974 lines
114 KiB
XML
974 lines
114 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8E763542591FF2F477C6AEF773165ACE">The “ Cobra-preta ” of São Tomé Island, Gulf of Guinea, is a new species of Naja Laurenti, 1768 (Squamata: Elapidae)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D27F851E6FDF9FF23" bold="true" box="[151,565,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Naja (Boulengerina) peroescobari</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2494D38456C0A3D255351E9FD55FF20" box="[572,665,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BB12C51456C0A3D27F851CBFF35FF41" blockId="9.[151,665,151,211]" box="[151,249,186,211]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
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<figureCitation id="133530D4456C0A3D27F851CBFF35FF41" box="[151,249,186,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1220,1242]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,250,1502,1524]" captionTargetBox-0="[169,1426,494,1189]" captionTargetBox-1="[358,1228,195,1480]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[151,1436,481,1199]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[358,1228,195,1480]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Naja (Boulengerina) peroescobari sp. nov. (MUHNAC / MB 03 – 001065)." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Live picture of Naja (Boulengerina) peroescobari sp nov. from near Santa Josefina. Specimen not collected. Photo by Tiziano Pisoni." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/997111/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/997113/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Figs 4–5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1E0B7F456C0A3D27F85072FCEBFE8A" box="[151,807,258,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D27F85072FF36FE8A" baseAuthorityName="Hallowell" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[151,250,258,280]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haje">
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<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D27F85072FF36FE8A" box="[151,250,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Naja haje</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF0A40456C0A3D26685073FE69FE8A" author="Greef" box="[263,421,258,280]" page="47" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" year="1884">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456C0A3D26685073FEB3FE8A" author="Greef" box="[263,383,258,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" refString="Greef, R. (1884) Ueber die Fauna der Guinea-Inseln S. Thome und Rolas. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft zur Beforderung der gesammten Naturwissenschaften zu Marburg, 1884 (2), 41 - 80." type="journal article" year="1884">Greef 1884</bibRefCitation>
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: 47
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF0A40456C0A3D26C05072FD92FE8A" author="Bocage" box="[431,606,258,280]" page="69" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" year="1886">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456C0A3D26C05072FDF4FE8A" author="Bocage" box="[431,568,258,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" refString="Bocage, J. V. B. (1886) Reptis e Amphibios de S. Thome. Jornal das Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes, 11 (42), 65 - 70." type="journal article" year="1886">Bocage 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 69
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF0A40456C0A3D25075072FCECFE8A" author="Bocage" box="[616,800,258,280]" page="24" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" year="1895">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456C0A3D25075072FD30FE8A" author="Bocage" box="[616,764,258,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" refString="Bocage, J. V. B. (1895) A doninha de Sao Tome. Jornal das Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes, Segunda Serie, 4 (13), 24 - 27." type="journal article" year="1895" yearSuffix="a">Bocage 1895a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 24
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB12C51456C0A3D27F85053FC66FEA5" blockId="9.[151,1436,258,464]" box="[151,938,289,311]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1E0B7F456C0A3D27F85053FC66FEA5" box="[151,938,289,311]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D27F85053FEAFFEA5" box="[151,355,289,311]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="haje" variety="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D27F85053FF36FEA5" box="[151,250,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Naja haje</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D26435053FEAFFEA5" box="[300,355,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">nigra</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF0A40456C0A3D261F5050FDD3FEA5" author="Bocage" box="[368,543,289,311]" page="51" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" year="1866">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456C0A3D261F5050FE36FEA5" author="Bocage" box="[368,506,289,311]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" refString="Bocage, J. V. B. (1866) Lista dos reptis das possessoes portuguesas d'Africa ocidental que existem no Museu de Lisboa. Jornal das Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes, 1 (1), 37 - 56." type="journal article" year="1866">Bocage 1866</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 51
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; 1879: 87; 1889: 34;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF0A40456C0A3D25975050FC6FFEA5" author="Vieira" box="[760,931,289,311]" page="237" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" year="1886">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456C0A3D25975050FCBEFEA5" author="Vieira" box="[760,882,289,311]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" refString="Vieira, L. (1886) Noticia acerca dos productos zoologicos trazidos da ilha de S. Thome para o Muzeu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra pelo Sr. Adolpho F. Moller, em 1885. O Instituto, 34, 235 - 241." type="journal article" year="1886">Vieira 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 237
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB12C51456C0A3D27F85030FD72FEC4" blockId="9.[151,1436,258,464]" box="[151,702,320,342]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D27F85030FE61FEC4" authorityName="Hallowell" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,429,320,342]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="haje" variety="melanoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D27F85030FF36FEC4" box="[151,250,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Naja haje</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D26435031FE61FEC4" box="[300,429,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">melanoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bedriaga 1982: 299, 440)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BB12C51456C0A3D27F85011FEB2FE01" blockId="9.[151,1436,258,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1E0B7F456C0A3D27F85011FEB2FE01" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D27F85011FE9DFEE6" authorityName="Hallowell" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,337,350,373]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleuca">
|
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<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D27F85011FE9DFEE6" box="[151,337,350,373]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Naja melanoleuca</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF0A40456C0A3D260E502FFDD8FEE6" author="Bocage" box="[353,532,350,372]" page="94" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" year="1905">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456C0A3D260E502FFE20FEE6" author="Bocage" box="[353,492,350,372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" refString="Bocage, J. V. B. (1905) Contribution a la Faune des quatre iles du golfe de Guinee (suite). Jornal das Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes, Segunda Serie, 7, 65 - 96." type="journal article" year="1905">Bocage 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 94
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF0A40456C0A3D254E502EFD22FEE6" author="Manacas" box="[545,750,350,372]" page="228" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" year="1973">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456C0A3D254E502EFD75FEE6" author="Manacas" box="[545,697,350,372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" refString="Manacas, S. (1973) Alguns dos anfibios e repteis da provincia de S. Tome e Principe. In: Anonymous. Livro de Homenagem ao Prof. Fernando Frade. Junta Investigacao do Ultramar, Lisboa, pp. 219 - 230." type="book chapter" year="1973">Manaças 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 228
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF0A40456C0A3D2595502FFC44FEE6" author="Nill" box="[762,904,350,372]" page="71" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" year="1993">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456C0A3D2595502FFCACFEE6" author="Nill" box="[762,864,350,372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" refString="Nill, T. (1993) Die Schlangen der Insel Sao Tome (Golf von Guinea) (Reptilia: Serpentes). Faunistische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 19 (7), 71 - 73." type="journal article" year="1993">Nill 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 71
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF0A40456C0A3D24FB502FFBFAFEE6" author="Hofer" box="[916,1078,350,372]" page="78" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" year="2002">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456C0A3D24FB502FFBC3FEE6" author="Hofer" box="[916,1039,350,372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" refString="Hofer, D. (2002) The Sao Tome and Principe Handbook. D. Hofer Verlag, Bern, 152 pp." type="book" year="2002">Hofer 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 78
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 89;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF0A40456C0A3D2305502FFA5BFEE6" author="Schatti" box="[1130,1431,350,372]" page="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456C0A3D2305502FFABCFEE6" author="Schatti" box="[1130,1392,350,372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" refString="Schatti, B. & Loumont, C. (1992) Ein Beitrag zur Herpetofauna von Sao Tome (Golf von Guinea) (Amphibia et Reptilia). Zoologische Abhandlungen des Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 47 (1), 23 - 36." type="journal article" year="1992">Schatti & Loumont 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 31
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF0A40456C0A3D27A8500CFEBAFE01" author="Themido" box="[199,374,381,403]" page="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" year="1941">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456C0A3D27A8500CFE93FE01" author="Themido" box="[199,351,381,403]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" refString="Themido, A. A. (1941) Repteis e batraquios das colonias portuguesas. Memorias e Estudos do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, 119, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1941">Themido 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 6
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB12C51456C0A3D27F850ECFC6FFE20" blockId="9.[151,1436,258,464]" box="[151,931,412,434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1E0B7F456C0A3D27F850ECFC6FFE20" box="[151,931,412,434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D27F850ECFE1BFE20" authority="melanoleuca" box="[151,471,412,434]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="melanoleuca" subSpecies="melanoleuca">
|
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<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D27F850ECFE1BFE20" box="[151,471,412,434]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Naja melanoleuca melanoleuca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF0A40456C0A3D268B50EDFD06FE20" author="Capocaccia" box="[484,714,412,434]" page="299" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" year="1961">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456C0A3D268B50EDFD54FE20" author="Capocaccia" box="[484,664,412,434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" refString="Capocaccia, L. (1961) Contributo allo studio dei serpenti delle isole del Golfo di Guinea. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale " Giacomo Doria, " 72, 285 - 309." type="journal article" year="1961">Capocaccia 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 299
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF0A40456C0A3D25BB50ECFC50FE20" author="Manacas" box="[724,924,412,434]" page="190" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" year="1958">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456C0A3D25BB50ECFCA7FE20" author="Manacas" box="[724,875,412,434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" refString="Manacas, S. (1958) Anfibios e Repteis das ilhas de Sao Tome e do Principe e do Ilheo das Rolas. In: Anonymous. Conferencia Internacional dos Africanistas Ocidentais, Vol IV, Junta Investigacao do Ultramar, Lisboa, pp. 179 - 192." type="book chapter" year="1958">Manaças 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 190
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB12C51456C0A3D27F850CAFCC0FE42" blockId="9.[151,1436,258,464]" box="[151,780,442,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1E0B7F456C0A3D27F850CAFCC0FE42" box="[151,780,442,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D27F850CAFE83FE42" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,335,442,464]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Naia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D27F850CAFE83FE42" box="[151,335,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Naia melanoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF0A40456C0A3D260C50CBFDF1FE42" author="Boulenger" box="[355,573,442,464]" page="215" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" year="1906">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456C0A3D260C50CBFDC6FE42" author="Boulenger" box="[355,522,442,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1906) Report on the reptiles collected by the late L. Fea in West Africa. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 3 (2), 196 - 216." type="journal article" year="1906">Boulenger 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 215
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF0A40456C0A3D252750CBFCC9FE42" author="Ferreira" box="[584,773,442,464]" page="133" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" year="1902">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456C0A3D252750CBFD18FE42" author="Ferreira" box="[584,724,442,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" refString="Ferreira, J. B. (1902) Lista dos Reptis e Batrachios da coleccao do Sr. Newton. Jornal das Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes, Segunda Serie, 6, 281 - 284." type="journal article" year="1902">Ferreira 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 133
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3147FDA456C0A3D27F8508CFEE2FBA0" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB12C51456C0A3D27F8508CFC84FD34" blockId="9.[151,1437,509,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D27F8508CFEC7FD84" bold="true" box="[151,267,509,534]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B592F3456C0A3D27F8508CFECAFD84" box="[151,262,509,534]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FB494456C0A3D267C508CFE5EFD84" box="[275,402,509,534]" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/swdk-a9xe" name="Museu Nacional de Historia Natural e de CI<43>ncia" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">MUHNAC</collectionCode>
|
||
/MB03–001065 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133530D4456C0A3D253E508CFD5BFD84" box="[593,663,509,534]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1220,1242]" captionTargetBox="[169,1426,494,1189]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,481,1199]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Naja (Boulengerina) peroescobari sp. nov. (MUHNAC / MB 03 – 001065)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/997111/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), adult male collected in the vicinity of Praia Inhame (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456C0A3D226A508CFA54FD87" box="[1285,1432,509,534]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" precision="1" value="0.028636">0.028636° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456C0A3D27F85350FEEFFDAB" box="[151,291,545,570]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" precision="1" value="6.523203">6.523203° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, WGS-84;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456C0A3D26F05350FE14FDAB" box="[415,472,545,569]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="17.0">17 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAE2B3456C0A3D25F05350FCC2FDAB" box="[671,782,545,569]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" name="Sao Tome" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3196CC1456C0A3D25F05350FCC2FDAB" box="[671,782,545,569]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">São Tomé</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
Island, Republic of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3196CC1456C0A3D249F5350FB15FDA8" box="[1008,1241,545,570]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAE2B3456C0A3D249F5350FB93FDAB" box="[1008,1119,545,569]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" name="Sao Tome" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">São Tomé</collectingRegion>
|
||
e
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAE2B3456C0A3D23165350FB15FDA8" box="[1145,1241,545,570]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" name="Principe" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Príncipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
, by Luis Ceríaco, Mariana Marques and Ana
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D26A75334FDBEFDCC" authority="Sousa" authorityName="Sousa" box="[456,626,581,606]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Carolina Sousa</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFB00A91456C0A3D25F45337FCA9FDCC" box="[667,869,581,606]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" value="2016-02-24">24 February 2016</date>
|
||
. The specimen was chopped in half by a local man with a machete, and collected minutes after this event. The choice of this particular specimen as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B592F3456C0A3D22735318FAB2FD10" box="[1308,1406,617,642]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is justified as it is the source of the comparative molecular data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB12C51456C0A3D27A853C0FEE2FBA0" blockId="9.[151,1437,509,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B66260C456C0A3D27A853C0FB27FC80" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1656006140" ID-GBIF-Specimen="1968155175" collectingDate="1972-12-24" collectionCode="IICT" country="Sao Tome and Principe" county="All" elevation="17" httpUri="https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1968155175" latitude="0.090278" location="Republic of Sao Tome" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="6.615278" municipality="Island of Sao Tome" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" specimenCode="IICT 18-1972" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Tome" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D27A853C0FE8AFD58" bold="true" box="[199,326,689,714]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B592F3456C0A3D27A853C0FE8DFD58" box="[199,321,689,714]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62D054DD456C0A3D262353C0FEBCFD58" box="[332,368,689,714]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">All</collectingCounty>
|
||
specimens from the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD5B62B456C0A3D253653C0FCF9FD58" box="[601,821,689,714]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
Island of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAE2B3456C0A3D25AD53C3FCF9FD58" box="[706,821,690,714]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" name="Sao Tome" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">São Tomé</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ED17A8A456C0A3D242F53C0FBF6FD58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A79D47456C0A3927F851E6FB83FDF2:8ED17A8A456C0A3D242F53C0FBF6FD58" box="[832,1082,689,714]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" county="All" latitude="0.090278" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="6.615278" municipality="Island of Sao Tome" name="Republic of Sao Tome" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" stateProvince="Sao Tome">
|
||
Republic of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAE2B3456C0A3D24A453C3FBF6FD58" box="[971,1082,690,714]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" name="Sao Tome" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3196CC1456C0A3D24A453C3FBF6FD58" box="[971,1082,690,714]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">São Tomé</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
</location>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAE2B3456C0A3D231E53C0FB1EFD58" box="[1137,1234,689,714]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" name="Principe" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Príncipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Eight specimens:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA8842A456C0A3D27F853A7FEF9FD7C" box="[151,309,726,750]" collectionCode="IICT" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/trqr-ythd" name="Centro de Zoologia do I.I.C.T." pageId="9" pageNumber="130">IICT 18-1972</specimenCode>
|
||
, adult male collected in
|
||
<location id="8ED17A8A456C0A3D252853A4FD13FD7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A79D47456C0A3927F851E6FB83FDF2:8ED17A8A456C0A3D252853A4FD13FD7C" box="[583,735,725,750]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" county="All" latitude="0.090278" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="6.615278" municipality="Island of Sao Tome" name="Ribeira Peixe" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" stateProvince="Sao Tome">Ribeira Peixe</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456C0A3D258153A7FC4CFD7F" box="[750,896,726,750]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" precision="1" value="0.090278">0.090278° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456C0A3D24E453A4FBDBFD7F" box="[907,1047,725,750]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" precision="1" value="6.615278">6.615278° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, this and all following coordinates use map datum WGS-84;
|
||
<elevation id="0023CB62456C0A3D26AE538BFD79FC80" box="[449,693,761,786]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="17.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456C0A3D26AE538BFE30FC83" box="[449,508,762,786]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="17.0">17 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
) by an unknown collector on
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF4F379456C0A3D2360538BFB27FC80" box="[1039,1259,761,786]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" value="1972-12-24">
|
||
<date id="FFB00A91456C0A3D2360538BFB27FC80" box="[1039,1259,761,786]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" value="1972-12-24">24 December 1972</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B66260C456C0A3D2396538BFE9BFCC8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1656006141" ID-GBIF-Specimen="1968155175" collectingDate="1967-10" collectionCode="IICT" country="Sao Tome and Principe" elevation="69" httpUri="https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1968155175" latitude="0.247882" location="Santa Josefina" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="6.738315" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" specimenCode="IICT 20-1967" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Tome" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA8842A456C0A3D2396538BFA54FC80" box="[1273,1432,761,786]" collectionCode="IICT" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/trqr-ythd" name="Centro de Zoologia do I.I.C.T." pageId="9" pageNumber="130">IICT 20-1967</specimenCode>
|
||
, adult female collected in
|
||
<location id="8ED17A8A456C0A3D26C0526FFD9CFCA4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A79D47456C0A3927F851E6FB83FDF2:8ED17A8A456C0A3D26C0526FFD9CFCA4" box="[431,592,797,822]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" latitude="0.247882" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="6.738315" name="Santa Josefina" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" stateProvince="Sao Tome">Santa Josefina</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456C0A3D2531526FFD22FCA7" box="[606,750,798,822]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" precision="1" value="0.247882">0.247882° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456C0A3D2596526CFC49FCA7" box="[761,901,797,822]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" precision="1" value="6.738315">6.738315° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<elevation id="0023CB62456C0A3D24FF526CFBB6FCA4" box="[912,1146,797,822]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="69.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456C0A3D24FF526CFC05FCA7" box="[912,969,797,822]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="69.0">69 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
) by an unknown collector on
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF4F379456C0A3D27D55230FE9BFCC8" box="[186,343,833,858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" value="1967-10">
|
||
<date id="FFB00A91456C0A3D27D55230FE9BFCC8" box="[186,343,833,858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" value="1967-10">October 1967</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B66260C456C0A3D260C5233FE44FCEC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1656006143" collectingDate="1966-02-20" collectionCode="IICT" country="Sao Tome and Principe" location="Sao Tome" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" specimenCode="IICT 2-1966" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Tome" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA8842A456C0A3D260C5233FE3FFCC8" box="[355,499,833,858]" collectionCode="IICT" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/trqr-ythd" name="Centro de Zoologia do I.I.C.T." pageId="9" pageNumber="130">IICT 2-1966</specimenCode>
|
||
, adult female, without specific locality (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAE2B3456C0A3D24D75233FBE6FCC8" box="[952,1066,834,858]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" name="Sao Tome" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3196CC1456C0A3D24D75233FBE6FCC8" box="[952,1066,834,858]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">São Tomé</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
island) by an unknown collector on
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF4F379456C0A3D27D45217FE44FCEC" box="[187,392,869,894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" value="1966-02-20">
|
||
<date id="FFB00A91456C0A3D27D45217FE44FCEC" box="[187,392,869,894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" value="1966-02-20">20 February 1966</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B66260C456C0A3D26FC5217FE64FC30" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1656006142" collectionCode="ZMH" collectorName="Carl Weiss" country="Sao Tome and Principe" location="Sao Tome" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Tome" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FB494456C0A3D26FC5217FE1DFCEF" box="[403,465,870,893]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">ZMH</collectionCode>
|
||
R10526, unsexed adult, without specific locality (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAE2B3456C0A3D23635217FBB3FCEC" box="[1036,1151,870,894]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" name="Sao Tome" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3196CC1456C0A3D23635217FBB3FCEC" box="[1036,1151,870,894]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">São Tomé</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
island) collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26FB4987456C0A3D22035214FF15FC30" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Carl Weiss</collectorName>
|
||
in the late 1840s
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B66260C456C0A3D26D952FBFE10FC54" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1656006138" collectionCode="ZMH" collectorName="Richard Greef" country="Sao Tome and Principe" location="Sao Tome" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Tome" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1FB494456C0A3D26D952FBFE38FC33" box="[438,500,906,929]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">ZMH</collectionCode>
|
||
R10527, unsexed adult, without specific locality (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAE2B3456C0A3D235352FBFB7DFC30" box="[1084,1201,906,930]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" name="Sao Tome" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3196CC1456C0A3D235352FBFB7DFC30" box="[1084,1201,906,930]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">São Tomé</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
island) collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26FB4987456C0A3D27F852DCFEF5FC54" box="[151,313,941,966]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Richard Greef</collectorName>
|
||
in 1879/1880
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B66260C456C0A3D268552DFFB40FC78" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1656006139" collectingDate="1991-04-03" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Sao Tome and Principe" elevation="75" latitude="0.156881" location="Rio Angra Toldo" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="6.668792" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" specimenCode="MHNG 2518.41, MHNG 2518.42" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Tome" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA8842A456C0A3D268552DFFD68FC54" box="[490,676,941,966]" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">MHNG 2518.41</specimenCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA8842A456C0A3D258F52DFFC51FC54" box="[736,925,941,966]" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">MHNG 2518.42</specimenCode>
|
||
, both unsexed adults collected in
|
||
<location id="8ED17A8A456C0A3D224A52DCFF14FC78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A79D47456C0A3927F851E6FB83FDF2:8ED17A8A456C0A3D224A52DCFF14FC78" country="Sao Tome and Principe" latitude="0.156881" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="6.668792" name="Rio Angra Toldo" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" stateProvince="Sao Tome">Rio Angra Toldo</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456C0A3D278652A0FEBFFC7B" box="[233,371,977,1002]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" precision="1" value="0.156881">0.156881 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456C0A3D26EE52A0FDDCFC7B" box="[385,528,977,1002]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" precision="1" value="6.668792">6.668792° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<elevation id="0023CB62456C0A3D257152A0FCDFFC78" box="[542,787,977,1002]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="75.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456C0A3D257152A0FD95FC7B" box="[542,601,977,1002]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="75.0">75 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
) by Tilman Nill in
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF4F379456C0A3D249952A3FB40FC78" box="[1014,1164,977,1002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" value="1991-04-03">
|
||
<date id="FFB00A91456C0A3D249952A3FB40FC78" box="[1014,1164,977,1002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" value="1991-04-03">3 April 1991</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B66260C456C0A3D23F552A3FEE6FBA0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1656006144" ID-GBIF-Specimen="1968155175" collectingDate="1989-08-08" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Sao Tome and Principe" elevation="281" httpUri="https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1968155175" latitude="0.353192" location="Neves" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="6.634972" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" specimenCode="MHNG 2462.43" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Tome" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA8842A456C0A3D23F552A3FA9BFC78" box="[1178,1367,977,1002]" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">MHNG 2462.43</specimenCode>
|
||
, adult male collected in the environs of
|
||
<location id="8ED17A8A456C0A3D257F5287FD9AFB9F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A79D47456C0A3927F851E6FB83FDF2:8ED17A8A456C0A3D257F5287FD9AFB9F" box="[528,598,1014,1037]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" latitude="0.353192" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="6.634972" name="Neves" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" stateProvince="Sao Tome">Neves</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456C0A3D25095284FD23FB9F" box="[614,751,1013,1038]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" precision="1" value="0.353192">0.353192 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456C0A3D25945284FC45FB9F" box="[763,905,1013,1038]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" precision="1" value="6.634972">6.634972° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<elevation id="0023CB62456C0A3D24FA5287FB5EFB9C" box="[917,1170,1013,1038]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.81" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="281.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456C0A3D24FA5287FC11FB9F" box="[917,989,1014,1038]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.81" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="281.0">281 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
) by Heft and Fahr on
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF4F379456C0A3D22E15287FEE6FBA0" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" value="1989-08-08">
|
||
<date id="FFB00A91456C0A3D22E15287FEE6FBA0" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" value="1989-08-08">8 August 1989</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3147FDA456C0A3D27A8554CFA51F870" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB12C51456C0A3D27A8554CFC5DF94C" blockId="9.[151,1437,509,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D27A8554CFE8DFBC4" bold="true" box="[199,321,1085,1110]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D2626554FFDD7FBC4" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="2017" box="[329,539,1085,1110]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peroescobari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D2626554FFDD7FBC4" box="[329,539,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Naja peroescobari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is placed in the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D2427554CFC2DFBC4" authorityName="Dollo" authorityYear="1886" box="[840,993,1085,1110]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Boulengerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D2427554CFC2DFBC4" box="[840,993,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Boulengerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456C0A3D23FE554CFABCFBC4" author="Wallach" box="[1169,1392,1085,1110]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" refString="Wallach, V., Wuster, W. & Broadley, D. G. (2009) In praise of subgenera: taxonomic status of cobras of the genus Naja Laurenti (Serpentes: Elapidae). Zootaxa, 2236, 26 - 36." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Wallach
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D239A554FFAE2FBC4" box="[1269,1326,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) on the basis of having 2–4 maxillary teeth, the penultimate supralabial height reaching eye level the combination of one preocular and one anterior temporal, rostral much broader than deep, internasals shorter than the prefrontals, dorsal scales smooth and fangs not modified for spitting. Morphologically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D236455DBFB0EFB50" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="2017" box="[1035,1218,1193,1218]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peroescobari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D236455DBFB0EFB50" box="[1035,1218,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">N. peroescobari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from other members of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D26AB55BCFD91FB74" authorityName="Dollo" authorityYear="1886" box="[452,605,1229,1254]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Boulengerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D26AB55BCFD91FB74" box="[452,605,1229,1254]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Boulengerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a combination of coloration and scalation patterns. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D22ED55BFFE5AFA98" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysti" subGenus="Boulengerina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D22ED55BFFA51FB77" box="[1410,1437,1230,1253]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">N.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D27CF5580FEF4FA98" box="[160,312,1265,1290]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Boulengerina</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D26255580FE5AFA98" box="[330,406,1265,1290]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">chrysti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having 19 dorsal scale rows (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456C0A3D24665583FC88FA98" box="[777,836,1265,1290]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" unit="in" value="17.0">17 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D24235580FC54FA98" box="[844,920,1265,1290]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D24235580FC54FA98" box="[844,920,1265,1290]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">chrysti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), three infralabials contacting the chinshields (four in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D27965464FE89FABC" box="[249,325,1301,1326]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D27965464FE89FABC" box="[249,325,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">chrysti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and by its homogeneous dark coloration (brownish in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D24B95464FBEEFABC" box="[982,1058,1301,1326]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D24B95464FBEEFABC" box="[982,1058,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">chrysti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D23525467FAB3FABC" box="[1085,1407,1301,1326]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysti" subGenus="Boulengerina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D23525467FBBFFABF" box="[1085,1139,1302,1325]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Naja</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D23E85464FAECFABC" box="[1159,1312,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Boulengerina</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D225C5464FAB3FABC" box="[1331,1407,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">chrysti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered to be strictly aquatic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456C0A3D25685448FD74FAC0" author="Chippaux" box="[519,696,1337,1362]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" refString="Chippaux, J. - P. (2006) Les serpents d'Afrique occidentale et centrale. Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), Paris, 311 pp., 16 pls." type="book" year="2006">Chippaux 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D2443544BFC13FAC0" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="2017" box="[812,991,1337,1362]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peroescobari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D2443544BFC13FAC0" box="[812,991,1337,1362]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">N. peroescobari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is mainly terrestrial. It also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D27F8542FFE02FAE4" box="[151,462,1373,1398]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulata" subGenus="Boulengerina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D27F8542FFF7DFAE7" box="[151,177,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">N.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D27AE542CFE96FAE4" box="[193,346,1373,1398]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Boulengerina</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D2605542CFE02FAE4" box="[362,462,1373,1398]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">annulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the lower number of dorsal scales (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456C0A3D24EF542FFC76FAE4" box="[896,954,1373,1398]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" unit="in" value="19.0">19 in</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D24AF542CFB6EFAE7" box="[960,1186,1373,1398]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D24AF542CFB9FFAE4" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="2017" box="[960,1107,1373,1398]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peroescobari">peroescobari</taxonomicName>
|
||
versus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456C0A3D23C7542FFAEDFAE4" box="[1192,1313,1373,1398]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" metricValueMax="6.35" metricValueMin="5.334" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" unit="in" value="23.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="21.0">21 to 25 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D2247542CFA40FAE4" box="[1320,1420,1373,1398]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D2247542CFA40FAE4" box="[1320,1420,1373,1398]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">annulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and by its coloration, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D26DF54F0FDD8FA08" box="[432,532,1409,1434]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D26DF54F0FDD8FA08" box="[432,532,1409,1434]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">annulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has between 21–23 dark bands (the first 3–5 simple, subsequent bands double) over a yellow or brown dorsum (contrasting with the homogeneous black of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D235654D4FB00FA2C" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="2017" box="[1081,1228,1445,1470]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peroescobari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D235654D4FB00FA2C" box="[1081,1228,1445,1470]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">peroescobari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the ventral coloration (uniformly dark brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D252A54B8FD65FA70" box="[581,681,1481,1506]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D252A54B8FD65FA70" box="[581,681,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">annulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D25D554BBFCCDFA73" box="[698,769,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">versus</emphasis>
|
||
white banded throat, followed by homogeneous black of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D27F8549CFEE6F994" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,298,1517,1542]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peroescobari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D27F8549CFEE6F994" box="[151,298,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">peroescobari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D262B549FFDDBF994" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="2017" box="[324,535,1517,1542]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peroescobari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D262B549FFDDBF994" box="[324,535,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Naja peroescobari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D25DC549FFBD2F994" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[691,1054,1517,1542]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciata" subGenus="Boulengerina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D25DC549FFD02F997" box="[691,718,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">N.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D258F549CFCB4F994" box="[736,888,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Boulengerina</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D24E3549CFBD2F994" box="[908,1054,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">multifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its size (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456C0A3D23C6549CFACDF997" box="[1193,1281,1517,1542]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" unit="cm" value="260.0">260 cm</quantity>
|
||
maximum in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D27F85760FEE6F9B8" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,298,1553,1578]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peroescobari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D27F85760FEE6F9B8" box="[151,298,1553,1578]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">peroescobari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
versus maximum total length reported for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D24455760FC70F9B8" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[810,956,1553,1578]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D24455760FC70F9B8" box="[810,956,1553,1578]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">multifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456C0A3D24A75760FBDAF9BB" box="[968,1046,1553,1578]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" unit="cm" value="76.0">76 cm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456C0A3D23495760FB16F9B8" author="Chippaux" box="[1062,1242,1553,1578]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" refString="Chippaux, J. - P. (2006) Les serpents d'Afrique occidentale et centrale. Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), Paris, 311 pp., 16 pls." type="book" year="2006">Chippaux 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), by having two postoculars (three in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D26E65744FDD7F9DC" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[393,539,1589,1614]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D26E65744FDD7F9DC" box="[393,539,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">multifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), in having 19 dorsal scale rows (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456C0A3D24CA5744FBC7F9DC" box="[933,1035,1589,1614]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" metricValueMax="4.318" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" unit="in" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15–17 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D237B5744FB6AF9DC" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[1044,1190,1589,1614]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D237B5744FB6AF9DC" box="[1044,1190,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">multifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), a higher number of subcaudals (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456C0A3D264D572BFE6CF9E0" box="[290,416,1625,1650]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.763" metricValueMax="9.906" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" unit="in" value="34.5" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="30.0">30 to 39 in</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D26C75728FD45F9E3" box="[424,649,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D26C75728FDF6F9E0" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[424,570,1625,1650]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciata">multifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
versus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456C0A3D25FD5728FCC3F9E0" box="[658,783,1625,1650]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5493999999999999" metricValueMax="1.778" metricValueMin="1.3208" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" unit="in" value="61.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="52.0">52 to 70 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D24785728FC66F9E0" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="2017" box="[791,938,1625,1650]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peroescobari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D24785728FC66F9E0" box="[791,938,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">peroescobari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), a higher number of ventral (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456C0A3D226C5728FA50F9E0" box="[1283,1436,1625,1650]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1655999999999995" metricValueMax="4.445" metricValueMin="3.8862" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" unit="in" value="164.0" valueMax="175.0" valueMin="153.0">153 to 175 in</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D27F8570CFEB4F907" box="[151,376,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D27F8570CFEE5F904" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[151,297,1661,1686]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciata">multifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
versus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456C0A3D26EF570FFDD4F904" box="[384,536,1661,1686]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3721" metricValueMax="5.461" metricValueMin="5.2832" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" unit="in" value="211.5" valueMax="215.0" valueMin="208.0">208 to 215 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D2570570CFD7EF904" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="2017" box="[543,690,1661,1686]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peroescobari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D2570570CFD7EF904" box="[543,690,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">peroescobari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and by its coloration (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D24AB570CFB9AF904" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[964,1110,1661,1686]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D24AB570CFB9AF904" box="[964,1110,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">multifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is uniformly light yellow on the ventral side, and the dorsal scales are yellow in the anterior part and black in the posterior, with a dark head, separated by the rest of the body by a white collar;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456C0A3D25BB57B4FC49F94C" author="Chippaux" box="[724,901,1733,1758]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" refString="Chippaux, J. - P. (2006) Les serpents d'Afrique occidentale et centrale. Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), Paris, 311 pp., 16 pls." type="book" year="2006">Chippaux 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB12C51456C0A3D27A8579BFA51F870" blockId="9.[151,1437,509,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D27A8579BFE57F890" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="2017" box="[199,411,1769,1794]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peroescobari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D27A8579BFE57F890" box="[199,411,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">Naja peroescobari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the more closely related West African
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D236C579BFB72F890" box="[1027,1214,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D236C579BFB76F890" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[1027,1210,1769,1794]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Naia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleuca">N. melanoleuca</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
with which it was formerly confused, having a combination of white and black bands, but the white bands are always confined to the first 22 ventral scales, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D25735643FD02F8D8" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[540,718,1841,1866]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Naia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D25735643FD02F8D8" box="[540,718,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">N. melanoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
these white bands extend throughout the first two thirds of the venter, usually between the 80th to the 100th scale (max. 125th scale, min. 50th scale; in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B592F3456C0A3D23E85628FB7BF8E3" box="[1159,1207,1881,1905]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series the last white ventral scale of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B592F3456C0A3D262756F1FE53F80A" box="[328,415,1920,1944]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
ANSP 6878 corresponds to the 81
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D244E560AFCA0F805" box="[801,876,1915,1943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="scale">st scale</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the other having it on the 83th (ANSP 6876), 86th (ANSP 6875) and 90th (ANSP 6879). This is even more evident when comparing the new species with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456C0A3D227E56D7FA59F82C" box="[1297,1429,1957,1982]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subvulva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D227E56D7FA59F82C" box="[1297,1429,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">N. subvulva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has whitish scales mottled with dark spots extending all across the venter. Also the dorsal coloration of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456C0A3D22ED56BAFA51F870" box="[1410,1437,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="130">N.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3147FDA456F0A3E27F851E6FF01FE3E" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB12C51456F0A3E27F851E6FF01FE3E" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456F0A3E27F851E6FEE6FF22" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,298,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peroescobari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456F0A3E27F851E6FEE6FF22" box="[151,298,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="131">peroescobari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is uniformly shiny black, never exhibiting the whithish/yellow markings of the dorsal neck area common in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456F0A3E264D51CCFE18FF47" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[290,468,188,213]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Naia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456F0A3E264D51CCFE18FF47" box="[290,468,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="131">N. melanoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In terms of scalation, the most striking difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456F0A3E23FF51CCFA8BFF47" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="2017" box="[1168,1351,188,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peroescobari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456F0A3E23FF51CCFA8BFF47" box="[1168,1351,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="131">N. peroescobari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456F0A3E22ED51CCFEEAFF6A" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Naia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456F0A3E22ED51CCFEEAFF6A" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="131">N. melanoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the contact of the posterior sublinguals. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456F0A3E24545190FC3DFF6A" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="2017" box="[827,1009,223,248]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peroescobari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456F0A3E24545190FC3DFF6A" box="[827,1009,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="131">N. peroescobari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the posterior chin shields are mostly never in contact due to the intrusion of a large scale between them, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456F0A3E23605074FB73FE8F" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[1039,1215,260,285]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Naia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456F0A3E23605074FB73FE8F" box="[1039,1215,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="131">N. melanoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
these are always in contact, either fully across their extent or at least in the anterior part (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456F0A3E24CA5056FA89FEF7" author="Meirte" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" refString="Meirte, D. (1992) Cles de determination des serpents d'Afrique. Annales Sciences Zoologiques, 267, 1 - 152." type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Meirte 1992 considered this character [
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456F0A3E220E5058FDD8FEF7" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="131">souslinguales postérieures se touchent</emphasis>
|
||
] as the way to differentiate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456F0A3E2420503CFC33FEF7" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[847,1023,332,357]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Naia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456F0A3E2420503CFC33FEF7" box="[847,1023,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="131">N. melanoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the key to African snakes
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These differences were already mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456F0A3E2530501EFCF8FE1A" author="Capocaccia" box="[607,820,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" refString="Capocaccia, L. (1961) Contributo allo studio dei serpenti delle isole del Golfo di Guinea. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale " Giacomo Doria, " 72, 285 - 309." type="journal article" year="1961">Capocaccia (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and are here confirmed with a larger sample of both taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF717CD9456F0A3E27F855B5FBB1FB48" box="[151,1149,1220,1243]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/997111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" targetBox="[169,1426,494,1189]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB12C51456F0A3E27F855B5FBB1FB48" blockId="10.[151,1149,1220,1243]" box="[151,1149,1220,1243]" pageId="10" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456F0A3E27F855B5FEDEFB48" bold="true" box="[151,274,1220,1242]" pageId="10" pageNumber="131">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456F0A3E26F655B7FD3AFB48" authority="Bauer, 2017" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="2017" box="[409,758,1220,1243]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peroescobari" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Boulengerina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456F0A3E26F655B7FE06FB49" box="[409,458,1222,1243]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="131">Naja</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456F0A3E26B655B5FDAFFB48" box="[473,611,1220,1242]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="131">Boulengerina</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456F0A3E251E55B5FD3AFB48" box="[625,758,1220,1242]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="131">peroescobari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2494D38456F0A3E259355B5FC81FB48" box="[764,845,1220,1242]" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456F0A3E259355B5FC81FB48" bold="true" box="[764,845,1220,1242]" pageId="10" pageNumber="131">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MUHNAC/MB03–001065).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3147FDA456F0A3F27A85473FB58FD62" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB12C51456F0A3F27A85473FF19FF46" blockId="10.[151,1437,1282,2027]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,1547]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="10" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456F0A3E27A85473FE20FA89" bold="true" box="[199,492,1282,1307]" pageId="10" pageNumber="131">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B592F3456F0A3E26115473FE2BFA89" box="[382,487,1282,1307]" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body dimensions: Snout-vent length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456F0A3E24C85473FBDBFA88" box="[935,1047,1282,1306]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" unit="mm" value="1700.0">1700 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456F0A3E23C95473FAC5FA88" box="[1190,1289,1282,1306]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" unit="mm" value="380.0">380 mm</quantity>
|
||
, dorsal head length (snout to end of parietal suture)
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456F0A3E25155454FD2AFAAC" box="[634,742,1317,1342]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.62" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" unit="mm" value="46.2">46.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, lateral head length (snout to posterior end of lower jaw articulation)
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456F0A3E2646543BFEB2FAF0" box="[297,382,1354,1379]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" unit="mm" value="61.0">61 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head width across supraocular
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456F0A3E2599543BFC93FAF0" box="[758,863,1354,1378]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.48" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" unit="mm" value="24.8">24.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, maximum overall width of head
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456F0A3E2385543BFA98FAF0" box="[1258,1364,1354,1379]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" unit="mm" value="45.5">45.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head broad, hearth-shaped from above. Eye moderate, diameter half the distance from mouth or from nostril. Body scalation: 208 ventrals, 66 subcaudals, all paired, anal scale entire, the intact tail terminates in a spine. Dorsal scale rows: 24 on the neck, 19 at midbody, 14 one head length ahead of vent. Head scalation: preoculars 1/1, postoculars 3/3, supralabials 7/7 the third and fourth of which contact the orbital rim, infralabials 8/8 of which the first three contact the anterior chin shields. Cuneate scale absent. Anterior temporals 1/1, posterior temporal 2/2. Two temporals and nuchals contact the lateral and posterior edges of parietals. Rostral 1.3 times wider than high, visible from above. Anterior chin shields adjacent to each other, posterior chin shields separated by one elongate scale. Nasal scale entirely divided into a prenasal and a postnasal scale by the large, vertically elongate nostril. Frontal slightly longer than wide (11.7
|
||
<date id="FFB00A91456F0A3E269257FEFDE3F934" box="[509,559,1678,1702]" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" value="2011-10">
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456F0A3E257B57FFFDE3F934" box="[532,559,1678,1702]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" unit="mm" value="11.0">11</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
mm), longer than distance from rostral (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456F0A3E236E57FFFBA7F934" box="[1025,1131,1678,1702]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" unit="mm" value="11.4">11.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
), shorter than supraoculars (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456F0A3E27F057C3FEC7F958" box="[159,267,1714,1738]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="10" pageNumber="131" unit="mm" value="14.2">14.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
), widest along anterior edge; shape pentagonal, anterior edge slightly concave, posterior edge ends in obtuse angle, border with supraoculars straight. Color and pattern: Head uniformly black dorsally, lateral side cream with large black marking on the anterior/posterior borders of the supralabials and infralabials. Underside of head uniformly pearly white. Dorsal color of the total length of body uniformly shiny black. Interstitial skin black. Throat scales and ventral pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133530D4456F0A3E257B5633FD95F8C8" box="[532,601,1858,1883]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1220,1242]" captionTargetBox="[169,1426,494,1189]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,481,1199]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Naja (Boulengerina) peroescobari sp. nov. (MUHNAC / MB 03 – 001065)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/997111/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="131">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
): first ten scales uniformly white, except the seventh scale, which presents a small dark blotch at the left side of the scale. Eleventh ventral scale black on the half left, and white with small scattered black dots on the right. Twelfth ventral scale uniformly black. Ventrals 13–15 white, except the fourteenth scale, which has a small dark blotch at the left side of the scale. Ventrals 16–17 uniformly black. Ventrals 18–19 white, but the latter with some black intrusion on the posterior edge. The remainder of the ventral and subcaudal scales are uniformly black, and the distal lateral edges of these are continuous in color with the lower dorsal scale rows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB12C51456E0A3F27A851AEFB58FD62" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456E0A3F27A851AEFEF3FF6A" bold="true" box="[199,319,223,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Variation in scale counts and body measurements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B592F3456E0A3F24AA5191FBFDFF6A" box="[965,1073,224,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456E0A3F23375190FAC1FF6A" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="2017" box="[1112,1293,223,248]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peroescobari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456E0A3F23375190FAC1FF6A" box="[1112,1293,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">N. peroescobari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are reported in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68C19EA456E0A3F27DB5075FEC6FE8E" box="[180,266,260,285]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,239,1590,1613]" captionText="TABLE 3. Variation in size and scalation characters displayed in São Tomé’s “ Cobra preta ”, Naja peroescobari sp. nov., and continental Naja melanoleuca. Values are organized as mean (minimum – maximum; standard deviation). Measurments are rounded off to the closest 1 mm." pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
. Midbody scale rows 19–21; Neck scale rows 21–25; Tail scale rows 13–16. Due to the limited number of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456E0A3F27D95058FEA7FED2" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="2017" box="[182,363,295,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peroescobari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456E0A3F27D95058FEA7FED2" box="[182,363,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">N. peroescobari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens for which sex was confirmed, no sexually dimorphic differences could be found in the subcaudal scales of the species, which range from 52 to 70 (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456E0A3F240E503DFC10FEF7" box="[865,988,332,357]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5367" metricValueMax="1.7526" metricValueMin="1.3208" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" unit="in" value="60.5" valueMax="69.0" valueMin="52.0">52 to 69 in</quantity>
|
||
females, n= 4;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456E0A3F23E6503DFACFFEF7" box="[1161,1283,332,357]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6128999999999998" metricValueMax="1.778" metricValueMin="1.4478" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" unit="in" value="63.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="57.0">57 to 70 in</quantity>
|
||
males, n= 3). The same applies to ventral scales, which range from 208 to 215 (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456E0A3F24165001FBDCFE1A" box="[889,1040,367,392]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.359400000000001" metricValueMax="5.435600000000001" metricValueMin="5.283200000000001" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" unit="in" value="211.0" valueMax="214.0" valueMin="208.0">208 to 214 in</quantity>
|
||
females;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456E0A3F23125001FADDFE1A" box="[1149,1297,367,392]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3213" metricValueMax="5.3594" metricValueMin="5.2832" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" unit="in" value="209.5" valueMax="211.0" valueMin="208.0">208 to 211 in</quantity>
|
||
males). The posterior sublinguals are always separated by the intrusion of a scale, however in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B592F3456E0A3F232350E4FB60FE3F" box="[1100,1196,405,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
MHNG 2518.42 the intrusion of this scale between the posterior sublinguals is not evident, as in the other specimens, and both scales contact narrowly in the anterior part. All the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B592F3456E0A3F25DF50ACFCD7FE67" box="[688,795,477,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
have one anterior temporal followed by two posterior temporals. However in MCHNG 31002a,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456E0A3F2500508EFC8EFD8A" author="Capocaccia" box="[623,834,511,536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" refString="Capocaccia, L. (1961) Contributo allo studio dei serpenti delle isole del Golfo di Guinea. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale " Giacomo Doria, " 72, 285 - 309." type="journal article" year="1961">Capocaccia (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported three posterior temporal instead of two. The anal scale is usually entire in all the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B592F3456E0A3F25255354FDB6FDAF" box="[586,634,549,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series, with the exception of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B592F3456E0A3F236A5354FBA9FDAF" box="[1029,1125,549,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
IICT 18-1972, where it is divided. Supralabials always 7, whereas the number of infralabials varies between 7 and 9. Largest male examined (MUHNAC/MB03–001065, Praia Inhame,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAE2B3456E0A3F25E5531DFCCCFD16" box="[650,768,620,644]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" name="Sao Tome" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3196CC1456E0A3F25E5531DFCCCFD16" box="[650,768,620,644]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">São Tomé</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
) 1700 + 380 =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456E0A3F24AF531DFBFEFD16" box="[960,1074,620,644]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.08" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" unit="mm" value="2080.0">2080 mm</quantity>
|
||
; largest female (IICT 20-1967, Santa Josefina,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAE2B3456E0A3F262953E1FE75FD3A" box="[326,441,656,680]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" name="Sao Tome" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3196CC1456E0A3F262953E1FE75FD3A" box="[326,441,656,680]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">São Tomé</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
) 2180 + 420 =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456E0A3F250853FEFD00FD35" box="[615,716,655,680]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" unit="cm" value="2600.0">2600 cm</quantity>
|
||
. All specimens examined were homogenous black on the dorsal areas, entirely agreeing with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B592F3456E0A3F256953C5FDA7FD5F" box="[518,619,692,717]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, while in the ventral pattern, despite small variations on the arrangement of the white scales (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="133530D4456E0A3F26CD53A6FE29FD62" box="[418,485,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1487,1509]" captionTargetBox="[171,1389,789,1443]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[161,1407,772,1457]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution of white color on the first 200 ventral scales of São Tomé “ Cobra-preta ” (n = 12; top) and continental populations of Naja (Boulengerina) melanoleuca (n = 47; down)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/997107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), no specimen had any white scales distal to the 22th ventral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3147FDA456E0A3F27A8538FFB0EFC59" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB12C51456E0A3F27A8538FFB0EFC59" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456E0A3F27A8538FFE82FC85" bold="true" box="[199,334,766,791]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is named after Pêro (also known as Pedro) Escobar (?–?), one of the 15th -century Portuguese navigators who discovered
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAE2B3456E0A3F25355252FD01FCA9" box="[602,717,803,827]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" name="Sao Tome" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3196CC1456E0A3F25355252FD01FCA9" box="[602,717,803,827]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">São Tomé</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
Island on
|
||
<date id="FFB00A91456E0A3F24235253FBFCFCA9" box="[844,1072,802,827]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" value="1471-12-21">December 21, 1471</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAE2B3456E0A3F23505253FB6BFCA9" box="[1087,1191,802,827]" country="Equatorial Guinea" name="Annobon" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3196CC1456E0A3F23505253FB6BFCA9" box="[1087,1191,802,827]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Annobon</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
Island on
|
||
<date id="FFB00A91456E0A3F22495252FF1EFCCD" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" value="1472-01-01">January 1, 1472</date>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAE2B3456E0A3F26615237FEA7FCCD" box="[270,363,838,863]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" name="Principe" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3196CC1456E0A3F26615237FEA7FCCD" box="[270,363,838,863]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Príncipe</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
island on
|
||
<date id="FFB00A91456E0A3F268D5239FD6BFCCD" box="[482,679,839,864]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" value="1472-01-17">January 17, 1472</date>
|
||
, and participated in the discovery of the ocean route from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3196CC1456E0A3F22525237FA50FCCD" box="[1341,1436,838,863]" name="Portugal" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3196CC1456E0A3F27DA521BFF23FC11" box="[181,239,874,899]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
under the command of Vasco da Gama (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456E0A3F25AB521DFD31FC11" box="[708,765,876,899]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">circa</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFB00A91456E0A3F246A521BFC48FC11" box="[773,900,874,899]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" value="1460" valueMax="1524">1460–1524</date>
|
||
) in 1497, as well as in the expedition of Pedro Álvares Cabral’s (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456E0A3F260E52E1FE56FC35" box="[353,410,912,935]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">circa</emphasis>
|
||
1467–
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456E0A3F268952E1FDD3FC35" box="[486,543,912,935]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">circa</emphasis>
|
||
1520) that “discovered”
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3196CC1456E0A3F245952FFFCB6FC35" box="[822,890,910,935]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 1500. We adopt the Portuguese local common name “Cobra-preta” and suggest the English common name “
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAE2B3456E0A3F242752C2FC75FC59" box="[840,953,947,971]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" name="Sao Tome" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3196CC1456E0A3F242752C2FC75FC59" box="[840,953,947,971]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">São Tomé</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
cobra” for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3147FDA456E0A3927A852A7FD07FE3E" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB12C51456E0A3F27A852A7FB61F999" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456E0A3F27A852A7FEACFC7D" bold="true" box="[199,352,982,1007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The species appears to be widely distributed through the island, except the drier savanna areas in the northeast (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133530D4456E0A3F2658528BFEB0FB81" box="[311,380,1018,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[329,1248,694,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[318,1256,685,1899]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Known distribution of Naja (Boulengerina) peroescobari sp. nov. on São Tomé Island represented by red dots, based on bibliographic and museum records. The white-center dot represents the holotype locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/997115/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456E0A3F26FE528BFDEFFB81" author="Greef" box="[401,547,1018,1043]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" refString="Greef, R. (1884) Ueber die Fauna der Guinea-Inseln S. Thome und Rolas. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft zur Beforderung der gesammten Naturwissenschaften zu Marburg, 1884 (2), 41 - 80." type="journal article" year="1884">Greef (1884)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that the species was confined to high areas, from 300 to up
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456E0A3F2261528AFA9AFB80" box="[1294,1366,1019,1043]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
|
||
in the northeast “Cordilheira”, and that it was much more common on the southeastern part of the island, near Angra de São João (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F267E5533FE47FBC8" box="[273,395,1090,1115]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="5" value="0.1167">0.1167° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F26F55533FDDCFBC8" box="[410,528,1090,1115]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="5" value="6.65">6.6500° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456E0A3F25705532FDA6FBC8" box="[543,618,1091,1115]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="134.0">134 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level), but it has subsequently been found elsewhere: Roça Minho (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F279F5517FE4EFBED" box="[240,386,1126,1151]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="0.266667">0.266667° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F26E25517FDD6FBED" box="[397,538,1126,1151]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="6.633333">6.633333° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456E0A3F25495516FDA2FBED" box="[550,622,1127,1151]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.12" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="712.0">712 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456E0A3F24405519FC09FBED" author="Bocage" box="[815,965,1126,1152]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" refString="Bocage, J. V. B. (1905) Contribution a la Faune des quatre iles du golfe de Guinee (suite). Jornal das Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes, Segunda Serie, 7, 65 - 96." type="journal article" year="1905">Bocage 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Roça Saudade (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F23E65516FAD0FBED" box="[1161,1308,1127,1151]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="0.288319">0.288319° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F22475517FF67FB30" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="6.636209">6.636209° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456E0A3F27D855FBFF33FB30" box="[183,255,1162,1187]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.15" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="815.0">815 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456E0A3F26AD55FAFD95FB31" author="Bocage" box="[450,601,1162,1187]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" refString="Bocage, J. V. B. (1905) Contribution a la Faune des quatre iles du golfe de Guinee (suite). Jornal das Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes, Segunda Serie, 7, 65 - 96." type="journal article" year="1905">Bocage 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Água-Izé (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F258955FAFCB6FB30" box="[742,890,1163,1187]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="0.218727">0.218727° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F24E955FBFBDAFB30" box="[902,1046,1162,1187]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="6.727969">6.727969° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456E0A3F234C55FAFB90FB30" box="[1059,1116,1163,1187]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="19.0">19 m</quantity>
|
||
above seal level;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456E0A3F224755FBFF1EFB55" author="Boulenger" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1906) Report on the reptiles collected by the late L. Fea in West Africa. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 3 (2), 196 - 216." type="journal article" year="1906">Boulenger 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456E0A3F27B055DFFE68FB55" author="Capocaccia" box="[223,420,1198,1223]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" refString="Capocaccia, L. (1961) Contributo allo studio dei serpenti delle isole del Golfo di Guinea. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale " Giacomo Doria, " 72, 285 - 309." type="journal article" year="1961">Capocaccia 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Roça
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAE2B3456E0A3F269255C1FDF6FB55" box="[509,570,1200,1223]" country="Portugal" name="Porto" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Porto</collectingRegion>
|
||
Alegre (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F25CF55DEFCFAFB55" box="[672,822,1199,1223]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="0.033333">0.033333° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F242C55DFFC19FB55" box="[835,981,1198,1223]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="6.533333">6.533333° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456E0A3F248C55DFFBD2FB55" box="[995,1054,1198,1223]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="16.0">16 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456E0A3F238855C1FA43FB55" author="Manacas" box="[1255,1423,1198,1223]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" refString="Manacas, S. (1958) Anfibios e Repteis das ilhas de Sao Tome e do Principe e do Ilheo das Rolas. In: Anonymous. Conferencia Internacional dos Africanistas Ocidentais, Vol IV, Junta Investigacao do Ultramar, Lisboa, pp. 179 - 192." type="book chapter" year="1958">Manaças 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Roça Santa Josefina (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F26CD55A2FDF3FB78" box="[418,575,1235,1259]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="0.247882">0.247882° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F253C55A3FD20FB78" box="[595,748,1234,1259]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="6.738315">6.738315° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456E0A3F246E55A3FC8FFB78" box="[769,835,1234,1259]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="69.0">69 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456E0A3F234755A2FB1AFB79" author="Manacas" box="[1064,1238,1235,1259]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" refString="Manacas, S. (1973) Alguns dos anfibios e repteis da provincia de S. Tome e Principe. In: Anonymous. Livro de Homenagem ao Prof. Fernando Frade. Junta Investigacao do Ultramar, Lisboa, pp. 219 - 230." type="book chapter" year="1973">Manaças 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), “Cascata” and surroundings (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F26575587FE17FA9D" box="[312,475,1270,1295]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="0.2854722">0.2854722° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F26885587FD49FA9D" box="[487,645,1270,1295]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="6.6254416">6.6254416° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456E0A3F25FD5586FD16FA9D" box="[658,730,1271,1295]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.29" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="929.0">929 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456E0A3F24F15587FBC1FA9D" author="Nill" box="[926,1037,1270,1295]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" refString="Nill, T. (1993) Die Schlangen der Insel Sao Tome (Golf von Guinea) (Reptilia: Serpentes). Faunistische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 19 (7), 71 - 73." type="journal article" year="1993">Nill 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Angra Toldo, also referred as Rio Angra Toldo (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F2658546BFE00FAA0" box="[311,460,1306,1331]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="0.156881">0.156881° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F26B5546BFDA7FAA0" box="[474,619,1306,1331]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="6.668792">6.668792° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456E0A3F2517546BFD7FFAA0" box="[632,691,1306,1331]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="75.0">75 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456E0A3F2414546BFC26FAA1" author="Nill" box="[891,1002,1306,1331]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" refString="Nill, T. (1993) Die Schlangen der Insel Sao Tome (Golf von Guinea) (Reptilia: Serpentes). Faunistische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 19 (7), 71 - 73." type="journal article" year="1993">Nill 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Rio Quicha (location unknown;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456E0A3F221E546BFF1CFAC5" author="Nill" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" refString="Nill, T. (1993) Die Schlangen der Insel Sao Tome (Golf von Guinea) (Reptilia: Serpentes). Faunistische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 19 (7), 71 - 73." type="journal article" year="1993">Nill 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Generosa (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F26FB544FFDE1FAC5" box="[404,557,1342,1367]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="0.348305">0.348305° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F2553544FFD1CFAC5" box="[572,720,1342,1367]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="6.551019">6.551019° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456E0A3F258F544EFCD2FAC5" box="[736,798,1343,1367]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="81.0">81 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A0456E0A3F249F544FFBAFFAC5" author="Nill" box="[1008,1123,1342,1367]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" refString="Nill, T. (1993) Die Schlangen der Insel Sao Tome (Golf von Guinea) (Reptilia: Serpentes). Faunistische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 19 (7), 71 - 73." type="journal article" year="1993">Nill 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Two specimens from the California Academy of Sciences collections (CAS 219402 and CAS 219403) are from Bom Sucesso (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F226B5412FA54FAE8" box="[1284,1432,1379,1403]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="0.288394">0.288394° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F27F854F7FEEBFA0D" box="[151,295,1414,1439]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="6.612155">6.612155° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456E0A3F265B54F7FE45FA0D" box="[308,393,1414,1439]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.154" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="1154.0">1154 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level) and Morro Esperança (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F243E54F6FC2AFA0D" box="[849,998,1415,1439]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="0.299743">0.299743° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F249D54F7FB4EFA0D" box="[1010,1154,1414,1439]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="6.616667">6.616667° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456E0A3F23E054F6FB1BFA0D" box="[1167,1239,1415,1439]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.98" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="998.0">998 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level), respectively. The species is also known from Roça
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3196CC1456E0A3F25B454DBFC86FA51" box="[731,842,1450,1475]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Bombaim</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F243554DBFC23FA50" box="[858,1007,1450,1475]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="0.246481">0.246481° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3A4A96456E0A3F249554DBFB47FA50" box="[1018,1163,1450,1475]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" precision="1" value="6.632732">6.632732° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456E0A3F23F754DBFB13FA50" box="[1176,1247,1450,1475]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="465.0">465 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level; LMPC & MPM pers. obs.). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B592F3456E0A3F256E54A1FDFDFA7A" box="[513,561,1488,1512]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality represents the southernmost known record of the species, and also the lowest elevation recorded (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF681B4456E0A3F26A95482FDC8F999" box="[454,516,1523,1547]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="21.0">21 m</quantity>
|
||
). The species is not known from the neighboring Rolas Islet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF717CD9456E0A3F27F85747FD62F91F" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB12C51456E0A3F27F85747FD62F91F" blockId="11.[151,1436,1589,1677]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456E0A3F27F85747FEC5F9DF" bold="true" box="[151,265,1590,1613]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Variation in size and scalation characters displayed in São Tomé’s “Cobra preta”,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456E0A3F231B5746FAF6F9DF" authority="Bauer, 2017" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="2017" box="[1140,1338,1589,1614]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peroescobari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456E0A3F231B5746FAF6F9DF" box="[1140,1338,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Naja peroescobari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2494D38456E0A3F222F5747FA59F9DF" box="[1344,1429,1590,1613]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456E0A3F222F5747FA59F9DF" bold="true" box="[1344,1429,1590,1613]" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and continental
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456E0A3F26375726FDE9F9FF" authorityName="Hallowell" authorityYear="1857" box="[344,549,1621,1646]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456E0A3F26375726FDE9F9FF" box="[344,549,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Naja melanoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Values are organized as mean (minimum–maximum; standard deviation). Measurments are rounded off to the closest 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB12C51456E0A3F268057D8FBD1F873" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<table id="F90EDEF1456EF5CB27F057D8FACBF873" box="[159,1287,1705,2017]" gridcols="3" gridrows="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<tr id="353E2E13456EF5CB27F057D8FACBF92D" box="[159,1287,1705,1727]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76EF476F456EF5CB268057D8FD14F92D" box="[495,728,1705,1727]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">“Cobra preta” (n= 15)</th>
|
||
<th id="76EF476F456EF5CB24EF57D8FACBF92D" box="[896,1287,1705,1727]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
Continental
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D2456E0A3F249257DBFB79F92D" authorityName="Hallowell" authorityYear="1857" box="[1021,1205,1705,1727]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF043456E0A3F249257DBFB79F92D" box="[1021,1205,1705,1727]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Naja melanoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n= 47)
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E2E13456EF5CB27F057A2FACBF97B" box="[159,1287,1747,1769]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<th id="76EF476F456EF5CB27F057A2FEA0F97B" box="[159,364,1747,1769]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Snout-vent length</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF476F456EF5CB268057A2FD14F97B" box="[495,728,1747,1769]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">1250 (790–2180; 40.3)</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF476F456EF5CB24EF57A2FACBF97B" box="[896,1287,1747,1769]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">1105 (370–1920; 46.9)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E2E13456EF5CB27F0578DFACBF880" box="[159,1287,1788,1810]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<th id="76EF476F456EF5CB27F0578DFEA0F880" box="[159,364,1788,1810]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Tail length</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF476F456EF5CB2680578DFD14F880" box="[495,728,1788,1810]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">280 (110–420; 8.7)</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF476F456EF5CB24EF578DFACBF880" box="[896,1287,1788,1810]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">235 (80–435; 10.4)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E2E13456EF5CB27F05654FACBF8A9" box="[159,1287,1829,1851]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<th id="76EF476F456EF5CB27F05654FEA0F8A9" box="[159,364,1829,1851]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Ventrals</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF476F456EF5CB26805654FD14F8A9" box="[495,728,1829,1851]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">210 (208–215; 2.2)</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF476F456EF5CB24EF5654FACBF8A9" box="[896,1287,1829,1851]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">218 (200–231; 6.4)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E2E13456EF5CB27F0563FFACBF8F6" box="[159,1287,1870,1892]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<th id="76EF476F456EF5CB27F0563FFEA0F8F6" box="[159,364,1870,1892]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Sub-caudals</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF476F456EF5CB2680563FFD14F8F6" box="[495,728,1870,1892]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">69 (52–70; 5.9)</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF476F456EF5CB24EF563FFACBF8F6" box="[896,1287,1870,1892]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">64 (33–71; 5.6)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E2E13456EF5CB27F05609FACBF81C" box="[159,1287,1912,1934]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<th id="76EF476F456EF5CB27F05609FEA0F81C" box="[159,364,1912,1934]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Neck scale rows</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF476F456EF5CB26805609FD14F81C" box="[495,728,1912,1934]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">24 (21–25; 1.5)</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF476F456EF5CB24EF5609FACBF81C" box="[896,1287,1912,1934]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">24 (22–29; 1.9)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E2E13456EF5CB27F056D0FACBF825" box="[159,1287,1953,1975]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<th id="76EF476F456EF5CB27F056D0FEA0F825" box="[159,364,1953,1975]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Midbody scale rows</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF476F456EF5CB268056D0FD14F825" box="[495,728,1953,1975]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">19 (19–21; 0.7)</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF476F456EF5CB24EF56D0FACBF825" box="[896,1287,1953,1975]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">19 (16–21; 0.9)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353E2E13456EF5CB27F056BAFACBF873" box="[159,1287,1995,2017]" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<th id="76EF476F456EF5CB27F056BAFEA0F873" box="[159,364,1995,2017]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">Tail scale rows</th>
|
||
<td id="76EF476F456EF5CB268056BAFD14F873" box="[495,728,1995,2017]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">13 (13–16; 1.3)</td>
|
||
<td id="76EF476F456EF5CB24EF56BAFACBF873" box="[896,1287,1995,2017]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="132">13 (12–16; 0.8)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF717CD945690A3827F854AFFE9CF981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/997113/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="133" targetBox="[358,1228,195,1480]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB12C5145690A3827F854AFFE9CF981" blockId="12.[151,1436,1502,1555]" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF04345690A3827F854AFFEDEFA66" bold="true" box="[151,274,1502,1524]" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Live picture of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D245690A3826DB54AEFCDDFA66" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="2017" box="[436,785,1502,1524]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peroescobari" subGenus="Boulengerina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF04345690A3826DB54AEFE29FA66" box="[436,485,1503,1524]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">Naja</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF04345690A38269C54AFFDB1FA66" box="[499,637,1502,1524]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">Boulengerina</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF04345690A3825E354AFFCDDFA66" box="[652,785,1502,1524]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">peroescobari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp nov. from near Santa Josefina. Specimen not collected. Photo by Tiziano Pisoni.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB12C5145690A3927A8574EFD07FE3E" blockId="12.[151,1437,1599,2020]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,608]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF04345690A3827A8574EFD86F9CA" bold="true" box="[199,586,1599,1624]" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">Medical relevance and folklore.</emphasis>
|
||
There is currently no available information on the venom of this snake. Local people (as well as historical reports) refer to the snake as highly venomous, causing death in a few hours, but no credible reports about the symptomology were recorded during our expeditions to the island (L.M.P.C & M.P.M pers. obs.).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A045690A38267457DAFE7EF956" author="Vieira" box="[283,434,1707,1732]" pageId="12" pageNumber="133" refString="Vieira, L. (1886) Noticia acerca dos productos zoologicos trazidos da ilha de S. Thome para o Muzeu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra pelo Sr. Adolpho F. Moller, em 1885. O Instituto, 34, 235 - 241." type="journal article" year="1886">Vieira (1886)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions that the species is highly venomous (even recording the local saying: “
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF04345690A38222457DAFE7AF97A" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">homem mordido, homem perdido</emphasis>
|
||
”, meaning “man bitten, man lost”), but only bites when attacked or stepped on. Local informants claim that when bitten, patients usually cut the afflicted limb off, and there are also reports of people who are on the top of palm trees to extract palm wine who simply toss themselves to the ground to avoid being bitten whenever they encounter a snake. The manuscript report of José Gonçalves Correia (
|
||
<date id="FFB00A9145690A382263564AFA43F8C6" box="[1292,1423,1851,1876]" pageId="12" pageNumber="133" value="1888" valueMax="1954">1888–1954</date>
|
||
), Portuguese naturalist who collected birds in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAE2B345690A3825E85611FD3BF8EA" box="[647,759,1888,1912]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" name="Sao Tome" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3196CC145690A3825E85611FD3BF8EA" box="[647,759,1888,1912]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="12" pageNumber="133">São Tomé</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
for the American Museum of Natural History in 1928/1929, mentions that after a bite, the afflicted area should be burnt with a hot iron in the first 24 hours (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A045690A38239A56F2FA5CF80E" author="Correia" box="[1269,1424,1923,1948]" pageId="12" pageNumber="133" refString="Correia, J. G. (1928) Unpublished field notebook, housed in the Ornithology. Department of the American Museum of Natural History, New York." type="book" year="1928">Correia 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further studies on the venom and also on the symptomology and bite incident records are needed to understand the potential medical relevance of this species to the human population. A possible island effect in the venom should also not be discounted, as snake venom is known to be highly affected by ecological and geographic conditions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A045680A3927F151CDFE54FF46" author="Chippaux" box="[158,408,188,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="134" refString="Chippaux, J. - P., Williamns, V. & White, J. (1991) Snake venom variability: Methods of study, results and interpretation. Toxicon, 29 (11), 1279 - 1303. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0041 - 0101 (91) 90116 - 9" type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Chippaux
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF04345680A39267851CCFE9EFF47" box="[279,338,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="134">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In some parts of the island, namely around Roça
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3196CC145680A39249E51CDFBAEFF47" box="[1009,1122,188,213]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="134">Bombaim</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the species is captured by locals to serve as a local delicacy, and the meat is sold in the capital city market (L.M.P.C & M.P.M pers. obs.). The recent development of political ties between
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3196CC145680A3925E55075FC41FE8F" box="[650,909,260,285]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="13" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAE2B345680A3925E55075FD36FE8E" box="[650,762,260,284]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" name="Sao Tome" pageId="13" pageNumber="134">São Tomé</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CAE2B345680A39245F5075FC41FE8F" box="[816,909,260,285]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" name="Principe" pageId="13" pageNumber="134">Príncipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3196CC145680A3924AD5075FBC4FE8F" box="[962,1032,260,285]" name="China" pageId="13" pageNumber="134">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the expected arrival of Chinese workers to the country, is a potential cause of concern, as snakes from the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D245680A39235A5058FBA0FED2" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[1077,1132,297,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF04345680A39235A5058FBA0FED2" box="[1077,1132,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="134">Naja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are commonly used in the Chinese Traditional Medicine (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A045680A392691503DFD32FEF6" author="Zheng" box="[510,766,332,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="134" refString="Zheng, H. & Zhang, Q. (2000) Medicinal using status and conservation strategy of snakes in China. In: Zhang, E. & Zheng, H. (Eds.), Conservation of endangered wild medicinal fauna and Xora resources in China. Second Military Medical University Press, Shanghai, pp. 96 - 101." type="book chapter" year="2000">Zheng & Zhang 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and gastronomy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A045680A3924B6503DFB0FFEF7" author="Zhou" box="[985,1219,332,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="134" refString="Zhou, Z. & Jiang, Z. (2005) Identifying snake species threatened by economic exploitation and international trade in China. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14, 3525 - 3536. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10531 - 004 - 0826 - 5" type="journal article" year="2005">Zhou & Jiang 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and conservation problems related to the exploitation of wildlife by Chinese workers have been reported for other parts in Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A045680A3927F150E5FE0EFE3E" author="Munson" box="[158,450,404,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="134" refString="Munson, P. & Ronghui, Z. (2012) Feeding the Dragon: Managing Chinese resources acquisition in Africa. Seattle Journal of Environmetal Law, 2 (1), 343 - 382." type="journal article" year="2012">Munson & Ronghui 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A045680A3926A150E5FD73FE3E" author="Bersacola" box="[462,703,404,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="134" refString="Bersacola, E., Svensson, M. S., Bearder, S. K. & Mills, M. (2014) Hunted in Angola. Surveying the Bushmeat Trade. Swara, 38, 31 - 36." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Bersacola
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF04345680A39252C50E4FDB0FE3F" box="[579,636,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="134">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3147FDA45680A3927A850C6FB83FDF2" pageId="13" pageNumber="134" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB12C5145680A3927A850C6FB83FDF2" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF04345680A3927A850C6FDA7FE42" bold="true" box="[199,619,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="134">Habitat and Natural History notes.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A045680A39251D50C9FCD4FE42" author="Bocage" box="[626,792,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="134" refString="Bocage, J. V. B. (1895) A doninha de Sao Tome. Jornal das Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes, Segunda Serie, 4 (13), 24 - 27." type="journal article" year="1895">Bocage (1895)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reports a skull of a Least Weasel (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E57D245680A3923F050C6FA80FE42" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[1183,1356,439,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF04345680A3923F050C6FA80FE42" box="[1183,1356,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="134">Mustela nivalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in the stomach contents of one specimen. Specimen IICT 18-1972 had an invasive Black rat (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AF04345680A3923DC50ACFA84FE66" box="[1203,1352,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="134">Rattus rattus</emphasis>
|
||
) in its stomach, but knowledge on the trophic ecology of the species is limited.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F51A045680A3924B2508EFBB9FD8A" author="Vieira" box="[989,1141,511,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="134" refString="Vieira, L. (1886) Noticia acerca dos productos zoologicos trazidos da ilha de S. Thome para o Muzeu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra pelo Sr. Adolpho F. Moller, em 1885. O Instituto, 34, 235 - 241." type="journal article" year="1886">Vieira (1886)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions that the species prefer shaded and moist habitats. The snake is mostly seen in forested areas in the southern half of the island, being absent in the northeast regions. It is commonly seen on roads basking during the day.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |