244 lines
28 KiB
XML
244 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="7892C7A10C863848F49CCABABBFC60AB" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3278c375-6c89-42a2-b7ac-24b9bb91730e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="251860" ID-ZooBank="8FECCFC1-7CA9-4A90-B881-4BD40157AD99" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460928091107" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. & Congdon, T. Colin E." docDate="2014" docId="03AA87B3FFDD351FFF79F9EE2763DEEF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03872p354.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3872 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chondrolepis telisignata Butler 1896" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="331" masterDocId="FF93FFCBFFC63501FFEEFFD82603DF67" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders" masterLastPageNumber="354" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="328" updateTime="1698362795193" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="2E5FDEDD0DD0DC7E2691996882893F71" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C5957D9C240F855318F2AE45252ADE74">
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<mods:title id="C3B494E2C6CB246B5CE753680E6560E1">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="DFB9DA8298A915A5BC0493F66A545D82" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9EBF273C088DABE0CA3567785D2BAB40">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9919CE7CA341AD6E57C8587D564C10E6">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="654DF9F7FA99C609C87A245D96CE4727" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="86A4D08B9B3150EA0F7C3DFA00597039">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7D66E841106DF8B795E0E11208E8CF8F">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C0E565F3B1D13818508CEE80EB73B550">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="18EF8BC4645B439D816DC65F9FC78961">
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<mods:title id="7FABD821BC039D1C2682698512D2549F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A4CC90A89D0BF4458BEF14E8827A9C94">
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<mods:date id="BD9DB8EE101E6F3E8320362BA545DDF8">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="11BA7CDD28304F935E61033A3C8EFB4C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="64BEF29730F6FE0BC2F6D1D2FF4DDA9A">3872</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="F2BDADBADE88CC5339D67A6A853A340E" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="3D6C8838136279089E51FBF79239A3FC">4</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="804D50C49CC7D0844BB6D21AB200584D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F9D7284948F970F1E94E5099B02F6C6D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4029B6EA93BC81C5A89B2865233DCD6D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F30F83E599B8B32F09905E78F7DB3734" type="Zenodo-Dep">251860</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AA87B3FFDD351FFF79F9EE2763DEEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5681006" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119589659" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5681006" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87B3FFDD351FFF79F9EE2763DEEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87B3FFDD351FFF79F9EE2763DEEF" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="331" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
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<subSubSection id="C319652EFFDD351FFF79F9EE2763DEEF" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="331" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFDD351AFF79F9EE245FD937" blockId="27.[151,604,1590,1616]" box="[151,604,1590,1616]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
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<heading id="D0F481C9FFDD351AFF79F9EE245FD937" bold="true" box="[151,604,1590,1616]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDD351AFF79F9EE245FD937" ID-CoL="5XZK8" authority="Butler, 1896" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,604,1590,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telisignata">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDD351AFF79F9EE245FD937" bold="true" box="[151,604,1590,1616]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDD351AFF79F9EE27BDD937" bold="true" box="[151,446,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Chondrolepis telisignata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFDD351AFE2BF9EE245FD937" author="Butler" box="[453,604,1590,1616]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" refString="Butler, A. G. (1896) On a collection of butterflies obtained by Mr. Richard Crawshay in Nyasa-land, between the months of January and April 1895. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896, 108 - 136, plate VI. Available from: http: / / www. biodiversitylibrary. org / pdf 2 / 003294700074271. pdf (accessed 9 September 2014)" type="proceedings paper" year="1896">Butler, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFDD351AFF79F9A62554D82D" blockId="27.[151,1437,1661,1866]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
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One centre of distribution for this species is the Central Highlands of
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFDD351AFC43F9A625FAD9F1" box="[941,1017,1662,1686]" name="Kenya" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, but there are disjunct populations in the Teita Hills of
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFDD351AFE8EF97A27AFD9DD" box="[352,428,1698,1722]" name="Kenya" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, South
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFDD351AFDECF9792465D9DD" box="[514,614,1697,1722]" name="Tanzania" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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(Iringa and Mbeya Districts) and Nyika Plateau, on the
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFDD351AFB07F979233ED9DD" box="[1257,1341,1697,1722]" name="Malawi" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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/
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFDD351AFAA8F979239ED9DD" box="[1350,1437,1697,1722]" name="Zambia" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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border (the
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<typeStatus id="54B88807FFDD351AFEF2F91E274FD9B9" box="[284,332,1734,1758]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">type</typeStatus>
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locality) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFDD351AFE2CF91E2449D9B9" author="Evans" box="[450,586,1734,1758]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp., 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans 1937</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFDD351AFDB9F91E24FBD9B9" author="De" box="[599,760,1733,1758]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" refString="De Jong, R. (1986) Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the chiefly afromontane genus Chondrolepis Mabille (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 231, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1986">De Jong 1986</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFDD351AFCEBF91D25CDD9B9" author="Heath" box="[773,974,1733,1758]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" refString="Heath, A., Newport, M. A. & Hancock, D. (2002) The Butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly Research Institute and The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, 137 pp. + CD." type="book" year="2002">
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Heath
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDD351AFCA1F91E2581D9B9" box="[847,898,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">et al</emphasis>
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. 2002
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</bibRefCitation>
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). A single outlier specimen from Mabira Forest,
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFDD351AFF05F9312741D865" box="[235,322,1769,1794]" name="Uganda" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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needs confirmation (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFDD351AFDC0F93224CCD865" author="De" box="[558,719,1769,1794]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" refString="De Jong, R. (1986) Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the chiefly afromontane genus Chondrolepis Mabille (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 231, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1986">De Jong 1986</bibRefCitation>
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). Of the
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<specimenCount id="9D05FD2CFFDD351AFCC1F93225D7D865" box="[815,980,1769,1794]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="generic">242 specimens</specimenCount>
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De Jong examined, all but 18 were from
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFDD351AFF79F8D626E7D841" box="[151,228,1806,1830]" name="Kenya" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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. MJWC reared this species from around Nairobi, but at slightly higher altitudes (Tigoni, Muguga, Ngong Hills) and Thompson’s Falls (near Nyahururu, Central
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFDD351AFD13F8EA2548D82D" box="[765,843,1842,1866]" name="Kenya" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFDD351AFF79F8A1274FD8F5" blockId="27.[151,1436,1913,2010]" box="[151,332,1913,1938]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDD351AFF79F8A1274FD8F5" box="[151,332,1913,1938]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Adult behaviour</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFDD351DFF79F84624DFDF90" blockId="27.[151,1436,1913,2010]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="329" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
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In the Central Highlands of
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFDD351AFE0CF8462428D8D1" box="[482,555,1950,1974]" name="Kenya" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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it is fairly common in woodland. Males and females can be found in open woodland or along tracks of more dense woodland settled on grass or low vegetation. When disturbed they often only fly a short distance before settling again. The white markings of the male underside are both striking and distinctive in the field, although females can only be recognised when at rest. Males, at least, will fly quite late in the afternoon, and when the sky is heavily overcast.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFDA351DFF79FEFF271DDE27" blockId="28.[151,1436,295,464]" box="[151,286,295,320]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFF79FEFF271DDE27" box="[151,286,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Food plants</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFDA351DFF79FE942230DEB7" blockId="28.[151,1436,295,464]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
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MJWC has found caterpillars of this species on broad leaved grasses
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDA351DFC75FE952247DE02" box="[923,1092,332,357]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sulcata">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFC75FE952247DE02" box="[923,1092,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Setaria sulcata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDA351DFB84FE9522DDDE03" box="[1130,1246,333,356]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poiretiana">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFB84FE9522DDDE03" box="[1130,1246,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">poiretiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) (Tigoni Woods, 87/5) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDA351DFEE7FEA827ABDEEF" box="[265,424,367,392]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megaphylla">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFEE7FEA827ABDEEF" box="[265,424,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">S. megaphylla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDA351DFE21FEB72432DEEF" box="[463,561,367,392]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plicatilis">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFE21FEB72432DEEF" box="[463,561,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">plicatilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) (Muguga, 88/89, 88/103), a medium leaved grass?
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDA351DFB93FEB722EADEEF" box="[1149,1257,367,392]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFB93FEB722EADEEF" box="[1149,1257,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Cenchrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDA351DFAFEFEA92390DEEF" box="[1296,1427,369,392]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFAFEFEA92390DEEF" box="[1296,1427,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Pennisetum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) sp. (Thomson’s Falls, Nyahururu, 90/124, 90/126), and a quite narrow leaved grass, identified as either
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDA351DFF79FE6F27B4DEB7" box="[151,439,439,464]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Helictotrichon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elongatum">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFF79FE6F27B4DEB7" box="[151,439,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Helictotrichon elongatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDA351DFE32FE6F248CDEB7" box="[476,655,439,464]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ehrharta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFE32FE6F248CDEB7" box="[476,655,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Ehrharta erecta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDA351DFD78FE602539DEB7" box="[662,826,439,464]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" rank="variety" variety="abyssinica">
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var.
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFD2AFE6F2539DEB7" box="[708,826,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">abyssinica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Ngong Hills, 89/71).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFDA351DFF79FDD82724DD7F" blockId="28.[151,1436,511,680]" box="[151,295,511,536]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFF79FDD82724DD7F" box="[151,295,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Leaf shelters</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFDA351DFF79FDFC22B5DDCF" blockId="28.[151,1436,511,680]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">The young caterpillar makes a shelter by cutting two notches from the edge of the leaf, and folding the flap created under or over; feeding continues to extend the basal notch (87/5). Larger caterpillars make their shelters by rolling the basal half of the leaf lamina upwards along the mid-rib. The pupa is formed in a rolled leaf, sealed tightly at each end of the shelter; the area anterior to the pupa is blocked with a loose waxy flocculence.</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF7C662DFFDA351DFF79F8D3259AD88D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251888/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" targetBox="[151,1436,735,1778]" targetPageId="28">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFDA351DFF79F8D3259AD88D" blockId="28.[151,1436,1803,2026]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFF79F8D32727D847" bold="true" box="[151,292,1803,1825]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">FIGURE 28.</emphasis>
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Caterpillars of
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDA351DFE3EF8D324CCD846" box="[464,719,1803,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telisignata">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFE3EF8D324CCD846" box="[464,719,1803,1825]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Chondrolepis telisignata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, collected on grasses, Kenya.
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFBF7F8D32226D847" bold="true" box="[1049,1061,1803,1824]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">1</emphasis>
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, penultimate instar, detail of head; collected on either
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDA351DFE84F8F42476D825" box="[362,629,1836,1858]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Helictotrichon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elongatum">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFE84F8F42476D825" box="[362,629,1836,1858]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Helictotrichon elongatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDA351DFD4DF8F4254AD825" box="[675,841,1836,1858]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ehrharta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFD4DF8F4254AD825" box="[675,841,1836,1858]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Ehrharta erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDA351DFCB8F8F5228BD825" authority="Ngong Hills" authorityName="Ngong Hills" box="[854,1160,1836,1858]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" rank="variety" variety="abyssinica">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFC68F8F425F2D825" box="[902,1009,1836,1858]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">abyssinica</emphasis>
|
||
, Ngong Hills
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1 Oct 1989; moulted to penultimate instar 6 Oct; photographed 8 Oct; moulted to final instar 15 Oct; 89/71;
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFBF0F8962228D804" bold="true" box="[1054,1067,1870,1891]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">2</emphasis>
|
||
, penultimate instar, detail of head; collected 29 Sep 1988 on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDA351DFE47F8A82472D8E2" box="[425,625,1903,1925]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megaphylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFE47F8A82472D8E2" box="[425,625,1903,1925]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Setaria megaphylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, south Muguga Forest, moulted to penultimate instar 31 Oct; photographed 1 Nov; moulted to final instar 9 Nov; 13mm; 88/89;
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFD7AF84824A2D8C2" bold="true" box="[660,673,1936,1957]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">3</emphasis>
|
||
, final instar collected as #2; moulted to final instar 9 Nov; photographed 12 Nov; pupal shelter 30 Nov; 16mm; 88/89;
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFDACF86A244CD8A0" bold="true" box="[578,591,1970,1991]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">4</emphasis>
|
||
, final instar, dorsolateral view, collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDA351DFBE2F86A22D2D8AF" box="[1036,1233,1970,1992]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megaphylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDA351DFBE2F86A22D2D8AF" box="[1036,1233,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Setaria megaphylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 28 Oct 1988, south Muguga Forest; moulted to final instar and photographed 19 Nov; 88/103A.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFDB351CFF79FF4F2716DFD7" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,501]" box="[151,277,151,176]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDB351CFF79FF4F2716DFD7" box="[151,277,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Caterpillar</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFDB351CFF79FF642312DE92" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
|
||
The young caterpillars, like many grass feeders, are green with a black head. In the n-2 instar the head is 1.30 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B40FFDB351CFF79FF3826F0DF9F" box="[151,243,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="1.43">1.43mm</quantity>
|
||
wide x high (n=5) dark brown to black, shiny; rounded, indent at vertex; scattered inconspicuous pale erect setae. Pronotum narrow, black; body translucent dull green, whitish ventrally. One penultimate instar caterpillar (88/89, Figure 28.2) had the head rounded oval; light brown with an inverted dark M on face, sharp against the adfrontals, but broad and diffuse on epicrania; posterior margin of head black, widening basally to stemmata. Pronotum narrow, black; body translucent dull green; dorsal line clear, bordered by yellowish suffusion; posterior segments tinged brown. Another penultimate instar (89/71, Figure 28.1) had the dark marking on the head more extensive, reaching the apices and vertex, laterally in a broad band above stemmata, and on the upper half of the adfrontals. The heads of three penultimate instar caterpillars averaged 1.74 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B40FFDB351CFBCFFE04227DDE93" box="[1057,1150,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.10mm</quantity>
|
||
wide x high.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7C662DFFDB351CFF79F9EA27FBD9E2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251889/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" targetBox="[151,1436,539,1561]" targetPageId="29">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFDB351CFF79F9EA27FBD9E2" blockId="29.[151,1435,1586,1669]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDB351CFF79F9EA2720D920" bold="true" box="[151,291,1586,1608]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">FIGURE 29.</emphasis>
|
||
Pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDB351CFE66F9EA2485D92F" box="[392,646,1586,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telisignata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDB351CFE66F9EA2485D92F" box="[392,646,1586,1608]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Chondrolepis telisignata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected 1 Oct 1989 on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDB351CFC77F9EA22A2D92F" box="[921,1185,1586,1608]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Helictotrichon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elongatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDB351CFC77F9EA22A2D92F" box="[921,1185,1586,1608]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Helictotrichon elongatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDB351CFB24F9EA236DD92F" box="[1226,1390,1586,1608]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ehrharta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDB351CFB24F9EA236DD92F" box="[1226,1390,1586,1608]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Ehrharta erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFDB351CFA96F9EB2794D901" authority="Ngong Hills" authorityName="Ngong Hills" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" rank="variety" variety="abyssinica">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDB351CFF79F9882701D901" box="[151,258,1616,1638]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">abyssinica</emphasis>
|
||
, Ngong Hills
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; pupated 29 Oct; photographed 30 Oct; adult female 14 Nov; 19mm; 89/71.
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDB351CFB30F98822E9D902" bold="true" box="[1246,1258,1616,1637]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">1</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFDB351CFA67F9882396D902" bold="true" box="[1417,1429,1616,1637]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">2</emphasis>
|
||
, ventrolateral view; 3, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFDB351CFF29F96B22EAD88C" blockId="29.[151,1437,1714,2027]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
|
||
In the final instar, the inverted M on the face is characteristic amongst the known members of the genus (Figures 28.3–4). The following is based primarily on caterpillar 88/89 (Figure 28.3), which measured
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B40FFDB351CFAFFF90E235AD988" box="[1297,1369,1750,1775]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="16.0">16mm</quantity>
|
||
at the time; head 2.1 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B40FFDB351CFE88F92227C0D874" box="[358,451,1786,1811]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="2.65">2.65mm</quantity>
|
||
wide x high (n=5); ground colour light brown; posterior margin dark, widening to stemmata; dark, inverted M shape on face: narrowly dark each side of epicranial suture from below vertex, extending externally to half way down adfrontals, and from lower end a vertical line on epicranium to well short of apex. Body translucent; green with a tinge of orange dorsally, stronger in a corrugated section on posterior margin of each segment; A1–A9 a single black dorsolateral dot on each segment; dorsal line A1–A9 clear, dark and conspicuous; anal plate semi-circular with scattered pale setae; ventrum paler; legs and spiracles concolorous with body. The penultimate and final instars took 10 and 20 days respectively under Nairobi conditions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFD8351FFF79FF4126D0DFD7" blockId="30.[151,1436,153,392]" box="[151,211,153,176]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFD8351FFF79FF4126D0DFD7" box="[151,211,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFD8351FFF79FF642763DEEF" blockId="30.[151,1436,153,392]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
|
||
The following is based on pupa 89/71 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382A20FFD8351FFD8DFF6424DBDFB3" box="[611,728,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1586,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,539,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,533,1561]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 29. Pupa of Chondrolepis telisignata collected 1 Oct 1989 on Helictotrichon elongatum or Ehrharta erecta var. abyssinica, Ngong Hills; pupated 29 Oct; photographed 30 Oct; adult female 14 Nov; 19 mm; 89 / 71. 1, dorsal view; 2, ventrolateral view; 3, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251889/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Figure 29</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B40FFD8351FFD01FF642547DFB3" box="[751,836,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
|
||
; ground colour light brown, head and dorsal thorax darker; a small, dark, slightly down-curved frontal projection of
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B40FFD8351FFC9CFF0725C7DF9F" box="[882,964,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6mm</quantity>
|
||
; brown cremaster broad and rounded, not attached to lining of shelter; brown proboscis sheath extends
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B40FFD8351FFCA7FEDC259CDE7A" box="[841,927,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6mm</quantity>
|
||
beyond the wing cases, in the latter case just short of cremaster; T1 spiracle dark brown, conspicuous; dark stripe through eye; tufts of brown setae around cremaster; head and prothorax with white waxy bloom. The pupal period took 18 days; female 89/71 was noted to emerge at 07.30h.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |