151,250,639,661]" captionTargetBox="[345,1236,208,602]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[340,1247,193,617]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 46. Holotype of Scyliorhinus garmani (Fowler, 1934), USNM 43749, female, 267.2 mm TL ("East Indies", probably Philippines). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view. Scale bar = 20 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669821/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal caudal lobe 1.7 times larger than preventral lobe; subterminal caudal margin as long as the terminal margin. Caudal crest of enlarged denticles absent on caudal fin margins. Neurocranium examined through radiographs; corresponding to approximately 10% TL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0210645FF2DFA3FFB4AAC7F" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0210645FF2DFA3FFE10AFB7" bold="true" box="[199,454,1484,1509]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Coloration in alcohol</emphasis>
|
||
. Body light beige with nine saddles that are only slightly darker than the background color (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132BEEEBD0210645FF0EFA1CFEEAAC5A" box="[228,316,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="65.[151,250,639,661]" captionTargetBox="[345,1236,208,602]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[340,1247,193,617]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 46. Holotype of Scyliorhinus garmani (Fowler, 1934), USNM 43749, female, 267.2 mm TL ("East Indies", probably Philippines). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view. Scale bar = 20 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669821/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dark brown spots larger than the spiracle, scattered around the dorsolateral surfaces and fins, including the anal fin. Belly and ventral surface of paired fins without spots, cream in color.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30AA1E5D0210645FF2DF9C4FB18ACCA" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0210645FF2DF9C4FB18ACCA" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0210645FF2DF9C4FE8FAC02" bold="true" box="[199,345,1591,1616]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. The type locality mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0210645FD3CF9C4FCAFAC02" author="Fowler, H. W." box="[726,889,1591,1616]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="233 - 367" refId="ref68028" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1934) Descriptions of new fishes obtained 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 85, 233 - 367." type="journal article" year="1934">Fowler (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is “East Indies”. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AB4CCCD0210645FB92F9C4FB0CAC02" box="[1144,1242,1591,1616]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was captured by
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0210645FF7DF9AEFEFFAC27" box="[151,297,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">RV Albatross</emphasis>
|
||
during a survey around the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F307B2FED0210645FD88F9AFFD36AC27" box="[610,736,1628,1653]" name="Philippines" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
between
|
||
<date id="FFAED4AED0210645FCA1F9AFFC23AC26" box="[843,1013,1628,1653]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1907" valueMax="1910">1907 and 1910</date>
|
||
, and probably close to this country, in the Indo-Western Pacific (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0210645FE51F973FDACACCA" author="Compagno, L. J. V." box="[443,634,1664,1688]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="251 - 655" refId="ref65696" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984) FAO species catalogue. Fol. 4. Sharks of the world: An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. In: FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125. Fol. 4. Part 2. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655." type="book chapter" year="1984">Compagno 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0210645FD6FF973FC57ACCA" author="Compagno, L. J. V. & Dando, M. & Fowler, S." box="[645,897,1663,1688]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref66247" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Sharks of the World. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 368 pp." type="book" year="2005">
|
||
Compagno
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0210645FCEDF972FCEEACCA" box="[775,824,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Ebert
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0210645FC3BF972FBDFACCA" box="[977,1033,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013a) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132BEEEBD0210645FB87F98CFB17ACCA" box="[1133,1217,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="67.[151,250,1130,1152]" captionTargetBox="[231,1352,341,1096]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[226,1360,337,1109]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 48. Map showing the geographic distribution of Scyliorhinus garmani based on material examined in this study. Black star indicates the type locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669825/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30AA1E5D0210645FF2DF957FB14ACB2" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0210645FF2DF957FB14ACB2" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0210645FF2DF957FE90ACEF" bold="true" box="[199,326,1700,1725]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The specific name ‘garmani’ was dedicated to Samuel Walton Garman (
|
||
<date id="FFAED4AED0210645FB7FF957FACEACEE" box="[1173,1304,1700,1724]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1843" valueMax="1927">1843–1927</date>
|
||
), renowned herpetologist and ichthyologist of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard University.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30AA1E5D0210644FF2DF91FFB74AFB2" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0210645FF2DF91FFF03AD22" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0210645FF2DF91FFEE2AD57" bold="true" box="[199,308,1772,1797]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. This species was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0210645FD5FF91FFC8CAD56" author="Fowler, H. W." box="[693,858,1772,1797]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="233 - 367" refId="ref68028" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1934) Descriptions of new fishes obtained 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 85, 233 - 367." type="journal article" year="1934">Fowler (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and originally allocated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0210645FB49F91FFAF7AD57" box="[1187,1313,1772,1797]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Halaelurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0210645FB49F91FFAF7AD57" box="[1187,1313,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Halaelurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0210645FF7DF8FCFEC3AD7A" box="[151,277,1807,1832]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Halaelurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0210645FF7DF8FCFEC3AD7A" box="[151,277,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Halaelurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The author suggested there is a similarity between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0210645FCB6F8E3FC0EAD7A" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[860,984,1808,1832]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0210645FCB6F8E3FC0EAD7A" box="[860,984,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">S. garmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0210645FBE4F8E2FBA2AD7A" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[1038,1140,1807,1832]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Halaelurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="analis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0210645FBE4F8E2FBA2AD7A" box="[1038,1140,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">H. analis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0210645FB76F8FCFAB6AD7A" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[1180,1376,1807,1832]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Asymbolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="analis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0210645FB76F8FCFAB6AD7A" box="[1180,1376,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Asymbolus analis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but pointed out that the first species differs in color pattern by having large and prominent dark spots and saddles on the body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0210644FF2DF88FFF3FAB4E" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="67.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0210645FF2DF88FFEBBADC6" author="Fowler, H. W." box="[199,365,1916,1941]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 879" refId="ref68071" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchi, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostariophysi obtained by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer " Albattross " in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 13, 1 - 879." type="journal article" year="1941">Fowler (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
retained the same classification and presented a definition for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0210645FB0CF88FFAB2ADC7" box="[1254,1380,1916,1941]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Halaelurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0210645FB0CF88FFAB2ADC7" box="[1254,1380,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Halaelurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but contradicted the characters present in the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0210645FC83F852FC35ADEA" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[873,995,1953,1976]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0210645FC83F852FC35ADEA" box="[873,995,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">S. garmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These characters were the presence of moderate or short labial furrows in both jaws and anterior nasal flaps not reaching the mouth. According to the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0200644FED2FF6BFE64AAE2" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[312,434,152,176]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0200644FED2FF6BFE64AAE2" box="[312,434,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. garmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, anterior nasal flaps not only reach the mouth but also overlap the upper lip, and only the lower labial furrow is present, although the upper furrow was illustrated (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0200644FC3AFF4FFBBFAA86" author="Fowler, H. W." box="[976,1129,188,213]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 879" refId="ref68071" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchi, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostariophysi obtained by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer " Albattross " in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 13, 1 - 879." type="journal article" year="1941">Fowler, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; p. 49, fig. 1). On the other hand,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0200644FF34FF13FE8DAAAA" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[222,347,224,248]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0200644FF34FF13FE8DAAAA" box="[222,347,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. garmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could easily have been allocated to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0200644FCE9FF2CFC58AAAA" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[771,910,223,248]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0200644FCE9FF2CFC58AAAA" box="[771,910,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Scyliorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the description provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0200644FAA7FF2CFF33AB4E" author="Fowler, H. W." pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 879" refId="ref68071" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchi, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostariophysi obtained by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer " Albattross " in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 13, 1 - 879." type="journal article" year="1941">Fowler (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6FA2E6D0200644FF7DFB99FDDAAECD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669825/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" startId="67.[151,250,1130,1152]" targetBox="[231,1352,341,1096]" targetPageId="67">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0200644FF7DFB99FDDAAECD" blockId="67.[151,1437,1130,1183]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0200644FF7DFB99FEF4AED2" bold="true" box="[151,290,1130,1152]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">FIGURE 48.</emphasis>
|
||
Map showing the geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0200644FCEBFB99FC08AED2" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[769,990,1130,1152]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0200644FCEBFB99FC08AED2" box="[769,990,1130,1152]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Scyliorhinus garmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on material examined in this study. Black star indicates the type locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0200644FF2DFB38FB03AF02" blockId="67.[151,1437,1227,1504]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0200644FF2DFB38FDC1AEB6" author="Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder W. C." box="[199,535,1227,1252]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref63786" refString="Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder W. C. (1948) Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Part I. Lancelets, Cyclostomes and Sharks. Yale University, New Haven, 576 pp." type="book" year="1948">Bigelow & Schroeder (1948)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
emphasized the relevance of labial furrows in definitions of catshark genera. Considering the taxonomic key provided by these authors, however,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0200644FC48FB03FBC8AF5A" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[930,1054,1264,1288]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0200644FC48FB03FBC8AF5A" box="[930,1054,1264,1288]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. garmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would have been allocated in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0200644FF0BFAE0FEBBAF7E" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[225,365,1299,1324]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0200644FF0BFAE0FEBBAF7E" box="[225,365,1299,1324]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Scyliorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0200644FE38FAE0FD86AF7E" box="[466,592,1299,1324]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Halaelurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0200644FE38FAE0FD86AF7E" box="[466,592,1299,1324]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Halaelurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0200644FDB5FAE0FC59AF7E" author="Springer, V. G. & Garrick, J. A. F." box="[607,911,1299,1324]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="73 - 96" refId="ref74529" refString="Springer, V. G. & Garrick, J. A. F. (1964) A survey of vertebral numbers in sharks. Proceedings of the. U. S. National Museum, 116, 73 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.116 - 3496.73" type="journal article" year="1964">Springer & Garrick (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
presented a table with counts of vertebrae for catsharks and placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0200644FE6FFACAFE32AF02" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[389,484,1337,1360]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0200644FE6FFACAFE32AF02" box="[389,484,1337,1360]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">garmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0200644FDE2FAC4FD42AF02" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[520,660,1335,1360]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0200644FDE2FAC4FD42AF02" box="[520,660,1335,1360]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Scyliorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the first time, but no explanation was provided.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFF26ED0200644FF2DFAA8FB74AFB2" blockId="67.[151,1437,1227,1504]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0200644FF2DFAA8FEABAF26" author="Springer, S." box="[199,381,1371,1396]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 97" refId="ref74458" refString="Springer, S. (1979) A revision of the catsharks, Family Scyliorhinidae. NOAA technical report NMFS CIRC, 422, 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="1979">Springer (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AB4CCCD0200644FDC4FAA8FD46AF26" box="[558,656,1371,1396]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0200644FD54FAAFFCEBAF26" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[702,829,1372,1396]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0200644FD54FAAFFCEBAF26" box="[702,829,1372,1396]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. garmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and pointed out that, besides having labial furrows typical for species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0200644FE71FA8CFDF1AFCA" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[411,551,1407,1432]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0200644FE71FA8CFDF1AFCA" box="[411,551,1407,1432]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Scyliorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the species presents the supraorbital crest on the neurocranium (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0200644FF7DFA50FEC3AFEE" box="[151,277,1443,1468]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Halaelurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0200644FF7DFA50FEC3AFEE" box="[151,277,1443,1468]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Halaelurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Therefore, the species was confirmed belonging in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1089EDD0200644FC6EFA50FBC6AFEE" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[900,1040,1443,1468]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0200644FC6EFA50FBC6AFEE" box="[900,1040,1443,1468]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Scyliorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; subsequent authors followed this arrangement (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0200644FEDBFA3BFE27AFB2" author="Compagno, L. J. V." box="[305,497,1480,1504]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="251 - 655" refId="ref65696" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984) FAO species catalogue. Fol. 4. Sharks of the world: An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. In: FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125. Fol. 4. Part 2. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655." type="book chapter" year="1984">Compagno 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0200644FE16FA3BFD21AFB2" author="Compagno, L. J. V. & Dando, M. & Fowler, S." box="[508,759,1479,1504]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref66247" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Sharks of the World. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 368 pp." type="book" year="2005">
|
||
Compagno
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0200644FD97FA3AFD79AFB2" box="[637,687,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Ebert
|
||
<emphasis id="B9642E7CD0200644FCADFA3AFCA9AFB2" box="[839,895,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013a;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF818F9FD0200644FC33FA34FB40AFB2" author="Weigmann, S." box="[985,1174,1479,1504]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="837 - 1037" refId="ref75151" refString="Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88 (3), 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874" type="journal article" year="2016">Weigmann 2016</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |