175 lines
20 KiB
XML
175 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BEAA51DF9BEC150490CEA278107EF2D7">A new glass sponge genus (Hexactinellida: Euplectellidae) from abyssal depth of the Yap Trench, northwestern Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="369353E3E05A8BA2F425E6CF9E1190C3">Shen, Chengcheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9B11EFB8F5198DABD39D3F11F1C1278B">Dohrmann, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="96CBECA13F85A033334164B7EB8BDD81">Zhang, Dongsheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="771ED5B15B4C2A7925C8F0CF92A9DDEF">Lu, Bo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1F82D9EB14ECB7D54C9CDC3FFDAE882D">Wang, Chunsheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F9F5656629271AAB24E449054F9A8FAE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="52E91511448FB73ED00AA254C696C80F">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03AB026DFFFA27008EF0FB81FB442371" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5935757" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154402365" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5935757" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB026DFFFA27008EF0FB81FB442371" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB026DFFFA27008EF0FB81FB442371" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
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<subSubSection id="C318E0F0FFFA27018EF0FB81FC58269C" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBDB37BFFFA27018EF0FB81FE7626BE" blockId="2.[151,965,1142,1202]" box="[151,491,1142,1168]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
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<heading id="D0F50417FFFA27018EF0FB81FE7626BE" bold="true" box="[151,491,1142,1168]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9766F69FFFA27018EF0FB81FE7626BE" bold="true" box="[151,491,1142,1168]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C02C8F8FFFA27018E89FB81FEEA26BE" ID-CoL="85HYG" authority="Shen & Dohrmann & Zhang & Lu & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Shen & Dohrmann & Zhang & Lu & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[238,375,1142,1168]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Rhizophyta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9766F69FFFA27018E89FB81FEEA26BE" bold="true" box="[238,375,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Rhizophyta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245D212FFFA27018F1AFB81FE7626BE" box="[381,491,1142,1168]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBDB37BFFFA27018EF0FB6EFC58269C" blockId="2.[151,965,1142,1202]" box="[151,965,1177,1202]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
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<uri id="FF93BF79FFFA27018EF0FB6EFC58269C" box="[151,965,1177,1202]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFA489AEFFFA27018FCEFB6EFC58269C" box="[425,965,1177,1202]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">B71AF3A9-527F-454E-9AC7-0074CC189FE0</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C318E0F0FFFA27018EF0FB2FFD0126C0" box="[151,668,1240,1262]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBDB37BFFFA27018EF0FB2FFD0126C0" blockId="2.[151,668,1240,1262]" box="[151,668,1240,1262]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
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<emphasis id="B9766F69FFFA27018EF0FB2FFEBF26C0" bold="true" box="[151,290,1240,1262]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
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<typeStatus id="54B90DD9FFFA27018EF0FB2FFF5126C0" box="[151,204,1240,1262]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C02C8F8FFFA27018F4EFB2FFE6426C0" authority="Shen & Dohrmann & Zhang & Lu & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Shen & Dohrmann & Zhang & Lu & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[297,505,1240,1262]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Rhizophyta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="yapensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9766F69FFFA27018F4EFB2FFE6426C0" box="[297,505,1240,1262]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Rhizophyta yapensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B9766F69FFFA27018F98FB2FFD0126C0" bold="true" box="[511,668,1240,1262]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245D212FFFA27018F98FB2FFD0126C0" box="[511,668,1240,1262]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C318E0F0FFFA27018EF0FAE3FEDF2797" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BBDB37BFFFA27018EF0FAE3FEDF2797" blockId="2.[151,1437,1300,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
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<emphasis id="B9766F69FFFA27018EF0FAE3FE8C2703" bold="true" box="[151,273,1300,1325]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Body is fungus-like, pedunculate, rhizophytous with completely everted, laterally directed atrial cavity. Choanosomal spicules of the main body are diactins and hexactins. Dermalia and atrialia are pinular hexactins and rare pentactins. The internal spicules of the peduncle are diactins fused into a rigid skeleton by synapticulars. External spicules of the peduncle are loose pentactins forming a veil. Microscleres are toothed stellate discohexasters.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C318E0F0FFFA27018EA0FA33FD71242E" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BBDB37BFFFA27018EA0FA33FD71242E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1300,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
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<emphasis id="B9766F69FFFA27018EA0FA33FED327F3" bold="true" box="[199,334,1476,1501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The new genus name,
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<taxonomicName id="4C02C8F8FFFA27018C35FA33FD4D27F2" authority="Shen & Dohrmann & Zhang & Lu & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Shen & Dohrmann & Zhang & Lu & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[594,720,1476,1500]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Rhizophyta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9766F69FFFA27018C35FA33FD4D27F2" box="[594,720,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Rhizophyta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, reflects the rhizophytous attachment method (fixation by rootlike outgrowths instead of spicule tuft or basal plate).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C318E0F0FFFA27008EA0F9FDFB442371" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="370" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBDB37BFFFA27018EA0F9FDFB2C249E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1300,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
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<emphasis id="B9766F69FFFA27018EA0F9FDFEA6240D" bold="true" box="[199,315,1546,1571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Due to the presence of a long peduncle and absence of hypodermal pentactins, the new specimens most closely match the diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="4C02C8F8FFFA27018C2DF9DAFD722468" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[586,751,1581,1606]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Euplectellidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C02C8F8FFFA27018C99F9DAFC082468" authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="2002" box="[766,917,1581,1606]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bolosominae">Bolosominae</taxonomicName>
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. Although the surface pentactins veiling the peduncle resemble similar structures formed by hypodermalia in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C02C8F8FFFA27018DFAF9A7FBBC2447" box="[925,1057,1616,1641]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Rossellidae</taxonomicName>
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, there are no smaller megascleres accompanying them, so they are best interpreted as homologous to dermalia rather than hypodermalia. Furthermore, our molecular evidence (see below) clearly rules out any affinity to
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<taxonomicName id="4C02C8F8FFFA27018A4FF960FB30249E" box="[1064,1197,1687,1712]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Rossellidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBDB37BFFFA27008EA0F94DFB442371" blockId="2.[151,1437,1300,2029]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,352]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="370" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
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The rhizophytous method of fixation is quite rare among extant Hexactinellida and has to our knowledge never been reported for bolosomine euplectellids – as far as we are aware, only two rhizophytous euplectellids have been described before, namely
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<taxonomicName id="4C02C8F8FFFA27018FA5F8F6FD5E2537" authorityName="Tabachnick & Lévi" authorityYear="2004" box="[450,707,1793,1817]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Regadrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rhizophora">
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<emphasis id="B9766F69FFFA27018FA5F8F6FD5E2537" box="[450,707,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Regadrella rhizophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C02C8F8FFFA27018D67F8F6FC302537" authorityName="Reiswig & Kelly" authorityYear="2018" box="[768,941,1793,1817]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Regadrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
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<emphasis id="B9766F69FFFA27018D67F8F6FC302537" box="[768,941,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">R. pedunculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which are venus-flower-basket-like forms with a very short "peduncle", currently classified in
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<taxonomicName id="4C02C8F8FFFA27018C82F8D3FCEA2513" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1872" box="[741,887,1828,1853]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Corbitellinae">Corbitellinae</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="EF93CE8AFFFA27018DD3F8D3FB4C2512" author="Tabachnick, K. R. & Levi, C." box="[948,1233,1828,1853]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" pagination="11 - 71" refId="ref5449" refString="Tabachnick, K. R. & Levi, C. (2004) Lyssacinosida du Pacifique sud-ouest (Porifera: Hexactinellida). In: Marshall, B. A. & Richer de Forges, B. (Eds.), Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos 23. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. 191, 11 - 71." type="journal article" year="2004">Tabachnick & Lévi 2004</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF93CE8AFFFA27018ABAF8D3FF492571" author="Reiswig, H. M. & Kelly, M." pageId="2" pageNumber="369" pagination="1 - 170" refId="ref5318" refString="Reiswig, H. M. & Kelly, M. (2018) The marine fauna of New Zealand. Euplectellid glass sponges (Hexactinellida, Lyssacinosida, Euplectellidae). NIWA Biodiversity Memoirs. 130, 1 - 170." type="journal article" year="2018">Reiswig & Kelly 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). The new species cannot be accommodated in any of the currently known ten genera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C02C8F8FFFA27018AAAF8B0FAF9254E" authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="2002" box="[1229,1380,1863,1888]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bolosominae">Bolosominae</taxonomicName>
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. The overall body shape combined with pinular dermal and atrial hexactins suggest affinities to the monotypic genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C02C8F8FFFA27018EF0F87AFD112588" authority="Tabachnick & Levi, 2004" authorityName="Tabachnick & Levi" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,652,1933,1958]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Neocaledoniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9766F69FFFA27018EF0F87AFED2258B" box="[151,335,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Neocaledoniella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF93CE8AFFFA27018F3CF87AFD112588" author="Tabachnick, K. R. & Levi, C." box="[347,652,1933,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" pagination="11 - 71" refId="ref5449" refString="Tabachnick, K. R. & Levi, C. (2004) Lyssacinosida du Pacifique sud-ouest (Porifera: Hexactinellida). In: Marshall, B. A. & Richer de Forges, B. (Eds.), Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos 23. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. 191, 11 - 71." type="journal article" year="2004">Tabachnick & Lévi, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, the new species is clearly distinguished from it by the presence of regular discohexaster microscleres rather than a combination of calycocomes and graphiocomes. Furthermore, recent investigation of a newly collected specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="4C02C8F8FFFA27008DF3F823FF45229E" authority="(Tabachnick, 2002)" authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="2002" baseAuthorityName="Tabachnick" baseAuthorityYear="2002" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Neocaledoniella" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="370" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caulophacoides">
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<emphasis id="B9766F69FFFA27018DF3F823FA9E25C2" box="[916,1283,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Neocaledoniella caulophacoides</emphasis>
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(
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF93CE8AFFFA27008B75F823FF4D229E" author="Tabachnick, K. R." lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="370" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" pagination="1388 - 1434" refId="ref5511" refString="Tabachnick, K. R. (2002) Family Euplectellidae Gray, 1867. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 1388 - 1434. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 146" type="book chapter" year="2002">Tabachnick, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
allowed for the first time examination of the base of its peduncle, showing that it has a basiphytous method of fixation (CS, unpublished observation). The presence of no other microscleres than discohexasters is uniquely shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02C8F8FFFB27008F41FF29FDBE22D9" authority="Ijima, 1904" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1904" box="[294,547,222,247]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Bolosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="370" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9766F69FFFB27008F41FF29FE0822D8" box="[294,405,222,246]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="370">Bolosoma</emphasis>
|
||
Ijima, 1904
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
among known pedunculate euplectellids. However, besides from differing in body shape (no everted, laterally directed atrial cavity and shorter, thicker stalk),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02C8F8FFFB27008A73FEF6FB1E2337" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1904" box="[1044,1155,257,281]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Bolosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="370" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9766F69FFFB27008A73FEF6FB1E2337" box="[1044,1155,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="370">Bolosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are characterized by the presence of anchorate discohexasters (codonhexasters) and their derivatives (missing in the new species). Our molecular evidence (see below) also does not support any affinity of the new species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02C8F8FFFB27008A04FEBFFB4F234E" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1904" box="[1123,1234,328,352]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Bolosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="370" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9766F69FFFB27008A04FEBFFB4F234E" box="[1123,1234,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="370">Bolosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |