670 lines
86 KiB
XML
670 lines
86 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="30CB5FBC6703CFD9750495FDE2C65647">Review and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical tarantula genus Ephebopus Simon 1892 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) with notes on the Aviculariinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="420FF443BEA55F86A8EC1D539503D3FC">Fukushima, Caroline Sayuri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BBCBAF3E5BC5C244C0E10337186DF8AF">Bertani, Rogério</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="326C727D13160A8465ED8A21D9FE954B">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="06316ADFBF03337C5B08B60FB59E4B80">1849</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B24354FF94FF80FF44FC72FE79A5C3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5624762" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119373332" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5624762" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B24354FF94FF80FF44FC72FE79A5C3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B24354FF94FF80FF44FC72FE79A5C3" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
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<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF94FF85FF44FC72FE02A29E" blockId="3.[151,439,987,1049]" box="[151,439,987,1014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF94FF85FF44FC72FE02A29E" ID-CoL="4CST" ID-ENA="1795695" authority="Simon 1892" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,439,987,1014]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF94FF85FF44FC72FE02A29E" bold="true" box="[151,439,987,1014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF94FF85FF44FC72FEABA29D" bold="true" box="[151,286,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Ephebopus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF94FF85FEF6FC75FE02A29E" author="Simon" box="[293,439,987,1013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Simon, E. (1892) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Paris, Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, 1, 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="1892">Simon 1892</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF94FF85FF44FC51FEFFA572" blockId="3.[151,439,987,1049]" box="[151,330,1023,1049]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF94FF85FF4CFC51FEA2A572" box="[159,279,1023,1049]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStart-1="FIGURES 11 – 16" captionStart-2="FIGURES 17 – 18" captionStart-3="FIGURES 19 – 20" captionStartId-0="5.[151,269,1862,1886]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,269,1940,1964]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,269,667,691]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,269,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox-0="[174,1415,184,1830]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,298,1915]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1434,194,643]" captionTargetBox-3="[157,1428,779,1248]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[174,1416,184,1832]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[151,1436,296,1916]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[151,1435,194,643]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[157,1429,779,1249]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 10. Ephebopus, genitalia. (1 – 2) E. murinus. 1, Male, AMNH, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 2, Female, AMNH, spermathecae. (3 – 4) E. uatuman. 3, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 4, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (5 – 6) E. cyanognathus. 5, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 6, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (7 – 8) E. rufescens. 7, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 8, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (9 – 10) E. foliatus sp. nov .. 9, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 10, Female, paratype, spermathecae. Scale line: 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 11 – 16. Ephebopus, habitus and burrow. (11 – 12) E. murinus. 11, Female in burrow entrance. 12, Antepenultimate female in retreat in bromeliad leaf. (13, 15) E. uatuman. 13, Female. 15, Detail of burrow entrance. (14) E. foliatus sp. nov., female paratype, in life. (16). E. cyanognathus, female. Photos: 14, M. Kuntner, other by R. C. West." captionText-2="FIGURES 17 – 18. Ephebopus rufescens. 17, Female exposed in retreat under overturned rock. 18, Female in arboreal retreat two meters above ground in palm tree. Photos: R. C. West." captionText-3="FIGURES 19 – 20. Ephebopus murinus. 19, Threat display showing urticating hair pad on apical prolateral pedipalp femur (arrow). 20, Detail of type V urticating hairs. Photo: R. Bertani." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/183361/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/183362/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/183363/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/183364/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Figs 1–20</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF94FF85FEF0FC51FEF7A572" box="[291,322,1023,1049]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="20.[151,255,1345,1369]" captionTargetBox="[152,1385,209,1344]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,194,1383]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 30. Map showing records of Ephebopus species in northern South America." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183369/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">30</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C301A1C9FF94FF85FF44FBE1FD5AA5EE" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0BD56CFF94FF85FF44FBE1FD5AA5EE" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF94FF85FF44FBE1FE67A50E" ID-CoL="4CST" authority="Simon 1892: 155" authorityName="Simon" authorityPageNumber="155" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,466,1102,1126]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF94FF85FF44FBE1FEB8A50D" box="[151,269,1103,1126]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Ephebopus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABAD453FF94FF85FEC6FBE0FE67A50E" author="Simon" box="[277,466,1102,1125]" page="155" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" year="1892">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF94FF85FEC6FBE0FE29A50E" author="Simon" box="[277,412,1102,1125]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Simon, E. (1892) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Paris, Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, 1, 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="1892">Simon 1892</bibRefCitation>
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: 155
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABAD453FF94FF85FE0CFBE0FD23A50E" author="Pocock" box="[479,662,1102,1125]" page="85" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" year="1903">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF94FF85FE0CFBE0FDDBA50E" author="Pocock" box="[479,622,1102,1125]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1903) On some genera and species of South American Aviculariidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser 7, 81 - 115." type="journal article" year="1903">Pocock 1903</bibRefCitation>
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: 85
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABAD453FF94FF85FD70FBE0FCEBA50E" author="Raven" box="[675,862,1102,1125]" page="119" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF94FF85FD70FBE0FC9DA50E" author="Raven" box="[675,808,1102,1125]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Raven, R. J. (1985) The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 182, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="1985">Raven 1985</bibRefCitation>
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: 119
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABAD453FF94FF85FCB9FBE0FB22A50E" author="Marshall" box="[874,1175,1102,1125]" page="120" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF94FF85FCB9FBE0FBD4A50E" author="Marshall" box="[874,1121,1102,1125]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="3" pageNumber="57" refString="Marshall, S. D. & Uetz G. W. (1990) The pedipalpal brush of Ephebopus sp. (Araneae, Theraphosidae): evidence of a new site for urticating hairs. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 8, 122 - 124." type="journal article" year="1990">
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<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF94FF85FCB9FBE0FC7CA50E" box="[874,969,1102,1125]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Marshall</collectingCountry>
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& Uetz 1990
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 120
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABAD453FF94FF85FB77FBE0FE9BA5EE" author="Lucas" page="161" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" year="1991">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF94FF85FB77FBE0FEB4A5EE" author="Lucas" pageId="3" pageNumber="57" refString="Lucas, S., da Silva Junior P. I. & Bertani R. (1991) The Brazilian species of the spider genus Ephebopus Simon, 1892 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae), with descriptions of E. uatuman n. sp. Memorias do Instituto Butantan, 53, 161 - 166." type="journal article" year="1991">Lucas, Silva & Bertani 1991</bibRefCitation>
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:161
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABAD453FF94FF85FEEAFBC0FDFCA5EE" author="West" box="[313,585,1134,1157]" page="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF94FF85FEEAFBC0FD9AA5EE" author="West" box="[313,559,1134,1157]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="West, R. C. & Marshall S. D. (2000) Description of two new species of Ephebopus Simon, 1892 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae). Arthropoda, 8, 6 - 14." type="journal article" year="2000">
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West &
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<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF94FF85FE43FBC0FE5AA5EE" box="[400,495,1134,1157]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Marshall</collectingCountry>
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2000
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 6
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF94FF85FD87FBC0FD59A5EE" author="Platnick" box="[596,748,1134,1157]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Platnick, N. I. (2008) The world spider catalog, version 8.5. American Museum of Natural History. Available from http: // research. amnh. org / entomology / spiders / catalog / index. html (accessed 28 March 2008)" type="journal article" year="2008">Platnick 2008</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C301A1C9FF94FF85FF44FB20FC5BA5C2" box="[151,1006,1166,1193]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF94FF85FF44FB20FC5BA5C2" blockId="3.[151,1436,1102,1193]" box="[151,1006,1166,1193]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF94FF85FF44FB20FE8EA5C3" bold="true" box="[151,315,1166,1192]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
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<typeStatus id="54A04CE0FF94FF85FF44FB20FF61A5C3" box="[151,212,1166,1192]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF94FF85FE90FB21FD7EA5C2" authority="Walckenaer 1837" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1837" box="[323,715,1167,1193]" class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Mygale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murina">
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<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF94FF85FE90FB21FE42A5C3" box="[323,503,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Mygale murina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF94FF85FE2DFB21FD7EA5C2" author="Walckenaer" box="[510,715,1167,1193]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Walckenaer, C. A. (1837) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Apteres 1, Paris, Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, 1 - 682." type="journal article" year="1837">Walckenaer 1837</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C301A1C9FF94FF85FF44FB70FC9BA44A" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF94FF85FF44FB70FC9BA44A" blockId="3.[151,1437,1246,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF94FF85FF44FB70FEA5A593" bold="true" box="[151,272,1246,1272]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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||
. Differs from all other theraphosid genera by the apical patch of
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||
<typeStatus id="54A04CE0FF94FF85FBC5FB71FBFCA592" box="[1046,1097,1247,1273]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
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||
V urticating hairs on prolateral pedipalp femora of males and females (
|
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<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF94FF85FD4BFAA9FC94A44A" box="[664,801,1287,1313]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 20" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,779,1248]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[157,1429,779,1249]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 20. Ephebopus murinus. 19, Threat display showing urticating hair pad on apical prolateral pedipalp femur (arrow). 20, Detail of type V urticating hairs. Photo: R. Bertani." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183364/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Figs 19–20</figureCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C301A1C9FF94FF85FF16FA80FB93A612" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF94FF85FF16FA80FEA8A642" blockId="3.[151,1437,1246,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF94FF85FF16FA80FEE0A423" bold="true" box="[197,341,1326,1352]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Description</emphasis>
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||
: Cephalothorax longer than wide, cephalic region slightly raised, convex. Cephalic and thoracic striae distinct. Fovea deep, straight. Chelicerae without rastellum. Eye tubercle distinct, wider than long. Clypeus absent. Anterior eye row straight. Labium subquadrate, slightly wider than long, with numerous (100–300) cuspules concentrated on anterior half. Maxilla subrectangular, anterior lobe distinctly produced into conical process, inner angle bearing numerous cuspules (more than 100). Sternum longer than wide. Posterior sigilla submarginal. STC of males and female with median row of few small teeth. Tarsi I–IV and metatarsi I–II fully scopulated, metatarsus III scopulated along half its length, metatarsus IV apically scopulated. Scopulae of tarsi and metatarsi I–II extended very laterally giving them a spatulate appearance. Femur IV without retrolateral scopula.
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<typeStatus id="54A04CE0FF94FF85FE3EF9C1FD92A7E2" box="[493,551,1647,1673]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
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||
V of urticating hair in pad on distal prolateral palpal femora (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF94FF85FAC1F9C1FEA1A7DA" author="Marshall" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="3" pageNumber="57" refString="Marshall, S. D. & Uetz G. W. (1990) The pedipalpal brush of Ephebopus sp. (Araneae, Theraphosidae): evidence of a new site for urticating hairs. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 8, 122 - 124." type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF94FF85FAC1F9C1FAC9A7E2" box="[1298,1404,1647,1673]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Marshall</collectingCountry>
|
||
& Uetz 1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Legs with few spines on distal ventral tibiae and metatarsi. Stridulatory setae absent. Males. Spur on tibia I bipartite; metatarsus I straight, when flexed closes on outer upper process; male palpal bulb pyriform; embolus narrow, long, 2–3 times longer than tegulum, keels absent. Females. Two spermathecae weakly sclerotized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF94FF85FF16F898FB93A612" blockId="3.[151,1437,1246,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF94FF85FF16F898FE22A63B" bold="true" box="[197,407,1846,1872]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Species included</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF94FF85FE7BF899FD21A63B" box="[424,660,1847,1872]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF94FF85FE7BF899FD21A63B" box="[424,660,1847,1872]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Ephebopus murinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF94FF85FD74F899FCA6A63A" box="[679,787,1847,1873]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,184,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[174,1416,184,1832]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Ephebopus, genitalia. (1 – 2) E. murinus. 1, Male, AMNH, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 2, Female, AMNH, spermathecae. (3 – 4) E. uatuman. 3, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 4, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (5 – 6) E. cyanognathus. 5, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 6, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (7 – 8) E. rufescens. 7, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 8, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (9 – 10) E. foliatus sp. nov .. 9, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 10, Female, paratype, spermathecae. Scale line: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183361/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF94FF85FCF0F899FCDBA63A" box="[803,878,1847,1873]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 16" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,298,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,296,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 16. Ephebopus, habitus and burrow. (11 – 12) E. murinus. 11, Female in burrow entrance. 12, Antepenultimate female in retreat in bromeliad leaf. (13, 15) E. uatuman. 13, Female. 15, Detail of burrow entrance. (14) E. foliatus sp. nov., female paratype, in life. (16). E. cyanognathus, female. Photos: 14, M. Kuntner, other by R. C. West." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183362/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">11–12</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF94FF85FC55F899FBBAA63B" box="[902,1039,1847,1872]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uatuman">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF94FF85FC55F899FBBAA63B" box="[902,1039,1847,1872]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">E. uatuman</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF94FF85FBF1F899FB3AA63A" box="[1058,1167,1847,1873]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,184,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[174,1416,184,1832]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Ephebopus, genitalia. (1 – 2) E. murinus. 1, Male, AMNH, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 2, Female, AMNH, spermathecae. (3 – 4) E. uatuman. 3, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 4, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (5 – 6) E. cyanognathus. 5, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 6, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (7 – 8) E. rufescens. 7, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 8, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (9 – 10) E. foliatus sp. nov .. 9, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 10, Female, paratype, spermathecae. Scale line: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183361/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Figs 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF94FF85FB4EF899FB09A63A" box="[1181,1212,1847,1873]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 16" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,298,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,296,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 16. Ephebopus, habitus and burrow. (11 – 12) E. murinus. 11, Female in burrow entrance. 12, Antepenultimate female in retreat in bromeliad leaf. (13, 15) E. uatuman. 13, Female. 15, Detail of burrow entrance. (14) E. foliatus sp. nov., female paratype, in life. (16). E. cyanognathus, female. Photos: 14, M. Kuntner, other by R. C. West." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183362/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">13</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF94FF85FB05F899FA29A63B" box="[1238,1436,1847,1872]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanognathus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF94FF85FB05F899FA29A63B" box="[1238,1436,1847,1872]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">E. cyanognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF94FF85FF4CF8F1FEBCA612" box="[159,265,1887,1913]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,184,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[174,1416,184,1832]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Ephebopus, genitalia. (1 – 2) E. murinus. 1, Male, AMNH, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 2, Female, AMNH, spermathecae. (3 – 4) E. uatuman. 3, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 4, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (5 – 6) E. cyanognathus. 5, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 6, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (7 – 8) E. rufescens. 7, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 8, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (9 – 10) E. foliatus sp. nov .. 9, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 10, Female, paratype, spermathecae. Scale line: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183361/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Figs 5–6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF94FF85FEC6F8F1FE80A612" box="[277,309,1887,1913]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 16" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,298,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,296,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 16. Ephebopus, habitus and burrow. (11 – 12) E. murinus. 11, Female in burrow entrance. 12, Antepenultimate female in retreat in bromeliad leaf. (13, 15) E. uatuman. 13, Female. 15, Detail of burrow entrance. (14) E. foliatus sp. nov., female paratype, in life. (16). E. cyanognathus, female. Photos: 14, M. Kuntner, other by R. C. West." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183362/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">16</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF94FF85FE98F8F1FE6FA613" box="[331,474,1887,1912]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF94FF85FE98F8F1FE6FA613" box="[331,474,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">E. rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF94FF85FE3AF8F1FDE6A612" box="[489,595,1887,1913]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,184,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[174,1416,184,1832]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Ephebopus, genitalia. (1 – 2) E. murinus. 1, Male, AMNH, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 2, Female, AMNH, spermathecae. (3 – 4) E. uatuman. 3, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 4, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (5 – 6) E. cyanognathus. 5, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 6, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (7 – 8) E. rufescens. 7, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 8, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (9 – 10) E. foliatus sp. nov .. 9, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 10, Female, paratype, spermathecae. Scale line: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183361/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Figs 7–8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF94FF85FD8CF8F1FD1CA612" box="[607,681,1887,1913]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 18" captionStartId="8.[151,269,667,691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,643]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,194,643]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 18. Ephebopus rufescens. 17, Female exposed in retreat under overturned rock. 18, Female in arboreal retreat two meters above ground in palm tree. Photos: R. C. West." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183363/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">17–18</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF94FF85FD38F8F1FCD1A613" box="[747,868,1887,1912]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foliatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF94FF85FD38F8F1FCD1A613" box="[747,868,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">E. foliatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF94FF85FCA0F8F1FC59A612" box="[883,1004,1887,1913]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,184,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[174,1416,184,1832]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Ephebopus, genitalia. (1 – 2) E. murinus. 1, Male, AMNH, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 2, Female, AMNH, spermathecae. (3 – 4) E. uatuman. 3, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 4, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (5 – 6) E. cyanognathus. 5, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 6, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (7 – 8) E. rufescens. 7, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 8, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (9 – 10) E. foliatus sp. nov .. 9, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 10, Female, paratype, spermathecae. Scale line: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183361/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Figs 9–10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF94FF85FC2BF8F1FBACA612" box="[1016,1049,1887,1913]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 16" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,298,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,296,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 16. Ephebopus, habitus and burrow. (11 – 12) E. murinus. 11, Female in burrow entrance. 12, Antepenultimate female in retreat in bromeliad leaf. (13, 15) E. uatuman. 13, Female. 15, Detail of burrow entrance. (14) E. foliatus sp. nov., female paratype, in life. (16). E. cyanognathus, female. Photos: 14, M. Kuntner, other by R. C. West." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183362/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C301A1C9FF94FF82FF16F828FEBAA1B1" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF94FF85FF16F828FA29A69B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1246,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF94FF85FF16F828FE42A6CB" bold="true" box="[197,503,1926,1952]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Distribution & Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
Northeastern and Central Brazilian Amazon,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF94FF85FBFAF829FB68A6CA" box="[1065,1245,1927,1953]" name="French Guiana" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF94FF85FAB2F829FF62A6A2" name="Suriname" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF94FF85FE69F801FDA0A6A2" box="[442,533,1967,1993]" name="Guyana" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF94FF85FDF5F801FDCAA6A2" box="[550,639,1967,1993]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="20.[151,255,1345,1369]" captionTargetBox="[152,1385,209,1344]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,194,1383]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 30. Map showing records of Ephebopus species in northern South America." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183369/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF94FF85FD46F801FCA2A6A3" box="[661,791,1967,1992]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF94FF85FD46F801FCA2A6A3" box="[661,791,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in lowland rainforests, in fringing grasslands above riparian flood plains;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF94FF85FE3BF879FDCCA69B" box="[488,633,2007,2032]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF94FF85FE3BF879FDCCA69B" box="[488,633,2007,2032]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">E. rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in both lowland and upland rainforest;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF94FF85FB6EF879FAF2A69B" box="[1213,1351,2007,2032]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uatuman">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF94FF85FB6EF879FAF2A69B" box="[1213,1351,2007,2032]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">E. uatuman</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF94FF85FA50F879FA29A69B" box="[1411,1436,2007,2032]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">E.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF93FF82FF44FF36FEBAA1B1" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1058]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FF44FF36FE8FA1DA" box="[151,314,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanognathus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FF44FF36FE8FA1DA" box="[151,314,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">cyanognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found in upland rainforest areas;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FD2EFF36FCCDA1DA" box="[765,888,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foliatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FD2EFF36FCCDA1DA" box="[765,888,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">E. foliatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens were collected in lowland riparian rainforest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C301A1C9FF93FF82FF16FF49FE2AA549" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF93FF82FF16FF49FE06A0C9" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1058]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FF16FF49FE82A06A" bold="true" box="[197,311,231,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FE9BFF46FDAEA06A" box="[328,539,232,257]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fossor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FE9BFF46FDAEA06A" box="[328,539,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Ephebopus fossor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered a
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FD0DFF46FC21A06A" box="[734,916,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">nomen dubium,</emphasis>
|
||
as its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A04CE0FF93FF82FC31FF46FBA0A069" box="[994,1045,232,258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen is lost (pers. comm. J. Beccaloni, BMNH, 2000). Pocock’s (1903) original description is too vague to determine the correct generic placement of this species (e.g., lacking any reference to the brush of urticating hairs on the palpal femur) and its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A04CE0FF93FF82FF68FECEFF5BA011" box="[187,238,352,378]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF93FF82FEA6FECEFE62A011" box="[373,471,352,378]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
is outside the otherwise known zoogeographical range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FB5FFECEFABBA012" box="[1164,1294,352,377]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FB5FFECEFABBA012" box="[1164,1294,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Ephebopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i.e., northeastern South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF93FF82FEEEFE26FE1DA0C9" box="[317,424,392,418]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF93FF82FF15FE1EFCABA259" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1058]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FF15FE1EFE75A0A2" box="[198,448,432,457]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FF15FE1EFE75A0A2" box="[198,448,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Ephebopus violaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FD74FE1EFC94A0A2" box="[679,801,432,457]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FD74FE1EFC94A0A2" box="[679,801,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Avicularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF93FF82FC83FE1EFB86A0A1" box="[848,1075,432,458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Lucas, S., da Silva Junior P. I. & Bertani R. (1991) The Brazilian species of the spider genus Ephebopus Simon, 1892 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae), with descriptions of E. uatuman n. sp. Memorias do Instituto Butantan, 53, 161 - 166." type="journal article">
|
||
Lucas
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FC4CFE1EFC6EA0A2" box="[927,987,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1991)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who failed to locate the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A04CE0FF93FF82FA8DFE1EFF78A099" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. They based the transfer only on the original description: first ocular row procurved, pattern on the dorsal side of abdomen and the division of the posterior tarsal scopulae; the latter suggesting the specimen was a juvenile. Recently, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A04CE0FF93FF82FE76FD86FDBEA329" box="[421,523,552,578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was rediscovered in the arachnological collection of Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. Although a small specimen, after dissection of the genital region, we found well-formed spermathecae which do not resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FDEBFDD6FD05A3FA" box="[568,688,632,657]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FDEBFDD6FD05A3FA" box="[568,688,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Avicularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, since each receptaculum is short and lacks median curvature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF93FF82FF26FD0EFEE4A3D1" box="[245,337,672,698]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 22. 21" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1797,1821]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,1386,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,1386,1774]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 22. 21, Tapinauchenius violaceus, holotype, spermathecae. 22, Tapinauchenius purpureus, holotype, spermathecae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183365/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, the specimen lacks
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A04CE0FF93FF82FCD1FD0EFC80A3D1" box="[770,821,672,698]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||
II urticating hairs, has an almost straight anterior ocular row, and has a few spines only on the ventral apex of tibiae and metatarsi. These two characteristics indicate it would belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FE08FD5EFDE8A262" box="[475,605,752,777]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FE08FD5EFDE8A262" box="[475,605,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Ephebopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FD56FD5EFC8BA262" box="[645,830,752,777]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Tapinauchenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FD56FD5EFC8BA262" box="[645,830,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Tapinauchenius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The absence of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A04CE0FF93FF82FBCFFD5EFBFAA261" box="[1052,1103,752,778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||
V urticating hair pad on the pedipalp femur suggests it is a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FDD1FCB6FD0EA25A" box="[514,699,792,817]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Tapinauchenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FDD1FCB6FD0EA25A" box="[514,699,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Tapinauchenius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF93FF82FF16FCEEFE2AA549" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1058]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||
In comparing the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A04CE0FF93FF82FE72FCEEFDBDA231" box="[417,520,832,858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FDE5FCEEFD7FA232" box="[566,714,832,857]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FDE5FCEEFD7FA232" box="[566,714,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">E. violaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FCBCFCEEFB1FA232" box="[879,1194,832,857]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Tapinauchenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpureus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FCBCFCEEFB1FA232" box="[879,1194,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Tapinauchenius purpureus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we found a strong resemblance in spermathecal shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF93FF82FD87FCC6FD57A2E9" box="[596,738,872,898]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 22. 21" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1797,1821]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,1386,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,1386,1774]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 22. 21, Tapinauchenius violaceus, holotype, spermathecae. 22, Tapinauchenius purpureus, holotype, spermathecae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183365/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Figs 21–22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, the two species are from the same region (north of Para state,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF93FF82FE41FC3EFE6FA2C1" box="[402,474,912,938]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF93FF82FDCBFC3EFD78A2C1" box="[536,717,912,938]" name="French Guiana" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and both have the same typical purple color pattern (viz., "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FF4CFC16FEA1A2B9" box="[159,276,952,978]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violaceus">violaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||
" and "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FE8CFC16FE55A2B9" box="[351,480,952,978]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Tapinauchenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpureus">purpureus</taxonomicName>
|
||
"). Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FD95FC16FD63A2BA" box="[582,726,952,977]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FD95FC16FD63A2BA" box="[582,726,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">E. violaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FC4FFC16FBE1A2BA" box="[924,1108,952,977]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Tapinauchenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FC4FFC16FBE1A2BA" box="[924,1108,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Tapinauchenius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, creating the new combination
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FF18FC4EFD5BA291" authority="Mello-Leitao 1930" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1930" box="[203,750,992,1018]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Tapinauchenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FF18FC4EFE4CA292" box="[203,505,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Tapinauchenius violaceus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF93FF82FDD4FC4EFD53A291" author="Mello-Leitao" box="[519,742,992,1018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. de (1930) Aranhas do Cumina. Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 32, 51 - 75." type="journal article" year="1930">Mello-Leitão 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FCF4FC4EFC0FA292" box="[807,954,992,1017]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Tapinauchenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpureus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FCF4FC4EFC0FA292" box="[807,954,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">T. purpureus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FA81FC4EFF57A54A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Tapinauchenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FA81FC4EFF57A54A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">T. violaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FF23FBA6FE2CA54A" box="[240,409,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C932BFF93FF82FF23FBA6FE2CA54A" box="[240,409,1032,1057]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">new synonymy</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C301A1C9FF93FF82FF44FBD1FBD5A4E4" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF93FF82FF44FBD1FE27A5A9" blockId="4.[151,626,1151,1218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FF44FBD1FDC7A5F1" ID-CoL="6FNCX" authority="Walckenaer 1837" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1837" box="[151,626,1151,1178]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FF44FBD1FE39A5F2" bold="true" box="[151,396,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Ephebopus murinus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF93FF82FE48FB2EFDDFA5F1" author="Walckenaer" box="[411,618,1152,1178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" refString="Walckenaer, C. A. (1837) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Apteres 1, Paris, Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, 1 - 682." type="journal article" year="1837">Walckenaer 1837</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF93FF82FF4CFB06FEBCA5A9" box="[159,265,1192,1218]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,184,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[174,1416,184,1832]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Ephebopus, genitalia. (1 – 2) E. murinus. 1, Male, AMNH, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 2, Female, AMNH, spermathecae. (3 – 4) E. uatuman. 3, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 4, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (5 – 6) E. cyanognathus. 5, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 6, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (7 – 8) E. rufescens. 7, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 8, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (9 – 10) E. foliatus sp. nov .. 9, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 10, Female, paratype, spermathecae. Scale line: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183361/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF93FF82FEC6FB06FEEAA5A9" box="[277,351,1192,1218]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 16" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,298,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,296,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 16. Ephebopus, habitus and burrow. (11 – 12) E. murinus. 11, Female in burrow entrance. 12, Antepenultimate female in retreat in bromeliad leaf. (13, 15) E. uatuman. 13, Female. 15, Detail of burrow entrance. (14) E. foliatus sp. nov., female paratype, in life. (16). E. cyanognathus, female. Photos: 14, M. Kuntner, other by R. C. West." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183362/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">11–12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF93FF82FEBFFB06FE3EA5A9" box="[364,395,1192,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="20.[151,255,1345,1369]" captionTargetBox="[152,1385,209,1344]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,194,1383]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 30. Map showing records of Ephebopus species in northern South America." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183369/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">30</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF93FF82FF44FB56FD8DA464" blockId="4.[151,1436,1272,1423]" box="[151,568,1272,1295]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0BD56CFF93FF82FF44FB56FD8DA464" box="[151,568,1272,1295]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FF44FB56FD86A464" authority="Walckenaer 1837: 220" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityPageNumber="220" authorityYear="1837" box="[151,563,1272,1295]" class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Mygale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FF44FB56FE8FA464" box="[151,314,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Mygale murina</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABAD453FF93FF82FE92FB56FD86A464" author="Walckenaer" box="[321,563,1272,1295]" page="220" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" year="1837">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF93FF82FE92FB56FE4BA464" author="Walckenaer" box="[321,510,1272,1295]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" refString="Walckenaer, C. A. (1837) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Apteres 1, Paris, Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, 1 - 682." type="journal article" year="1837">Walckenaer 1837</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 220
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF93FF82FF44FAB6FA29A424" blockId="4.[151,1436,1272,1423]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0BD56CFF93FF82FF44FAB6FA29A424" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FF44FAB6FD81A444" ID-CoL="6FNCX" authority="Simon 1892: 155" authorityName="Simon" authorityPageNumber="155" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,564,1304,1327]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FF44FAB6FEDEA444" box="[151,363,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Ephebopus murinus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABAD453FF93FF82FEAAFAB6FD81A444" author="Simon" box="[377,564,1304,1327]" page="155" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" year="1892">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF93FF82FEAAFAB6FE4AA444" author="Simon" box="[377,511,1304,1327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" refString="Simon, E. (1892) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Paris, Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, 1, 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="1892">Simon 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 155
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABAD453FF93FF82FDECFAB6FCF4A444" author="Mello-Leitao" box="[575,833,1304,1327]" page="316" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" year="1923">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF93FF82FDECFAB6FCBEA444" author="Mello-Leitao" box="[575,779,1304,1327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. de (1923) Theraphosoideas do Brasil. Revista do Museu Paulista, 13, 1 - 438." type="journal article" year="1923">Mello-Leitão 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 316
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABAD453FF93FF82FC9FFAB6FB01A444" author="Lucas" box="[844,1204,1304,1327]" page="246" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" year="1991">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF93FF82FC9FFAB6FB35A444" author="Lucas" box="[844,1152,1304,1327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Lucas, S., da Silva Junior P. I. & Bertani R. (1991) The Brazilian species of the spider genus Ephebopus Simon, 1892 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae), with descriptions of E. uatuman n. sp. Memorias do Instituto Butantan, 53, 161 - 166." type="journal article" year="1991">Lucas, Silva & Bertani 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 246
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, f. 1–4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FF44FA96FEDEA424" box="[151,363,1336,1359]" class="Arachnida" genus="Santaremia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pococki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FF44FA96FEDEA424" box="[151,363,1336,1359]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Santaremia pococki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
F.O.P.-
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABAD453FF93FF82FE60FA96FD13A424" author="Cambridge" box="[435,678,1336,1359]" page="746" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" year="1896">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF93FF82FE60FA96FDC5A424" author="Cambridge" box="[435,624,1336,1359]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Cambridge, F. O. P. - (1896) On the Theraphosidae of the lower Amazons: being an account of the new genera and species of this group of spiders discovered during the expedition of the steamship ' Faraday' up the River Amazons. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 716 - 766." type="proceedings paper" year="1896">Cambridge 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 746
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 33, f. 8–9, pl. 34, f. 20, pl. 35, f. 12;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABAD453FF93FF82FB89FA96FAAFA424" author="Pocock" box="[1114,1306,1336,1359]" page="548" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" year="1901">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF93FF82FB89FA96FB5DA424" author="Pocock" box="[1114,1256,1336,1359]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1901) Some new and old genera of South American Aviculariidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 540 - 555." type="journal article" year="1901">Pocock 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 548
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–549. Holo-
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF93FF82FF14FAF6FBD5A4E4" blockId="4.[151,1436,1272,1423]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A04CE0FF93FF82FF14FAF6FF40A404" box="[199,245,1368,1391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||
female from Santarém, Pará,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF93FF82FDE7FAF6FDCDA404" box="[564,632,1368,1391]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in BMNH, not examined. First synonymized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF93FF82FB55FAF6FAB9A404" author="Simon" box="[1158,1292,1368,1391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" refString="Simon, E. (1903) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Paris, Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, 2, 669 - 1080." type="journal article" year="1903">Simon 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 952.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FF44FAD9FF63A4E4" bold="true" box="[151,214,1399,1423]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A04CE0FF93FF82FF44FAD9FF78A4E4" box="[151,205,1399,1423]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FF0DFAD6FE37A4E4" box="[222,386,1400,1423]" class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Mygale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FF0DFAD6FE37A4E4" box="[222,386,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Mygale murina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A04CE0FF93FF82FE5BFAD6FE50A4E4" box="[392,485,1400,1423]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female (MNHP AR4760, 2160) from ‘Le Para’; examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C301A1C9FF93FF82FF44FA11FE2AA6F9" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF93FF82FF44FA11FE2AA6F9" blockId="4.[151,1436,1471,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FF44FA11FEBCA4B2" bold="true" box="[151,265,1471,1497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
: Walckenaer did not state the county of origin in the original description.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF93FF82FBADFA6EFA94A4B1" author="Simon" box="[1150,1313,1472,1498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" refString="Simon, E. (1892) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Paris, Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, 1, 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="1892">Simon (1892)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A04CE0FF93FF82FF10FA46FF43A769" box="[195,246,1512,1538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and placed it into
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FE07FA46FDE3A76A" box="[468,598,1512,1537]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FE07FA46FDE3A76A" box="[468,598,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Ephebopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; he also noted the country of origin was unknown, but cited there was the indication "
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF93FF82FE80F9BEFE16A741" box="[339,419,1552,1578]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
", "probably by mistake", since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FCFEF9BEFC06A742" box="[813,947,1552,1578]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FCFEF9BEFC8AA742" box="[813,831,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FC80F9BEFC06A742" box="[851,947,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">murinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"resembles the Aviculariids of the Old World" (translated from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF93FF82FE66F996FDFCA739" author="Simon" box="[437,585,1592,1618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" refString="Simon, E. (1892) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Paris, Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, 1, 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="1892">Simon 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 155). When Simon visited Pocock at the BMNH and examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A04CE0FF93FF82FABAF996FA2EA739" box="[1385,1435,1592,1618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FEE8F9CEFD90A712" box="[315,549,1632,1657]" class="Arachnida" genus="Santaremia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pococki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FEE8F9CEFD90A712" box="[315,549,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Santaremia pococki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both Pocock and Simon concluded that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FBC4F9CEFAB4A712" box="[1047,1281,1632,1657]" class="Arachnida" genus="Santaremia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pococki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FBC4F9CEFAB4A712" box="[1047,1281,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Santaremia pococki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FEFAF926FE1CA7CA" box="[297,425,1672,1697]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FEFAF926FE1CA7CA" box="[297,425,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF93FF82FE6BF926FDE3A7C9" author="Pocock" box="[440,598,1672,1698]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1901) Some new and old genera of South American Aviculariidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 540 - 555." type="journal article" year="1901">Pocock 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 547–548;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF93FF82FD04F926FCDCA7C9" author="Simon" box="[727,873,1672,1698]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" refString="Simon, E. (1903) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Paris, Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, 2, 669 - 1080." type="journal article" year="1903">Simon 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 952) and concluded that Walckenaer's 1837 'Le Para' specimen came from that region of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF93FF82FDA5F91EFD0BA7A1" box="[630,702,1712,1738]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF93FF82FD1FF91EFCD5A7A1" author="Simon" box="[716,864,1712,1738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" refString="Simon, E. (1903) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Paris, Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, 2, 669 - 1080." type="journal article" year="1903">Simon 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Actually, Belém, the present capital of the state of Pará was, at that time, called Santa Maria do Grão Belem do Pará, and was commonly abbreviated to 'Para' (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF93FF82FF4DF8AEFEE1A671" author="Papavero" box="[158,340,1792,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" refString="Papavero, N. (1973) Essays on the history of Neotropical Dipterology. Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 2, 217 - 446." type="journal article" year="1973">Papavero 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FEBAF8AEFDE7A672" box="[361,594,1792,1817]" class="Arachnida" genus="Santaremia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pococki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FEBAF8AEFDE7A672" box="[361,594,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Santaremia pococki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from Santarem, also in the state of Pará, where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FAE9F8AEFF75A62A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FAE9F8AEFAF9A672" box="[1338,1356,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FA88F8AEFF75A62A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">murinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very common (F.O.P.-
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A8FB3FF93FF82FE0EF886FD18A629" author="Cambridge" box="[477,685,1832,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Cambridge, F. O. P. - (1896) On the Theraphosidae of the lower Amazons: being an account of the new genera and species of this group of spiders discovered during the expedition of the steamship ' Faraday' up the River Amazons. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 716 - 766." type="proceedings paper" year="1896">Cambridge 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; pers. obs.). Because of the detailed original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FAB5F886FEE6A602" class="Arachnida" genus="Santaremia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pococki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FAB5F886FEE6A602" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Santaremia pococki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which includes a color plate, together with
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A04CE0FF93FF82FC8FF8FEFC3BA601" box="[860,910,1872,1898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, we support the synonymy proposed by Simon and Pocock.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C301A1C9FF93FF80FF16F831FD24A041" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF93FF82FF16F831FA21A689" blockId="4.[151,1436,1471,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FF16F831FE88A6D2" bold="true" box="[197,317,1951,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FE9DF80EFE7AA6D2" box="[334,463,1952,1978]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FE9DF80EFED5A6D2" box="[334,352,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FEBCF80EFE7AA6D2" box="[367,463,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">murinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF93FF82FD06F80EFCE2A6D2" box="[725,855,1952,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF93FF82FD06F80EFCE2A6D2" box="[725,855,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Ephebopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by the bold, ivory-colored parallel bands dorsally on the patellae and tibiae I–IV of both sexes, more so in females on patellae and tibiae I–II (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF93FF82FAE3F866FA33A689" box="[1328,1414,1992,2018]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 16" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,298,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,296,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 16. Ephebopus, habitus and burrow. (11 – 12) E. murinus. 11, Female in burrow entrance. 12, Antepenultimate female in retreat in bromeliad leaf. (13, 15) E. uatuman. 13, Female. 15, Detail of burrow entrance. (14) E. foliatus sp. nov., female paratype, in life. (16). E. cyanognathus, female. Photos: 14, M. Kuntner, other by R. C. West." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183362/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF64A2CAFF92FF83FF44F8E8FBAAA69E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183361/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[174,1415,184,1830]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF92FF83FF44F8E8FBAAA69E" blockId="5.[151,1436,1862,2037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF92FF83FF44F8E8FEE5A635" bold="true" box="[151,336,1862,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">FIGURES 1–10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF92FF83FE84F8E9FE78A635" box="[343,461,1863,1886]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF92FF83FE84F8E9FE78A635" box="[343,461,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Ephebopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, genitalia. (1–2)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF92FF83FD56F8E9FD4FA635" box="[645,762,1863,1886]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF92FF83FD56F8E9FD4FA635" box="[645,762,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 1, Male, AMNH, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 2, Female, AMNH, spermathecae. (3–4)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF92FF83FEA7F8C2FE5AA6E8" box="[372,495,1900,1923]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uatuman">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF92FF83FEA7F8C2FE5AA6E8" box="[372,495,1900,1923]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">E. uatuman</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 3, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 4, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (5–6)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF92FF83FA56F8C2FE9EA6C2" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanognathus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF92FF83FA56F8C2FE9EA6C2" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">E. cyanognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 5, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 6, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (7–8)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF92FF83FB22F83CFAC2A6C2" box="[1265,1399,1938,1961]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF92FF83FB22F83CFAC2A6C2" box="[1265,1399,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">E. rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 7, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 8, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (9–10)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF92FF83FBF4F819FB23A6A5" box="[1063,1174,1975,1998]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foliatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF92FF83FBF4F819FB23A6A5" box="[1063,1174,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">E. foliatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C932BFF92FF83FB4CF819FB5BA6A5" box="[1183,1262,1975,1998]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
.. 9, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 10, Female, paratype, spermathecae. Scale line: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF91FF80FF44FF36FD24A041" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1192]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Additionally, males differ from congeners in that the male palpal bulb is large and globular with a strong embolus tapering apically with the tip outwardly geniculate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF91FF80FCB2FF6EFC13A1B1" box="[865,934,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,184,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[174,1416,184,1832]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Ephebopus, genitalia. (1 – 2) E. murinus. 1, Male, AMNH, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 2, Female, AMNH, spermathecae. (3 – 4) E. uatuman. 3, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 4, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (5 – 6) E. cyanognathus. 5, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 6, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (7 – 8) E. rufescens. 7, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 8, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (9 – 10) E. foliatus sp. nov .. 9, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 10, Female, paratype, spermathecae. Scale line: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183361/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females differ by the spermathecae having two widely separated tall columnar lobes, widest at the base, tapering apically with a small process medially on the outer edge of each lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF91FF80FDE8FEBEFD36A041" box="[571,643,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,184,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[174,1416,184,1832]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Ephebopus, genitalia. (1 – 2) E. murinus. 1, Male, AMNH, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 2, Female, AMNH, spermathecae. (3 – 4) E. uatuman. 3, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 4, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (5 – 6) E. cyanognathus. 5, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 6, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (7 – 8) E. rufescens. 7, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 8, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (9 – 10) E. foliatus sp. nov .. 9, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 10, Female, paratype, spermathecae. Scale line: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183361/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C301A1C9FF91FF80FF16FE99FA32A3D7" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF91FF80FF16FE99FA32A3D7" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1192]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF91FF80FF16FE99FED5A03A" bold="true" box="[197,352,311,337]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A04CE0FF91FF80FEB4FE96FE61A039" box="[359,468,312,338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female, lengths: total body, 61.3; chelicerae, 12.0; carapace, 24.1; abdomen, 25.2; leg I, 74.6; leg II, 67.0; leg III, 55.7; leg IV, 68.9. Leg formula I, IV, II, III. Color of legs and abdomen dark gray; patellae and tibiae dorsum with bold ivory colored parallel stripes, more so on legs I, II; carapace pale buff. Spermathecae: two tall columnar lobes, widely separated, widest at base constricting medially, continuing apically as tall lobes, outer edge of each lobe with small medial process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF91FF80FBF1FE76FBDFA099" box="[1058,1130,472,498]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,184,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[174,1416,184,1832]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Ephebopus, genitalia. (1 – 2) E. murinus. 1, Male, AMNH, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 2, Female, AMNH, spermathecae. (3 – 4) E. uatuman. 3, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 4, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (5 – 6) E. cyanognathus. 5, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 6, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (7 – 8) E. rufescens. 7, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 8, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (9 – 10) E. foliatus sp. nov .. 9, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 10, Female, paratype, spermathecae. Scale line: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183361/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Male (IBSP 4937),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF91FF80FABBFE76FF02A377" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, state of Pará, Tucuruí [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F9485FF91FF80FE08FDACFD84A377" box="[475,561,512,540]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" precision="925" value="-3.75">3o45' S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F9485FF91FF80FD93FDACFD01A377" box="[576,692,512,540]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" precision="925" value="-49.666668">49o40' W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="FFA5D482FF91FF80FD1AFDACFC98A377" box="[713,813,514,540]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" value="1986-06">VI.1986</date>
|
||
, lengths: total body, 37.8; chelicerae, 3.6; carapace, 15.3; abdomen, 18.9; leg I, 68.88; leg II, 59.14; leg III, 51.53; leg IV, 61.32. Leg formula, I, IV, II, III. Color of legs and abdomen dark reddish brown, legs and abdomen with longer amber setae; carapace with lighter amber pubescence; ivory-colored parallel stripes on all patellae and tibiae but not as bold as that found in females. Palpal bulb large, globular; embolus strong and tapering apically, tip outwardly geniculate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF91FF80FAE3FD0CFAC0A3D7" box="[1328,1397,674,700]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,184,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[174,1416,184,1832]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Ephebopus, genitalia. (1 – 2) E. murinus. 1, Male, AMNH, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 2, Female, AMNH, spermathecae. (3 – 4) E. uatuman. 3, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 4, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (5 – 6) E. cyanognathus. 5, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 6, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (7 – 8) E. rufescens. 7, Male, paratype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 8, Female, paratype, spermathecae. (9 – 10) E. foliatus sp. nov .. 9, Male, holotype, palpal bulb, retrolateral. 10, Female, paratype, spermathecae. Scale line: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183361/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C301A1C9FF91FF80FF16FD63FC19A2FB" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF91FF80FF16FD63FC19A2FB" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1192]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF91FF80FF16FD63FDE6A38C" bold="true" box="[197,595,717,743]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Additional Material Examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF91FF80FD8FFD63FCE4A38C" box="[604,849,717,743]" name="French Guiana" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">FRENCH GUIANA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1D39CBFF91FF80FC8EFD63FC7DA38C" box="[861,968,717,743]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
, Iracoubo District, Iracoubo (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F9485FF91FF80FAFBFD63FA22A38C" box="[1320,1431,715,743]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" precision="925" value="5.4666667">05o28’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F9485FF91FF80FF44FD57FEBFA278" box="[151,266,757,787]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" precision="925" value="-53.2">53o12’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFA5D482FF91FF80FECCFD57FE34A278" box="[287,385,761,787]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" value="2001-03">III.2001</date>
|
||
, S.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF91FF80FE7FFD57FDADA278" box="[428,536,761,787]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Marshall</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1D39CBFF91FF80FDF7FD57FD38A278" box="[548,653,761,787]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
, Montsinéry District, Emerald Jungle Village [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F9485FF91FF80FB63FD57FABAA278" box="[1200,1295,757,787]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" precision="925" value="4.8166666">4o49’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F9485FF91FF80FAC8FD57FA25A278" box="[1307,1424,757,787]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" precision="925" value="-52.35">52o21’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="FFA5D482FF91FF80FF44FC8DFF42A256" box="[151,247,803,829]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" value="1999-04">IV.1999</date>
|
||
, S.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF91FF80FEF9FC8DFE23A256" box="[298,406,803,829]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Marshall</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1D39CBFF91FF80FE75FC8DFE48A256" box="[422,509,803,829]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
, Montsinéry District, Emerald Jungle Village [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F9485FF91FF80FBE9FC8DFB2BA256" box="[1082,1182,800,829]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" precision="925" value="4.8166666">4o49’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F9485FF91FF80FB7DFC8DFA93A256" box="[1198,1318,800,829]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" precision="925" value="-52.35">52o21’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="FFA5D482FF91FF80FAECFC8DFA29A256" box="[1343,1436,803,829]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" value="1999-04">IV.1999</date>
|
||
(matured
|
||
<date id="FFA5D482FF91FF80FEC2FCE0FEC0A203" box="[273,373,846,872]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" value="1999-09">IX.1999</date>
|
||
), S.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF91FF80FE6EFCE0FD9CA203" box="[445,553,846,872]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Marshall</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF91FF80FDEEFCE0FD19A203" box="[573,684,846,872]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1D39CBFF91FF80FD13FCE0FC86A203" box="[704,819,846,872]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
, state of Pará, Ananindeua [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F9485FF91FF80FB7FFCE0FB49A203" box="[1196,1276,843,872]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" precision="925" value="-1.35">1o21’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F9485FF91FF80FAC1FCE0FA3AA203" box="[1298,1423,843,872]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" precision="925" value="-48.366665">48o22’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="FFA5D482FF91FF80FF44FCD8FE9CA2FB" box="[151,297,886,912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" value="1974-07-18">18.VII.1974</date>
|
||
, R. F. de Silva;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1D39CBFF91FF80FE31FCD8FD8AA2FB" box="[482,575,886,912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
, state of Amapá, no other data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C301A1C9FF91FF80FF16FC30FE79A5C3" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF91FF80FF16FC30FA85A2D3" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1192]" box="[197,1328,926,952]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF91FF80FF16FC30FEDDA2D3" bold="true" box="[197,360,926,952]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Northeastern Brazilian Amazon,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF91FF80FD20FC30FC15A2D3" box="[755,928,926,952]" name="French Guiana" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30CB2D2FF91FF80FB99FC30FB0FA2D3" box="[1098,1210,926,952]" name="Suriname" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF91FF80FB18FC30FA96A2D3" box="[1227,1315,926,952]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="20.[151,255,1345,1369]" captionTargetBox="[152,1385,209,1344]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,194,1383]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 30. Map showing records of Ephebopus species in northern South America." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183369/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4F242FF91FF80FF16FC68FE79A5C3" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1192]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF91FF80FF16FC68FE22A28B" bold="true" box="[197,407,966,992]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Natural History:</emphasis>
|
||
The burrows of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF91FF80FD8FFC69FD68A28B" box="[604,733,967,992]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF91FF80FD8FFC69FD68A28B" box="[604,733,967,992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinctive among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF91FF80FC39FC69FBD9A28B" box="[1002,1132,967,992]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF91FF80FC39FC69FBD9A28B" box="[1002,1132,967,992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Ephebopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. They are a vertical tube terminating in a retreat chamber as do some fossorial theraphosids, but the burrow entrance has a large and elaborate trumpet-shaped turret of silk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF91FF80FD04FBB8FC98A55B" box="[727,813,1046,1072]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 16" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,298,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,296,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 16. Ephebopus, habitus and burrow. (11 – 12) E. murinus. 11, Female in burrow entrance. 12, Antepenultimate female in retreat in bromeliad leaf. (13, 15) E. uatuman. 13, Female. 15, Detail of burrow entrance. (14) E. foliatus sp. nov., female paratype, in life. (16). E. cyanognathus, female. Photos: 14, M. Kuntner, other by R. C. West." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183362/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). We have also observed that early instars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF91FF80FAE8FBB9FF75A533" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF91FF80FAE8FBB9FF75A533" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
live in arboreal refugia, constructing retreats of silk in terrestrial bromeliads (SDM & RCW, pers. obs.) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1320EEC7FF91FF80FF4CFBC8FF42A5EB" box="[159,247,1126,1152]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 16" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,298,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,296,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 16. Ephebopus, habitus and burrow. (11 – 12) E. murinus. 11, Female in burrow entrance. 12, Antepenultimate female in retreat in bromeliad leaf. (13, 15) E. uatuman. 13, Female. 15, Detail of burrow entrance. (14) E. foliatus sp. nov., female paratype, in life. (16). E. cyanognathus, female. Photos: 14, M. Kuntner, other by R. C. West." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183362/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Unlike spiderlings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF91FF80FDDBFBC9FD3DA5EB" box="[520,648,1126,1152]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF91FF80FDDBFBC9FDAFA5EB" box="[520,538,1127,1152]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF91FF80FDFBFBC9FD3DA5EB" box="[552,648,1127,1152]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">murinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, spiderlings of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B89C1FF91FF80FC53FBC9FBB7A5EB" box="[896,1026,1127,1152]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ephebopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F2E50FF91FF80FC53FBC9FBB7A5EB" box="[896,1026,1127,1152]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Ephebopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have not been found living in silk tubes in vegetation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |