463 lines
82 KiB
XML
463 lines
82 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="11B3CC4266655A91208D2F26EEB0FB62">A review of the wasp mimicking spider genus Coenoptychus Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF88551696A44369FDC9FECC" ID-CoL="5ZJGS" authority="Simon, 1885" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,583,295,322]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Coenoptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">
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<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF88551696A44369FDC9FECC" bold="true" box="[151,583,295,322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
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<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF88551696A44369FE28FECF" bold="true" box="[151,422,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Coenoptychus pulcher</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF884B23FF885516979E4366FDC9FECC" box="[429,583,296,322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" refId="ref5004" refString="Simon, E. (1885) Materiaux pour servir a la faune arachnologiques de l'Asie meridionale. I. Arachnides recueillis a Wagra- Karoor pres Gundacul, district de Bellary par M. M. Chaper. II. Arachnides recueillis a Ramnad, district de Madura par M. l'abbe Fabre. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 1 - 39." type="journal article">Simon, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BA636D2FF88551696A44304FDCFFEEC" blockId="2.[151,583,295,355]" box="[151,577,330,355]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
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<figureCitation id="13222A57FF88551696A44304FE9BFEED" box="[151,277,330,355]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,282,1617]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[168,1419,265,1633]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. General appearance of Coenoptychus pulcher (A‒D) and Mutillid wasps (E‒F). A. female, dorsal view; B. male, dorsal view; C. female, dorso-lateral view, D. male, dorso-lateral view; E. Bischoffitilla sp.female, dorsal view; F.Trogaspidia villosa (Fabricius, 1775) female, dorsal view (Photo Credits: A‒D Karunnappilli S. Nafin, E‒F Jimmy Paul)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221986/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Figs 1A‒D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13222A57FF88551697134305FEE6FEED" box="[288,360,331,355]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[174,1410,233,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,207,1905]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Coenoptychus pulcher. A‒B. female habitus, dorsal and ventral views; C‒D. male habitus, dorsal and ventral views; E‒F.male palp, ventral and retrolateral views; G‒H.epigyne, ventral and dorsal views.Scale bars: A‒D = 2.0 mm, E‒F = 0.5 mm, G‒H =0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221988/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">2A‒H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13222A57FF88551697404305FE3DFEED" box="[371,435,331,355]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1348,1370]" captionTargetBox="[194,1422,213,1295]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1435,196,1330]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Coenoptychus pulcher. A‒C. male left palp, prolateral, ventral and retrolateral view; D. embolus, ventral view; E‒F. epigyne, ventral and dorsal view. Scale bars: A‒D = 0.5 mm, E‒F = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: BpL‒baso-prolateral lobe; CD‒copulatory duct; CO‒copulatory opening; DL‒dumbbell lobe; E‒embolus; ER‒elevated ridge; FD‒fertilization duct; SD‒ sperm duct; ST‒subtegulum; S I‒spermathecae I; S II‒spermathecae II; T‒tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221990/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">3A‒F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13222A57FF885516978C4305FDCFFEEC" box="[447,577,331,355]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,588,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,585,1724]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE4. Coenoptychus pulcher (A‒C, F‒K), Graptartia granulosa (D)and C. tropicalis (E).A. male, eye pattern; B. male, vertical arrow showing white plumose setae lying adjacent to lateral carapace margins, horizontal arrow indicating gap in intercoxal sclerite; C. female, spinnerets, arrow showing inframamillary sclerite; D‒E. female habitus, dorsal view; F. female abdomen, posteriorview,arrow showing setaeabove anal tubercle;G.femalechelicerae with modified setae; H.same, enlarged view; I. male, carapacesurface with partially removed scales; J. female, right femur IV, arrow showing constriction; K.female, right tarsus IV. Scale bars: A‒B, G‒H:0.2 mm, F, I‒J: 0.5 mm, C, K: 0.1 mm, D: 2 mm, E: not to scale. Image D (MAI962) by Matías A. Izquierdo and Image E(CJG1307) by Cristian J. Grismado, MACN, Argentina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221992/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">4A‒C, F‒K</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF88551696A443C3FEF4FE2D" box="[151,378,397,419]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Coenoptychus pulcher</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB810C3FF88551697B143C3FDA2FE2D" author="" box="[386,556,397,419]" page="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF884B23FF88551697B143C3FD86FE2D" box="[386,520,397,419]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" refId="ref5004" refString="Simon, E. (1885) Materiaux pour servir a la faune arachnologiques de l'Asie meridionale. I. Arachnides recueillis a Wagra- Karoor pres Gundacul, district de Bellary par M. M. Chaper. II. Arachnides recueillis a Ramnad, district de Madura par M. l'abbe Fabre. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 1 - 39." type="journal article">Simon, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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: 37
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(Holotype ♀: INDIA: Ramnad/Ramanathapuram [09°22'14.12''N, 78°50'00.44''E], no date, MNHN—not examined);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB810C3FF885516943B43E2FD41FE4C" author="" box="[520,719,428,450]" page="276" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF884B23FF885516943B43E2FD15FE4C" box="[520,667,428,450]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" refId="ref4686" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 33, 211 - 282." type="journal article">Gravely, 1931</bibRefCitation>
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: 276
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 20G;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB810C3FF885516957343E2FB05FE4C" author="" box="[832,1163,428,450]" page="145" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF884B23FF885516957343E2FBD6FE4C" box="[832,1112,428,450]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" refId="ref4885" refString="Majumder, S. C. & Tikader, B. K. (1991) Studies on some spiders of the family Clubionidae from India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper, 102, 1 - 175." type="journal article">Majumder & Tikader 1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 145
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 306‒310; Deeleman-
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB810C3FF88551696F44384FE16FE6E" author="" box="[199,408,458,480]" page="329" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF884B23FF88551696F44384FEE8FE6E" box="[199,358,458,480]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" refId="ref4635" refString="Deeleman-Reinhold, C. L. (2001) Forest spiders of South East Asia: with a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanterriidae [sic]). Brill, Leiden, 591 pp." type="book">Reinhold, 2001</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 329
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 486‒488.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA636D2FF88551696A443A7FD7AFE71" blockId="2.[151,1436,397,542]" box="[151,756,489,511]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0911FCFF88551696A443A7FD7AFE71" box="[151,756,489,511]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF88551696A443A7FDD5FE71" authority="Karsch, 1892: 295" authorityName="Karsch" authorityPageNumber="295" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,603,489,511]" class="Arachnida" genus="Onychocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutillaris">
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<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF88551696A443A7FE17FE71" box="[151,409,489,511]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Onychocryptus mutillaris</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB810C3FF88551697AC43A7FDD5FE71" author="" box="[415,603,489,511]" page="295" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF884B23FF88551697AC43A7FDA7FE71" box="[415,553,489,511]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" refId="ref4850" refString="Karsch, F. (1892) Arachniden von Ceylon und von Minikoy gesammelt von den Herren Doctoren P. und F. Sarasin. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 36, 267 - 310." type="journal article">Karsch, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 295
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, pl. 11, fig. 17.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA636D2FF88551696A44046FA17FD90" blockId="2.[151,1436,397,542]" box="[151,1433,520,542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0911FCFF88551696A44046FA17FD90" box="[151,1433,520,542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF88551696A44046FDDEFD90" authority="Simon, 1897: 174" authorityName="Simon" authorityPageNumber="174" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,592,520,542]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Coenoptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchellus">
|
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<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF88551696A44046FE1AFD90" box="[151,404,520,542]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Coenoptychus pulchellus</emphasis>
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB810C3FF88551697A84046FDDEFD90" author="" box="[411,592,520,542]" page="174" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF884B23FF88551697A84046FDAEFD90" box="[411,544,520,542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" refId="ref5072" refString="Simon, E. (1897) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Vol. 2. Roret, Paris, 192 pp." type="book">Simon, 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 174
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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(lapsus);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB810C3FF88551694874046FCD4FD90" author="" box="[692,858,520,542]" page="92" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF884B23FF88551694874046FCBAFD90" box="[692,820,520,542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" refId="ref4723" refString="Green, E. (1912) On a remarkable mimetic spider. Spolia Zeylan, 8, 92 - 93." type="journal article">Green, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 92
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 5‒6;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB810C3FF88551695F04046FB48FD90" author="" box="[963,1222,520,542]" page="179" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF884B23FF88551695F04046FB1DFD90" box="[963,1171,520,542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" refId="ref4929" refString="Petrunkevitch, A. (1928) Systema Aranearum. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 29, 1 - 270." type="journal article">Petrunkevitch, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 179
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB810C3FF88551692E34046FA1DFD90" author="" box="[1232,1427,520,542]" page="149" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF884B23FF88551692E34046FAEDFD90" box="[1232,1379,520,542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" refId="ref4555" refString="Berland, L. (1932) Les Arachnides (Scorpions, Araignees, etc.). Biologie Encyclopedie entomologique, Paris, 16, 1 - 485." type="journal article">Berland, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 149
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3036559FF88551696A4400BFE43FC2C" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636D2FF88551696A4400BFE43FC2C" blockId="2.[151,1437,581,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF88551696A4400BFE9FFDD0" bold="true" box="[151,273,581,606]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF8855169729400BFD99FDD0" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1885" box="[282,535,581,606]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Coenoptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8855169729400BFD99FDD0" box="[282,535,581,606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Coenoptychus pulcher</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF885516950F4008FC44FDD0" authorityName="Paul & Sankaran & Sebastian & Joseph" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Haddad" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[828,970,581,606]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Coenoptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropicalis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF885516950F4008FC44FDD0" box="[828,970,581,606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">C. tropicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E57BBFF88551695E0400BFBD8FDD0" box="[979,1110,581,606]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF88551695E0400BFBD8FDD0" bold="true" box="[979,1110,581,606]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, but can be easily separated from it by the following combination of features: abdominal scutum of both sexes with four white spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF88551693004027FF20FD2B" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,282,1617]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[168,1419,265,1633]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. General appearance of Coenoptychus pulcher (A‒D) and Mutillid wasps (E‒F). A. female, dorsal view; B. male, dorsal view; C. female, dorso-lateral view, D. male, dorso-lateral view; E. Bischoffitilla sp.female, dorsal view; F.Trogaspidia villosa (Fabricius, 1775) female, dorsal view (Photo Credits: A‒D Karunnappilli S. Nafin, E‒F Jimmy Paul)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221986/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Figs 1A‒ D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF885516968A40C0FF73FD28" box="[185,253,654,678]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[174,1410,233,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,207,1905]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Coenoptychus pulcher. A‒B. female habitus, dorsal and ventral views; C‒D. male habitus, dorsal and ventral views; E‒F.male palp, ventral and retrolateral views; G‒H.epigyne, ventral and dorsal views.Scale bars: A‒D = 2.0 mm, E‒F = 0.5 mm, G‒H =0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221988/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">2A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) vs with a broad white anterior band and two small lateral triangular markings, fused to a median stripe in front of spinnerets in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF88551697BD40FCFD95FD44" authorityName="Paul & Sankaran & Sebastian & Joseph" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Haddad" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[398,539,689,714]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Coenoptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropicalis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF88551697BD40FCFD95FD44" box="[398,539,689,714]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">C. tropicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E57BBFF885516941040FFFD2BFD44" box="[547,677,689,714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF885516941040FFFD2BFD44" bold="true" box="[547,677,689,714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B23FF885516948640FFFC20FD44" box="[693,942,689,714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" refId="ref4745" refString="Haddad, C. R. (2004) A revision of the spider genus Graptartia Simon, 1896 (Araneae: Corinnidae) in the Afrotropical region. African Entomology, 12, 71 - 81." type="journal article">Haddad 2004: fig. 29</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); globose spermathecae II (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF88551692D440FFFAC8FD44" box="[1255,1350,689,714]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[174,1410,233,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,207,1905]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Coenoptychus pulcher. A‒B. female habitus, dorsal and ventral views; C‒D. male habitus, dorsal and ventral views; E‒F.male palp, ventral and retrolateral views; G‒H.epigyne, ventral and dorsal views.Scale bars: A‒D = 2.0 mm, E‒F = 0.5 mm, G‒H =0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221988/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Figs 2H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF885516936040FCFAFCFD44" box="[1363,1394,690,714]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1348,1370]" captionTargetBox="[194,1422,213,1295]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1435,196,1330]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Coenoptychus pulcher. A‒C. male left palp, prolateral, ventral and retrolateral view; D. embolus, ventral view; E‒F. epigyne, ventral and dorsal view. Scale bars: A‒D = 0.5 mm, E‒F = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: BpL‒baso-prolateral lobe; CD‒copulatory duct; CO‒copulatory opening; DL‒dumbbell lobe; E‒embolus; ER‒elevated ridge; FD‒fertilization duct; SD‒ sperm duct; ST‒subtegulum; S I‒spermathecae I; S II‒spermathecae II; T‒tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221990/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">3F</figureCitation>
|
||
) vs subtriangular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF88551697664098FE6BFD60" authorityName="Paul & Sankaran & Sebastian & Joseph" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Haddad" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[341,485,725,750]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Coenoptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropicalis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF88551697664098FE6BFD60" box="[341,485,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">C. tropicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E57BBFF88551697DC409BFDFDFD60" box="[495,627,725,750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF88551697DC409BFDFDFD60" bold="true" box="[495,627,725,750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B23FF88551694B6409BFC3CFD60" box="[645,946,725,750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" refId="ref4745" refString="Haddad, C. R. (2004) A revision of the spider genus Graptartia Simon, 1896 (Araneae: Corinnidae) in the Afrotropical region. African Entomology, 12, 71 - 81." type="journal article">Haddad 2004: figs 30‒31</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); postero-laterally placed copulatory ducts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF88551696AC40B7FF79FC9C" box="[159,247,761,786]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1348,1370]" captionTargetBox="[194,1422,213,1295]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1435,196,1330]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Coenoptychus pulcher. A‒C. male left palp, prolateral, ventral and retrolateral view; D. embolus, ventral view; E‒F. epigyne, ventral and dorsal view. Scale bars: A‒D = 0.5 mm, E‒F = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: BpL‒baso-prolateral lobe; CD‒copulatory duct; CO‒copulatory opening; DL‒dumbbell lobe; E‒embolus; ER‒elevated ridge; FD‒fertilization duct; SD‒ sperm duct; ST‒subtegulum; S I‒spermathecae I; S II‒spermathecae II; T‒tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221990/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
) vs laterally placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF885516943D40B4FD11FC9C" authorityName="Paul & Sankaran & Sebastian & Joseph" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Haddad" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[526,671,761,786]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Coenoptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropicalis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF885516943D40B4FD11FC9C" box="[526,671,761,786]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">C. tropicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E57BBFF885516949940B7FCBEFC9C" box="[682,816,761,786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF885516949940B7FCBEFC9C" bold="true" box="[682,816,761,786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B23FF885516957040B7FBCBFC9C" box="[835,1093,761,786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" refId="ref4745" refString="Haddad, C. R. (2004) A revision of the spider genus Graptartia Simon, 1896 (Araneae: Corinnidae) in the Afrotropical region. African Entomology, 12, 71 - 81." type="journal article">Haddad 2004: fig. 31</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); spermathecae II with basoprolateral projection (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF88551697BE4153FE6FFCB8" box="[397,481,797,822]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1348,1370]" captionTargetBox="[194,1422,213,1295]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1435,196,1330]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Coenoptychus pulcher. A‒C. male left palp, prolateral, ventral and retrolateral view; D. embolus, ventral view; E‒F. epigyne, ventral and dorsal view. Scale bars: A‒D = 0.5 mm, E‒F = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: BpL‒baso-prolateral lobe; CD‒copulatory duct; CO‒copulatory opening; DL‒dumbbell lobe; E‒embolus; ER‒elevated ridge; FD‒fertilization duct; SD‒ sperm duct; ST‒subtegulum; S I‒spermathecae I; S II‒spermathecae II; T‒tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221990/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
) vs without projection in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF885516953A4150FC18FCB8" authorityName="Paul & Sankaran & Sebastian & Joseph" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Haddad" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[777,918,797,822]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Coenoptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropicalis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF885516953A4150FC18FCB8" box="[777,918,797,822]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">C. tropicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E57BBFF88551695AD4153FB91FCBB" box="[926,1055,797,822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF88551695AD4153FB96FCB8" bold="true" box="[926,1048,797,822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">comb. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B23FF885516921C4153FAA8FCB8" box="[1071,1318,797,822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" refId="ref4745" refString="Haddad, C. R. (2004) A revision of the spider genus Graptartia Simon, 1896 (Araneae: Corinnidae) in the Afrotropical region. African Entomology, 12, 71 - 81." type="journal article">Haddad 2004: fig. 31</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); embolus with 1.5 coils (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF8855169777410FFE4EFCD4" box="[324,448,833,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1348,1370]" captionTargetBox="[194,1422,213,1295]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1435,196,1330]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Coenoptychus pulcher. A‒C. male left palp, prolateral, ventral and retrolateral view; D. embolus, ventral view; E‒F. epigyne, ventral and dorsal view. Scale bars: A‒D = 0.5 mm, E‒F = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: BpL‒baso-prolateral lobe; CD‒copulatory duct; CO‒copulatory opening; DL‒dumbbell lobe; E‒embolus; ER‒elevated ridge; FD‒fertilization duct; SD‒ sperm duct; ST‒subtegulum; S I‒spermathecae I; S II‒spermathecae II; T‒tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221990/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 3A‒D</figureCitation>
|
||
) vs. with 2 coils in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF885516949B410CFCBBFCD4" authorityName="Paul & Sankaran & Sebastian & Joseph" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Haddad" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[680,821,833,858]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Coenoptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropicalis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF885516949B410CFCBBFCD4" box="[680,821,833,858]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">C. tropicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E57BBFF885516950D410FFC4FFCD4" box="[830,961,833,858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF885516950D410FFC4FFCD4" bold="true" box="[830,961,833,858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B23FF88551695E2410FFB77FCD4" box="[977,1273,833,858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" refId="ref4745" refString="Haddad, C. R. (2004) A revision of the spider genus Graptartia Simon, 1896 (Araneae: Corinnidae) in the Afrotropical region. African Entomology, 12, 71 - 81." type="journal article">Haddad 2004: figs 32‒33</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and inverted comma-shaped epigynal ridges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF8855169436412BFDD7FCF0" box="[517,601,869,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1348,1370]" captionTargetBox="[194,1422,213,1295]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1435,196,1330]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Coenoptychus pulcher. A‒C. male left palp, prolateral, ventral and retrolateral view; D. embolus, ventral view; E‒F. epigyne, ventral and dorsal view. Scale bars: A‒D = 0.5 mm, E‒F = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: BpL‒baso-prolateral lobe; CD‒copulatory duct; CO‒copulatory opening; DL‒dumbbell lobe; E‒embolus; ER‒elevated ridge; FD‒fertilization duct; SD‒ sperm duct; ST‒subtegulum; S I‒spermathecae I; S II‒spermathecae II; T‒tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221990/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
) vs with semi-circular-shaped epigynal ridges in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF88551692B44128FA9AFCF0" authorityName="Paul & Sankaran & Sebastian & Joseph" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Haddad" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[1159,1300,869,894]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Coenoptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropicalis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF88551692B44128FA9AFCF0" box="[1159,1300,869,894]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">C. tropicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E57BBFF8855169328412BFA12FCF0" box="[1307,1436,869,894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8855169328412BFA12FCF0" bold="true" box="[1307,1436,869,894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B23FF88551696AD41C7FE4FFC2C" box="[158,449,905,930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" refId="ref4745" refString="Haddad, C. R. (2004) A revision of the spider genus Graptartia Simon, 1896 (Araneae: Corinnidae) in the Afrotropical region. African Entomology, 12, 71 - 81." type="journal article">Haddad 2004: figs 30‒31</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3036559FF88551296F441E3FCA8FE7A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636D2FF88551696F441E3FE8AFB68" blockId="2.[151,1437,581,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF88551696F441E3FD00FC48" bold="true" box="[199,654,941,966]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Male (ADSH19131B). Measurements:</emphasis>
|
||
Body length 4.93. Carapace 2.54 long, 1.55 wide. Abdomen length 2.39, width 1.82. Eye sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.06, AME 0.08, PLE 0.07, PME 0.07, ALE‒PLE 0.37, AME‒ ALE 0.05, AME‒AME 0.10, AME‒PME 0.15, PLE‒PLE 0.67, PME‒PLE 0.17, PME‒PME 0.21. Clypeus height at AME 0.30, at ALE 0.22. Chelicerae 0.65 long. Measurements of palp and legs (right): palp 2.25 [0.69, 0.20, 0.28, 1.08], I 4.05 [1.10, 0.51, 0.87, 0.86, 0.71], II 3.92 [1.10, 0.51, 0.79, 0.83, 0.69], III 3.62 [1.01, 0.50, 0.70, 0.83, 0.58], IV 6.46 [1.41, 0.61, 1.07, 1.37, 2.00]. Spination: palp: femur do 2, cymbium pl 3; legs: femora I‒II pl 1 do
|
||
<date id="FFA71012FF885516968946C8FF65FB13" box="[186,235,1158,1182]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">3 III</date>
|
||
pl 1 do 3 rl 1, IV pl 2 do 3 rl 1; patellae I‒IV do 2 fine setae; tibiae I plv 1 rlv 2, II rlv 2, III plv 2, IV pl 1 rl 1 plv 1 vt 1; metatarsus I plv 2 rlv 1, II plv 2 rlv 2, III plv 4 rlv 2 vt 1, IV pl 2 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 1 vt 2; tarsi I‒IV spineless.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636D2FF88551796F446BCFCCAFF5A" blockId="2.[151,1437,581,2010]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
|
||
Carapace dark reddish with dark grey boarders, papillate, with serrated margins, slightly elevated towards rear, highest at two-thirds its length, ornamented with short golden and long white hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF8855169267475BFB2DFAA0" box="[1108,1187,1301,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,588,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,585,1724]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE4. Coenoptychus pulcher (A‒C, F‒K), Graptartia granulosa (D)and C. tropicalis (E).A. male, eye pattern; B. male, vertical arrow showing white plumose setae lying adjacent to lateral carapace margins, horizontal arrow indicating gap in intercoxal sclerite; C. female, spinnerets, arrow showing inframamillary sclerite; D‒E. female habitus, dorsal view; F. female abdomen, posteriorview,arrow showing setaeabove anal tubercle;G.femalechelicerae with modified setae; H.same, enlarged view; I. male, carapacesurface with partially removed scales; J. female, right femur IV, arrow showing constriction; K.female, right tarsus IV. Scale bars: A‒B, G‒H:0.2 mm, F, I‒J: 0.5 mm, C, K: 0.1 mm, D: 2 mm, E: not to scale. Image D (MAI962) by Matías A. Izquierdo and Image E(CJG1307) by Cristian J. Grismado, MACN, Argentina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221992/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFA71012FF88551692BA4758FB2DFAA0" box="[1161,1187,1302,1326]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">4I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), white feathery setae lying adjacent to the lateral margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF885516947A4777FD2DFADC" box="[585,675,1337,1362]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,588,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,585,1724]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE4. Coenoptychus pulcher (A‒C, F‒K), Graptartia granulosa (D)and C. tropicalis (E).A. male, eye pattern; B. male, vertical arrow showing white plumose setae lying adjacent to lateral carapace margins, horizontal arrow indicating gap in intercoxal sclerite; C. female, spinnerets, arrow showing inframamillary sclerite; D‒E. female habitus, dorsal view; F. female abdomen, posteriorview,arrow showing setaeabove anal tubercle;G.femalechelicerae with modified setae; H.same, enlarged view; I. male, carapacesurface with partially removed scales; J. female, right femur IV, arrow showing constriction; K.female, right tarsus IV. Scale bars: A‒B, G‒H:0.2 mm, F, I‒J: 0.5 mm, C, K: 0.1 mm, D: 2 mm, E: not to scale. Image D (MAI962) by Matías A. Izquierdo and Image E(CJG1307) by Cristian J. Grismado, MACN, Argentina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221992/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
, vertical arrow). Eye field blackish, with long, curved setae, eyes subequal, PER strongly recurved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF88551694194713FD04FAF8" box="[554,650,1373,1398]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,588,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,585,1724]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE4. Coenoptychus pulcher (A‒C, F‒K), Graptartia granulosa (D)and C. tropicalis (E).A. male, eye pattern; B. male, vertical arrow showing white plumose setae lying adjacent to lateral carapace margins, horizontal arrow indicating gap in intercoxal sclerite; C. female, spinnerets, arrow showing inframamillary sclerite; D‒E. female habitus, dorsal view; F. female abdomen, posteriorview,arrow showing setaeabove anal tubercle;G.femalechelicerae with modified setae; H.same, enlarged view; I. male, carapacesurface with partially removed scales; J. female, right femur IV, arrow showing constriction; K.female, right tarsus IV. Scale bars: A‒B, G‒H:0.2 mm, F, I‒J: 0.5 mm, C, K: 0.1 mm, D: 2 mm, E: not to scale. Image D (MAI962) by Matías A. Izquierdo and Image E(CJG1307) by Cristian J. Grismado, MACN, Argentina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221992/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fovea short and narrow. Clypeus black, with long, curved setae. Chelicerae dark greyish-orange, dorsum covered with greyish-black setae; promargin middle tooth largest. Maxillae, labium dark orange. Sternum reddish-orange, with black margins, papillate, covered with feathery setae intermingled with short and long white and pale setae, with precoxal triangles, intercoxal sclerites between all coxae except I and II, intercoxal sclerites discontinuous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF885516957747A3FC2FF988" box="[836,929,1517,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,588,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,585,1724]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE4. Coenoptychus pulcher (A‒C, F‒K), Graptartia granulosa (D)and C. tropicalis (E).A. male, eye pattern; B. male, vertical arrow showing white plumose setae lying adjacent to lateral carapace margins, horizontal arrow indicating gap in intercoxal sclerite; C. female, spinnerets, arrow showing inframamillary sclerite; D‒E. female habitus, dorsal view; F. female abdomen, posteriorview,arrow showing setaeabove anal tubercle;G.femalechelicerae with modified setae; H.same, enlarged view; I. male, carapacesurface with partially removed scales; J. female, right femur IV, arrow showing constriction; K.female, right tarsus IV. Scale bars: A‒B, G‒H:0.2 mm, F, I‒J: 0.5 mm, C, K: 0.1 mm, D: 2 mm, E: not to scale. Image D (MAI962) by Matías A. Izquierdo and Image E(CJG1307) by Cristian J. Grismado, MACN, Argentina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221992/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
, horizontal arrow), fused with plural bars, precoxal triangles separated at coxae II, III and IV. Abdomen oval; dorsal scutum blackish, entire, with two pairs of sigilla, covered with black feathery setae, rest with short, white feathery setae intermingled with long grey and white setae; dorsum with four major spots of short white feathery setae, two medially and two laterally, with very short patch of white feathery setae on each postero-lateral side, anterior half with scattered gold feathery setae up to median white spot, tuft of short, white feathery setae just above anal tubercle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF885516923B44EFFBD0F934" box="[1032,1118,1697,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,588,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,585,1724]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE4. Coenoptychus pulcher (A‒C, F‒K), Graptartia granulosa (D)and C. tropicalis (E).A. male, eye pattern; B. male, vertical arrow showing white plumose setae lying adjacent to lateral carapace margins, horizontal arrow indicating gap in intercoxal sclerite; C. female, spinnerets, arrow showing inframamillary sclerite; D‒E. female habitus, dorsal view; F. female abdomen, posteriorview,arrow showing setaeabove anal tubercle;G.femalechelicerae with modified setae; H.same, enlarged view; I. male, carapacesurface with partially removed scales; J. female, right femur IV, arrow showing constriction; K.female, right tarsus IV. Scale bars: A‒B, G‒H:0.2 mm, F, I‒J: 0.5 mm, C, K: 0.1 mm, D: 2 mm, E: not to scale. Image D (MAI962) by Matías A. Izquierdo and Image E(CJG1307) by Cristian J. Grismado, MACN, Argentina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221992/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
); venter with reddish-brown ventral sclerite, epigastric sclerite reddish-orange, post epigastric sclerites thin, with setal bases from granules; ventral sclerite heavily sclerotised, rectangular, situated between epigastric furrow and inframammillary sclerite, inframammillary sclerite small. Pedicel short, with collar. Spinnerets orange-brown. Legs I‒III yellowish-brown, IV reddish-brown, spinose, covered with short, erect setae and scattered short feathery setae; all leg segments with black annulations, except femur I and all tarsi; all coxae lack retrocoxal window; all patellae with narrow patellar indentation; glabrous distal constriction on femora III and IV, prominent on IV (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF88551692114537FBFDF81C" box="[1058,1139,1913,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,588,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,585,1724]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE4. Coenoptychus pulcher (A‒C, F‒K), Graptartia granulosa (D)and C. tropicalis (E).A. male, eye pattern; B. male, vertical arrow showing white plumose setae lying adjacent to lateral carapace margins, horizontal arrow indicating gap in intercoxal sclerite; C. female, spinnerets, arrow showing inframamillary sclerite; D‒E. female habitus, dorsal view; F. female abdomen, posteriorview,arrow showing setaeabove anal tubercle;G.femalechelicerae with modified setae; H.same, enlarged view; I. male, carapacesurface with partially removed scales; J. female, right femur IV, arrow showing constriction; K.female, right tarsus IV. Scale bars: A‒B, G‒H:0.2 mm, F, I‒J: 0.5 mm, C, K: 0.1 mm, D: 2 mm, E: not to scale. Image D (MAI962) by Matías A. Izquierdo and Image E(CJG1307) by Cristian J. Grismado, MACN, Argentina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221992/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
|
||
); proximal and distal long setae on patellae dorsally, long spine-like dense hairs around metatarsi III‒IV distally; all metatarsi distally with scopulae, scopulae on all tarsi entire (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF885516947C458FFD23F854" box="[591,685,1985,2010]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,588,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,585,1724]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE4. Coenoptychus pulcher (A‒C, F‒K), Graptartia granulosa (D)and C. tropicalis (E).A. male, eye pattern; B. male, vertical arrow showing white plumose setae lying adjacent to lateral carapace margins, horizontal arrow indicating gap in intercoxal sclerite; C. female, spinnerets, arrow showing inframamillary sclerite; D‒E. female habitus, dorsal view; F. female abdomen, posteriorview,arrow showing setaeabove anal tubercle;G.femalechelicerae with modified setae; H.same, enlarged view; I. male, carapacesurface with partially removed scales; J. female, right femur IV, arrow showing constriction; K.female, right tarsus IV. Scale bars: A‒B, G‒H:0.2 mm, F, I‒J: 0.5 mm, C, K: 0.1 mm, D: 2 mm, E: not to scale. Image D (MAI962) by Matías A. Izquierdo and Image E(CJG1307) by Cristian J. Grismado, MACN, Argentina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221992/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Fig. 4K</figureCitation>
|
||
), metatarsal and tarsal scopulae composed of longitudinal halves separated medially by irregular rows of spine-like setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF895517951642D9FC0CFF3E" box="[805,898,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,588,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,585,1724]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE4. Coenoptychus pulcher (A‒C, F‒K), Graptartia granulosa (D)and C. tropicalis (E).A. male, eye pattern; B. male, vertical arrow showing white plumose setae lying adjacent to lateral carapace margins, horizontal arrow indicating gap in intercoxal sclerite; C. female, spinnerets, arrow showing inframamillary sclerite; D‒E. female habitus, dorsal view; F. female abdomen, posteriorview,arrow showing setaeabove anal tubercle;G.femalechelicerae with modified setae; H.same, enlarged view; I. male, carapacesurface with partially removed scales; J. female, right femur IV, arrow showing constriction; K.female, right tarsus IV. Scale bars: A‒B, G‒H:0.2 mm, F, I‒J: 0.5 mm, C, K: 0.1 mm, D: 2 mm, E: not to scale. Image D (MAI962) by Matías A. Izquierdo and Image E(CJG1307) by Cristian J. Grismado, MACN, Argentina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221992/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Fig. 4K</figureCitation>
|
||
); all tarsi with paired claws, with claw tufts of short, barbed setae, without feathery setae; leg formula 4123.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF66665AFF89551796A44439FB68F944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221986/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" startId="3.[151,250,1655,1677]" targetBox="[187,1400,282,1617]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636D2FF89551796A44439FB68F944" blockId="3.[151,1436,1655,1738]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF89551796A44439FE9AF902" bold="true" box="[151,276,1655,1677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
General appearance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF89551794344439FD64F903" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1885" box="[519,746,1655,1677]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Coenoptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF89551794344439FD64F903" box="[519,746,1655,1677]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Coenoptychus pulcher</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A‒D) and Mutillid wasps (E‒F). A. female, dorsal view; B. male, dorsal view; C. female, dorso-lateral view, D. male, dorso-lateral view; E.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF89551795BA44DBFB82F925" authorityName="Lelej" authorityYear="2002" box="[905,1036,1685,1707]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Bischoffitilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF89551795BA44DBFB82F925" box="[905,1036,1685,1707]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Bischoffitilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. female, dorsal view; F.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF895517931144DBFE01F944" authority="(Fabricius, 1775)" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Trogaspidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF895517931144DBFF55F944" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Trogaspidia villosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius, 1775)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
female, dorsal view (Photo Credits: A‒D Karunnappilli S. Nafin, E‒F Jimmy Paul).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636D2FF89551796F444B8FCF1F869" blockId="3.[151,1436,1782,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
|
||
Palp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF895517973E44B8FE06F881" box="[269,392,1782,1807]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[174,1410,233,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,207,1905]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Coenoptychus pulcher. A‒B. female habitus, dorsal and ventral views; C‒D. male habitus, dorsal and ventral views; E‒F.male palp, ventral and retrolateral views; G‒H.epigyne, ventral and dorsal views.Scale bars: A‒D = 2.0 mm, E‒F = 0.5 mm, G‒H =0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221988/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Figs 2E‒F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF89551797AA44B9FE6CF881" box="[409,482,1783,1807]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1348,1370]" captionTargetBox="[194,1422,213,1295]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1435,196,1330]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Coenoptychus pulcher. A‒C. male left palp, prolateral, ventral and retrolateral view; D. embolus, ventral view; E‒F. epigyne, ventral and dorsal view. Scale bars: A‒D = 0.5 mm, E‒F = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: BpL‒baso-prolateral lobe; CD‒copulatory duct; CO‒copulatory opening; DL‒dumbbell lobe; E‒embolus; ER‒elevated ridge; FD‒fertilization duct; SD‒ sperm duct; ST‒subtegulum; S I‒spermathecae I; S II‒spermathecae II; T‒tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">3A‒D</figureCitation>
|
||
): segments pale orange to dark brown; patella with single prolateral spine; tibia prolaterally with single pair of spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF89551794754555FD11F8BD" box="[582,671,1819,1844]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1348,1370]" captionTargetBox="[194,1422,213,1295]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1435,196,1330]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Coenoptychus pulcher. A‒C. male left palp, prolateral, ventral and retrolateral view; D. embolus, ventral view; E‒F. epigyne, ventral and dorsal view. Scale bars: A‒D = 0.5 mm, E‒F = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: BpL‒baso-prolateral lobe; CD‒copulatory duct; CO‒copulatory opening; DL‒dumbbell lobe; E‒embolus; ER‒elevated ridge; FD‒fertilization duct; SD‒ sperm duct; ST‒subtegulum; S I‒spermathecae I; S II‒spermathecae II; T‒tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
), with glabrous ventral saddle with small elevated ridge prolaterally, cymbium with weak prolateral bend in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF89551794CA4570FCDDF8D9" box="[761,851,1854,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1348,1370]" captionTargetBox="[194,1422,213,1295]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1435,196,1330]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Coenoptychus pulcher. A‒C. male left palp, prolateral, ventral and retrolateral view; D. embolus, ventral view; E‒F. epigyne, ventral and dorsal view. Scale bars: A‒D = 0.5 mm, E‒F = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: BpL‒baso-prolateral lobe; CD‒copulatory duct; CO‒copulatory opening; DL‒dumbbell lobe; E‒embolus; ER‒elevated ridge; FD‒fertilization duct; SD‒ sperm duct; ST‒subtegulum; S I‒spermathecae I; S II‒spermathecae II; T‒tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
), with one apico-prolateral and two baso-prolateral spines, with dense mat of tiny thorn-like setae on pallid apical half of dorsum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF8955179221452DFBE4F8F5" box="[1042,1130,1891,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1348,1370]" captionTargetBox="[194,1422,213,1295]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1435,196,1330]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Coenoptychus pulcher. A‒C. male left palp, prolateral, ventral and retrolateral view; D. embolus, ventral view; E‒F. epigyne, ventral and dorsal view. Scale bars: A‒D = 0.5 mm, E‒F = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: BpL‒baso-prolateral lobe; CD‒copulatory duct; CO‒copulatory opening; DL‒dumbbell lobe; E‒embolus; ER‒elevated ridge; FD‒fertilization duct; SD‒ sperm duct; ST‒subtegulum; S I‒spermathecae I; S II‒spermathecae II; T‒tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
), apical end with indistinct claw-like setae. Bulb pear-shaped, with short, stump-like embolus base; subtegulum small, partly visible pro- and retrolaterally; embolus nearly extending to tip of cymbium, with 1.5 turns, distal 2/3 appears ‘ladle-like’ ventrally, with narrow, angular tip directed at 10 o’clock ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF895517952B4580FCFCF869" box="[792,882,1998,2023]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1348,1370]" captionTargetBox="[194,1422,213,1295]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1435,196,1330]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Coenoptychus pulcher. A‒C. male left palp, prolateral, ventral and retrolateral view; D. embolus, ventral view; E‒F. epigyne, ventral and dorsal view. Scale bars: A‒D = 0.5 mm, E‒F = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: BpL‒baso-prolateral lobe; CD‒copulatory duct; CO‒copulatory opening; DL‒dumbbell lobe; E‒embolus; ER‒elevated ridge; FD‒fertilization duct; SD‒ sperm duct; ST‒subtegulum; S I‒spermathecae I; S II‒spermathecae II; T‒tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF66665AFF8E551096A445C2FE2EF86E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221988/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" startId="4.[151,250,1932,1954]" targetBox="[174,1410,233,1889]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636D2FF8E551096A445C2FE2EF86E" blockId="4.[151,1435,1932,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8E551096A445C2FE98F82F" bold="true" box="[151,278,1932,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF8E5510972C45C2FD8AF82C" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1885" box="[287,516,1932,1954]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Coenoptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8E5510972C45C2FD8AF82C" box="[287,516,1932,1954]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Coenoptychus pulcher</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A‒B. female habitus, dorsal and ventral views; C‒D. male habitus, dorsal and ventral views; E‒F. male palp, ventral and retrolateral views; G‒H. epigyne, ventral and dorsal views. Scale bars: A‒D = 2.0 mm, E‒F = 0.5 mm, G‒H =0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF66665AFF8F551196A4470AFC69FA38" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221990/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" startId="5.[151,250,1348,1370]" targetBox="[194,1422,213,1295]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636D2FF8F551196A4470AFC69FA38" blockId="5.[151,1436,1348,1462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8F551196A4470AFE9BFAD7" bold="true" box="[151,277,1348,1370]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8F5511972E470AFD89FAD4" box="[285,519,1348,1370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF8F5511972E470AFD8DFAD4" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1885" box="[285,515,1348,1370]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Coenoptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">Coenoptychus pulcher</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A‒C. male left palp, prolateral, ventral and retrolateral view; D. embolus, ventral view; E‒F. epigyne, ventral and dorsal view. Scale bars: A‒D = 0.5 mm, E‒F = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: BpL‒baso-prolateral lobe; CD‒copulatory duct; CO‒copulatory opening; DL‒dumbbell lobe; E‒embolus; ER‒elevated ridge; FD‒fertilization duct; SD‒ sperm duct; ST‒subtegulum; S I‒spermathecae I; S II‒spermathecae II; T‒tegulum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636D2FF8F551196F44793FD22F898" blockId="5.[151,1437,1501,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8F551196F44793FD28FA78" bold="true" box="[199,678,1501,1526]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Female (ADSH19131A). Measurements:</emphasis>
|
||
Body length 5.88. Carapace 3.04 long, 1.79 wide. Abdomen length 2.84, width 2.55. Eye sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.10, AME 0.11, PLE 0.10, PME 0.09, ALE‒PLE 0.40, AME‒ ALE 0.07, AME‒AME 0.12, AME‒PME 0.18, PLE‒PLE 0.80, PME‒PLE 0.20, PME‒PME 0.23. Clypeus height at AME 0.33, at ALE 0.22. Chelicerae length 0.76. Measurements of palp and legs (right): palp 2.33 [0.66, 0.33, 0.48, 0.86], I 4.47 [1.30, 0.51, 0.98, 0.93, 0.75], II 4.42 [1.30, 0.58, 0.93, 0.89, 0.72], III 4.24 [1.25, 0.59, 0.85, 0.91, 0.64], IV 5.98 [1.64, 0.72, 1.26, 1.60, 0.76]. Spination: palp: femur do 3, patella pl 1 do 3, tibia do 1 pl 2, tarsus pl 2 rl 1 vt 2; legs: femora I‒II pl 1 do 3, III pl 1 do 3 rl 1, IV pl 2 do 3 rl 1; patellae I‒IV do 2; tibiae I plv 2 rlv 2, II vt 2, III pl 1 plv 1, IV pl 1 plv 2 rl 2 rlv 1 vt 1; metatarsi I plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 1 rlv 2, III pl 2 plv 1 rl 2 rlv 1 vt 1, IV pl 3 plv 1 rl 4 vt 3; tarsi I‒IV spineless.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636D2FF8F551296F4456CFD92FE93" blockId="5.[151,1437,1501,2030]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
|
||
In all details like male except the following: carapace reddish-orange. Fangs baso-promarginally with modified long black setae (4G‒H). Sternum orange. Abdomen oval, anterior half with short gold feathery setae, denser than male, forming distinct pattern, sigilla more distinct than male; dorsal scutum larger than male; lateral white spots extending ventrally, posterior white spot slightly extending downward; venter covered with short black feathery setae, short white feathery setae forming white median broad band and lateral paired triangular-shaped thin white bands, two pairs of white spots lateral to spinnerets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF8F551194DB459BFCCFF860" box="[744,833,2005,2030]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[174,1410,233,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,207,1905]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Coenoptychus pulcher. A‒B. female habitus, dorsal and ventral views; C‒D. male habitus, dorsal and ventral views; E‒F.male palp, ventral and retrolateral views; G‒H.epigyne, ventral and dorsal views.Scale bars: A‒D = 2.0 mm, E‒F = 0.5 mm, G‒H =0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221988/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), single white spot just dorsal of spinnerets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF8F5511930B459BFA01F860" box="[1336,1423,2005,2030]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,588,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,585,1724]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE4. Coenoptychus pulcher (A‒C, F‒K), Graptartia granulosa (D)and C. tropicalis (E).A. male, eye pattern; B. male, vertical arrow showing white plumose setae lying adjacent to lateral carapace margins, horizontal arrow indicating gap in intercoxal sclerite; C. female, spinnerets, arrow showing inframamillary sclerite; D‒E. female habitus, dorsal view; F. female abdomen, posteriorview,arrow showing setaeabove anal tubercle;G.femalechelicerae with modified setae; H.same, enlarged view; I. male, carapacesurface with partially removed scales; J. female, right femur IV, arrow showing constriction; K.female, right tarsus IV. Scale bars: A‒B, G‒H:0.2 mm, F, I‒J: 0.5 mm, C, K: 0.1 mm, D: 2 mm, E: not to scale. Image D (MAI962) by Matías A. Izquierdo and Image E(CJG1307) by Cristian J. Grismado, MACN, Argentina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221992/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
); ventral sclerite absent, inframamillary sclerite small (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF8C551294DA42D9FCCCFF3E" box="[745,834,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,588,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,585,1724]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE4. Coenoptychus pulcher (A‒C, F‒K), Graptartia granulosa (D)and C. tropicalis (E).A. male, eye pattern; B. male, vertical arrow showing white plumose setae lying adjacent to lateral carapace margins, horizontal arrow indicating gap in intercoxal sclerite; C. female, spinnerets, arrow showing inframamillary sclerite; D‒E. female habitus, dorsal view; F. female abdomen, posteriorview,arrow showing setaeabove anal tubercle;G.femalechelicerae with modified setae; H.same, enlarged view; I. male, carapacesurface with partially removed scales; J. female, right femur IV, arrow showing constriction; K.female, right tarsus IV. Scale bars: A‒B, G‒H:0.2 mm, F, I‒J: 0.5 mm, C, K: 0.1 mm, D: 2 mm, E: not to scale. Image D (MAI962) by Matías A. Izquierdo and Image E(CJG1307) by Cristian J. Grismado, MACN, Argentina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221992/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spinnerets larger than male; PMS and PLS provided with three and two large cylindrical gland spigots, respectively, ALS largest, without enlarged spigots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF8C5512930642F2FA1EFF5A" box="[1333,1424,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,588,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,585,1724]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE4. Coenoptychus pulcher (A‒C, F‒K), Graptartia granulosa (D)and C. tropicalis (E).A. male, eye pattern; B. male, vertical arrow showing white plumose setae lying adjacent to lateral carapace margins, horizontal arrow indicating gap in intercoxal sclerite; C. female, spinnerets, arrow showing inframamillary sclerite; D‒E. female habitus, dorsal view; F. female abdomen, posteriorview,arrow showing setaeabove anal tubercle;G.femalechelicerae with modified setae; H.same, enlarged view; I. male, carapacesurface with partially removed scales; J. female, right femur IV, arrow showing constriction; K.female, right tarsus IV. Scale bars: A‒B, G‒H:0.2 mm, F, I‒J: 0.5 mm, C, K: 0.1 mm, D: 2 mm, E: not to scale. Image D (MAI962) by Matías A. Izquierdo and Image E(CJG1307) by Cristian J. Grismado, MACN, Argentina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221992/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scopulae on metatarsi I‒II and all tarsi complete, metatarsi III‒IV bearing scopulae distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF8C551292954291FB74FF76" box="[1190,1274,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,588,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,585,1724]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE4. Coenoptychus pulcher (A‒C, F‒K), Graptartia granulosa (D)and C. tropicalis (E).A. male, eye pattern; B. male, vertical arrow showing white plumose setae lying adjacent to lateral carapace margins, horizontal arrow indicating gap in intercoxal sclerite; C. female, spinnerets, arrow showing inframamillary sclerite; D‒E. female habitus, dorsal view; F. female abdomen, posteriorview,arrow showing setaeabove anal tubercle;G.femalechelicerae with modified setae; H.same, enlarged view; I. male, carapacesurface with partially removed scales; J. female, right femur IV, arrow showing constriction; K.female, right tarsus IV. Scale bars: A‒B, G‒H:0.2 mm, F, I‒J: 0.5 mm, C, K: 0.1 mm, D: 2 mm, E: not to scale. Image D (MAI962) by Matías A. Izquierdo and Image E(CJG1307) by Cristian J. Grismado, MACN, Argentina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221992/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Fig 4K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Palpal tarsus distally with pair of ventral spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636D2FF8C551296F44369FE34FE5E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
Epigyne (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF8C5512970B4369FE33FECE" box="[312,445,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[174,1410,233,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,207,1905]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Coenoptychus pulcher. A‒B. female habitus, dorsal and ventral views; C‒D. male habitus, dorsal and ventral views; E‒F.male palp, ventral and retrolateral views; G‒H.epigyne, ventral and dorsal views.Scale bars: A‒D = 2.0 mm, E‒F = 0.5 mm, G‒H =0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221988/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Figs 2G‒H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF8C551297FD4366FD81FECE" box="[462,527,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1348,1370]" captionTargetBox="[194,1422,213,1295]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1435,196,1330]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Coenoptychus pulcher. A‒C. male left palp, prolateral, ventral and retrolateral view; D. embolus, ventral view; E‒F. epigyne, ventral and dorsal view. Scale bars: A‒D = 0.5 mm, E‒F = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: BpL‒baso-prolateral lobe; CD‒copulatory duct; CO‒copulatory opening; DL‒dumbbell lobe; E‒embolus; ER‒elevated ridge; FD‒fertilization duct; SD‒ sperm duct; ST‒subtegulum; S I‒spermathecae I; S II‒spermathecae II; T‒tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221990/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">3E‒F</figureCitation>
|
||
): domed plate-like, reddish brown. Copulatory openings small, circular, with inverted comma-shaped ridges, lying postero-laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF8C5512952E4302FCF7FEEA" box="[797,889,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1348,1370]" captionTargetBox="[194,1422,213,1295]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1435,196,1330]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Coenoptychus pulcher. A‒C. male left palp, prolateral, ventral and retrolateral view; D. embolus, ventral view; E‒F. epigyne, ventral and dorsal view. Scale bars: A‒D = 0.5 mm, E‒F = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: BpL‒baso-prolateral lobe; CD‒copulatory duct; CO‒copulatory opening; DL‒dumbbell lobe; E‒embolus; ER‒elevated ridge; FD‒fertilization duct; SD‒ sperm duct; ST‒subtegulum; S I‒spermathecae I; S II‒spermathecae II; T‒tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221990/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vulvae large, spermathecae I kidney-shaped, spermathecae II round, with short baso-prolateral lobe, both spermathecae bridged together by vertical dumbbellshaped lobe. Copulatory ducts short, less sclerotized, moderately wide, without convolutions, opening basally to spermathecae II (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF8C5512976B43F9FE23FE5E" box="[344,429,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1348,1370]" captionTargetBox="[194,1422,213,1295]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1435,196,1330]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Coenoptychus pulcher. A‒C. male left palp, prolateral, ventral and retrolateral view; D. embolus, ventral view; E‒F. epigyne, ventral and dorsal view. Scale bars: A‒D = 0.5 mm, E‒F = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: BpL‒baso-prolateral lobe; CD‒copulatory duct; CO‒copulatory opening; DL‒dumbbell lobe; E‒embolus; ER‒elevated ridge; FD‒fertilization duct; SD‒ sperm duct; ST‒subtegulum; S I‒spermathecae I; S II‒spermathecae II; T‒tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221990/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636D2FF8C551296F44392FCA8FE7A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,501]" box="[199,806,476,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8C551296F44392FEB2FE7B" bold="true" box="[199,316,476,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Body length: Female
|
||
<quantity id="4CE19B37FF8C551294044392FD54FE7A" box="[567,730,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.97" metricValueMax="6.06" metricValueMin="5.88" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="5.97" valueMax="6.06" valueMin="5.88">5.88‒6.06 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF66665AFF8C551296A444AAFBA9F83C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221992/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" startId="6.[151,250,1764,1786]" targetBox="[157,1428,588,1720]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636D2FF8C551296A444AAFBA9F83C" blockId="6.[151,1436,1764,1970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8C551296A444AAFE9CF977" bold="true" box="[151,274,1764,1786]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF8C5512972A44AAFE75F974" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1885" box="[281,507,1764,1786]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Coenoptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8C5512972A44AAFE75F974" box="[281,507,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Coenoptychus pulcher</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A‒C, F‒K),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF8C551294BB44AAFCEDF974" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1896" box="[648,867,1764,1786]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Graptartia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8C551294BB44AAFCEDF974" box="[648,867,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Graptartia granulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(D) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF8C5512958E44AAFBB5F974" authorityName="Paul & Sankaran & Sebastian & Joseph" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Haddad" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[957,1083,1764,1786]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Coenoptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8C5512958E44AAFBB5F974" box="[957,1083,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">C. tropicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(E). A. male, eye pattern; B. male, vertical arrow showing white plumose setae lying adjacent to lateral carapace margins, horizontal arrow indicating gap in intercoxal sclerite; C. female, spinnerets, arrow showing inframamillary sclerite; D‒E. female habitus, dorsal view; F. female abdomen, posterior view, arrow showing setae above anal tubercle; G. female chelicerae with modified setae; H. same, enlarged view; I. male, carapace surface with partially removed scales; J. female, right femur IV, arrow showing constriction; K. female, right tarsus IV. Scale bars: A‒B, G‒H: 0.2 mm, F, I‒J: 0.5 mm, C, K: 0.1 mm, D: 2 mm, E: not to scale. Image D (MAI962) by Matías A. Izquierdo and Image E (CJG1307) by Cristian J. Grismado, MACN, Argentina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3036559FF8D551396F442D9FC43FD85" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636D2FF8D551396F442D9FBE4FF78" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,592]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8D551396F442D9FD03FF3E" bold="true" box="[199,653,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">
|
||
Material examined.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30E7642FF8D551397FF42D9FDAEFF3E" box="[460,544,151,176]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DDF830FF8D5513940442D9FD0BFF3E" box="[567,645,151,176]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8D5513940442D9FD0BFF3E" bold="true" box="[567,645,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Kerala</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Palakkad, Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, Vengoli,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2D5015FF8D5513933142D9FA16FF3E" box="[1282,1432,151,176]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" precision="1" value="-10.423">10°25'22.8''S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2D5015FF8D551396A442F4FE97FF5D" box="[151,281,186,211]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" precision="15" value="76.810005">76°48'36''E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE19B37FF8D5513971642F4FEF0FF5C" box="[293,382,186,211]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.057" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="1057.0">1057 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFA71012FF8D551397B842F5FD8EFF5D" box="[395,512,187,211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" value="2016-05-27">27.V.2016</date>
|
||
, leg. J. Paul, from ground, by hand, 1 penultimate
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1FFD5BFF8D5513927642F5FBD2FF5C" box="[1093,1116,187,210]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1FFD5BFF8D5513925A42F5FB02FF5D" box="[1129,1164,187,211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED08AE17FF8D551392AF42F5FB60FF5D" box="[1180,1262,187,211]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7csr-pk9c" name="Arachnology Division, Sacred Heart College" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">ADSH</collectionCode>
|
||
19131A); Same locality,
|
||
<date id="FFA71012FF8D551396C44293FE02FF78" box="[247,396,221,246]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" value="2016-08-13">13.VIII.2016</date>
|
||
, leg. K.S. Nafin, from ground, by hand,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1FFD5BFF8D551395634290FCFAFF78" box="[848,884,222,246]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1FFD5BFF8D551395B24290FC2AFF78" box="[897,932,222,246]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED08AE17FF8D551395804290FB8BFF78" box="[947,1029,222,246]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7csr-pk9c" name="Arachnology Division, Sacred Heart College" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">ADSH</collectionCode>
|
||
19131B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636D2FF8D551396F442B1FC43FD85" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,592]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8D551396F442B1FE0DFE96" bold="true" box="[199,387,255,280]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Natural History</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF8D551397A242B1FD05FE96" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1885" box="[401,651,255,280]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Coenoptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8D551397A242B1FD05FE96" box="[401,651,255,280]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Coenoptychus pulcher</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a diurnally active, fast-running ground spider. The species has been collected from both coastal regions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B23FF8D5513940B436CFD45FEB5" box="[568,715,290,315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" refId="ref5004" refString="Simon, E. (1885) Materiaux pour servir a la faune arachnologiques de l'Asie meridionale. I. Arachnides recueillis a Wagra- Karoor pres Gundacul, district de Bellary par M. M. Chaper. II. Arachnides recueillis a Ramnad, district de Madura par M. l'abbe Fabre. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 1 - 39." type="journal article">Simon, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and montane grasslands (present data).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF8D551392AC436CFA15FEB5" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1885" box="[1183,1435,290,315]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Coenoptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8D551392AC436CFA15FEB5" box="[1183,1435,290,315]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Coenoptychus pulcher</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are accurate Batesian mimics of the velvet ants (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF8D551394DA4308FC06FED0" authorityName="" authorityYear="1758" box="[745,904,326,350]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF8D551395AA430BFB9DFED0" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[921,1043,325,350]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mutillidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B23FF8D551392184308FB46FED0" box="[1067,1224,326,350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" refId="ref4723" refString="Green, E. (1912) On a remarkable mimetic spider. Spolia Zeylan, 8, 92 - 93." type="journal article">Green (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed a close resemblance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF8D5513977B4326FE33FE0E" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1885" box="[328,445,359,384]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Coenoptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8D5513977B4326FE33FE0E" box="[328,445,359,384]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C. pulcher</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to members of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF8D551394D44329FC63FE0E" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[743,1005,359,384]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Mutilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8D551394D44329FCB4FE0E" box="[743,826,359,384]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Mutilla</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus, 1758
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D51FF8D551392104329FAE8FE0E" authority="Ashmead, 1903" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1903" box="[1059,1382,359,384]" class="Insecta" genus="Spilomutilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8D551392104329FB22FE0E" box="[1059,1196,359,384]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Spilomutilla</emphasis>
|
||
Ashmead, 1903
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The spiders also had resemblance to other mutillid genera such as
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8D5513956B43C4FC55FE2D" box="[856,987,394,419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Biscoffitilla</emphasis>
|
||
Lelej, 2002 and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8D551392AF43C4FAACFE2D" box="[1180,1314,394,419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Trogospidia</emphasis>
|
||
Ashmead, 1899, which were found in the region (Paul, pers. obs.) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF8D5513950643E3FC23FE48" box="[821,941,429,454]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,282,1617]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[168,1419,265,1633]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. General appearance of Coenoptychus pulcher (A‒D) and Mutillid wasps (E‒F). A. female, dorsal view; B. male, dorsal view; C. female, dorso-lateral view, D. male, dorso-lateral view; E. Bischoffitilla sp.female, dorsal view; F.Trogaspidia villosa (Fabricius, 1775) female, dorsal view (Photo Credits: A‒D Karunnappilli S. Nafin, E‒F Jimmy Paul)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221986/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Fig. 1E‒F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The behaviour of the spider, such as leg movements, speed, intermittent resting and bobbing of the abdomen, accurately mimics the wingless female mutillid wasps, which makes them difficult to distinguish in their habitat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3036559FF8D551396F4405BFCAAFDDE" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636D2FF8D551396F4405BFCAAFDDE" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,592]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAC0FF8D551396F4405BFEEEFDA0" bold="true" box="[199,352,533,558]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30E7642FF8D55139743405BFE20FDA0" box="[368,430,533,558]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DDF830FF8D551397F2405BFD9EFDA0" box="[449,528,533,558]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Palakkad (present record),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DDF830FF8D5513955F405BFC70FDA0" box="[876,1022,533,558]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Ramanad (Ramanathapuram) and Madras;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30E7642FF8D551396C94079FEE5FDDE" box="[250,363,567,592]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Anuradhapura and Taprobane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A57FF8D551394E14079FC98FDDE" box="[722,790,567,592]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1290,1312]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,636,1279]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,636,1279]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution records of Coenoptychus pulcher (circles), C. mutillicus (squares) and C. tropicalis (triangles): type localities (black), new records (red), other published records (white)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221994/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |