194 lines
21 KiB
XML
194 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="9C9924441F557C9A813F9E3C257E13C1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4028.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="449c193c-d836-4706-9460-b076fc9ff908" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="239806" ID-ZooBank="5D653C0B-187D-480C-8B4C-C1A2C76154D9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461284733351" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Framenau, Volker W. & Lehtinen, Pekka T." docDate="2015" docId="03AB87ACB725631C52F9F8CC52BF5C85" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04028p135.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4028 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Nukuhiva Berland 1935" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="131" masterDocId="FF92FFD4B724631E526EFFCA50315E48" masterDocTitle="Nukuhiva Berland, 1935 is a troglobitic wolf spider (Araneae: Lycosidae), not a nursery-web spider (Pisauridae)" masterLastPageNumber="135" masterPageNumber="129" pageNumber="130" updateTime="1698614857752" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="09D376FEBBA9D57B42281D7D8D19AF2F">Nukuhiva Berland, 1935 is a troglobitic wolf spider (Araneae: Lycosidae), not a nursery-web spider (Pisauridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D948D3094EAAB860BE6448B77AB89F58">Framenau, Volker W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DFE7A5FB6759676E6E81308B0369A68A">Lehtinen, Pekka T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0B39DB0D55749204FF7A973D749D39A4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DE185DDD0FF005D1DE8304A295769ECB">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="36962AA48FEE192BECE4C4913D34F90F">4028</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03AB87ACB725631C52F9F8CC52BF5C85" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6122732" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119641462" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6122732" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB87ACB725631C52F9F8CC52BF5C85" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87ACB725631C52F9F8CC52BF5C85" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
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<subSubSection id="C3186531B725631F52F9F8CC5349592B" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBD36BAB725631F52F9F8CC522D5968" blockId="1.[151,540,1798,1824]" box="[151,540,1798,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
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<heading id="D0F581D6B725631F52F9F8CC522D5968" bold="true" box="[151,540,1798,1824]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B976EAA8B725631F52F9F8CC522D5968" bold="true" box="[151,540,1798,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D39B725631F5280F8CC522D5968" authority="Berland, 1935" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1935" box="[238,540,1798,1824]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Nukuhiva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B976EAA8B725631F5280F8CC51565968" bold="true" box="[238,359,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Nukuhiva</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B4BB725631F5300F8CC522D5968" author="Berland" box="[366,540,1798,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" refString="Berland, L. (1935) Nouvelles araignees Marquisiennes. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 142, 31 - 63." type="journal article" year="1935">Berland, 1935</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBD36BAB725631F52F9F8875349592B" blockId="1.[151,1097,1869,1922]" box="[151,888,1869,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB121194B725631F52F9F8875349592B" box="[151,888,1869,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D39B725631F52F9F8875195592B" ID-CoL="47MQ" authority="Latreille, 1804" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" box="[151,420,1869,1891]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Dolomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B976EAA8B725631F52F9F8875138592B" box="[151,265,1869,1891]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Dolomedes</emphasis>
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Latreille, 1804
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</taxonomicName>
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(in part).—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA310ABB725631F5072F88752E2592B" author="Berland" box="[540,723,1869,1891]" page="68" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" year="1933">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B4BB725631F5072F887529E592B" author="Berland" box="[540,687,1869,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" refString="Berland, L. (1933) Araignees des Iles Marquises. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 114, 37 - 70." type="journal article" year="1933">Berland, 1933</bibRefCitation>
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: 68
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</treatmentCitation>
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–69, figs 55–59.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3186531B725631F52F9F8A6547859CA" box="[151,1097,1900,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBD36BAB725631F52F9F8A6547859CA" blockId="1.[151,1097,1869,1922]" box="[151,1097,1900,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB121194B725631F52F9F8A6547859CA" box="[151,1097,1900,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D39B725631F52F9F8A6518759CA" authority="Berland, 1935: 62" authorityName="Berland" authorityPageNumber="62" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,438,1900,1922]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Nukuhiva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B976EAA8B725631F52F9F8A650C959CA" box="[151,248,1900,1922]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Nukuhiva</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA310ABB725631F5290F8A6518759CA" author="Berland" box="[254,438,1900,1922]" page="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" year="1935">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B4BB725631F5290F8A651A059CA" author="Berland" box="[254,401,1900,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" refString="Berland, L. (1935) Nouvelles araignees Marquisiennes. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 142, 31 - 63." type="journal article" year="1935">Berland, 1935</bibRefCitation>
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: 62
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–63.
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA310ABB725631F5389F8A6528759CA" author="Lehtinen" box="[487,694,1900,1922]" page="253" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" year="1967">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B4BB725631F5389F8A652B259CA" author="Lehtinen" box="[487,643,1900,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" refString="Lehtinen, P. T. (1967) Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4, 199 - 468." type="journal article" year="1967">Lehtinen, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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: 253
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA310ABB725631F50AFF8A653B959CA" author="Brignoli" box="[705,904,1900,1922]" page="465" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" year="1983">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B4BB725631F50AFF8A6536959CA" author="Brignoli" box="[705,856,1900,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" refString="Brignoli, P. (1983) A catalogue of the Araneae described between 1940 and 1981. Manchester University Press, Manchester, 755 pp." type="book" year="1983">Brignoli, 1983</bibRefCitation>
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: 465
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</treatmentCitation>
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(in Dolomedidae).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3186531B725631C52F9F86452205E9C" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBD36BAB725631C52F9F86452205E9C" blockId="1.[151,1436,1966,2027]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,717]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
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||
<emphasis id="B976EAA8B725631F52F9F864511D598F" bold="true" box="[151,300,1966,1991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">
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<typeStatus id="54B98818B725631F52F9F86450E3598F" box="[151,210,1966,1991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D39B725631F5355F86452E4598F" authority="Berland, 1933" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1933" box="[315,725,1966,1991]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Dolomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adamsoni">
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<emphasis id="B976EAA8B725631F5355F864521F598F" box="[315,558,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="130">Dolomedes adamsoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B4BB725631F5058F86452E4598F" author="Berland" box="[566,725,1966,1991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" refString="Berland, L. (1933) Araignees des Iles Marquises. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 114, 37 - 70." type="journal article" year="1933">Berland, 1933</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(original designation and monotypy). The gender of the genus group name was not determined by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B4BB725631F5041F818537459A3" box="[559,837,2002,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="130" refString="Berland, L. (1935) Nouvelles araignees Marquisiennes. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 142, 31 - 63." type="journal article">Berland (Berland, 1935)</bibRefCitation>
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. It refers to Nuku Hiva, the largest of the Marquesas Islands in
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<collectingCountry id="F315762AB726631C5361FF5D51E65EF8" box="[271,471,151,176]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
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. It is here arbitrarily considered feminine, similar to and consistent with many wolf spider genera ending with an ‘-a’.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3186531B726631C52A9FF1551EA5CE0" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BBD36BAB726631C52A9FF1551EA5CE0" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">
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<emphasis id="B976EAA8B726631C52A9FF1551705EB0" bold="true" box="[199,321,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B4BB726631C5329FF1551C05EB0" author="Berland" box="[327,497,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" refString="Berland, L. (1935) Nouvelles araignees Marquisiennes. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 142, 31 - 63." type="journal article" year="1935">Berland (1935)</bibRefCitation>
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diagnosed
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D39B726631C501EFF1552EA5EB0" box="[624,731,223,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Nukuhiva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B976EAA8B726631C501EFF1552EA5EB0" box="[624,731,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Nukuhiva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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against the pisaurid genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D39B726631C5664FF1555025EB0" authority="Latreille, 1804" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" box="[1034,1331,223,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Dolomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B976EAA8B726631C5664FF1554B95EB0" box="[1034,1160,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Dolomedes</emphasis>
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Latreille, 1804
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</taxonomicName>
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based on the eye pattern, cheliceral dentition, genital characters and the shape of the carapace. Within the context of the current study, a diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D39B726631C53B5FEED52775F08" box="[475,582,295,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Nukuhiva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B976EAA8B726631C53B5FEED52775F08" box="[475,582,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Nukuhiva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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against a genus from a different family is out of place. However, due to the lack of a phylogenetic framework of Pacific Lycosinae, in particular with reference to the subterranean inhabitants, it is not possible to diagnose the genus, in particular taking the cautionary remarks in our introduction into account not to use troglomorphic adaptations, such as the reduced eyes and pale colouration of
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D39B726631C5611FE5E54DB5FE5" box="[1151,1258,404,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Nukuhiva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B976EAA8B726631C5611FE5E54DB5FE5" box="[1151,1258,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Nukuhiva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as genus-level diagnostic characters. The female genitalia of
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D39B726631C50C1FE7D532A5F98" box="[687,795,439,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Nukuhiva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B976EAA8B726631C50C1FE7D532A5F98" box="[687,795,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Nukuhiva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13392A3FB726631C5143FE7D53B75F98" box="[813,902,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 2 A – C" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1182,1204]" captionTargetBox="[278,1309,193,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[278,1309,193,1161]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2 A – C. Male and female genitalia of troglomorphic Pacific wolf spiders. A, Adelocosa anops Gertsch, holotype female, epigyne ventral view; B, Nukuhiva adamsoni Berland, female holotype, epigyne ventral view; C, Lycosa howarthi Gertsch, male holotype, left pedipalp ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/239808/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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) are very similar to
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D39B726631C5617FE7354F75F98" box="[1145,1222,441,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hogna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B976EAA8B726631C5617FE7354F75F98" box="[1145,1222,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Hogna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D39B726631C576CFE7D55595F98" box="[1282,1384,439,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Trochosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B976EAA8B726631C576CFE7D55595F98" box="[1282,1384,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Trochosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and related genera, and may represent a plesiomorphic state within the Lycosinae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B4BB726631C565AFE1655115FBD" author="Murphy" box="[1076,1312,476,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" refString="Murphy, N. P., Framenau, V. W., Donnellan, S. C., Harvey, M. S., Park, Y. - C. & Austin, A. D. (2006) Phylogenetic reconstruction of the wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) using sequences from the 12 S rRNA, 28 S rRNA, and NADH 1 genes: implications for classification, biogeography, and the evolution of web building behaviour. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 38, 583 - 602. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2005.09.004" type="journal article" year="2006">
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Murphy
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<emphasis id="B976EAA8B726631C56F2FE1754E95FBD" box="[1180,1240,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">et al.</emphasis>
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2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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). We have therefore decided to maintain the current generic status quo of subterranean Pacific Lycosinae that are now placed in three different genera,
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D39B726631C53BBFDEE52785C75" box="[469,585,548,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Adelocosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B976EAA8B726631C53BBFDEE52785C75" box="[469,585,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Adelocosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D39B726631C500FFDEE52FC5C75" box="[609,717,548,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Pisauridae" genus="Nukuhiva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAA8B726631C500FFDEE52FC5C75" box="[609,717,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Nukuhiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D39B726631C517AFDEF53535C74" box="[788,866,549,572]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAA8B726631C517AFDEF53535C74" box="[788,866,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Lycosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pending a comprehensive phylogenetic study, preferably based on both morphology and molecular characters. It is recognised, that in particular
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D39B726631C568FFD8355AD5C28" box="[1249,1436,583,608]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howarthi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAA8B726631C568FFD8355AD5C28" box="[1249,1436,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Lycosa howarthi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears little resemblance with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B98818B726631C5060FDA7520F5CCD" box="[526,574,621,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D39B726631C515CFDA753B15CCC" box="[818,896,621,644]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAA8B726631C515CFDA753B15CCC" box="[818,896,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Lycosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D39B726631C51FEFDA754D35CCD" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[912,1250,620,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarantula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAA8B726631C51FEFDA754265CCD" box="[912,1047,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">L. tarantula</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as illustrated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B4BB726631C52F9FD4551E65CE0" author="Zyuzin" box="[151,471,655,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" refString="Zyuzin, A. A. & Logunov, D. V. (2000) New and little-known species of the Lycosidae from Azerbaijan, the Caucasus (Araneae, Lycosidae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 11, 305 - 319." type="journal article" year="2000">Zyuzin and Logunov (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3186531B726631C52A9FD7E52BF5C85" box="[199,654,692,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36BAB726631C52A9FD7E52BF5C85" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,717]" box="[199,654,692,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAA8B726631C52A9FD7E51685C85" bold="true" box="[199,345,692,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
As for species (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |