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<document id="11C8904AC4D21B7B26AA1954D1BD18D1" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.430.4.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13876096" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1727822573165" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Völtz, Rafael R., Alves-Araújo, Anderson &amp; Goldenberg, Renato" docDate="2020" docId="03A787BBFFD72102FF57FF5FFEC384B4" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.430.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 430 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.4.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Chrysophyllum paranaense T. D. Pennington 1990" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="239" masterDocId="FF9EFFC3FFD9210DFFDFFFC1FFDC8158" masterDocTitle="Native Species of Sapotaceae Juss. in Paraná, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="276" masterPageNumber="224" pageNumber="238" updateTime="1727827187314" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="94C95A869013F95417B8D027CDC62149" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="70D9B2FAB7F8E80F1A2E5BC6EBFF2C86">
<mods:title id="459F751F8EB524FB891431833446EACE">Native Species of Sapotaceae Juss. in Paraná, Brazil</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="0703D3B486709B4D1E1EC99CF674625F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D3A4CCBEC21EF6D360B454614777AC13">Völtz, Rafael R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E4BA33A6F4A51D96678B836F78441BCD">Alves-Araújo, Anderson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="334159C63A9125E10E5DAC7A545DD400">Goldenberg, Renato</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7ACDDDCAAEA57127D7DFEDB6A7A8B99E">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="E74074ACBA0515C69380E80D67678241">
<mods:date id="77F35E35C7BBF8EBC79178A8C38E7199">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D675220755C4ADAC0A298F47B7FEBA23">2020-02-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AE87F02D22C537D48B1A9B588FA76B6F">430</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="7E51D1B4A1F7E6D52C47D2E6E32FD86A">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.4.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="9E6727343DBCCC723F05DC4760B676FC">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2CA1DF0FB894A1A1F47C8781917333A9" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.430.4.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A2B1E1634E6DBD1C6FBDE0991A20FDB2" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="ABA1FC1E297EF6F83ADD224FAA2E2112" type="Zenodo-Dep">13876096</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A787BBFFD72102FF57FF5FFEC384B4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13876122" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13876122" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A787BBFFD72102FF57FF5FFEC384B4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BBFFD72102FF57FF5FFEC384B4" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">
<subSubSection id="C3146526FFD72102FF57FF5FFAEE838C" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB136ADFFD72103FF57FF5FFC7A81E0" blockId="14.[136,934,158,185]" box="[136,934,158,185]" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">
<heading id="D0F981C1FFD72103FF57FF5FFC7A81E0" box="[136,934,158,185]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" reason="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1E1183FFD72103FF57FF5FFC7A81E0" box="[136,934,158,185]" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD72103FF57FF5FFF7781E0" bold="true" box="[136,171,158,184]" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">1.4</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AAF10BCFFD72103FF6DFF5FFCE081E1" author="Pennington, T. D." box="[178,828,158,185]" page=")" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" year="1990">
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D2EFFD72103FF6DFF5FFCE081E1" ID-CoL="5YQP3" authority="T. D. Pennington (1990: 578)" authorityName="T. D. Pennington" authorityPageNumber="578" authorityYear="1990" box="[178,828,158,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Chrysophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paranaense">
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD72103FF6DFF5FFE2C81E1" bold="true" box="[178,496,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">Chrysophyllum paranaense</emphasis>
T.D.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B5CFFD72103FDF0FF5FFCE081E1" author="Pennington, T. D." box="[559,828,158,185]" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" pagination="1 - 770" refId="ref38276" refString="Pennington, T. D. (1990) Sapotaceae. Flora Neotropica Monograph 52: 1 - 770." type="journal article" year="1990">Pennington (1990: 578)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<figureCitation id="13352A28FFD72103FC98FF5FFC7A81E0" box="[839,934,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[136,229,1700,1722]" captionTargetBox="[337,1251,209,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-26@14.[337,1251,209,1675]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Chrysophyllum paranaense. A. Habit. B. Bark. C. Slash. D. Abaxial surface of the leaf. E. Flower, longitudinal section. F. Adaxial surface of the corolla. G. Lateral and frontal view of the seed.H. Fruit. I. Stem with flower. J. Detail of the indumentum. K. Flower in vivo. (A–D from R.R. Völtz 1511; E–F, J, K from R.R. Völtz 1526; G from R.R. Völtz 1483; H from R.R. Völtz 1534; I from A.C. Cervi 6459) (ov: ovary; sc: seed scar; st: stamen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13876114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13876114/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">Figure 8</figureCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF716625FFD72103FF57F965FDF6867D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13876114" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13876114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13876114/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" startId="14.[136,229,1700,1722]" targetBox="[337,1251,209,1674]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB136ADFFD72103FF57F965FDF6867D" blockId="14.[136,1452,1700,1830]" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD72103FF57F965FF2B87E1" bold="true" box="[136,247,1700,1722]" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D2EFFD72103FEDAF965FDD387E2" authorityName="T. D. Pennington" authorityYear="1990" box="[261,527,1700,1722]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Chrysophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paranaense">
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD72103FEDAF965FDD387E2" box="[261,527,1700,1722]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">Chrysophyllum paranaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Habit. B. Bark. C. Slash. D. Abaxial surface of the leaf. E. Flower, longitudinal section. F. Adaxial surface of the corolla. G. Lateral and frontal view of the seed. H. Fruit. I. Stem with flower. J. Detail of the indumentum. K. Flower in vivo. (A–D from
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD72103FE96F92CFE758659" box="[329,425,1772,1794]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">R.R. Völtz</emphasis>
1511; E–F, J, K from
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD72103FDA0F92CFD3C8659" box="[639,736,1772,1794]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">R.R. Völtz</emphasis>
1526; G from
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD72103FCB0F92CFC0C8659" box="[879,976,1772,1794]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">R.R. Völtz</emphasis>
1483; H from
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD72103FB80F92CFB638659" box="[1119,1215,1772,1794]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">R.R. Völtz</emphasis>
1534; I from
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD72103FA9AF92DFA778659" box="[1349,1451,1772,1793]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">A.C. Cervi</emphasis>
6459) (ov: ovary; sc: seed scar; st: stamen).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB136ADFFD72102FF57F895FAEE838C" blockId="14.[136,1452,1876,2083]" lastBlockId="15.[136,1458,158,1516]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">
Understory tree. Trunk section cylindrical, unbuttressed; bark light yellowish-brown, fissured-scaly, fissure shallow, short, V-shaped, parallel, ridges flattened, scales papyraceous, rectangular; slash light yellow-orange or light-red, tangential section with longitudinal streaks, not discoloured, abundant white latex. Stems with young shoots ochre to golden, soon light yellowish-brown, not lenticellate, angled or slightly fissured at first, becoming rounded when older, young shoots sericeous-tomentose, soon glabrous. Leaves distichous, spaced. Petiole
<quantity id="4CF69B48FFD72103FB15F825FABA86A7" box="[1226,1382,2020,2047]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="3.5">3.5–10.5 mm</quantity>
long, grooved, sericeous-tomentose. Leaf blade chartaceous, (3.5–)4.0–17.0(–19.0) × (2.0–)3.0–7.0 cm, oblong, elliptic or rarely narrow-obovate, apex short-acuminate, rarely obtuse or long-acuminate, base obtuse or rounded, adaxial surface sericeous-tomentose or pubescent at first, soon glabrescent or glabrous, abaxial surface sericeous-tomentose or pubescent, but sericeous-tomentose on the midrib and secondaries, venation eucampto-brochidodromous, midrib sunken on the adaxial surface, raised on the abaxial surface, secondaries 8–15 pairs, slightly convergent and arcuate near the margin, slightly sunken or flat on the adaxial surface, raised on the abaxial surface, intersecondaries long, short or absent, tertiary veins loosely reticulate, inconspicuous or rarely flat on the adaxial surface, slightly raised on the abaxial surface, quaternary veins loosely reticulate. Inflorescences axillary, 2–7-flowered. Pedicel 7.5–19.0 mm long, sericeous-tomentose. Flowers androgynous, greenish-cream
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FC77FE5AFC2980EC" box="[936,1013,411,436]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">in vivo</emphasis>
; sepals quincuncial, 3.0–4.0 mm long, ovate to suborbiculate, apex obtuse or rounded, margin entire, abaxial surface sericeous-tomentose, adaxial surface glabrous or pubescent at apex, with a broad glabrous marginal stripe; corolla cyathiform, glabrous, 6.0–
<quantity id="4CF69B48FFD62102FAC9FE23FAB080A5" box="[1302,1388,482,509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
long, tube longer than the lobes,
<quantity id="4CF69B48FFD62102FE66FDC7FD9C8379" box="[441,576,518,545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.5">3.5–4.5 mm</quantity>
long, lobes 2.0–
<quantity id="4CF69B48FFD62102FD23FDC7FC8D8379" box="[764,849,518,545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long, oblong, apex rounded; stamens fixed on half or on the lower third of the corolla tube, filaments
<quantity id="4CF69B48FFD62102FD78FDEBFCF2831D" box="[679,814,554,581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.6 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous, anthers 1.0–
<quantity id="4CF69B48FFD62102FBAFFDEBFB19831D" box="[1136,1221,554,581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long, sparsely long-haired; ovary
<quantity id="4CF69B48FFD62102FEFEFD8FFE7B8331" box="[289,423,590,617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" unit="mm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.6 mm</quantity>
long, conical, style 3.5–5.0 mm long, pubescent at base, stigma slightly lobed. Fruit ripening dark-red (wine), ca. 3.1 ×
<quantity id="4CF69B48FFD62102FE67FDB3FDD583D5" box="[440,521,626,653]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="1.7">1.7 cm</quantity>
, lanceolate, glabrescent, exocarp membranaceous, mesocarp fleshy and endocarp membranaceous, calyx and style persistent, 1-seeded. Seed ca. 1.8 ×
<quantity id="4CF69B48FFD62102FCB1FD57FC6783E9" box="[878,955,662,689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" unit="cm" value="0.8">0.8 cm</quantity>
, ellipsoid-fusiform, not laterally compressed, testa rugulose; scar basi-ventral,
<quantity id="4CF69B48FFD62102FE27FD7BFD9B838D" box="[504,583,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
long, broad, covering about two-thirds of the seed length, cordate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3146526FFD62102FF62FD1FFEC384B4" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB136ADFFD62102FF62FD1FFF3E82D0" blockId="15.[136,1458,158,1516]" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FF62FD1FFE7D83A0" bold="true" box="[189,417,734,760]" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">Selected material:</emphasis>
—
<collectingCountry id="F319763DFFD62102FE61FD1FFDFA83A0" box="[446,550,734,760]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49CAF84FFFD62102FDE2FD1FFD5283A0" box="[573,654,734,760]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">Paraná</collectingRegion>
: Guaraqueçaba,
<date id="FFB0106DFFD62102FC81FD1FFB9383A0" box="[862,1103,734,760]" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" value="1998-12-02">02 December 1998</date>
,
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FBB9FD1EFB3683A1" box="[1126,1258,735,761]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">A.C. Cervi</emphasis>
6497 (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE68FFD62102FA8EFD1FFA7C83A0" box="[1361,1440,734,760]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
). Guaraqueçaba,
<date id="FFB0106DFFD62102FEEAFCC3FE178244" box="[309,459,770,797]" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" value="2017-05-05">05 May 2017</date>
,
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FE0AFCC2FD998244" box="[469,581,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">R.R. Völtz</emphasis>
1483 (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE68FFD62102FD4FFCC3FD038244" box="[656,735,770,796]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
). Guaraqueçaba,
<date id="FFB0106DFFD62102FC41FCC3FBFD8244" box="[926,1057,770,796]" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" value="2017-07-09">9 July 2017</date>
,
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FBF4FCC2FB478244" box="[1067,1179,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">R.R. Völtz</emphasis>
1511 (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE68FFD62102FB3AFCC3FAC28244" box="[1253,1310,770,796]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12997" name="Escola de Florestas" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" type="Herbarium">EFC</collectionCode>
). Guaratuba,
<date id="FFB0106DFFD62102FF57FCE7FEFB8218" box="[136,295,806,832]" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" value="2016-04-02">02 April 2016</date>
,
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FEECFCE6FE788218" box="[307,420,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">R.R. Völtz</emphasis>
1526 (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE68FFD62102FE2DFCE7FDF58218" box="[498,553,806,832]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12997" name="Escola de Florestas" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" type="Herbarium">EFC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE68FFD62102FDE9FCE7FD588218" box="[566,644,806,832]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
). Matinhos, without date,
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FC76FCE6FBC78218" box="[937,1051,806,833]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">S.R. Ziller</emphasis>
1425 (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE68FFD62102FBB5FCE7FB798218" box="[1130,1189,806,832]" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">HFC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE68FFD62102FB6FFCE7FB258218" box="[1200,1273,806,832]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">MBM</collectionCode>
). Paranaguá,
<date id="FFB0106DFFD62102FA50FCE7FEF8823C" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" value="1963-01-26">26 January 1963</date>
,
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FEEDFC8AFE24823C" box="[306,504,842,869]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">G.G. Hatschbach</emphasis>
9709 (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE68FFD62102FD93FC8BFD4A823C" box="[588,662,842,868]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">MBM</collectionCode>
). Paranaguá,
<date id="FFB0106DFFD62102FCEEFC8BFC2F823C" box="[817,1011,842,869]" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" value="1966-01-31">31 January 1966</date>
,
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FBDEFC8AFB1B823C" box="[1025,1223,842,869]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">G.G. Hatschbach</emphasis>
13630 (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE68FFD62102FAF6FC8BFAAE823C" box="[1321,1394,842,868]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">MBM</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE68FFD62102FAA0FC8AFA7B823D" box="[1407,1447,843,869]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE68FFD62102FF57FCAFFF0A82D0" box="[136,214,878,904]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136ADFFD62102FF62FC52FDC88404" blockId="15.[136,1458,158,1516]" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">
In
<collectingRegion id="49CAF84FFFD62102FF01FC53FEF682F4" box="[222,298,914,940]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">Paraná</collectingRegion>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D2EFFD62102FEEBFC53FDB082F4" authorityName="T. D. Pennington" authorityYear="1990" box="[308,620,914,940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Chrysophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paranaense">
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FEEBFC53FDB082F4" box="[308,620,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">Chrysophyllum paranaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the coastal lowland on alluvial plains and in the mountainous region of the Atlantic coast on the base of the hill slopes, near sea level to
<quantity id="4CF69B48FFD62102FC04FC77FBFF8289" box="[987,1059,950,977]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
elev., in Alluvial and Submontane Atlantic Rain Forest. Collected with flowers in January, February, November and December, and fruit in April, May and July. It can be recognized by the distichous leaves with the abaxial surface sericeous-tomentose or pubescent with hyaline to golden appressed hairs. The leaves are bicolored, green on the adaxial surface and light yellowishgreen on the abaxial surface (
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FE3AFB86FDE98538" box="[485,565,1095,1120]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">in vivo</emphasis>
), with eucampto-brochidodromous venation, and the tertiary and quaternary veins are loosely reticulate. This species shares similar morphology with
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FC62FBAAFB8B85DC" box="[957,1111,1130,1157]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D2EFFD62102FC62FBAAFB8F85DC" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[957,1107,1130,1157]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Chrysophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">C. flexuosum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and they are usually confused (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B5CFFD62102FF4FFB4FFE8585F0" author="Pennington, T. D." box="[144,345,1166,1192]" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 770" refId="ref38276" refString="Pennington, T. D. (1990) Sapotaceae. Flora Neotropica Monograph 52: 1 - 770." type="journal article" year="1990">Pennington, 1990</bibRefCitation>
). The morphology of the specimens collected in
<collectingRegion id="49CAF84FFFD62102FCB2FB4FFC6585F0" box="[877,953,1166,1192]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">Paraná</collectingRegion>
is similar to the one described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B5CFFD62102FAF3FB4FFF0F8594" author="Pennington, T. D." pageId="15" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 770" refId="ref38276" refString="Pennington, T. D. (1990) Sapotaceae. Flora Neotropica Monograph 52: 1 - 770." type="journal article" year="1990">Pennington (1990)</bibRefCitation>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D2EFFD62102FF20FB72FE7E8594" authorityName="T. D. Pennington" authorityYear="1990" box="[255,418,1203,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Chrysophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paranaense">
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FF20FB72FE7E8594" box="[255,418,1203,1229]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">C. paranaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to this autor,
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D2EFFD62102FD67FB72FC878594" authorityName="T. D. Pennington" authorityYear="1990" box="[696,859,1203,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Chrysophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paranaense">
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FD67FB72FC878594" box="[696,859,1203,1229]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">C. paranaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D2EFFD62102FC34FB72FBA18594" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[1003,1149,1202,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Chrysophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FC34FB72FBA18594" box="[1003,1149,1202,1229]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">C. flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the stem not lenticellate (
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FF4EFB16FF7485A8" box="[145,168,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">vs</emphasis>
. lenticellate or not in
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D2EFFD62102FE45FB16FDF085A8" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[410,556,1238,1265]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Chrysophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FE45FB16FDF085A8" box="[410,556,1238,1265]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">C. flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the base usually obtuse or rounded (
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FC0FFB16FC3B85A8" box="[976,999,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">vs</emphasis>
. narrowly attenuate), the abaxial surface of the leaves sericeous-tomentose or pubescent with hyaline to golden hairs (
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FC28FB3AFBD2844C" box="[1015,1038,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">vs</emphasis>
. subglabrous with silvery appressed hairs), the tertiary veins loosely reticulate (
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FDAAFADEFD4F8460" box="[629,659,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">vs.</emphasis>
parallel to secondaries or reticulate), the corolla tube longer than the lobes (
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FF0CFA82FF368404" box="[211,234,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">vs</emphasis>
. tube equalling the lobes).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136ADFFD62102FF62FAA7FEC384B4" blockId="15.[136,1458,158,1516]" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FF62FAA7FE6A84D8" bold="true" box="[189,438,1382,1408]" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">Conservation Status:</emphasis>
—This species was listed as “Data Deficient” (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE68FFD62102FC6FFAA7FC0784D8" box="[944,987,1382,1408]" country="India" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13033" name="Forest Research Institute, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" type="Herbarium">DD</collectionCode>
) by CNCFlora (2018) and as “Vulnerable” (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE68FFD62102FF4FFA4BFF6784FC" box="[144,187,1418,1444]" country="Russia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15248" name="Voronezh State University" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" type="Herbarium">VU</collectionCode>
) by IUCN (2018). In
<collectingRegion id="49CAF84FFFD62102FE1FFA4BFDD084FC" box="[448,524,1418,1444]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">Paraná</collectingRegion>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D2EFFD62102FDC8FA4AFD6284FC" authorityName="T. D. Pennington" authorityYear="1990" box="[535,702,1419,1445]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Chrysophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="15" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paranaense">
<emphasis id="B97AEABFFFD62102FDC8FA4AFD6284FC" box="[535,702,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="239">C. paranaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is irregularly distributed along the Atlantic Rain Forest and few populations are in the protected areas. The loss of habitat to agriculture or urbanization is the main problem to its conservation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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