262 lines
33 KiB
XML
262 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="22D1E73D8B87AEEACE20DDD67FA8B84C" ID-CLB-Dataset="27764" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b3fb460f-20b4-4c62-98ea-a07d901bbfc0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2614967" ID-ZooBank="4E9D0908-0933-48AF-A6ED-F3B8D39E8994" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553787614041" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D." docDate="2018" docId="03B0147FFFE2FFC976CC6A864222FCCD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4532.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4532 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Calyptrophora clarki Bayer 1951" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FF896C07FFEEFFC4765B6A1F4732FF92" masterDocTitle="Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the Okeanos Explorer expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1698714965598" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9EB5F4A3B065F415D8822A9D01D33AEC">
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<mods:title id="FCE78B704F07576B925FC7CA94D22107">Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the Okeanos Explorer expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F53EC4CE99C5D059D758E2E476F1B7AF" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FBAEFDEFA359B93F6B2D15BA9F45AE06">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="95AD6D766174B87152D49E260538C89A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="70705500054A7B95897219CE15B6A183">
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<mods:date id="CE64DA8DD722A20548BC3576AFA86DC8">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BDF28C4102AB6183B9F7613C9E923872">2018-12-17</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="10EBC0F2F375B82EA40589041D9E1E88" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="75F8F70DAB1C569BB9AC726005F9EC38">4532</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A10504E518D77F9A6F16AC3BD939FBB7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B0147FFFE2FFC976CC6A864222FCCD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5951507" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154521097" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5951507" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0147FFFE2FFC976CC6A864222FCCD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B0147FFFE2FFC976CC6A864222FCCD" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE2FFC876CC6A86451CFF21" box="[151,558,153,180]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE2FFC876CC6A86451CFF21" blockId="12.[151,558,153,215]" box="[151,558,153,180]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<heading id="D0EE1205FFE2FFC876CC6A86451CFF21" bold="true" box="[151,558,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE2FFC876CC6A86451CFF21" ID-CoL="5X8XF" authority="Bayer, 1951" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,558,153,180]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clarki">
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||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC876CC6A86451CFF21" bold="true" box="[151,558,153,180]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC876CC6A8646A7FF26" bold="true" box="[151,405,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Calyptrophora clarki</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFE2FFC877C76A85451CFF21" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[412,558,153,180]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="40 - 43" refId="ref26718" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1951) Two new primnoid corals of the subfamily Calyptrophorinae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 41 (1), 40 - 43." type="journal article" year="1951">Bayer, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE2FFC876CC6AA24675FF45" box="[151,327,189,215]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE2FFC876CC6AA24675FF45" blockId="12.[151,558,153,215]" box="[151,327,189,215]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE2FFC876CC6AA247C4FF45" box="[151,246,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1774,1799]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. In situ images of various species: A, Callogorgia cracentis, holotype. B, Calyptrophora lyra, holotype (not in situ). C, C. diaphana, EX1606-9-1. D, C. carinata, holotype. E, C. clarki, EX1605-L3-6. F, C. pourtalesi, holotype. G, C. distolos, holotype. H, Candidella gigantea, EX1606-6. I, Macroprimnoa ornata, holotype. J, Narella virgosa, holotype. K-L, N. aurantiaca, holotype. M, N. merga, holotype. N, N. horrida, EX1703-2-3. O, N. fordi, holotype. P, N. calamus, holotype. Q, N. virgosa, paratype, EX1504-L4-9-4. R, N. macrocalyx, EX1606-7. S, N. hawaiiensis, EX1504-9-2. T, Paracalyotrophora hawaiiensis, EX1703-2-1. U, P. echinata, EX1703-10-1. V, P. spiralis, holotype. W, Plumarella circumoperculum, EX1603-2-3. X, Thouarella hilgendorfi, EX1605-L1-17." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614969/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 1E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE2FFC877586AA24622FF45" box="[259,272,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1836,1861]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,751,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[174,1414,751,1780]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Calyptrophora clarki, USNM 1424146: A, stereo view of two polyp whorls, one showing polyps oriented in conflicting directions. B, stereo view of inner face of a basal scale. C, outer surface of a basal scale. D, articular ridge of a basal scale. E, lateral and outer views of a buccal scale. F, infrabasal scales in situ. G, opercular scales. H, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614977/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">6</figureCitation>
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A–H
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE2FFC876CC6B1D4390FE37" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE2FFC876CC6B1D4456FEAA" blockId="12.[151,1360,257,313]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB098247FFE2FFC876CC6B1D4456FEAA" infered="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE2FFC876CC6B1D452AFE88" ID-CoL="5X8XF" authority="Bayer, 1951: 40" authorityName="Bayer" authorityPageNumber="40" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,536,257,282]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clarki">
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<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC876CC6B1D465CFE88" box="[151,366,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Calyptrophora clarki</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB88378FFE2FFC8772E6B1D452AFE88" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[373,536,257,282]" page="40" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1951">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFE2FFC8772E6B1D46C1FE88" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[373,499,257,282]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="40 - 43" refId="ref26718" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1951) Two new primnoid corals of the subfamily Calyptrophorinae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 41 (1), 40 - 43." type="journal article" year="1951">Bayer, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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: 40
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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–41, figs. 1A–F.—Cairns, 2009: 432–435, figs. 1G, 13–14 (complete synonymy).
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<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE2FFC876CC6B3F456BFEAB" ID-CoL="5X8XD" authority=": Nutting, 1908: 578" authorityName=": Nutting" authorityPageNumber="578" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,601,288,313]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonica">
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<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC876CC6B3F46BEFEAA" box="[151,396,288,312]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Calyptrophora japonica</emphasis>
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||
:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB88378FFE2FFC877C26B3F456BFEAB" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[409,601,288,313]" page="578" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1908">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFE2FFC877C26B3F451BFEAA" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[409,553,288,313]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="543 - 601" refId="ref28687" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1908) Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer Albatross in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands in 1902. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 34, 543 - 601." type="journal article" year="1908">Nutting, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 578
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(in part:
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<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC874EC6B3F45E8FEAA" box="[695,730,288,312]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Alb</emphasis>
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||
-4007, 4108).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE2FFC876CC6B784390FE37" blockId="12.[151,1437,358,566]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC876CC6B78468FFE13" bold="true" box="[151,445,358,385]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Types and Type Locality</emphasis>
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||
. The
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<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE2FFC877A46B784553FE13" box="[511,609,359,385]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
(USNM 25370) and
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||
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE2FFC875096B784480FE13" box="[850,946,359,385]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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are deposited at the NMNH (Cairns 2009). Type Locality: 21˚50’20”N, 159˚31’40”W (south of Kauai, Hawaiian Islands),
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<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE2FFC872556B9443ACFE37" box="[1038,1182,395,421]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.735" metricValueMax="10.18" metricValueMin="9.29" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="973.5" valueMax="1018.0" valueMin="929.0">929–1018 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE2FFC8769C6BB1436AFDA7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE2FFC8769C6BB1436AFDA7" blockId="12.[151,1437,358,566]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC8769C6BB1469FFE5B" bold="true" box="[199,429,430,457]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Material Examined</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC877E26BAF46E9FE5B" box="[441,475,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">EX</emphasis>
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1605-L
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<materialsCitation id="3B71AF34FFE2FFC8746A6BB1479DFE7F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117759025" collectingDate="2005-06-03" country="Northern Mariana Islands" elevation="286" location="Supply Reef" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFE37A41FFE2FFC8746A6BB1454AFE5B" box="[561,632,430,457]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2005-06-03">
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||
<date id="FFA783A9FFE2FFC8746A6BB1454AFE5B" box="[561,632,430,457]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2005-06-03">3-6-05</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
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and 0 2, 20.15˚N, 145.11˚E (
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||
<location id="8EC6F3B2FFE2FFC875F76BB04308FE5B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0147FFFE2FFC976CC6A864222FCCD:8EC6F3B2FFE2FFC875F76BB04308FE5B" box="[940,1082,431,457]" country="Northern Mariana Islands" name="Supply Reef" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Supply Reef</location>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFE2FFC872196BB04253FE58" box="[1090,1377,431,458]" name="Northern Mariana Islands" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Northern Mariana Islands</collectingCountry>
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||
),
|
||
<elevation id="0034425AFFE2FFC873296BB0479DFE7F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.86" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="286.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE2FFC873296BB0479DFE7F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.86" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="286.0">286 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, 1 colony and SEM stubs
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B71AF34FFE2FFC877916BCC469DFD83" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117759027" collectingDate="2400" collectingDateMax="2401" collectingDateMin="2400" collectionCode="USNM" country="Kiribati" elevation="562" location="Rawaki Island" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="USNM 1424146" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE37A41FFE2FFC877916BCC4574FE7F" box="[458,582,467,493]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2400" valueMax="2401">
|
||
<date id="FFA783A9FFE2FFC877916BCC4574FE7F" box="[458,582,467,493]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2400" valueMax="2401">2400-2401</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBF0D12FFE2FFC8740B6BCC443EFE7F" box="[592,780,467,493]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Museum">USNM 1424146</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC8754E6BCB440BFE7F" box="[789,825,468,493]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FK</emphasis>
|
||
17-093, 3˚44.012’S, 170˚43.109’W (off
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||
<location id="8EC6F3B2FFE2FFC872AD6BCC42AAFE7F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0147FFFE2FFC976CC6A864222FCCD:8EC6F3B2FFE2FFC872AD6BCC42AAFE7F" box="[1270,1432,467,493]" country="Kiribati" name="Rawaki Island" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rawaki Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFE2FFC876CC6BE8467CFD80" box="[151,334,503,530]" name="Kiribati" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Phoenix islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<elevation id="0034425AFFE2FFC8773F6BE9469DFD83" box="[356,431,502,529]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.62" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="562.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE2FFC8773F6BE9469DFD83" box="[356,431,502,529]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.62" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="562.0">562 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71AF34FFE2FFC877E66BE84574FDA7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117759047" collectingDate="2017-10-17" country="Kiribati" elevation="928" location="Temple University" municipality="Orona Atoll" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE37A41FFE2FFC877E66BE845B3FD83" box="[445,641,503,529]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2017-10-17">
|
||
<date id="FFA783A9FFE2FFC877E66BE845B3FD83" box="[445,641,503,529]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2017-10-17">17 October 2017</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, 1 colony,
|
||
<location id="8EC6F3B2FFE2FFC8755B6BE844E5FD83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0147FFFE2FFC976CC6A864222FCCD:8EC6F3B2FFE2FFC8755B6BE844E5FD83" box="[768,983,503,529]" country="Kiribati" municipality="Orona Atoll" name="Temple University" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Temple University</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC875BF6BE7433AFD83" box="[996,1032,504,529]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FK</emphasis>
|
||
17-167, 4˚30.846’S, 172^15.967’W (
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC23F13FFE2FFC876C46804461AFDA7" box="[159,296,539,565]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Orona Atoll</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFE2FFC8776F680446DBFDA4" box="[308,489,539,566]" name="Kiribati" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Phoenix Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<elevation id="0034425AFFE2FFC877A668044574FDA7" box="[509,582,539,565]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.28" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="928.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE2FFC877A668044574FDA7" box="[509,582,539,565]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.28" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="928.0">928 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B71AF34FFE2FFC8740968044366FDA7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117759023" box="[594,1108,539,565]" collectingDate="2017-10-19" country="Kiribati" location="Temple University" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE37A41FFE2FFC8740968044427FDA7" box="[594,789,539,565]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2017-10-19">
|
||
<date id="FFA783A9FFE2FFC8740968044427FDA7" box="[594,789,539,565]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2017-10-19">19 October 2017</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,1 colony,
|
||
<location id="8EC6F3B2FFE2FFC875D968044366FDA7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0147FFFE2FFC976CC6A864222FCCD:8EC6F3B2FFE2FFC875D968044366FDA7" box="[898,1108,539,565]" country="Kiribati" name="Temple University" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Temple University</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF66F5E1FFE2FFC876CC6D33467CF822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614977/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[151,250,1836,1861]" targetBox="[174,1414,751,1780]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE2FFC876CC6D33467CF822" blockId="12.[151,1437,1836,1969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC876CC6D334621F8D7" bold="true" box="[151,275,1836,1861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE2FFC877416D3346C3F8D6" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="1951" box="[282,497,1836,1860]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clarki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC877416D3346C3F8D6" box="[282,497,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Calyptrophora clarki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNM 1424146:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC874EF6D3345F4F8D7" bold="true" box="[692,710,1836,1861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
, stereo view of two polyp whorls, one showing polyps oriented in conflicting directions.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC877016D4F4659F8FA" bold="true" box="[346,363,1872,1896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
, stereo view of inner face of a basal scale.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC875716D4F440EF8FB" bold="true" box="[810,828,1872,1897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
|
||
, outer surface of a basal scale.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC872DA6D4F43A1F8FA" bold="true" box="[1153,1171,1872,1896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
|
||
, articular ridge of a basal scale.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC876836D6B47DBF81E" bold="true" box="[216,233,1908,1932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral and outer views of a buccal scale.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC874F26D6B458AF81E" bold="true" box="[681,696,1908,1932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">F</emphasis>
|
||
, infrabasal scales
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC875236D6A448BF81E" box="[888,953,1909,1932]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC8759C6D6B44E9F81F" bold="true" box="[967,987,1908,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
|
||
, opercular scales.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE2FFC872C76D6B4382F81E" bold="true" box="[1180,1200,1908,1932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H</emphasis>
|
||
, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE3FFC9769C6A864212FCA9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE3FFC9769C6A8647E0FE3D" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,863]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE3FFC9769C6A864521FF21" bold="true" box="[199,531,152,179]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks and Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
. This species was adequately described and figured by Cairns (2009) and thus will not be fully redescribed or figured herein. The specimen figured herein is a small colony only
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE3FFC972B76AA24200FF45" box="[1260,1330,189,215]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
in height when alive (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE3FFC977456AFE4643FF69" box="[286,369,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1774,1799]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. In situ images of various species: A, Callogorgia cracentis, holotype. B, Calyptrophora lyra, holotype (not in situ). C, C. diaphana, EX1606-9-1. D, C. carinata, holotype. E, C. clarki, EX1605-L3-6. F, C. pourtalesi, holotype. G, C. distolos, holotype. H, Candidella gigantea, EX1606-6. I, Macroprimnoa ornata, holotype. J, Narella virgosa, holotype. K-L, N. aurantiaca, holotype. M, N. merga, holotype. N, N. horrida, EX1703-2-3. O, N. fordi, holotype. P, N. calamus, holotype. Q, N. virgosa, paratype, EX1504-L4-9-4. R, N. macrocalyx, EX1606-7. S, N. hawaiiensis, EX1504-9-2. T, Paracalyotrophora hawaiiensis, EX1703-2-1. U, P. echinata, EX1703-10-1. V, P. spiralis, holotype. W, Plumarella circumoperculum, EX1603-2-3. X, Thouarella hilgendorfi, EX1605-L1-17." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614969/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
) and ambiguously between lyrate and equal-dichotomous in branching, having only seven distal branches. It may be the juvenile lyrate shape. It allows the observation that the polyps in the whorls on the main stem are directed downward, but those on the branches are directed upward, and those near the first point of bifurcation are mixed even within the same whorl (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE3FFC974176B524597FEFA" box="[588,677,333,360]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1836,1861]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,751,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[174,1414,751,1780]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Calyptrophora clarki, USNM 1424146: A, stereo view of two polyp whorls, one showing polyps oriented in conflicting directions. B, stereo view of inner face of a basal scale. C, outer surface of a basal scale. D, articular ridge of a basal scale. E, lateral and outer views of a buccal scale. F, infrabasal scales in situ. G, opercular scales. H, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614977/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thus, this specimen does not fit conveniently into either of the two species complexes of this genus. Also, its coenenchymal scales are quite long (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE3FFC9721D6B6E4392FE19" box="[1094,1184,369,395]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
), thick, and have blunt ends.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE3FFC9769C6BA64573FDF1" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,863]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Within the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE3FFC977C26BA646CFFE41" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="1951" box="[409,509,441,467]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clarki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE3FFC977C26BA646CFFE41" box="[409,509,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. clarki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinctive in having extremely long basal spines (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE3FFC972FE6BA643CFFE41" box="[1189,1277,441,467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and constituting ¾ of the height of the basal scales,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE3FFC974F86BC245DFFE6A" box="[675,749,477,504]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1836,1861]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,751,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[174,1414,751,1780]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Calyptrophora clarki, USNM 1424146: A, stereo view of two polyp whorls, one showing polyps oriented in conflicting directions. B, stereo view of inner face of a basal scale. C, outer surface of a basal scale. D, articular ridge of a basal scale. E, lateral and outer views of a buccal scale. F, infrabasal scales in situ. G, opercular scales. H, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614977/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D) and in having four to six prominent buccal spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE3FFC9733F6BC247EEFD89" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1836,1861]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,751,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[174,1414,751,1780]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Calyptrophora clarki, USNM 1424146: A, stereo view of two polyp whorls, one showing polyps oriented in conflicting directions. B, stereo view of inner face of a basal scale. C, outer surface of a basal scale. D, articular ridge of a basal scale. E, lateral and outer views of a buccal scale. F, infrabasal scales in situ. G, opercular scales. H, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614977/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 6A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is quite similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE3FFC97796681E45F4FD89" authority="Bayer, 2001" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="2001" box="[461,710,513,539]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE3FFC97796681E4504FD89" box="[461,566,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. antilla</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFE3FFC97467681E45F4FD89" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[572,710,513,539]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="367 - 380" refId="ref26986" refString="Bayer, F. M. (2001) New species of Calyptrophora (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Primnoidae) from the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 114 (2), 367 - 380." type="journal article" year="2001">Bayer, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the basic difference being that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE3FFC9727F681E43BFFD89" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="2001" box="[1060,1165,513,539]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE3FFC9727F681E43BFFD89" box="[1060,1165,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. antilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has lyrate branching,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE3FFC973D8681E47EAFDAD" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="1951" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clarki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE3FFC973D8681E47EAFDAD" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. clarki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, equal-dichotomous branching. If that distinction is subsequently found to be trivial, then those records will have to be added to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE3FFC9778368564508FDF1" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="1951" box="[472,570,585,611]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clarki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE3FFC9778368564508FDF1" box="[472,570,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. clarki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE3FFC9769C68724212FCA9" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,863]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFE3FFC9769C6872465BFD15" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[199,361,621,647]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="511 - 541" refId="ref27279" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2007 b) Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from the Eastern Pacific seamounts. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 58 (25), 511 - 541." type="journal article" year="2007">Cairns (2007b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2009) suggested that specimens from the eastern Pacific were similar to the western Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE3FFC973D8687247D2FD39" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="2001" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE3FFC973D8687247D2FD39" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. antilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but differed in having longer basal scale spines. This was based on an incorrect interpretation of a misleading scale given for the figures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE3FFC977B868AA457FFD5D" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="2001" box="[483,589,693,719]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE3FFC977B868AA457FFD5D" box="[483,589,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. antilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFE3FFC9742968AA4429FD5D" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[626,795,693,719]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="367 - 380" refId="ref26986" refString="Bayer, F. M. (2001) New species of Calyptrophora (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Primnoidae) from the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 114 (2), 367 - 380." type="journal article" year="2001">Bayer’s (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
original description. The magnification as printed on his figures are incorrect, as the original SEM had been reduced in size, the correct magnification having to be determined by reference to the scale bar. Using the scale bar, not the number, the spines on the basal scales of both the Atlantic and Pacific populations are about the same, suggesting that this is a truly a widespread species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE3FFC9769C695B4222FCCD" box="[199,1296,836,863]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE3FFC9769C695B4222FCCD" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,863]" box="[199,1296,836,863]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE3FFC9769C695B466BFCCD" bold="true" box="[199,345,836,863]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Off Hawaii (Cairns 2009),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFE3FFC974CE695A4480FCCD" box="[661,946,837,863]" name="Northern Mariana Islands" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">northern Mariana Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFE3FFC975E6695A4340FCCD" box="[957,1138,837,863]" name="Kiribati" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Phoenix Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE3FFC97226695B423EFCCD" box="[1149,1292,836,863]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.955" metricValueMax="11.05" metricValueMin="2.86" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="695.5" valueMax="1105.0" valueMin="286.0">286–1105 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |