244 lines
30 KiB
XML
244 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3F986722FCE7595950A8721F2097ED7B">Additions to the late Eocene Süngülü mammal fauna in Easternmost Anatolia and the Eocene-Oligocene transition at the periphery of Balkanatolia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F30FEA041AC0307F4977D78802953CEF">Métais, Grégoire</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="69071368B3C759315F2C21A8A4BC7AA0">Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR 2 P), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, case postale 38, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris, cedex 05 (France) gregoire. metais @ mnhn. fr (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="12C5F1D1FFDD5EED7C50304C8D1ADE39">Coster, Pauline</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BBC0158EA5CABD2DE9A5C5C68142DDA5">Réserve Naturelle Nationale Géologique du Luberon, Parc naturel régional du Luberon, Luberon UNESCO Global Geopark, 60 Place Jean Jaurès, F- 84400 Apt (France) pauline. coster @ parcduluberon. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A467C983061833D101393E0284F69FF9" type="email">pauline.coster@parcduluberon.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="70974C65B20FB1FFD833219CDBB7D693">Licht, Alexis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BFA514D200C5ABA7441D832D913C0DFC">CEREGE, Technopole Environnement Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, cedex 04 (France) licht @ cerege. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FA243083375D22EECBFF3C6A14E60107" type="email">licht@cerege.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="ABCDF829990E403825B31799F7EBD436">Ocakoğlu, Faruk</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="88D868B64942326DB397C04765DAF97D">Department of Geological Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Meşelik Yerleşkesi, 26040, Odunpazarı, Eskişehir (Turkey) focakoglu @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DE4EE3F3A81D4FA254A0D054030D6D50" type="email">focakoglu@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="BAC1148D854024E4E3FA698855711192">Beard, K. Christopher</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="28FBA7599140A21AE7781C51BAC6258C">Comptes Rendus Palevol</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E7F18C144852FBBDBADDC95F29C2F55F">
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<mods:date id="3075D9F7A683AC4FD500493EE095A7DE">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:url id="ABBD342BEF2E59C15D92E43CF3E74880">http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a35</mods:url>
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<treatment id="03B687A8FFB1DF4FFED5F90E65F62582" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14238403" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14238403" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B687A8FFB1DF4FFED5F90E65F62582" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A8FFB1DF4FFED5F90E65F62582" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="717" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" scope_class="Mammalia" scope_family="Bachitheriidae" scope_order="Artiodactyla" scope_subOrder="Ruminantia">
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B96BEAACFFB1DF4EFEF3F90E663720FE" box="[381,523,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Bachitherium</emphasis>
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sp.
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(
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<figureCitation id="13242A3BFFB1DF4EFE1CF92E65ED211E" box="[402,465,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[134,143,1453,1470]" captionTargetBox="[294,1301,196,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-524@6.[294,841,780,1348]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Dental remains and post-cranial material of ruminants from Süngülü: A-O, Iberomeryx sp. cf. I. parvus: A, B, Sü-2002, left p3 in occlusal (A) and lingual (B) views; C, Sü-2020, left p4 in occlusal view; D, Sü-2005, talonid of left p4 in occlusal view; E, F, Sü-2003, left p4 in occlusal (E) and lingual (F) views; G, Sü- 2010, lingual half of a right upper molar in occlusal view; H, I, Sü-2009, right m1 in occlusal (H) and labial (I) views; J-L, Sü-2014, right astragalus in anterior (J), medial (K) and lateral (L) views; M-O, Sü-2013, right astragalus in anterior (M), medial (N) and lateral (O) views; P, Q, Iberomeryx sp., Sü-2016, left m3 (third lobe lacking) in occlusal (P1, P2 is the line drawing, blue areas how missing parts) and labial (Q) views; R, S, cf. Bachitherium sp.: R, Sü-2017, lingual half of a right upper molar in occlusal view; S, Sü-2019, talonid of a left p4 in occlusal view (S1, S2 is the line drawing, blue areas how missing parts). The grey areas show the parts of the teeth that are broken, and missing. Abbreviations: acf, astragalo-calcaneal facet; daf, distal astragalar facet; imf, internal malleolus facet. Scale bars: A-I, P-S, 1 mm; J-O, 4 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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R-S)
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<subSubSection id="C3056535FFB1DF4EFF0AF8EF65C82177" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" type="materials_examined">
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. —
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, lingual half of a right molar (M1 or M2)
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;
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<materialsCitation id="3B773CE3FFB1DF4EFF58F89165C82177" box="[214,500,1869,1893]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" specimenCode="Su-2019" specimenCount="1">
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, talonid of a left p4.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3056535FFB1DF4EFF0AF85861932573" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" type="diagnosis">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D46A062FFB1DF4EFF0AF85864D12188" baselines="1941,1942" box="[132,237,1924,1947]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Diagnosis" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
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(from
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B4FFFB1DF4EFEA5F858660F218E" author="METAIS G. & VISLOBOKOVA I. A." box="[299,563,1924,1948]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" pagination="189 - 212" refId="ref14834" refString="METAIS G. & VISLOBOKOVA I. A. 2007. - Basal ruminants, in PROTHERO D. R. & FOSS S. E. (eds), The evolution of artiodactyls. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore: 189 - 212." type="book chapter" year="2007">Métais & Vislobokova 2007</bibRefCitation>
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). — Elongated muzzle with small orbits placed relatively posteriorly (the anterior border of the orbit is situated above M2), postorbital bar partly formed by the jugal apophysis, sagittal crest developed and extending posteriorly into temporal crests, small auditory bullae, lacrimal fossa absent, strong paraoccipital apophysis, limited postero-lateral exposure of the mastoid, ethmoidal fissure moderately developed, post-glenoid apophysis well-developed; the angular region of the mandible is extended posteriorly and upward, and the coronoid apophysis is much higher than the articular joint suggesting strong abductor muscles. Dental Formula: 0/3 1/1 3/4 3/3, upper canine tusk-like, slightly curved posteriorly, and occludes against the anterior side of the caniniform p1, P1 lost, very long diastema between C and P2, lower incisors as the incisiform canine are small, small diastema between c and p1, and long diastema between p1 and p2. Radius and ulna separate, tibia and fibula partially fused, distal extremity reduced to a malleolar bone, Mc III and IV unfused, Mt III and IV fused proximally, lateral metatarsals absent, astragalus with unparallel trochlea, crural index close to that of the extant genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D3DFFB1DF4EFAD4FC9561942573" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1370,1448,841,865]" class="Mammalia" family="Moschidae" genus="Moschus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96BEAACFFB1DF4EFAD4FC9561942573" box="[1370,1448,841,865]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Moschus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3056535FFB1DF4EFCA3FCA660EA2207" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" type="distribution">
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. — Outcrop of unnamed rock unit consisting of
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<emphasis id="B96BEAACFFB1DF4EFAD0FCA661522583" box="[1374,1390,890,913]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">c.</emphasis>
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<quantity id="4CE79B5BFFB1DF4EFAFDFCA561932583" box="[1395,1455,889,913]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
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thick tuffite bed containing gastropod operculae superposed by
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<emphasis id="B96BEAACFFB1DF4EFCA0FC73670925D4" box="[814,821,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">c</emphasis>
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.
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||
thick white silty limestone with silicified nodules exposed in a streambed roughly two km northwest of Süngülü,
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<collectingRegion id="49DBF85CFFB1DF4EFAD7FC1467B525E9" country="Turkey" name="Ardahan" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Ardahan Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F308762EFFB1DF4EFC1AFC3F67E625E9" box="[916,986,995,1019]" name="Turkey" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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||
(de
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B4FFFB1DF4EFB85FC3F60F825E9" author="BRUIJN H. DE & UNAY E. & SARAC G. & YILMAZ A." box="[1035,1220,995,1019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" pagination="47 - 76" refId="ref12482" refString="BRUIJN H. DE, UNAY E., SARAC G. & YILMAZ A. 2003. - A rodent assemblage from the Eo / Oligocene boundary interval near Sungulu, Lesser Caucasus, Turkey. Coloquios de Paleontologia Volumen Extraordinario, 1: 47 - 76." type="journal article" year="2003">
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||
Bruijn
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||
<emphasis id="B96BEAACFFB1DF4EFBD9FC3860B625E9" box="[1111,1162,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">et al.</emphasis>
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2003
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: fig. 1). Latest Eocene according to de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B4FFFB1DF4EFC40FC2160BB2204" author="BRUIJN H. DE & MARKOVIC Z. & WESSELS W. & MILIVOJEVIC M. & VAN DE WEERD A. A." box="[974,1159,1021,1046]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" pagination="441 - 458" refId="ref12531" refString="BRUIJN H. DE, MARKOVIC Z., WESSELS W., MILIVOJEVIC M. & VAN DE WEERD A. A. 2018. - Rodent faunas from the Paleogene of south-east Serbia. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 98 (3): 441 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12549 - 017 - 0305 - 0" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Bruijn
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEAACFFB1DF4EFB9BFC2260792207" box="[1045,1093,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2019).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3056535FFB1DF4EFCA3FBE96193207F" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA036BEFFB1DF4EFCA3FBE96781225F" blockId="8.[811,1457,1077,1645]" box="[813,957,1077,1103]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D46A062FFB1DF4EFCA3FBE96781225F" baselines="1096,1096" box="[813,957,1077,1103]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA036BEFFB1DF4EFCA3FB896193207F" blockId="8.[811,1457,1077,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">The lingual half of the molar preserves highly worn protocone and metaconule; there is no lingual cingulum or entostyle, and there is both a mesial and a distal cingulum; the enamel is relatively thick and smooth. The talonid of p4 which is tentatively referred to the same taxon as the fragmentary upper molar (mostly on the basis of large size) displays in occlusal view a pattern of crests that sets it apart from tragulids and lophiomerycids. The top of the protoconid is preserved and the transversely wide talonid is delimited by two crests extending posteriorly; the labial postprotocristid reaching the posterior margin, where it forms the posterior border of the tooth; the lingual postprotocristid seems to be interrupted at the level of a marked transverse crest which is connected to the labial postprotocristid but without totally reaching the lingual border of the tooth. The disto-lingual border of the tooth is badly damaged but it does not appear that a lingual opening existed. Posterior to the protoconid, there are enamel foldings.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3056535FFB1DF4FFCA3F94F65F62582" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="718" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA036BEFFB1DF4EFCA3F94F607720B9" blockId="8.[811,1457,1683,2028]" box="[813,1099,1683,1709]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D46A062FFB1DF4EFCA3F94F678820B9" baselines="1702,1702" box="[813,948,1683,1709]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Taxonomic" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">TAXONOMIC</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D46A062FFB1DF4EFC35F944607720B9" baselines="1702" box="[955,1099,1688,1707]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="attribution" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">ATTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA036BEFFB1DF4FFCA3F96E65F62582" blockId="8.[811,1457,1683,2028]" lastBlockId="9.[131,777,216,912]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="718" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">
|
||
The lack of a lingual cingulum on the upper molar Sü-2017 is a character seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D3DFFB1DF4EFBACF90E619420FF" authority="(Geraads et al. 1987)" baseAuthorityName="Geraads" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[1058,1448,1746,1773]" class="Mammalia" family="Bachitheriidae" genus="Bachitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEAACFFB1DF4EFBACF90E608F20FE" box="[1058,1203,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Bachitherium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B4FFFB1DF4EFB4AF90E619C20FF" author="GERAADS D. & BOUVRAIN G. & SUDRE J." box="[1220,1440,1746,1773]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" pagination="43 - 73" refId="ref12960" refString="GERAADS D., BOUVRAIN G. & SUDRE J. 1987. - Relations phyletiques de Bachitherium Filhol, ruminant de l'Oligocene d'Europe occidentale. Palaeovertebrata 17 (2): 43 - 73." type="journal article" year="1987">
|
||
Geraads
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEAACFFB1DF4EFAA8F90F616120FE" box="[1318,1373,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. If the premolar Sü-2019 belongs to the same taxon as we hypothesize here, its morphology is also consistent with a p4 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D3DFFB1DF4EFCE6F8EE67CB215E" box="[872,1015,1842,1868]" class="Mammalia" family="Bachitheriidae" genus="Bachitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEAACFFB1DF4EFCE6F8EE67CB215E" box="[872,1015,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Bachitherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This “gutter-like” p4 showing transverse cristids subdividing the talonid into two basins is also present in the type species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D3DFFB1DF4EFBBAF8AE618D219E" authority="Filhol, 1877" authorityName="Filhol" authorityYear="1877" box="[1076,1457,1906,1932]" class="Mammalia" family="Bachitheriidae" genus="Bachitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEAACFFB1DF4EFBBAF8AE6121219E" box="[1076,1309,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Bachitherium curtum</emphasis>
|
||
Filhol, 1877
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNHN-Qu3917-
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A4881CFFB1DF4EFB8CF84E605521BE" box="[1026,1129,1938,1964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D3DFFB1DF4EFB41F84E679121DE" authority="Filhol, 1882" authorityName="Filhol" authorityYear="1882" class="Mammalia" family="Bachitheriidae" genus="Bachitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insigne">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEAACFFB1DF4EFB41F84E618D21BE" box="[1231,1457,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Bachitherium insigne</emphasis>
|
||
Filhol, 1882
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNHN-Qu3902; MNHN-Qu3918-
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A4881CFFB1DF4EFACAF86E619921DE" box="[1348,1445,1970,1996]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
). However, the p4 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D3DFFB1DF4EFB9AF80E60BF21F9" authorityName="Filhol" authorityYear="1877" box="[1044,1155,2002,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Gelocidae" genus="Bachitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEAACFFB1DF4EFB9AF80E60BF21F9" box="[1044,1155,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">B. curtum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D3DFFB1DF4EFB31F80E611721F9" authorityName="Filhol" authorityYear="1882" box="[1215,1323,2002,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Gelocidae" genus="Bachitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insigne">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEAACFFB1DF4EFB31F80E611721F9" box="[1215,1323,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">B. insigne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
display not one but two neocristids extending transversely from the lingual and labial postprotocristids respectively, but they do not fuse and leave a notch, medially situated, between the extremities of these two crests. This morphology is not what is observed on Sü-2019, where a single transverse neocristid extends transversely from the labial postprotocristid to reach the lingual wall of the posterior valley, which is devoid of a neocristid. We consider that Sü-2017 and Sü-2019 are closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D3DFFB0DF4FFF6EFE0B655127E3" box="[224,365,471,497]" class="Mammalia" family="Bachitheriidae" genus="Bachitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEAACFFB0DF4FFF6EFE0B655127E3" box="[224,365,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Bachitherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to any other ruminant taxon, but the morphology of Sü-2019 does not match any species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D3DFFB0DF4FFF0BFDCB65282423" box="[133,276,535,561]" class="Mammalia" family="Bachitheriidae" genus="Bachitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEAACFFB0DF4FFF0BFDCB65282423" box="[133,276,535,561]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Bachitherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
known so far. Given the paucity of the current fossil material, we refer Sü-2019 to cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D3DFFB0DF4FFDADFDEA66E42443" box="[547,728,566,593]" class="Mammalia" family="Bachitheriidae" genus="Bachitherium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEAACFFB0DF4FFDADFDEA668E2442" box="[547,690,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Bachitherium</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
The morphology of Sü-2019 is also unlike the p4 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D3DFFB0DF4FFD2AFD8A64F424A2" authority="Mennecart, Geraads, Spassov & Zagorchev, 2018 a" authorityName="Mennecart, Geraads, Spassov & Zagorchev" authorityYear="2018" class="Mammalia" family="Bachitheriidae" genus="Bachitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thracencis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEAACFFB0DF4FFD2AFD8A65192482" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Bachitherium thracencis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B4FFFB0DF4FFEA2FDAB64F424A2" author="MENNECART B. & GERAADS D. & SPASSOV N. & ZAGORCHEV I." pageId="9" pageNumber="718" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref14638" refString="MENNECART B., GERAADS D., SPASSOV N. & ZAGORCHEV I. 2018 a. - Discovery of the oldest European ruminant in the late Eocene of Bulgaria: did tectonics influence the diachronic development of the Grande Coupure? Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 498: 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2018.01.011" type="journal article" year="2018">Mennecart, Geraads, Spassov & Zagorchev, 2018a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the late Eocene of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F308762EFFB0DF4FFE53FD4A660724A2" box="[477,571,662,688]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in which the gutter-like talonid of p4 lacks a transverse cristid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B4FFFB0DF4FFD1FFD6B653524E2" author="MENNECART B. & GERAADS D. & SPASSOV N. & ZAGORCHEV I." pageId="9" pageNumber="718" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref14638" refString="MENNECART B., GERAADS D., SPASSOV N. & ZAGORCHEV I. 2018 a. - Discovery of the oldest European ruminant in the late Eocene of Bulgaria: did tectonics influence the diachronic development of the Grande Coupure? Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 498: 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2018.01.011" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Mennecart
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEAACFFB0DF4FFF0AFD0B648724E2" box="[132,187,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, if our assumption is correct, it worth noting that there are two forms of bachitheriids in the late Eocene of Balkanatolia, suggesting a diversification of the family in this biogeographic province before its dispersal to Western Europe at MP 23 (“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D3DFFB0DF4FFE4AFC89666F257D" box="[452,595,853,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Bachitheriidae" genus="Bachitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEAACFFB0DF4FFE4AFC89666F257D" box="[452,595,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Bachitherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dispersal event” of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B4FFFB0DF4FFF2FFCAA65A22582" author="MENNECART B. & GERAADS D. & SPASSOV N. & ZAGORCHEV I." box="[161,414,885,912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref14638" refString="MENNECART B., GERAADS D., SPASSOV N. & ZAGORCHEV I. 2018 a. - Discovery of the oldest European ruminant in the late Eocene of Bulgaria: did tectonics influence the diachronic development of the Grande Coupure? Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 498: 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2018.01.011" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Mennecart
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEAACFFB0DF4FFE91FCAA656F259D" box="[287,339,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |