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<document id="AE8E31883F74C2F4DFBD98A0C2B5FAE2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5004.3.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5120645" ID-ZooBank="0C4DFAA3-5822-456B-916B-84A7BABEB98F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1626900792081" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R. &amp; Maggioni, Davide" docDate="2021" docId="03AA0A13FF9AB668FF0DFF38FC6A1BCE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5004.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5004 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gonaxia incisa Galea &amp; Maggioni 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="415" masterDocId="FF93726BFF96B666FF9AFFAFFFF71A1C" masterDocTitle="An integrative study of some species of Gonaxia Vervoort, 1993 from off New Caledonia, with the establishment of Gonaxiidae as a new family of thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)" masterLastPageNumber="429" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="413" updateTime="1699013130504" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="11661FA037F8A9F39AC2D3314592D51A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="15872091E7F32C0D6F67D0168C629736">
<mods:title id="28ED59B090CA06ECB737DFD1E46C7142">An integrative study of some species of Gonaxia Vervoort, 1993 from off New Caledonia, with the establishment of Gonaxiidae as a new family of thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="941DE891FD6E573920936061BE92F446" type="personal">
<mods:role id="86E56B92604E0C5B68CF8E93EE511129">
<mods:roleTerm id="6FE8263077477F38186993B705EF1357">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="066ED2F8D13F088A578BFBA28B0E6AD1">Galea, Horia R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1552EB0B2A30B38ACC4499272C231DA1">Hydrozoan Research Laboratory, 405 Chemin Les Gatiers, 83170 Tourves, France.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="65106977D3D432167719C15DF48304E3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1A36D6F80A37079DADE5B053BA068DD4">
<mods:roleTerm id="7CD7B8C1E4D8785AA823DC27A47A9395">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="64B153784E2B2AC38B1BF588BC5B0AA0">Maggioni, Davide</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="752011830C97912887905718E390A314" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0508-3987</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="EB2AC241715121E765DFAF4678243B4C">Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e della Terra, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy. davide. maggioni @ unimib. it; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0508 - 3987 &amp; Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Marine and High Education (MaRHE) Center, 12030 Faafu Magoodhoo, Republic of the Maldives</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FF1855E7B2A01CBCD0BAC28B2634F87D" type="email">davide.maggioni@unimib.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="C28CAFF950721C05C9E23E1F1B8D1F43">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="F2F0A8BB2357F900F795B598E4B7524E" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="6FB45C04DF369A6DE4901005B863B1AE">
<mods:title id="E2C4723CE4611D07DFD1DB71DB75715F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="B113268C32DA65C2E48937F21529E212">
<mods:date id="783C6B8034E195D1D5E54D9BE00A9362">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="3585B598DF3308C3658C8AFE21B72AEA" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="B1D7A18D56837D582F183C18B8A6C7E3">2021-07-21</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F55CE253E30FC9D3EDD463D11C754F4F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="54F3A10A7C6A04DB357C2469A269C8CE">5004</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="229BBF75A0DB5C4AC1ED6D7CB52708A0" type="issue">
<mods:number id="29843B9F7CE0EB6C44D8187B73DC3F79">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="E56D49CEA0B1C28893FD16B9BA49AD29" unit="page">
<mods:start id="D47F97EDA2E9F9C73D89D67788799F31">401</mods:start>
<mods:end id="59C793F818A219C6D37D8E881E0818D7">429</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="65FD7D343CA15C69B25BB273E24CFE4B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="83457E27786D48B9A2696B375FC660EA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5004.3.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F00D0B99C370F4EF764E930C2EA296BB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2C384B257574C9EBB4E25CCBA7371BAC" type="Zenodo-Dep">5120645</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BB3D520EBB17FBB56F5981DC9ACDD72D" type="ZooBank">0C4DFAA3-5822-456B-916B-84A7BABEB98F</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03AA0A13FF9AB668FF0DFF38FC6A1BCE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA0A13FF9AB668FF0DFF38FC6A1BCE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA0A13FF9AB668FF0DFF38FC6A1BCE" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<subSubSection id="C319E88EFF9AB66AFF0DFF38FDFC1AAD" box="[151,523,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBCBB05FF9AB66AFF0DFF38FDFC1AAD" blockId="12.[151,530,151,214]" box="[151,523,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<heading id="D0F40C69FF9AB66AFF0DFF38FDFC1AAD" bold="true" box="[151,523,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9AB66AFF0DFF38FDFC1AAD" bold="true" box="[151,523,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicName id="4C03C086FF9AB66AFF0DFF38FE561AAD" authority="Galea" authorityName="Galea &amp; Maggioni" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,417,151,177]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Gonaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incisa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9AB66AFF0DFF38FEB81AAD" bold="true" box="[151,335,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Gonaxia incisa</emphasis>
Galea
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A244DA6CFF9AB66AFE34FF38FDFC1AAD" box="[430,523,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319E88EFF9AB66AFF0DFF14FDE51AC9" box="[151,530,187,214]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBCBB05FF9AB66AFF0DFF14FDE51AC9" blockId="12.[151,530,151,214]" box="[151,530,187,214]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF9AB66AFF0DFF14FF1B1AC9" box="[151,236,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1699,1723]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,192,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[151,1435,181,1675]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Species of Gonaxia dealt with in this study: G. bulbifera Vervoort, 1993 (A), G. crassicaulis Vervoort, 1993 (B), G. crusgalli Vervoort, 1993 (C), G. elegans Vervoort, 1993 (D), G. errans Vervoort, 1993 (E, unbranched form), G. incisa Galea, sp. nov. (F), G. cf. intermedia Vervoort, 1993 (G), G. perplexa Vervoort, 1993 (H), G. sinuosa Vervoort, 1993 (I), G. solenoscyphoides Galea, sp. nov. (J). Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120674/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Figs 1F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF9AB66AFF62FF14FEEA1ACA" box="[248,285,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,984,1008]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,181,960]" captionTargetId="figure-22@8.[211,1376,181,960]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Gonothecae of several species of Gonaxia dealt with herein: G. crassicaulis Vervoort, 1993 (A: female, B: male), G. elegans Vervoort, 1993 (C), G. incisa Galea, sp. nov. (D), G. perplexa Vervoort, 1993 (E), G. sinuosa Vervoort, 1993 (F). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120682/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">5D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF9AB66AFEB2FF14FECF1AC9" box="[296,312,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,676,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-179@12.[159,1429,669,1914]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Gonaxia incisa Galea, sp. nov. A. Portion of colony. B. Hydrotheca seen laterally. C. Opercular apparatus seen frontally. D. Presumably male gonothecae. E. Presumably female gonothecae. From samples MNHN-IK-2015-2670 (A–C), MNHN-IK-2015-2680 (D) and MNHN-IK-2015-2681 (E). Scale bars: B, C = 300 µm; A, D, E = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120692/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF9AB66AFEDEFF14FE951ACA" box="[324,354,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1036,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-243@19.[151,1436,1036,1903]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 15. Phylogenetic hypothesis for Gonaxia species based on a 16S dataset. Numbers at nodes show maximum likelihood bootstrap values, Bayesian posterior probabilities, and maximum parsimony bootstrap values, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120706/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF9AB66AFEF4FF14FE7A1AC9" box="[366,397,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[221,1366,181,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-22@20.[221,1366,181,1872]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 16. Phylogenetic hypothesis for the position of the Gonaxiidae Maggioni, fam. nov. within Macrocolonia, based on a multi-locus dataset. Numbers at nodes show maximum likelihood bootstrap values, Bayesian posterior probabilities, and maximum parsimony bootstrap values, respectively, and are shown only when at least two analyses demonstrated high support (&gt; 0.9 for Bayesian posterior probabilities and&gt; 75 for bootstrap values)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120710/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">16</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6818EBEFF9AB66AFE02FF14FE0F1AC9" box="[408,504,187,213]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="13.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements of Gonaxia incisa Galea, sp. nov. and G. solenoscyphoides Galea, sp. nov., in µm." pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Tables 2</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6818EBEFF9AB66AFD9EFF14FDE51AC9" box="[516,530,187,213]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="19.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Inter- and intraspecific genetic distances (% uncorrected p-distances ± standard deviations) between Gonaxia species. N.C. stands for non-calculable." pageId="12" pageNumber="413">3</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319E88EFF9AB66AFF0DFEACFD091899" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBCBB05FF9AB66AFF0DFEACFD091899" blockId="12.[151,1437,259,646]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9AB66AFF0DFEACFE771B01" bold="true" box="[151,384,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54B805A7FF9AB66AFE1FFEACFE051B01" box="[389,498,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: KANACONO, Stn. DW4670, MNHN-IK-2015-2679: a
<quantity id="4CFB16E0FF9AB66AFBF7FEACFB4F1B02" box="[1133,1208,259,286]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" unit="cm" value="4.5">4.5 cm</quantity>
high colony bearing
<specimenCount id="9D05708CFF9AB66AFF0DFE87FF5B1B5E" box="[151,172,296,322]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
gonothecae.—
<materialsCitation id="3B6BB158FF9AB66AFECCFE88FC991B79" accessionNumber="MZ099700" collectionCode="MZ" collectorName="Stn. DW &amp; GenBank" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54B805A7FF9AB66AFECCFE88FE4B1B5D" box="[342,444,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
: KANACONO,
<collectorName id="26F6DED3FF9AB66AFDE9FE88FD211B5D" box="[627,726,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Stn. DW</collectorName>
4670, MNHN-IK-2015-2670: many colonies,
<quantity id="4CFB16E0FF9AB66AFB4DFE88FADE1B5E" box="[1239,1321,295,322]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" unit="cm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 cm</quantity>
high, old- er ones bearing either
<specimenCount id="9D05708CFF9AB66AFE08FEE3FE501B7A" box="[402,423,332,358]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
or
<specimenCount id="9D05708CFF9AB66AFE57FEE3FE151B7A" box="[461,482,332,358]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
gonothecae;
<collectorName id="26F6DED3FF9AB66AFDE2FEE4FD111B79" box="[632,742,331,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">GenBank</collectorName>
:
<accessionNumber id="945026E6FF9AB66AFD6BFEE4FC991B79" box="[753,878,331,357]" httpUri="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MZ099700" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="GenBank">
<collectionCode id="ED1223C0FF9AB66AFD6BFEE4FCEC1B79" box="[753,795,331,357]" country="0" name="Museum of the Earth, Polish Academy of Sciences" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">MZ</collectionCode>
099700
</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
(16S).—
<materialsCitation id="3B6BB158FF9AB66AFC55FEE4FD0D1899" accessionNumber="MZ099701, MZ099687, MZ099671" collectionCode="MZ" collectorName="Stn. DW" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="4">
Additional material: KANACONO,
<collectorName id="26F6DED3FF9AB66AFAEAFEE4FF301B95" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Stn. DW</collectorName>
4670, MNHN-IK-2019-2061: two colony fragments, 0.9 and
<quantity id="4CFB16E0FF9AB66AFC18FEC0FC271B96" box="[898,976,367,394]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" unit="cm" value="2.2">2.2 cm</quantity>
high, both bearing presumably
<specimenCount id="9D05708CFF9AB66AFAA7FEDFFAA51B96" box="[1341,1362,368,394]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
gono- thecae.—KANACONO,
<collectorName id="26F6DED3FF9AB66AFE35FE3CFDE41BB1" box="[431,531,403,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Stn. DW</collectorName>
4671, MNHN-IK-2015-2667: six colonies, 1.8–6.0 cm high, the five largest bear- ing either
<specimenCount id="9D05708CFF9AB66AFE90FE17FEE81BCE" box="[266,287,440,466]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
or
<specimenCount id="9D05708CFF9AB66AFEDFFE17FEAD1BCE" box="[325,346,440,466]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
gonothecae; GenBank:
<accessionNumber id="945026E6FF9AB66AFDF0FE18FD101BCD" box="[618,743,439,465]" httpUri="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MZ099701" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="GenBank">
<collectionCode id="ED1223C0FF9AB66AFDF0FE18FD621BCD" box="[618,661,439,465]" country="0" name="Museum of the Earth, Polish Academy of Sciences" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">MZ</collectionCode>
099701
</accessionNumber>
(16S),
<accessionNumber id="945026E6FF9AB66AFCA6FE18FC4D1BCD" box="[828,954,439,465]" httpUri="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MZ099687" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="GenBank">
<collectionCode id="ED1223C0FF9AB66AFCA6FE18FC911BCD" box="[828,870,439,465]" country="0" name="Museum of the Earth, Polish Academy of Sciences" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">MZ</collectionCode>
099687
</accessionNumber>
(18S),
<accessionNumber id="945026E6FF9AB66AFB94FE18FB7B1BCD" box="[1038,1164,439,465]" httpUri="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MZ099671" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="GenBank">
<collectionCode id="ED1223C0FF9AB66AFB94FE18FBCE1BCD" box="[1038,1081,439,465]" country="0" name="Museum of the Earth, Polish Academy of Sciences" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">MZ</collectionCode>
099671
</accessionNumber>
(28S).—KANACONO,
<collectorName id="26F6DED3FF9AB66AFF0DFE74FF0D1BE9" box="[151,250,475,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Stn. DW</collectorName>
4672, MNHN-IK-2015-2681: three colonies,
<quantity id="4CFB16E0FF9AB66AFD64FE74FC8C1BEA" box="[766,891,475,502]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" unit="cm" value="4.05" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="1.6">1.6–6.5 cm</quantity>
high, the two largest bearing gonothecae.—KA- NACONO,
<collectorName id="26F6DED3FF9AB66AFE85FE50FE721805" box="[287,389,511,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Stn. DW</collectorName>
4677, MNHN-IK-2019-2062: three colonies,
<quantity id="4CFB16E0FF9AB66AFC16FE50FBFC1806" box="[908,1035,511,538]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" unit="cm" value="4.15" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.8">3.8–4.5 cm</quantity>
high, smallest bearing presumably
<specimenCount id="9D05708CFF9AB66AFF0DFD8BFF5B1822" box="[151,172,548,574]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
gonothecae, while the two largest bear presumably
<specimenCount id="9D05708CFF9AB66AFD66FD8BFCE61822" box="[764,785,548,574]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
gonothecae.—KANACONO,
<collectorName id="26F6DED3FF9AB66AFBF6FD8CFB261821" box="[1132,1233,547,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Stn. DW</collectorName>
4681, MNHN-IK- 2015-2680: a
<quantity id="4CFB16E0FF9AB66AFEACFDE8FE98187E" box="[310,367,583,610]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
high colony bearing
<specimenCount id="9D05708CFF9AB66AFDFEFDE7FD8E187E" box="[612,633,584,610]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
gonothecae.—KANACONO,
<collectorName id="26F6DED3FF9AB66AFC4FFDE8FBCD187D" box="[981,1082,583,609]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Stn. DW</collectorName>
4682, MNHN-IK-2019-2063: a
<quantity id="4CFB16E0FF9AB66AFF0DFDC4FF14189A" box="[151,227,619,646]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" unit="cm" value="3.2">3.2 cm</quantity>
high colony bearing presumably
<specimenCount id="9D05708CFF9AB66AFDC1FDC3FD87189A" box="[603,624,620,646]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
gonothecae
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7CEB8DFF9AB66AFF0DF83DFB411DEE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120692" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5120692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120692/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" startId="12.[151,250,1938,1962]" targetBox="[165,1423,676,1907]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BBCBB05FF9AB66AFF0DF83DFB411DEE" blockId="12.[151,1436,1938,2035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9AB66AFF0DF83DFEE21DB6" bold="true" box="[151,277,1938,1962]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C03C086FF9AB66AFE87F83CFE081DB6" authority="Galea" authorityName="Galea &amp; Maggioni" authorityYear="2021" box="[285,511,1938,1962]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Gonaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incisa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9AB66AFE87F83CFE4E1DB6" box="[285,441,1939,1962]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Gonaxia incisa</emphasis>
Galea
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A244DA6CFF9AB66AFD90F83DFDA91DB6" box="[522,606,1938,1962]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9AB66AFD90F83DFDA01DB6" bold="true" box="[522,599,1938,1962]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
A. Portion of colony. B. Hydrotheca seen laterally. C. Opercular apparatus seen frontally. D. Presumably male gonothecae. E. Presumably female gonothecae. From samples MNHN-IK-2015-2670 (A–C), MNHN-IK-2015-2680 (D) and MNHN-IK-2015-2681 (E). Scale bars: B, C = 300 µm; A, D, E = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7CEB8DFF9BB66BFF0DFF38FAD31AAC" box="[151,1316,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" startId="13.[151,239,151,175]">
<paragraph id="8BBCBB05FF9BB66BFF0DFF38FAD31AAC" blockId="13.[151,1316,151,176]" box="[151,1316,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFF0DFF38FEF41AB3" bold="true" box="[151,259,151,175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">TABLE 2</emphasis>
. Measurements of
<taxonomicName id="4C03C086FF9BB66BFE4AFF37FD4D1AB3" authority="Galea" authorityName="Galea &amp; Maggioni" authorityYear="2021" box="[464,698,151,175]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Gonaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incisa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFE4AFF37FD851AB3" box="[464,626,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Gonaxia incisa</emphasis>
Galea
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFD5EFF37FCED1AAC" bold="true" box="[708,794,152,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A244DA6CFF9BB66BFD5EFF37FCED1AAC" box="[708,794,152,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C03C086FF9BB66BFCD7FF37FB871AB3" authority="Galea" authorityName="Galea &amp; Maggioni" authorityYear="2021" box="[845,1136,151,175]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Gonaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solenoscyphoides" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFCD7FF37FBDE1AB3" box="[845,1065,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">G. solenoscyphoides</emphasis>
Galea
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFBE1FF37FB271AAC" bold="true" box="[1147,1232,152,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A244DA6CFF9BB66BFBE1FF37FB271AAC" box="[1147,1232,152,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBCBB05FF9BB66BFCFCFF10FAFE19EC" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<table id="F90349A5FF9B4999FF3CFF10FA9019EC" box="[166,1383,191,1008]" gridcols="3" gridrows="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<tr id="3533B947FF9B4999FF3CFF10FA901AE7" box="[166,1383,191,251]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FCFCFF10FC1E1AE7" box="[870,1001,191,251]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFCFCFF10FC401AE7" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<taxonomicName id="4C03C086FF9BB66BFCFCFF10FC341ACB" authority="Galea &amp; Maggioni, 2021" authorityName="Galea &amp; Maggioni" authorityYear="2021" box="[870,963,191,215]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Gonaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incisa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFCFCFF10FC341ACB" bold="true" box="[870,963,191,215]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">G. incisa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A244DA6CFF9BB66BFCFCFF4CFC401AE7" box="[870,951,227,251]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FB0EFF10FA901AE7" box="[1172,1383,191,251]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFB0EFF10FB121AE7" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<taxonomicName id="4C03C086FF9BB66BFB0EFF10FA901ACB" authority="Galea &amp; Maggioni, 2021" authorityName="Galea &amp; Maggioni" authorityYear="2021" box="[1172,1383,191,215]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Gonaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solenoscyphoides" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFB0EFF10FA901ACB" bold="true" box="[1172,1383,191,215]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">G. solenoscyphoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A244DA6CFF9BB66BFB0EFF4CFB121AE7" box="[1172,1253,227,251]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3533B947FF9B4999FF3CFEA4FA901B3F" box="[166,1383,267,291]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<th id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FF3CFEA4FA901B3F" box="[166,1383,267,291]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFF3CFEA4FF2A1B3F" bold="true" box="[166,221,267,291]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Stem</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3533B947FF9B4999FF3CFE9BFA901B50" box="[166,1383,308,332]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<th id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FF3CFE9BFD0C1B50" box="[166,763,308,332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">- internode length (= distance between 2 successive cladia)</th>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FCFCFE9BFC1E1B50" box="[870,1001,308,332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">1390–1715</td>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FB0EFE9BFA901B50" box="[1172,1383,308,332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFB0EFE9AFB5B1B50" box="[1172,1196,309,332]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">ca</emphasis>
. 2500–3000
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3533B947FF9B4999FF3CFEF3FA901B68" box="[166,1383,348,372]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<th id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FF3CFEF3FD0C1B68" box="[166,763,348,372]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">- diameter at “node”</th>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FCFCFEF3FC1E1B68" box="[870,1001,348,372]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">255–295</td>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FB0EFEF3FA901B68" box="[1172,1383,348,372]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">465–540</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3533B947FF9B4999FF3CFE2BFA901B80" box="[166,1383,388,412]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<th id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FF3CFE2BFD0C1B80" box="[166,763,388,412]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">- distance between 2 successive hydrothecae</th>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FCFCFE2BFC1E1B80" box="[870,1001,388,412]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">480–615</td>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FB0EFE2BFA901B80" box="[1172,1383,388,412]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">770–965</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3533B947FF9B4999FF3CFE03FA901BD8" box="[166,1383,428,452]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<th id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FF3CFE03FA901BD8" box="[166,1383,428,452]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFF3CFE03FF191BD8" bold="true" box="[166,238,428,452]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Cladia</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3533B947FF9B4999FF3CFE7BFA901BF1" box="[166,1383,468,493]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<th id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FF3CFE7BFD0C1BF1" box="[166,763,468,493]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">- length of 1st internode</th>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FCFCFE7BFC1E1BF1" box="[870,1001,468,493]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">995–1035</td>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FB0EFE7BFA901BF1" box="[1172,1383,468,493]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">1335–1450</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3533B947FF9B4999FF3CFE52FA901809" box="[166,1383,509,533]" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<th id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FF3CFE52FD0C1809" box="[166,763,509,533]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">- length of regular internodes</th>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FCFCFE52FC1E1809" box="[870,1001,509,533]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">390–650</td>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FB0EFE52FA901809" box="[1172,1383,509,533]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">675–820</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3533B947FF9B4999FF3CFD8AFA901821" box="[166,1383,549,573]" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<th id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FF3CFD8AFD0C1821" box="[166,763,549,573]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">- diameter at “node”</th>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FCFCFD8AFC1E1821" box="[870,1001,549,573]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">200–270</td>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FB0EFD8AFA901821" box="[1172,1383,549,573]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">445–560</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3533B947FF9B4999FF3CFDE2FA901879" box="[166,1383,589,613]" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<th id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FF3CFDE2FA901879" box="[166,1383,589,613]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFF3CFDE2FE771879" bold="true" box="[166,384,589,613]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Cladial hydrothecae</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3533B947FF9B4999FF3CFDD9FA901892" box="[166,1383,630,654]" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<th id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FF3CFDD9FD0C1892" box="[166,763,630,654]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">- free adaxial wall, length</th>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FCFCFDD9FC1E1892" box="[870,1001,630,654]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">785–885</td>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FB0EFDD9FA901892" box="[1172,1383,630,654]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">890–1060</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3533B947FF9B4999FF3CFD31FA9018AA" box="[166,1383,670,694]" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<th id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FF3CFD31FD0C18AA" box="[166,763,670,694]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">- adnate adaxial wall, length</th>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FCFCFD31FC1E18AA" box="[870,1001,670,694]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">245–270</td>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FB0EFD31FA9018AA" box="[1172,1383,670,694]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">500–600</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3533B947FF9B4999FF3CFD69FA9018C2" box="[166,1383,710,734]" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<th id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FF3CFD69FD0C18C2" box="[166,763,710,734]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">- abaxial wall, length</th>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FCFCFD69FC1E18C2" box="[870,1001,710,734]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">810–935</td>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FB0EFD69FA9018C2" box="[1172,1383,710,734]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">1080–1225</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3533B947FF9B4999FF3CFD41FA90191A" box="[166,1383,750,774]" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<th id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FF3CFD41FD0C191A" box="[166,763,750,774]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">- width immediately above origin from internode</th>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FCFCFD41FC1E191A" box="[870,1001,750,774]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">195–220</td>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FB0EFD41FA90191A" box="[1172,1383,750,774]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">465–490</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3533B947FF9B4999FF3CFCB8FA901933" box="[166,1383,791,815]" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<th id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FF3CFCB8FD0C1933" box="[166,763,791,815]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">- diameter at aperture</th>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FCFCFCB8FC1E1933" box="[870,1001,791,815]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">245–260</td>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FB0EFCB8FA901933" box="[1172,1383,791,815]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">395–415</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3533B947FF9B4999FF3CFC91FA90194A" box="[166,1383,830,854]" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<th id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FF3CFC91FA90194A" box="[166,1383,830,854]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFF3CFC91FED1194A" bold="true" box="[166,294,830,854]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Gonothecae</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3533B947FF9B4999FF3CFCC8FA9019BF" box="[166,1383,871,931]" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<th id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FF3CFCC8FD0C19BF" box="[166,763,871,931]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">- maximum width</th>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FCFCFCC8FC1E19BF" box="[870,1001,871,931]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">465–485 (♂) 580–630 (♀)</td>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FB0EFCC8FA9019BF" box="[1172,1383,871,931]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
unknown
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFB0EFC23FB5B19BF" box="[1172,1196,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">ca</emphasis>
. 1000 (♀)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3533B947FF9B4999FF3CFC1CFA9019EC" box="[166,1383,947,1008]" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<th id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FF3CFC1CFD0C19EC" box="[166,763,947,1008]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">- diameter at aperture</th>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FCFCFC1CFC1E19EC" box="[870,1001,947,1008]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">190–200 (♂) 310–340 (♀)</td>
<td id="76E2D03BFF9B4999FB0EFC1CFA9019EC" box="[1172,1383,947,1008]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
unknown
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFB0EFC77FB5B19F3" box="[1172,1196,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">ca</emphasis>
. 580 (♀)
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C319E88EFF9BB66BFF5DFBB0FDF11E41" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BBCBB05FF9BB66BFF5DFBB0FDF11E41" blockId="13.[151,1437,1055,2018]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFF5DFBB0FEBF1E25" bold="true" box="[199,328,1055,1081]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Etymology</emphasis>
. From Latin
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFE7CFBB0FDC31E25" box="[486,564,1055,1081]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">incîsus</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFDDEFB8FFDAC1E25" box="[580,603,1056,1081]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">-a</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFDF7FB8FFD6F1E25" box="[621,664,1056,1081]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">-um</emphasis>
, meaning notched or incised, to describe the shape of the adaxial, proximal part of its hydrothecae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319E88EFF9BB668FF5DFBC8FD0F1AE5" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBCBB05FF9BB668FF5DFBC8FD0F1AE5" blockId="13.[151,1437,1055,2018]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,466]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFF5DFBC8FEA61E9D" bold="true" box="[199,337,1127,1153]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Description</emphasis>
. Colonies firmly anchored to hard substrates be means of dense, rhizoid stolons; erect, up to
<quantity id="4CFB16E0FF9BB66BFAFFFBC8FA6B1E9E" box="[1381,1436,1127,1154]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
high, of rigid appearance, able to support themselves when out of liquid. Stems brownish, unbranched, fascicled for most of their length, proximally
<quantity id="4CFB16E0FF9BB66BFDA9FB00FD811ED6" box="[563,630,1199,1226]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
thick, distal tip monosiphonic; main tube with smooth perisarc; accessory tubes tortuous, anastomosed, with wrinkled perisarc; division into internodes indistinct, but equivalents of internodes comprising three alternating hydrothecae and a short cladial apophysis given off laterally below the distalmost hydrotheca, the latter becoming axillar; an ovoid fenestra below the base of each axillar hydrotheca; stem “internodes” slightly geniculate, each cladial apophysis introducing a bend along the longitudinal axis of the stem. Cladia up to
<quantity id="4CFB16E0FF9BB66BFEBDFACCFE811F62" box="[295,374,1379,1406]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
long, straight, straw-colored, alternate along the stem, strictly coplanar, always monosiphonic, and generally unbranched; a distinct constriction at junction between cladium and the corresponding stem apophysis; cladial nodes indistinct, except for the proximal-most that is distinctly longer; equivalents of internodes short, gradually widening distally, and there bearing a hydrotheca; up to 30 hydrothecae arranged in two alternate, strictly coplanar rows. Hydrothecae similar on both stem and cladia; long, tubular,
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFC62FA5BFBE51C11" box="[1016,1042,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">ca</emphasis>
. 1/6 adnate to their corresponding internodes, given off at
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFE3AF9B7FE4D1C2D" box="[416,442,1560,1585]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">ca</emphasis>
. 60° with their longitudinal axes; free adaxial wall distinctly notched immediately above origin from internode, then straight throughout; adnate adaxial wall thick, slightly arched, basally forming a short perisarc plug projecting abaxially into the lumen of internode; floor of hydrotheca incomplete, formed adaxially by this perisarc plug and, on the abaxial side, by an internal, upward projection of the perisarc at the origin of the abaxial hydrothecal wall; the latter with a slight proximal concavity, and straight for most of its remaining length. Hydrothecal aperture almost triangular in frontal view; margin with three, slightly raised, obtuse, triangular cusps (two latero-adaxial, one abaxial) separated by wide, shallow embayments; opercular apparatus composed of three similar triangular flaps, one adaxial and two latero-abaxial, forming a low, pointed roof when closed; hydranths with
<emphasis id="B9776717FF9BB66BFF55F897FF1E1D4D" box="[207,233,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">ca</emphasis>
. 14–16 filiform tentacles surrounding a dome-shaped hypostome; abaxial caecum absent. Gonothecae borne on middle and upper parts of the stems; given off from the accessory tubes of the caulus and, consequently, adnate proximally, often forming a median, longitudinal row on both the front and back sides of the stem; when two or more accessory tubes give rise to neighboring gonothecae, the latter are shifted on alternately left and right; gonotheca tubular, tapering distally into an upwardly-bent neck region bearing distally a rounded aperture set transversely; perisarc thick and generally smooth, though distal undulations could be noted in certain gonothecae. Colonies dioecious; gonothecae sexually dimorphic, although their differences are only slight: female gonothecae appear broader and have wider apertures than their male counterparts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319E88EFF98B668FF5DFEACFC6A1BCE" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBCBB05FF98B668FF5DFEACFB481B5D" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,466]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF98B668FF5DFEACFEC31B01" bold="true" box="[199,308,259,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Remarks</emphasis>
. The large-sized, long, straight, tubular, barely-adnate, basally-notched hydrothecae, with free adaxial walls not adjacent proximally to the following internode, are distinctive within the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBCBB05FF98B668FF5DFEE4FA901BB1" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,466]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Although the cladia are generally unbranched, occasional exceptions occur (as noted in sample MNHN-IK- 2015-2670): 1) a second-order cladium is given off laterally by means of a short apophysis from below one of the cladial hydrothecae; 2) an evidently aberrant secondary cladium is given off from within a cladial hydrotheca.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBCBB05FF98B668FF5DFE19FC6A1BCE" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,466]" box="[199,925,438,466]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF98B668FF5DFE19FE0F1BCC" bold="true" box="[199,504,438,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Bathymetric distribution.</emphasis>
Between
<quantity id="4CFB16E0FF98B668FDF2FE18FD101BCD" box="[616,743,439,465]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4799999999999995" metricValueMax="8.059999999999999" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="m" value="548.0" valueMax="806.0" valueMin="290.0">290–806 m</quantity>
(present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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