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<document id="E0FDA250D05B644DCCB020A72775BEA8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3857.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="23e68cbb-17b7-4dea-aad0-7360b8766cc0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="228181" ID-ZooBank="A26948F7-39C6-4858-B7FD-380E12F9BD34" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460895922835" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal, Amir, Shabir Ali &amp; Masroor, Rafaqat" docDate="2014" docId="03B5EA0A0F1FCB0BFF341EF3FD39F877" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03857p100.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3857 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Argyrops spinifer Forsskal 1775" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="79" masterDocId="FF8C92720F17CB03FFA31C27FFBAFF81" masterDocTitle="The sparid fishes of Pakistan, with new distribution records" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="79" updateTime="1698360089480" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="40F0AC334F318944E10E1EFD5CEFF2E3">The sparid fishes of Pakistan, with new distribution records</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FD2DD9210C251946518DC489AB4A603A">Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B5EA0A0F1FCB0BFF341EF3FD39F877" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6139401" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119587496" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6139401" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5EA0A0F1FCB0BFF341EF3FD39F877" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5EA0A0F1FCB0BFF341EF3FD39F877" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<subSubSection id="C30608970F1FCB0BFF341EF3FE77FCD6" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA35B1C0F1FCB0BFF341EF3FD83FD6F" blockId="8.[151,738,724,855]" box="[151,569,724,750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<heading id="D0EBEC700F1FCB0BFF341EF3FD83FD6F" bold="true" box="[151,569,724,750]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C209F0F1FCB0BFF341EF3FD83FD6F" ID-CoL="GKHB" authority="Forsskal, 1775" authorityName="Forsskal" authorityYear="1775" box="[151,569,724,750]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Argyrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinifer">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1FCB0BFF341EF3FD83FD6F" bold="true" box="[151,569,724,750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1FCB0BFF341EF3FED0FD6F" bold="true" box="[151,362,724,750]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Argyrops spinifer</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1FCB0BFEDA1EF3FD8BFD6F" author="Forsskal" box="[377,561,724,750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" refString="Forsskal, P. (1775) Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere oriental observavit. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae. Descr. Animalium Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere oriental observavit ... Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Molleri, Copenhagen, 20 pp + xxxiv + 164 pp. (Pisces on pp. x - xix + 22 - 76)" type="book chapter" year="1775">Forsskål, 1775</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA35B1C0F1FCB0BFF341ED0FD9DFC8E" blockId="8.[151,738,724,855]" box="[151,551,758,783]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Common name: King Soldierbream</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA35B1C0F1FCB0BFF341F3DFE77FCD6" blockId="8.[151,738,724,855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
Local names: Dhand (Sindh); Malelak (Balochistan) (
<figureCitation id="132747990F1FCB0BFF3D1F19FEB3FCD6" box="[158,265,830,855]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. a" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1165,1187]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,1147]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,171,1148]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. a) Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 39739 (formerly CEMB- P 201200102), 199.4 mm SL, WWFH, Karachi. First two dorsal spines minute, third to sixth somewhat elongated, b) scales on upper part of head, extending in a triangular prolongation to between eyes (A. spinifer 218 mm SL, WWFH, Karachi)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228186/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Figures 5</figureCitation>
&amp;
<date id="FFA27DDC0F1FCB0BFE8E1F19FEDCFCD6" box="[301,358,830,855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" value="1915-05">
<figureCitation id="132747990F1FCB0BFE8E1F19FEF3FCD6" box="[301,329,830,855]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[362,1223,1064,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[351,1235,1056,1766]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Details of dentition (A-Y) and gill rakers (Z &amp; Z 1) in species of family Sparidae from Pakistan; Acanthopagrus catenula, A) upper jaw &amp; B) lower jaw; A. berda, C) upper jaw &amp; D) lower jaw; A. arabicus, E) upper jaw &amp; F) lower jaw; A. sheim, G) upper jaw &amp; H) lower jaw; Sparidentex hasta, I) upper jaw &amp; J) lower jaw; Sparidentex jamalensis., K) upper jaw &amp; L) lower jaw; Crenidens indicus, M) upper jaw &amp; N) lower jaw; Diplodus capensis, O) upper jaw &amp; P) lower jaw; Q) upper and lower jaws of Diplodus omanensis; Rhabdosargus sarba, R) upper jaw &amp; S) lower jaw; Rhabdosargus haffara, T) upper jaw &amp; U) lower jaw; V) upper and lower jaws of Agryrops spinifer; W) upper and lower jaws of Cheimerius nufar; Pagellus affinis, X) upper jaw &amp; Y) lower jaw; Z) Argyrops spinifer, showing comparatively small gill rakers; and Z 1) Cheimerius nufar, showing elongated fan-like gill rakers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228196/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">15</figureCitation>
V
</date>
;
<tableCitation id="C69E6EA70F1FCB0BFED21F19FE7BFCD6" box="[369,449,830,855]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="21.[151,239,811,834]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,893,1173]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="TABLE 1. Counts and morphometric data of sparid species occurring in the coastal waters of Pakistan; mean in parenthesis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF630B940F02CB16FF341F0CFEACFCE3" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" tableUuid="DF630B940F02CB16FF341F0CFEACFCE3">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30608970F1FCB0BFF341FAFFCD3FC3A" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA35B1C0F1FCB0BFF341FAFFCD3FC3A" blockId="8.[151,1199,902,955]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0C7C320F1FCB0BFF341FAFFCD3FC3A" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C209F0F1FCB0BFF341FAFFE94FC1D" ID-CoL="4BZN7" box="[151,302,902,925]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Pagrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ciliaris">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1FCB0BFF341FAFFE94FC1D" box="[151,302,902,925]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Pagrus ciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
von
<treatmentCitation id="0ABD7D0D0F1FCB0BFEC31FA1FDB0FC1D" author="Bonde" box="[352,522,902,924]" page="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" year="1923">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1FCB0BFEC31FA1FE5FFC1D" author="Bonde" box="[352,485,902,924]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" refString="von Bonde, C. (1923) Shallow-water fishes procured by the S. S. &quot; Pickle. &quot;. Report Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa Rep. 3 (art. 1): 1 - 40, Pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1923">Bonde, 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 19
</treatmentCitation>
, Pl. 5 (KwaZulu-Natal,
<collectingCountry id="F30B1B8C0F1FCB0BFD5D1FA1FC38FC1D" box="[766,898,902,924]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, southwestern Indian Ocean).
<taxonomicName id="4C1C209F0F1FCB0BFF341F81FE4CFC3A" ID-CoL="4YFCR" authority="Forsskal, 1775: 32" authorityName="Forsskal" authorityPageNumber="32" authorityYear="1775" box="[151,502,933,955]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Sparus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinifer">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1FCB0BFF341F81FE8BFC3A" box="[151,305,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Sparus spinifer</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ABD7D0D0F1FCB0BFE941F82FE4CFC3A" author="Forsskal" box="[311,502,933,955]" page="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" year="1775">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1FCB0BFE941F82FE6AFC3A" author="Forsskal" box="[311,464,933,955]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" refString="Forsskal, P. (1775) Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere oriental observavit. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae. Descr. Animalium Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere oriental observavit ... Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Molleri, Copenhagen, 20 pp + xxxiv + 164 pp. (Pisces on pp. x - xix + 22 - 76)" type="book chapter" year="1775">Forsskål, 1775</bibRefCitation>
: 32
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, xi (Jeddah,
<collectingCountry id="F30B1B8C0F1FCB0BFDD61F82FD46FC3A" box="[629,764,933,955]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
, Red Sea.)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30608970F1FCB0BFF341FC0FB7DFB10" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA35B1C0F1FCB0BFF341FC0FB7DFB10" blockId="8.[151,1437,999,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1FCB0BFF341FC0FEABFB81" bold="true" box="[151,273,999,1024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species can be distinguished from other sparid species by the following combination of characters: body deep and compressed, its depth 49.4–53.4% of SL; head large, 30.5–34% of SL. Profile of head very steep, the section between the eyes and the mouth being almost straight, interorbital scaly; first two dorsal spines very short; third to seventh spines flexible, flattened and prolonged into long filaments (these spines elongate and filamentous in juveniles to young, get shorter with age, reaching sometimes beyond caudal fin).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30608970F1FCB0BFF6418BCFDD9F99E" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA35B1C0F1FCB0BFF6418BCFDD9F99E" blockId="8.[151,1437,999,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1FCB0BFF6418BCFEE3FB35" bold="true" box="[199,345,1179,1204]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Description.</emphasis>
Dorsal rays XII, 10; anal rays III,8; pectoral rays 15; lateral line scales 49–53; gill rakers small 15–16, ten on lower arch (
<figureCitation id="132747990F1FCB0BFE6618E7FD89FB58" box="[453,563,1216,1241]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[362,1223,1064,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[351,1235,1056,1766]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Details of dentition (A-Y) and gill rakers (Z &amp; Z 1) in species of family Sparidae from Pakistan; Acanthopagrus catenula, A) upper jaw &amp; B) lower jaw; A. berda, C) upper jaw &amp; D) lower jaw; A. arabicus, E) upper jaw &amp; F) lower jaw; A. sheim, G) upper jaw &amp; H) lower jaw; Sparidentex hasta, I) upper jaw &amp; J) lower jaw; Sparidentex jamalensis., K) upper jaw &amp; L) lower jaw; Crenidens indicus, M) upper jaw &amp; N) lower jaw; Diplodus capensis, O) upper jaw &amp; P) lower jaw; Q) upper and lower jaws of Diplodus omanensis; Rhabdosargus sarba, R) upper jaw &amp; S) lower jaw; Rhabdosargus haffara, T) upper jaw &amp; U) lower jaw; V) upper and lower jaws of Agryrops spinifer; W) upper and lower jaws of Cheimerius nufar; Pagellus affinis, X) upper jaw &amp; Y) lower jaw; Z) Argyrops spinifer, showing comparatively small gill rakers; and Z 1) Cheimerius nufar, showing elongated fan-like gill rakers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228196/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Figure 15</figureCitation>
Z); Body deep and compressed, its depth 1.9–2.0 in SL; anterio-dorsal profile of head steep with a slight bump before eye (mainly in large adult male, developing a grotesque hump on nape); eye moderate in size, orbit diameter 9.2–10.2% of SL; mouth slightly oblique; upper jaw length 12.1–14.4% of SL; maxilla reaching to vertical through front border of eye; front of upper and lower jaws with four canine teeth; side of each jaws (upper and lower) with two to three rows of molars; the first three teeth in outer row of upper jaw (just after the canine) are blunt conical teeth, becoming molariform posteriorly. Scales on upper part of head extending in a triangular prolongation to between eyes (
<figureCitation id="132747990F1FCB0BFD0119BFFCBEFA30" box="[674,772,1432,1457]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. a" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1165,1187]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,1147]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,171,1148]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. a) Argyrops spinifer, MUFS 39739 (formerly CEMB- P 201200102), 199.4 mm SL, WWFH, Karachi. First two dorsal spines minute, third to sixth somewhat elongated, b) scales on upper part of head, extending in a triangular prolongation to between eyes (A. spinifer 218 mm SL, WWFH, Karachi)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228186/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Figure 5</figureCitation>
b) cheeks with 5–6 transvers row of scales; preoperculum with 5 transverse rows of scales; first anal spine less than half length of 2nd, which is sub equal to 3rd anal spine and less then snout length. Pectoral-fins length longer than head length; pelvic-fins with the first ray produced and near to head length; caudal fin weakly forked.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30608970F1FCB0BFF641A0CFAF4F92E" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA35B1C0F1FCB0BFF641A0CFAF4F92E" blockId="8.[151,1437,999,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1FCB0BFF641A0CFE61F9C2" box="[199,475,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Color of fresh specimens</emphasis>
. Head and body silvery pink with gold-lines (scales centres golden and pinkish, edges silvery); snout and nape area more pinkish; operculum with silvery and pinkish shade; pectoral, pelvic, anal and caudal fins are light pinkish and hyaline, some black streaks in anal-fins. Diffused red spot in axil of pectoral-fin. Overall the body color is pinkish-red, especially the head, while the flanks and underside are paler or white.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30608970F1FCB0BFF641A9DFE7FF8BE" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA35B1C0F1FCB0BFF641A9DFE7FF8BE" blockId="8.[151,1437,999,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1FCB0BFF641A9DFEDAF952" bold="true" box="[199,352,1722,1747]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Distribution.</emphasis>
Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa,
<collectingCountry id="F30B1B8C0F1FCB0BFC971A9CFC01F955" box="[820,955,1723,1748]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and western Mascarenes east to
<collectingCountry id="F30B1B8C0F1FCB0BFA8B1A9CFA22F955" box="[1320,1432,1723,1748]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, north to South
<collectingCountry id="F30B1B8C0F1FCB0BFEE21AF9FE3EF976" box="[321,388,1758,1783]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">China</collectingCountry>
Sea and south to northern
<collectingCountry id="F30B1B8C0F1FCB0BFD141AF9FC98F976" box="[695,802,1758,1783]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Australia</collectingCountry>
. This species has been reported from
<collectingCountry id="F30B1B8C0F1FCB0BFB6D1AF9FA97F976" box="[1230,1325,1758,1783]" name="Pakistan" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1FCB0BFA9E1AF9FF68F89D" author="Bianchi" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" refString="Bianchi, G. (1985) Field guide to the commercial marine and brackish - water species of Pakistan. Fishery Resources and Environment Division, Fisheries Department, FAO, Rome, PAK / 77 / 033 and (FIRM), 200 pp." type="book" year="1985">Bianchi, 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1FCB0BFF401B24FED4F89A" author="Hoda" box="[227,366,1795,1820]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" refString="Hoda, S. M. S. (1988) Fishes from the Coast of Pakistan. Biologia, 34, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1988">Hoda, 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1FCB0BFEDC1B24FD05F89A" author="Jalil" box="[383,703,1795,1820]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" refString="Jalil, S. A. &amp; Khalil-Uddin, M. (1981) A checklist of marine fishes of Pakistan. Marine Fisheries Department, Karachi, 16 pp." type="book" year="1981">Jalil &amp; Khalil-Uddin, 1981</bibRefCitation>
) and can presumably be found in wider range in
<collectingCountry id="F30B1B8C0F1FCB0BFAB81B23FAF1F89A" box="[1307,1355,1796,1819]" name="Iran" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30B1B8C0F1FCB0BFAF81B24FA2DF89D" box="[1371,1431,1795,1820]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30B1B8C0F1FCB0BFF341B01FEA0F8BE" box="[151,282,1830,1855]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F30B1B8C0F1FCB0BFEF31B01FE7BF8BE" box="[336,449,1830,1855]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30608970F1FCB0BFF641B6CFD39F877" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA35B1C0F1FCB0BFF641B6CFD39F877" blockId="8.[151,1437,999,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1FCB0BFF641B6CFE81F8E2" bold="true" box="[199,315,1867,1891]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1FCB0BFEE61B6BFD14F8E2" author="Heemstra" box="[325,686,1867,1892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" refString="Heemstra, P. C. &amp; Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. The National Inquiry Service Centre (NISC) and The South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Grahamstown, South Africa, 488 pp." type="book" year="2004">Heemstra and Heemstra (2004)</bibRefCitation>
reported XI–XII, 10–11 dorsal-fin rays and 4–6 canine teeth on anterior portions of both jaws in this species.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1FCB0BFD051B49FBB2F806" box="[678,1032,1902,1927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" refString="Weber, M. &amp; De Beaufort, L. F. (1936) The fishes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. VII. Perciformes (continued) families: Chaetodontidae, Toxotidae, Monodactylidae, Pempheridae, Kyphopsidae, Lutjanidae, Lobotidae, Sparidae, Nandidae, Sciaenidae, Malacanthidae, Cepolidae. E. J. Brill Ltd., Leiden, The Netherlands, 607 pp." type="book">Weber and De Beaufort (1936)</bibRefCitation>
recorded XI,10 dorsal-fin rays, six smaller canines in the lower jaw and 2nd to 5th dorsal spine prolonged into long filaments. Contrary to
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1FCB0BFA971BB2FEF4F853" author="Weber" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" refString="Weber, M. &amp; De Beaufort, L. F. (1936) The fishes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. VII. Perciformes (continued) families: Chaetodontidae, Toxotidae, Monodactylidae, Pempheridae, Kyphopsidae, Lutjanidae, Lobotidae, Sparidae, Nandidae, Sciaenidae, Malacanthidae, Cepolidae. E. J. Brill Ltd., Leiden, The Netherlands, 607 pp." type="book" year="1936">Weber &amp; Beaufort (1936)</bibRefCitation>
, our specimens have XII, 10 dorsal-fin rays and 4 canine teeth in both jaws, and third to seventh dorsal spines prolonged into long filaments.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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