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<mods:title id="5DD4BA40284F1453C27900C2150C7628">First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="141BA3D09AF657A05BCB9B6D50A690B2">Caze, Bruno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3F0BD0898DE99B70FEBC873D2E293B2D">Pacaud, Jean-Michel</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C3157AD5FF821E4AFF32FF2AFE6DFEC7" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB0295EFF821E4AFF32FF2AFE6DFEC7" blockId="21.[212,548,215,275]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F52DDFF821E4AFF32FF2AFD9BFF27" ID-CoL="8YP2L" authority="Jung, 1974" authorityName="Jung" authorityYear="1974" box="[212,548,215,243]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leukoleptus">
<emphasis id="B97BF54CFF821E4AFF32FF2AFE1AFF26" bold="true" box="[212,421,215,242]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Seraphs leukoleptus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E54AFFF821E4AFE4AFF25FD9BFF27" author="JUNG P." box="[428,548,216,243]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" pagination="5 - 52" refId="ref24521" refString="JUNG P. 1974. - A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Paleontographica Americana 8 (47): 5 - 52." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung, 1974</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="133435DBFF821E4AFECBFF05FEC5FEC7" box="[301,378,248,275]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[114,1209,215,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-152@18.[117,1206,240,1451]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 11.— Seraphs Montfort,1810 shells in normal light:A-C, Seraphs sp.1, MNHN A25011 (Faullummel coll.),Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val dOise, France, Lutetian; A, ventral view; B, labral view; C, dorsal view; D, E, Seraphs sp. 2, MNHN A28887 (de Morgan coll.), Fresville (Coteau de Vauville), Manche, France, Lutetian; D, labral view; E, dorsal view; F-I, S. leukoleptus Jung, 1974; F, H, I, neotype, MNHN A28781 (Ledon leg.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian; F, ventral view; H, dorsal view; I, labral view; G, MNHN A28968 (Houdas coll.), Chaussy, Lutetian, detailed view of the oblique grooves. Scale bars: A-F, H, I, 10 mm; G, 5 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381174/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Figs 11</figureCitation>
F-I; 13)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3157AD5FF821E4AFF97FECDFF5FFD93" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB0295EFF821E4AFF97FECDFF58FEB7" blockId="21.[113,646,304,355]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1F0E70FF821E4AFF97FECDFF58FEB7" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">
<treatmentCitation id="0AAE0F4FFF821E4AFF97FECDFE76FE9D" author="JUNG P." box="[113,457,304,329]" page="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" year="1974">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F52DDFF821E4AFF97FECDFE76FE9D" ID-CoL="8YP2L" authority="Jung, 1974: 23" authorityName="Jung" authorityPageNumber="23" authorityYear="1974" box="[113,457,304,329]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leukoleptus">
<emphasis id="B97BF54CFF821E4AFF97FECDFE95FE9C" box="[113,298,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Seraphs leukoleptus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E54AFFF821E4AFED6FECCFE76FE9D" author="JUNG P." box="[304,457,305,329]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" pagination="5 - 52" refId="ref24521" refString="JUNG P. 1974. - A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Paleontographica Americana 8 (47): 5 - 52." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung, 1974: 23</bibRefCitation>
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, 24, pl. 6, figs 1-3, text-fig. 17.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0295EFF821E4AFF94FE86FEB0FE36" blockId="21.[112,646,379,482]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1F0E70FF821E4AFF94FE86FEB0FE36" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F52DDFF821E4AFF94FE86FE17FE47" authorityName="de Gregorio" authorityYear="1880" box="[114,424,379,403]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fusiformopse" subGenus="Seraphs">
<emphasis id="B97BF54CFF821E4AFF94FE86FF67FE47" box="[114,216,379,403]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Terebellum</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BF54CFF821E4AFF02FE86FE96FE47" box="[228,297,379,403]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Seraphs</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B97BF54CFF821E4AFED0FE86FE17FE47" box="[310,424,379,403]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">fusiformopse</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0AAE0F4FFF821E4AFE58FE86FD3DFE47" author="COSSMANN M." box="[446,642,379,403]" page="97" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" year="1889">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E54AFFF821E4AFE58FE86FD3DFE47" author="COSSMANN M." box="[446,642,379,403]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" pagination="3 - 385" refId="ref23409" refString="COSSMANN M. 1889. - Catalogue illustre des coquilles fossiles de l'Eocene des environs de Paris (4 e fascicule). Annales de la Societe royale malacologique de Belgique 24: 3 - 385." type="journal article" year="1889">Cossmann 1889: 97</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 3, figs 3, 4; 1904: 46
<emphasis id="B97BF54CFF821E4AFEB7FE6BFE2FFE79" box="[337,400,406,429]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">partim</emphasis>
. —
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E54AFFF821E4AFE5EFE68FF19FE1C" author="COSSMANN M. &amp; PISSARRO G." pageId="21" pageNumber="438" pagination="26 - 45" refId="ref23645" refString="COSSMANN M. &amp; PISSARRO G. 1911. - Iconographie complete des coquilles fossiles de l'Eocene des environs de Paris. Tome 2. Hermann, Paris, pls 26 - 45." type="book chapter" year="1911">Cossmann &amp; Pissarro 1911</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 31, fig. 158-3. Non
<taxonomicName id="4C0F52DDFF821E4AFE6DFE52FEB4FE36" authority="de Gregorio, 1880" authorityName="de Gregorio" authorityYear="1880" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fusiformopse">
<emphasis id="B97BF54CFF821E4AFE6DFE52FDD6FE1C" box="[395,617,431,456]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Terebellum fusiformopse</emphasis>
de
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E54AFFF821E4AFF97FE37FEB4FE36" author="GREGORIO A. DE" box="[113,267,458,482]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" refId="ref24397" refString="GREGORIO A. DE 1880. - Fauna di San Giovanni Ilarione (Parisiano). Parte 1 a: Cefalopodi e Gastropodi, Montaina &amp; C., Palermo, i-xxviii + 110 p." type="book" year="1880">Gregorio, 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0295EFF821E4AFF97FE04FF5FFD93" blockId="21.[113,646,505,583]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1F0E70FF821E4AFF97FE04FF5FFD93" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F52DDFF821E4AFF97FE04FE91FDC5" ID-CoL="8YP2L" authorityName="Jung" authorityYear="1974" box="[113,302,505,529]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leukoleptus">
<emphasis id="B97BF54CFF821E4AFF97FE04FE91FDC5" box="[113,302,505,529]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Seraphs leukoleptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0AAE0F4FFF821E4AFEAAFE07FDACFDC6" author="LE RENARD J." box="[332,531,506,530]" page="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E54AFFF821E4AFEAAFE07FDACFDC6" author="LE RENARD J." box="[332,531,506,530]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref25050" refString="LE RENARD J. 1992. - Notes de nomenclature sur quelques Mollusques caracteristiques de l'Eocene du Bassin de Paris. Cossmanniana 1 (2 - 4): 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1992">Le Renard 1992: 6</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="0AAE0F4FFF821E4AFDA4FE07FE3DFDF8" author="LE RENARD J. &amp; PACAUD J. - M." page="112" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E54AFFF821E4AFDA4FE07FE3DFDF8" author="LE RENARD J. &amp; PACAUD J. - M." pageId="21" pageNumber="438" pagination="65 - 132" refId="ref25125" refString="LE RENARD J. &amp; PACAUD J. - M. 1995. - Revision des Mollusques paleogenes du Bassin de Paris. 2: Liste des references primaires des especes. Cossmanniana 3 (3): 65 - 132." type="journal article" year="1995">Le Renard &amp; Pacaud 1995: 112</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="0AAE0F4FFF821E4AFE56FDE9FF63FD93" author="LE RENARD J. &amp; PACAUD J. - M." page="162" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E54AFFF821E4AFE56FDE9FF63FD93" author="LE RENARD J. &amp; PACAUD J. - M." pageId="21" pageNumber="438" pagination="65 - 132" refId="ref25125" refString="LE RENARD J. &amp; PACAUD J. - M. 1995. - Revision des Mollusques paleogenes du Bassin de Paris. 2: Liste des references primaires des especes. Cossmanniana 3 (3): 65 - 132." type="journal article" year="1995">Pacaud &amp; Le Renard 1995: 162</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="54B497FCFF821E4AFF97FDA3FF1DFDA2" box="[113,162,606,630]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Type</typeStatus>
locality. — Chaussy, Les Garennes (Val dOise,
<collectingCountry id="F31869CEFF821E4AFF95FD84FF07FD45" box="[115,184,633,657]" name="France" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">France</collectingCountry>
), Lutetian (Middle Eocene).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0295EFF821E4AFF97FD54FED6FC7A" blockId="21.[112,648,680,942]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">
<materialsCitation id="3B672303FF821E4AFF97FD54FED6FC7A" accessionNumber="A28781" collectionCode="TYPE, MATERIAL, UCBL, MNHN, ICZN" collectorName="Deshayes &amp; Les Garennes &amp; Chaussy &amp; Unfortunately &amp; Ledon" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="ED1EB19BFF821E4AFF97FD54FEBFFD6B" box="[113,256,681,704]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">TYPE MATERIAL</collectionCode>
. —
<typeStatus id="54B497FCFF821E4AFEC1FD55FE3EFD14" box="[295,385,680,704]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectorName id="26FA4C88FF821E4AFE6AFD55FE59FD14" box="[396,486,680,704]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Deshayes</collectorName>
coll.);
<specimenCount id="9D09E2D7FF821E4AFDC2FD55FD39FD14" box="[548,646,680,704]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">1 paratype</specimenCount>
(
<collectorName id="26FA4C88FF821E4AFF90FD3EFF6EFD0F" box="[118,209,707,731]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Deshayes</collectorName>
coll.,
<collectorName id="26FA4C88FF821E4AFEEFFD3EFE33FD0F" box="[265,396,707,731]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Les Garennes</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26FA4C88FF821E4AFE72FD3EFE56FD0F" box="[404,489,707,731]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Chaussy</collectorName>
).
<collectorName id="26FA4C88FF821E4AFE11FD3EFD3EFD0F" box="[503,641,707,731]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Unfortunately</collectorName>
, the type material of this species has not been found in the
<collectorName id="26FA4C88FF821E4AFF7DFD05FF46FCC4" box="[155,249,760,784]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Deshayes</collectorName>
collection, deposited at the
<collectionCode id="ED1EB19BFF821E4AFDC2FD05FDD3FCC4" box="[548,620,760,784]" country="France" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2dzr-gk4t" name="Centre de Paleontologie Stratigraphique et Paleoecologie" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">UCBL</collectionCode>
. A
<typeStatus id="54B497FCFF821E4AFF95FCEFFF7FFCFE" box="[115,192,786,810]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
designation is needed to clarify the taxonomic status of this species. A
<typeStatus id="54B497FCFF821E4AFEBAFCD0FE16FC91" box="[348,425,813,837]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
from the type locality (
<collectionCode id="ED1EB19BFF821E4AFF9FFCBAFF72FC8B" box="[121,205,839,863]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">MNHN</collectionCode>
A28781,
<collectorName id="26FA4C88FF821E4AFED6FCBAFED0FC8B" box="[304,367,839,863]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Ledon</collectorName>
leg.;
<figureCitation id="133435DBFF821E4AFE42FCBAFD91FC8B" box="[420,558,839,863]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[114,1209,215,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-152@18.[117,1206,240,1451]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 11.— Seraphs Montfort,1810 shells in normal light:A-C, Seraphs sp.1, MNHN A25011 (Faullummel coll.),Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val dOise, France, Lutetian; A, ventral view; B, labral view; C, dorsal view; D, E, Seraphs sp. 2, MNHN A28887 (de Morgan coll.), Fresville (Coteau de Vauville), Manche, France, Lutetian; D, labral view; E, dorsal view; F-I, S. leukoleptus Jung, 1974; F, H, I, neotype, MNHN A28781 (Ledon leg.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian; F, ventral view; H, dorsal view; I, labral view; G, MNHN A28968 (Houdas coll.), Chaussy, Lutetian, detailed view of the oblique grooves. Scale bars: A-F, H, I, 10 mm; G, 5 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381174/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Figs 11F, H, I</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="133435DBFF821E4AFDDFFCBAFDEFFC8B" box="[569,592,839,863]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[114,1210,215,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-116@20.[113,1210,227,1513]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 13. — Seraphs leukoleptus Jung, 1974, under UV light: A-C, neotype, MNHN A28781 (Ledon leg.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val dOise,France,Lutetian;A, dorsal view;B, detailed view of the dots;C, abapertural view; D-H, MNHN A28968 (Houdas coll.),Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian; D, ventral view; E, F, abapertural views (E negative view); G, dorsal view; H, detailed view of the dots. Scale bars: A, C-G, 10 mm; B, H, 2 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda and P. Loubry (MNHN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381178/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">13</figureCitation>
A-D) is thus chosen here. Th is initiative conforms to the rules specified by the
<collectionCode id="ED1EB19BFF821E4AFEF3FC81FEEBFC40" box="[277,340,892,916]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">ICZN</collectionCode>
(1999: art. 75), as regards the designation of a
<typeStatus id="54B497FCFF821E4AFEF2FC6BFEDAFC7A" box="[276,357,918,942]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0295EFF821E4AFF97FC3AFDEFFC0A" blockId="21.[113,592,966,991]" box="[113,592,966,991]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">
<collectionCode id="ED1EB19BFF821E4AFF97FC3AFE39FC08" box="[113,390,967,991]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED</collectionCode>
. — See Appendix 1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3157AD5FF821E4AFF97FBEDFBFEFDE4" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB0295EFF821E4AFF97FBEDFEBDFBFC" blockId="21.[111,647,1040,1447]" box="[113,258,1040,1066]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0295EFF821E4AFF97FBD2FF1CFB9D" blockId="21.[111,647,1040,1447]" box="[113,163,1071,1097]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B97BF54CFF821E4AFF97FBD2FF1CFB9D" box="[113,163,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Shell</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0295EFF821E4AFF97FBB2FE40FA73" blockId="21.[111,647,1040,1447]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">
Shell up to
<quantity id="4CF784BBFF821E4AFF00FBB2FE8CFBBE" box="[230,307,1103,1130]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" unit="mm" value="36.0">36 mm</quantity>
in height and
<quantity id="4CF784BBFF821E4AFE21FBB2FDB9FBBE" box="[455,518,1103,1130]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
in diameter, very slender and elongated, with straight and almost parallel sides (
<figureCitation id="133435DBFF821E4AFF1EFB73FED3FB7D" box="[248,364,1166,1193]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[114,1209,215,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-152@18.[117,1206,240,1451]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 11.— Seraphs Montfort,1810 shells in normal light:A-C, Seraphs sp.1, MNHN A25011 (Faullummel coll.),Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val dOise, France, Lutetian; A, ventral view; B, labral view; C, dorsal view; D, E, Seraphs sp. 2, MNHN A28887 (de Morgan coll.), Fresville (Coteau de Vauville), Manche, France, Lutetian; D, labral view; E, dorsal view; F-I, S. leukoleptus Jung, 1974; F, H, I, neotype, MNHN A28781 (Ledon leg.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian; F, ventral view; H, dorsal view; I, labral view; G, MNHN A28968 (Houdas coll.), Chaussy, Lutetian, detailed view of the oblique grooves. Scale bars: A-F, H, I, 10 mm; G, 5 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381174/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Fig.11F, H</figureCitation>
). Aperture long and narrow. Callus of the inner lip very thin, but well delineated, continuing adapically on the spire and forming a narrow band parallel to the outer lip. Columella slightly bent backwards near the base. Outer lip thickened, almost straight in labral view,opisthocline and extending to the apex (
<figureCitation id="133435DBFF821E4AFEF4FAB1FED9FAB3" box="[274,358,1356,1383]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[114,1209,215,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-152@18.[117,1206,240,1451]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 11.— Seraphs Montfort,1810 shells in normal light:A-C, Seraphs sp.1, MNHN A25011 (Faullummel coll.),Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val dOise, France, Lutetian; A, ventral view; B, labral view; C, dorsal view; D, E, Seraphs sp. 2, MNHN A28887 (de Morgan coll.), Fresville (Coteau de Vauville), Manche, France, Lutetian; D, labral view; E, dorsal view; F-I, S. leukoleptus Jung, 1974; F, H, I, neotype, MNHN A28781 (Ledon leg.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian; F, ventral view; H, dorsal view; I, labral view; G, MNHN A28968 (Houdas coll.), Chaussy, Lutetian, detailed view of the oblique grooves. Scale bars: A-F, H, I, 10 mm; G, 5 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381174/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Fig. 11I</figureCitation>
). Shallow siphonal notch on the dorsal side of the shell (
<figureCitation id="133435DBFF821E4AFE6BFA91FE4FFA53" box="[397,496,1388,1415]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[114,1209,215,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-152@18.[117,1206,240,1451]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 11.— Seraphs Montfort,1810 shells in normal light:A-C, Seraphs sp.1, MNHN A25011 (Faullummel coll.),Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val dOise, France, Lutetian; A, ventral view; B, labral view; C, dorsal view; D, E, Seraphs sp. 2, MNHN A28887 (de Morgan coll.), Fresville (Coteau de Vauville), Manche, France, Lutetian; D, labral view; E, dorsal view; F-I, S. leukoleptus Jung, 1974; F, H, I, neotype, MNHN A28781 (Ledon leg.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian; F, ventral view; H, dorsal view; I, labral view; G, MNHN A28968 (Houdas coll.), Chaussy, Lutetian, detailed view of the oblique grooves. Scale bars: A-F, H, I, 10 mm; G, 5 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381174/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Fig. 11H</figureCitation>
). Few oblique faint grooves near the base (
<figureCitation id="133435DBFF821E4AFE76FA71FE4EFA73" box="[400,497,1420,1447]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[114,1209,215,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-152@18.[117,1206,240,1451]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 11.— Seraphs Montfort,1810 shells in normal light:A-C, Seraphs sp.1, MNHN A25011 (Faullummel coll.),Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val dOise, France, Lutetian; A, ventral view; B, labral view; C, dorsal view; D, E, Seraphs sp. 2, MNHN A28887 (de Morgan coll.), Fresville (Coteau de Vauville), Manche, France, Lutetian; D, labral view; E, dorsal view; F-I, S. leukoleptus Jung, 1974; F, H, I, neotype, MNHN A28781 (Ledon leg.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian; F, ventral view; H, dorsal view; I, labral view; G, MNHN A28968 (Houdas coll.), Chaussy, Lutetian, detailed view of the oblique grooves. Scale bars: A-F, H, I, 10 mm; G, 5 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda (MNHN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381174/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Fig. 11G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0295EFF821E4AFF97FA36FEB5FA31" blockId="21.[111,647,1483,1700]" box="[113,266,1483,1509]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B97BF54CFF821E4AFF97FA36FEB5FA31" box="[113,266,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Colour pattern</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0295EFF821E4AFF97FA16FD97F970" blockId="21.[111,647,1483,1700]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">
The residual pattern is only composed of 2 levels of residual pigmentation: dark dots on a lighter background (
<figureCitation id="133435DBFF821E4AFF2FF9D7FEACF991" box="[201,275,1578,1605]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[114,1210,215,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-116@20.[113,1210,227,1513]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 13. — Seraphs leukoleptus Jung, 1974, under UV light: A-C, neotype, MNHN A28781 (Ledon leg.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val dOise,France,Lutetian;A, dorsal view;B, detailed view of the dots;C, abapertural view; D-H, MNHN A28968 (Houdas coll.),Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian; D, ventral view; E, F, abapertural views (E negative view); G, dorsal view; H, detailed view of the dots. Scale bars: A, C-G, 10 mm; B, H, 2 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda and P. Loubry (MNHN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381178/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). Th e dark dots are small and spirally elongated forming narrow triangles (
<figureCitation id="133435DBFF821E4AFE0FF9B7FD8FF9B1" box="[489,560,1610,1637]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[114,1210,215,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-116@20.[113,1210,227,1513]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 13. — Seraphs leukoleptus Jung, 1974, under UV light: A-C, neotype, MNHN A28781 (Ledon leg.), Chaussy (Les Garennes), Val dOise,France,Lutetian;A, dorsal view;B, detailed view of the dots;C, abapertural view; D-H, MNHN A28968 (Houdas coll.),Chaussy (Les Garennes), Lutetian; D, ventral view; E, F, abapertural views (E negative view); G, dorsal view; H, detailed view of the dots. Scale bars: A, C-G, 10 mm; B, H, 2 mm. Photographs by C. Lemzaouda and P. Loubry (MNHN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381178/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
B-C, I). These triangles, orientated towards the outer lip, are irregularly spread over the whole surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0295EFF821E4AFD43FF24FC81FF24" blockId="21.[675,1212,217,560]" box="[677,830,217,243]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">COMPARISONS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0295EFF821E4AFD43FF0AFBFEFDE4" blockId="21.[675,1212,217,560]" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F52DDFF821E4AFD43FF0AFCD9FEC5" authorityName="Jung" authorityYear="1974" box="[677,870,247,273]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leukoleptus">
<emphasis id="B97BF54CFF821E4AFD43FF0AFCD9FEC5" box="[677,870,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">Seraphs leukoleptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species having a shell with straight and almost parallel sides. Moreover, it is easily distinguished from the other species by a shallow siphonal notch. Th e pattern of
<taxonomicName id="4C0F52DDFF821E4AFBA5FEAAFD7CFE44" authorityName="Jung" authorityYear="1974" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leukoleptus">
<emphasis id="B97BF54CFF821E4AFBA5FEAAFD7CFE44" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">S. leukoleptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguishable from the other patterns by its dots. Th ey do not form rows, as observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0F52DDFF821E4AFB41FE6BFCBDFE1B" baseAuthorityName="Solander &amp; Brander" baseAuthorityYear="1766" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="volutatus">
<emphasis id="B97BF54CFF821E4AFB41FE6BFCBDFE1B" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">S. volutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0F52DDFF821E4AFCD0FE4BFC14FE1B" baseAuthorityName="Cossmann" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[822,939,437,464]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="438" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="B97BF54CFF821E4AFCD0FE4BFC14FE1B" box="[822,939,437,464]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="438">S. olivaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover, these dots are composed of only one level of residual pigmentation, while the other species have dots composed of two levels of residual pigmentation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>