treatments-xml/data/03/A4/E6/03A4E6500B0AFFECFF5AF8482DD4A35D.xml

<document id="D4EA515418493B57003559E517649696" ID-CLB-Dataset="31844" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4277.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c755a855-c47b-4da1-b7e0-7264a5225604" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1010364" ID-ZooBank="FEA3BBA6-1BAA-4584-932F-B2FE5BC2C648" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1497510497879" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chapman, Sandra D." docDate="2017" docId="03A4E6500B0AFFECFF5AF8482DD4A35D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4277.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4277 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chelonoidis marcanoi Chapman 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FF9D9E280B09FFE6FFCDFFCF2E09A66D" masterDocTitle="A new species of extinct Late Quaternary giant tortoise from Hispaniola" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698440522001" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="869D8540D119BFED087B4658E57C266E">A new species of extinct Late Quaternary giant tortoise from Hispaniola</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CD6FF1B7034371503246C6124AED3E6E">Chapman, Sandra D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="0CE30DF03D78D4C3A8D0F1EDC10D98C2">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A4E6500B0AFFECFF5AF8482DD4A35D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6051677" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135435484" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6051677" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4E6500B0AFFECFF5AF8482DD4A35D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A4E6500B0AFFECFF5AF8482DD4A35D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="C31704CD0B0AFFE5FF5AF8482C01A1CC" box="[151,520,1927,1953]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB257460B0AFFE5FF5AF8482C01A1CC" blockId="3.[151,520,1927,1953]" box="[151,520,1927,1953]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0FAE02A0B0AFFE5FF5AF8482C01A1CC" bold="true" box="[151,520,1927,1953]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0AFFE5FF5AF8482C01A1CC" bold="true" box="[151,520,1927,1953]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0AFFE5FF5AF8482FAAA1CC" authority="Chapman, 2017" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,419,1927,1953]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marcanoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0AFFE5FF5AF8482FAAA1CC" bold="true" box="[151,419,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chelonoidis marcanoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A362F0B0AFFE5FE67F8482C01A1CC" box="[426,520,1927,1953]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31704CD0B0AFFE3FF5AF8022A4BA25B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB257460B0AFFE5FF5AF8022AAFA18B" blockId="3.[151,1190,1997,2023]" box="[151,1190,1997,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0AFFE5FF5AF8022F02A18B" bold="true" box="[151,267,1997,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Holotype.</emphasis>
Right humerus (NHMUK PV R 36954), collected on 
<date id="FFB371860B0AFFE5FCA4F8012DF6A18B" box="[873,1023,1998,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2007-05-12">12 May 2007</date>
(
<figureCitation id="13364BC30B0AFFE5FBC0F8022A93A18B" box="[1037,1178,1997,2022]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,183,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1426,159,1905]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Humeri of Chelonoidis marcanoi sp. nov. from Pedernales Province, Dominican Republic: a – b, NHMUK PV R 36954 (holotype), right humerus, anterior and medial views; c – d, MNHNSD FOS 23.1064, left proximal humerus, medial and lateral views; e – f, MNHNSD FOS 23.1058, right humerus, anterior and lateral views; g – h, MNHNSD FOS 23.1054, left humerus, anterior and medial views; i, MNHNSD FOS 23.1059, right distal humerus, anterior view; j – k, MNHNSD FOS 23.1057, left humerus (young individual), anterior and medial views. Scale bar = 2 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010368/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 2a–b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7207CE0B0DFFE2FF5AF8AD2DF5A19F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010368/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[191,1395,183,1858]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BB257460B0DFFE2FF5AF8AD2DF5A19F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1890,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0DFFE2FF5AF8AD2F1DA11A" bold="true" box="[151,276,1890,1912]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Humeri of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0DFFE2FE40F8AD2C66A115" authority="Chapman, 2017" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="2017" box="[397,623,1890,1912]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marcanoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0DFFE2FE40F8AD2C66A115" box="[397,623,1890,1912]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chelonoidis marcanoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0DFFE2FDBAF8AD2CC0A11A" bold="true" box="[631,713,1890,1911]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A362F0B0DFFE2FDBAF8AD2CC0A11A" box="[631,713,1890,1911]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from Pedernales Province, Dominican Republic: a–b, NHMUK PV R 36954 (holotype), right humerus, anterior and medial views; c–d, MNHNSD FOS 23.1064, left proximal humerus, medial and lateral views; e–f, MNHNSD FOS 23.1058, right humerus, anterior and lateral views; g–h, MNHNSD FOS 23.1054, left humerus, anterior and medial views; i, MNHNSD FOS 23.1059, right distal humerus, anterior view; j–k, MNHNSD FOS 23.1057, left humerus (young individual), anterior and medial views. Scale bar=2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7207CE0B0CFFE3FF5AFD212C40A52C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010370/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[162,1426,201,723]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BB257460B0CFFE3FF5AFD212C40A52C" blockId="5.[151,1436,750,833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FF5AFD212F1DA56E" bold="true" box="[151,276,750,772]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Femora of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0CFFE3FE41FD212C67A569" authority="Chapman, 2017" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="2017" box="[396,622,750,772]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marcanoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FE41FD212C67A569" box="[396,622,750,772]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chelonoidis marcanoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FDBBFD202CC1A569" bold="true" box="[630,712,751,772]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A362F0B0CFFE3FDBBFD202CC1A569" box="[630,712,751,772]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from Pedernales Province, Dominican Republic: a–c, MNHNSD FOS 23.1063, left femur (young individual), lateral, anterior and medial views; d–e, MNHNSD FOS 23.1055, right distal femur, anterior and lateral views. Scale bar=2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB257460B0CFFE3FF0AFCA62AAEA5EF" blockId="5.[151,1437,873,2014]" box="[199,1191,873,898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FF0AFCA62F4FA5EF" bold="true" box="[199,326,873,898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paratypes.</emphasis>
NHMUK PV R 36955; MNHNSD FOS 23.1054-23.1064; UF 26095-26100.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB257460B0CFFE3FF0AFC432B83A5C8" blockId="5.[151,1437,873,2014]" box="[199,1418,908,934]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<materialsCitation id="3B655D1B0B0CFFE3FF0AFC432B83A5C8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671737247" box="[199,1418,908,934]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Dominican Republic" location="Cueva" municipality="Papayo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pedernales Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FF0AFC432F6CA5C8" bold="true" box="[199,357,908,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="54B6E9E40B0CFFE3FF0AFC432F0BA5C8" box="[199,258,908,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="8ED2019D0B0CFFE3FEA1FC422FBDA5C8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4E6500B0AFFECFF5AF8482DD4A35D:8ED2019D0B0CFFE3FEA1FC422FBDA5C8" box="[364,436,909,933]" country="Dominican Republic" municipality="Papayo" name="Cueva" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Pedernales Province">Cueva</location>
del 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD6CD3C0B0CFFE3FE29FC412C30A5CB" box="[484,569,910,934]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Papayo</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49C999A40B0CFFE3FD89FC432D25A5C8" box="[580,812,908,933]" country="Dominican Republic" name="Pedernales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pedernales Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31A17D60B0CFFE3FCFBFC432A17A5C8" box="[822,1054,908,933]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1CCF830B0CFFE3FBE0FC422A90A5C8" box="[1069,1177,909,933]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">NHMUK</collectionCode>
PV R 36954-36955).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB257460B0CFFE3FF0AFC7E2A4BA25B" blockId="5.[151,1437,873,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<materialsCitation id="3B655D1B0B0CFFE3FF0AFC7E2A63A5A7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671737250" box="[199,1130,945,970]" location="Monte Plata Province" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Monte Plata Province">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FF0AFC7E2FEDA5A7" bold="true" box="[199,484,945,970]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Other known localities.</emphasis>
Unnamed cave near Bayaguana, 
<collectingRegion id="49C999A40B0CFFE3FCA1FC7D2A63A5A7" box="[876,1130,945,970]" country="Dominican Republic" name="Monte Plata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Monte 
<collectingRegion id="49C999A40B0CFFE3FC0DFC7E2A63A5A7" box="[960,1130,945,970]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Plata Province</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B655D1B0B0CFFE3FBB5FC7E2FCFA580" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671737248" country="Dominican Republic" location="No" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="No">
<collectingCountry id="F31A17D60B0CFFE3FBB5FC7E2B6DA5A7" box="[1144,1380,945,970]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
(UF 26095-26100); Cueva 
<collectingRegion id="49C999A40B0CFFE3FE6CFC192FCFA580" box="[417,454,982,1005]" country="Haiti" name="Nord" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">No</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B655D1B0B0CFFE3FE14FC1A2FE6A25B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671737249" collectionCode="MNHNSD" country="Haiti" county="Cueva" location="Cueva" municipality="Muerto" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCode="FOS 23.1054-23.1056, FOS 23.1057-23.1062, FOS 23.1063, FOS 23.1064" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pedernales Province">
12 (
<collectionCode id="ED1CCF830B0CFFE3FDC7FC1A2C8CA580" box="[522,645,981,1005]" country="Dominican Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/736g-snne" name="Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santo Domingo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MNHNSD</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBABFF3D0B0CFFE3FD59FC1A2D90A583" box="[660,921,981,1006]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FOS 23.1054-23.1056</specimenCode>
), Cueva de Las 
<collectingCountry id="F31A17D60B0CFFE3FBA5FC192AC3A583" box="[1128,1226,982,1006]" name="Haiti" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1CCF830B0CFFE3FB12FC1A2B53A580" box="[1247,1370,981,1005]" country="Dominican Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/736g-snne" name="Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santo Domingo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MNHNSD</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBABFF3D0B0CFFE3FAA4FC1A2F52A27F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FOS 23.1057-23.1062</specimenCode>
), 
<collectingCounty id="62D32FCA0B0CFFE3FEB9FC362FB5A27C" box="[372,444,1017,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cueva</collectingCounty>
del 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD6CD3C0B0CFFE3FE34FC352C42A27C" box="[505,587,1018,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Muerto</collectingMunicipality>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1CCF830B0CFFE3FDADFC362CD2A27C" box="[608,731,1017,1041]" country="Dominican Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/736g-snne" name="Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santo Domingo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MNHNSD</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBABFF3D0B0CFFE3FD24FC362D8EA27F" box="[745,903,1017,1042]" collectionCode="FOS" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FOS 23.1063</specimenCode>
) and 
<location id="8ED2019D0B0CFFE3FC1FFC362A13A27C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4E6500B0AFFECFF5AF8482DD4A35D:8ED2019D0B0CFFE3FC1FFC362A13A27C" box="[978,1050,1017,1041]" country="Haiti" county="Cueva" municipality="Muerto" name="Cueva" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Pedernales Province">Cueva</location>
de las 
<location id="8ED2019D0B0CFFE3FBB1FC362AC2A27F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4E6500B0AFFECFF5AF8482DD4A35D:8ED2019D0B0CFFE3FBB1FC362AC2A27F" box="[1148,1227,1017,1042]" country="Haiti" county="Cueva" municipality="Muerto" name="Caritas" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Pedernales Province">Caritas</location>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1CCF830B0CFFE3FB2DFC362B52A27C" box="[1248,1371,1017,1041]" country="Dominican Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/736g-snne" name="Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santo Domingo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MNHNSD</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBABFF3D0B0CFFE3FAA4FC362EFEA25B" collectionCode="FOS" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FOS 23.1064</specimenCode>
), 
<collectingRegion id="49C999A40B0CFFE3FEC4FBD22FE6A25B" box="[265,495,1053,1078]" country="Dominican Republic" name="Pedernales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pedernales Province</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
, Dominican Republic. Only known from Hispaniola.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31704CD0B0CFFE3FF0AFB8E2D4EA210" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB257460B0CFFE3FF0AFB8E2D4EA210" blockId="5.[151,1437,873,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FF0AFB8E2F47A237" bold="true" box="[199,334,1089,1114]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology.</emphasis>
After Professor Eugenio de Jesús Marcano, who collected the first giant tortoise fossils discovered on Hispaniola that were described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B0CFFE3FDF3FBA92D4DA210" author="Franz" box="[574,836,1125,1150]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Franz, R. &amp; Woods, C. A. (1983) A fossil tortoise from Hispaniola. Journal of Herpetology, 17, 79 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1563787" type="journal article" year="1983">Franz &amp; Woods (1983)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31704CD0B0CFFE3FF0AFB462A4AA388" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB257460B0CFFE3FF0AFB462A4AA388" blockId="5.[151,1437,873,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FF0AFB462F48A2CF" bold="true" box="[199,321,1161,1186]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Thin-shelled, large-bodied testudinid tortoise with adult humerus much larger than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0CFFE3FA4FFB452F12A2AB" authorityName="Franz &amp; Franz" authorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburyorum">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FA4FFB452F12A2AB" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. alburyorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but probably smaller than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0CFFE3FDB1FB612D3AA2AB" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[636,819,1197,1222]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Emys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sombrerensis">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FDB1FB612D3AA2AB" box="[636,819,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. sombrerensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; humerus more slender than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0CFFE3FB61FB612B5CA2AB" authorityName="Franz &amp; Franz" authorityYear="2009" box="[1196,1365,1197,1222]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburyorum">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FB61FB612B5CA2AB" box="[1196,1365,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. alburyorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0CFFE3FA4FFB612EFEA287" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cubensis">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FA4FFB612EFEA287" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. cubensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0CFFE3FECBFB1D2FD2A287" box="[262,475,1233,1258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="subSpecies" species="latissimus" subSpecies="dorsi">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FECBFB1D2FD2A287" box="[262,475,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. latissimus dorsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
muscle scar on lateral surface better defined than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0CFFE3FBEAFB1D2AA6A284" box="[1063,1199,1234,1257]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monensis">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FBEAFB1D2AA6A284" box="[1063,1199,1234,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. monensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but not as prominent as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0CFFE3FF18FB392F51A363" box="[213,344,1269,1294]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cubensis">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FF18FB392F51A363" box="[213,344,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. cubensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; humeral shaft rounded/oval or slightly triangular and approximately as long as wide in middle shaft cross-section, unlike the narrower, deeper shaft of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0CFFE3FCDCFAD52D9AA35F" box="[785,915,1305,1330]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cubensis">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FCDCFAD52D9AA35F" box="[785,915,1305,1330]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. cubensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Femur with maximum distal width markedly greater than maximum proximal width in single available young specimen, versus the equal proximal and distal widths shown by 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0CFFE3FE90FAAD2C0BA317" authorityName="Franz &amp; Franz" authorityYear="2009" box="[349,514,1377,1402]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburyorum">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FE90FAAD2C0BA317" box="[349,514,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. alburyorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. External carapace surface showing sulci with edges raised as distinct low ridges, unlike the indistinct and scarcely apparent sulci of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0CFFE3FD30FA492D82A3F0" box="[765,907,1414,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monensis">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FD30FA492D82A3F0" box="[765,907,1414,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. monensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0CFFE3FC52FA492A51A3F3" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[927,1112,1413,1438]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Emys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sombrerensis">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FC52FA492A51A3F3" box="[927,1112,1413,1438]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. sombrerensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the undescribed giant tortoises from 
<collectingCountry id="F31A17D60B0CFFE3FEF2FA652F95A3AC" box="[319,412,1450,1473]" name="Navassa Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Navassa</collectingCountry>
and New Providence; gular scutes much shorter than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0CFFE3FBFDFA652ABAA3AF" box="[1072,1203,1449,1474]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cubensis">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FBFDFA652ABAA3AF" box="[1072,1203,1449,1474]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. cubensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with sulci defining their posterior border curving posteriorly rather than anteriorly as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0CFFE3FC5AFA012A35A38B" authorityName="Franz &amp; Franz" authorityYear="2009" box="[919,1084,1485,1510]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburyorum">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FC5AFA012A35A38B" box="[919,1084,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. alburyorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31704CD0B0CFFEFFF0AFA3E2EE0A555" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB257460B0CFFE0FF0AFA3E2DE7A709" blockId="5.[151,1437,873,2014]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FF0AFA3E2F50A067" bold="true" box="[199,345,1521,1546]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</emphasis>
Humerus: Shaft straight along proximal half, recurved ventrally along distal half; relatively long and slender. Proximal width across trochanters and distal width across articulating surface approximately equal. Head subspherical, slightly laterally compressed, oriented anteriorly at almost 90°. Trochanteric tuberosities straight, diverging proximally at about 40°; posterior edges raised up as narrow laterally flattened ridges at their base, becoming more rounded towards proximal surfaces. Intertrochanteric fossa short, deep, with roughened surface at distal end. Lesser trochanter short; proximal surface flattened, almost level with midline of humeral head in well-preserved specimens. Greater trochanter much longer, extending considerably beyond upper surface of humeral head; proximal surface rounded. Prominent, relatively deep and oval 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0CFFE3FC30F9212ADBA16B" box="[1021,1234,1773,1798]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="subSpecies" species="latissimus" subSpecies="dorsi">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FC30F9212ADBA16B" box="[1021,1234,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. latissimus dorsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
muscle scar welldefined on lateral surface of humerus in front of base of greater trochanter; with roughened inner surface. Second much shallower circular muscle scar also present on medial surface of humerus, more anteriorly situated than 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0CFFE3FAB0F8F92F42A11F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="subSpecies" species="latissimus" subSpecies="dorsi">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0CFFE3FAB0F8F92F42A11F" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. latissimus dorsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
muscle scar. 
<collectingRegion id="49C999A40B0CFFE3FE21F8962C20A11F" box="[492,553,1881,1906]" country="Haiti" name="Sud-Est" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sides</collectingRegion>
of shaft flattened immediately distal to humeral head, with anterior surface raised as narrow ridge between medial and lateral muscle scars; anterior surface becoming broader distally to form smooth, posteriorly curved and mediolaterally flattened surface across distal half of humerus. Medial surface approximately straight; lateral surface curving outwards distally, giving flared outline to humerus in anterior profile. Shaft midlength rounded/oval or slightly triangular in cross-section, approximately as long as wide. Distal anterior surface with prominent long, straight, deep and narrow incised entepicondylar groove close to medial margin, running mediodistally up to or into the medial corner of the articular surface. Posterior distal surface with two short, low raised ridges, which diverge towards distal articulating surface. Distal articulating surface of 
<typeStatus id="54B6E9E40B0FFFE0FF5AFEE82EF0A72D" box="[151,249,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
developed into two low, swollen facets that correspond to the ulnar and radial articulating surfaces; facets less developed in other specimens. Humeral measurements given in 
<tableCitation id="C68F62FD0B0FFFE0FC59FE832DE1A709" box="[916,1000,332,357]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Humeral measurements (in mm) for six specimens of Chelonoidis marcanoi sp. nov. from Pedernales Province, Dominican Republic. Asterisks indicate approximate measurement due to damaged specimen." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7207CE0B0FFFE0FF5AF8AA2B91A198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010372/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[184,1412,405,1869]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BB257460B0FFFE0FF5AF8AA2B91A198" blockId="6.[151,1436,1892,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0FFFE0FF5AF8AA2F10A117" bold="true" box="[151,281,1893,1915]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Plastron and carapace fragments of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0FFFE0FD62F8AB2D9CA116" authority="Chapman, 2017" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="2017" box="[687,917,1892,1915]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marcanoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0FFFE0FD62F8AB2D9CA116" box="[687,917,1892,1915]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chelonoidis marcanoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0FFFE0FC6EF8AA2DF0A117" bold="true" box="[931,1017,1893,1914]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A362F0B0FFFE0FC6EF8AA2DF0A117" box="[931,1017,1893,1914]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from Pedernales Province, Dominican Republic: a, d, epiplastron fragment (MNHNSD FOS 23.1056), external and internal views; b, e, epiplastron fragment (MNHNSD FOS 23.1060), external and internal views; c, h, costal fragment (NHMUK PV R 36955), internal and external views; f–g, peripheral fragment (MNHNSD FOS 23.1061), external and internal views; i–j, fragment from border of carapacial rim, including two peripherals and part of costal plate (MNHNSD FOS 23.1062), external and internal views. Scale bar=2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7207CE0B0EFFE1FF5AFC392D51A2A9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010374/files/figure.svg" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[176,1383,239,980]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BB257460B0EFFE1FF5AFC392D51A2A9" blockId="7.[151,1436,1014,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0EFFE1FF5AFC392F1DA266" bold="true" box="[151,276,1014,1036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Schematic interpretation of surface features of plastron and carapace fragments of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0EFFE1FBBEFC392B48A261" authority="Chapman, 2017" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="2017" box="[1139,1345,1014,1036]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marcanoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0EFFE1FBBEFC392B48A261" box="[1139,1345,1014,1036]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chelonois marcanoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0EFFE1FA84FC392B92A266" bold="true" box="[1353,1435,1014,1035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A362F0B0EFFE1FA84FC392B92A266" box="[1353,1435,1014,1035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from Pedernales Province, Dominican Republic, showing natural borders (thick solid lines), broken borders (dotted lines), sutures (dashed lines), external sulci (thin solid lines), and internal ridges associated with costal ribs (grey filled lines). a, external surface of epiplastron fragment (MNHNSD FOS 23.1056); b, external surface of epiplastron fragment (MNHNSD FOS 23.1060); c, internal surface of costal fragment (NHMUK PV R 36955); d, external surface of peripheral fragment (MNHNSD FOS 23.1061); e, external surface of fragment from border of carapacial rim, including two peripherals and part of costal plate (MNHNSD FOS 23.1062). All specimens drawn to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7207CE0B0EFFE1FF5AF8572B45A181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010376/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[195,1379,1271,1925]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BB257460B0EFFE1FF5AF8572B45A181" blockId="7.[151,1437,1944,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0EFFE1FF5AF8572F11A1C0" bold="true" box="[151,280,1944,1966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Schematic drawing of dermal bones of chelonian carapace (left) and plastron (right), indicating approximate estimated position of described shell fragments of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B0EFFE1FD5DF8782D53A1A0" authority="Chapman, 2017" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="2017" box="[656,858,1975,1997]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marcanoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0EFFE1FD5DF8782D53A1A0" box="[656,858,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chelonois marcanoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9798B540B0EFFE1FCACF8782DB8A1A1" bold="true" box="[865,945,1975,1996]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A362F0B0EFFE1FCACF8782DB8A1A1" box="[865,945,1975,1996]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from Pedernales Province, Dominican Republic. Original position on either the left or right side of the carapace is uncertain for the two specimens indicated with asterisks.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7207CE0B01FFEEFF5AFF572AE7A6A2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<paragraph id="8BB257460B01FFEEFF5AFF572AE7A6A2" blockId="8.[151,1435,151,207]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B01FFEEFF5AFF572F06A6C2" bold="true" box="[151,271,152,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Humeral measurements (in mm) for six specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B01FFEEFC49FF582A7FA6C2" authority="Chapman, 2017" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="2017" box="[900,1142,151,175]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marcanoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B01FFEEFC49FF582A7FA6C2" box="[900,1142,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chelonoidis marcanoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9798B540B01FFEEFB4FFF572AD4A6C2" bold="true" box="[1154,1245,152,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A362F0B01FFEEFB4FFF572AD4A6C2" box="[1154,1245,152,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from Pedernales Province, Dominican Republic. Asterisks indicate approximate measurement due to damaged specimen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB257460B01FFEEFF52FF252B50A517" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<table id="F90DA5E60B010019FF52FF252B93A5FA" box="[159,1434,234,919]" gridcols="7" gridrows="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<tr id="353D55040B010019FF52FF252B93A757" box="[159,1434,234,314]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FF52FF252F56A757" box="[159,351,234,314]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Measurement</th>
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FE4FFF252C1FA757" box="[386,534,234,314]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">NHMUK PV R 36954 (holotype)</th>
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FDE1FF252CCAA757" box="[556,707,234,314]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MNHNSD FOS 23.1054</th>
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FD16FF252D7DA757" box="[731,884,234,314]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MNHNSD FOS 23.1057</th>
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FC43FF252A2EA757" box="[910,1063,234,314]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MNHNSD FOS 23.1058</th>
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FB88FF252AD6A757" box="[1093,1247,234,314]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MNHNSD FOS 23.1059</th>
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FACDFF252B93A757" box="[1280,1434,234,314]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MNHNSD FOS 23.1064</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353D55040B010019FF52FE822B93A70F" box="[159,1434,333,354]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FF52FE822F56A70F" box="[159,351,333,354]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Total length</th>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FE4FFE822C1FA70F" box="[386,534,333,354]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">127.6</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FDE1FE822CCAA70F" box="[556,707,333,354]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">125.7</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FD16FE822D7DA70F" box="[731,884,333,354]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">86.9</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FC43FE822A2EA70F" box="[910,1063,333,354]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">100.6*</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FB88FE822AD6A70F" box="[1093,1247,333,354]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FACDFE822B93A70F" box="[1280,1434,333,354]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353D55040B010019FF52FEBA2B93A7E7" box="[159,1434,373,394]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FF52FEBA2F56A7E7" box="[159,351,373,394]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Head length</th>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FE4FFEBA2C1FA7E7" box="[386,534,373,394]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">24.9</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FDE1FEBA2CCAA7E7" box="[556,707,373,394]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">22.0*</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FD16FEBA2D7DA7E7" box="[731,884,373,394]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">16.3</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FC43FEBA2A2EA7E7" box="[910,1063,373,394]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">19.6*</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FB88FEBA2AD6A7E7" box="[1093,1247,373,394]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FACDFEBA2B93A7E7" box="[1280,1434,373,394]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">27.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353D55040B010019FF52FE522B93A7DF" box="[159,1434,413,434]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FF52FE522F56A7DF" box="[159,351,413,434]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Head width</th>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FE4FFE522C1FA7DF" box="[386,534,413,434]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">22.4</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FDE1FE522CCAA7DF" box="[556,707,413,434]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FD16FE522D7DA7DF" box="[731,884,413,434]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">15.2</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FC43FE522A2EA7DF" box="[910,1063,413,434]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FB88FE522AD6A7DF" box="[1093,1247,413,434]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FACDFE522B93A7DF" box="[1280,1434,413,434]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">22.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353D55040B010019FF52FE0A2B93A79A" box="[159,1434,453,503]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FF52FE0A2F56A79A" box="[159,351,453,503]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Width across trochanters</th>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FE4FFE0A2C1FA79A" box="[386,534,453,503]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">38.1</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FDE1FE0A2CCAA79A" box="[556,707,453,503]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">40.4</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FD16FE0A2D7DA79A" box="[731,884,453,503]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">28.2</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FC43FE0A2A2EA79A" box="[910,1063,453,503]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FB88FE0A2AD6A79A" box="[1093,1247,453,503]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FACDFE0A2B93A79A" box="[1280,1434,453,503]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353D55040B010019FF52FDC52B93A451" box="[159,1434,522,572]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FF52FDC52F56A451" box="[159,351,522,572]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lesser trochanter length</th>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FE4FFDC52C1FA451" box="[386,534,522,572]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FDE1FDC52CCAA451" box="[556,707,522,572]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">29.3</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FD16FDC52D7DA451" box="[731,884,522,572]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">22.1</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FC43FDC52A2EA451" box="[910,1063,522,572]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FB88FDC52AD6A451" box="[1093,1247,522,572]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FACDFDC52B93A451" box="[1280,1434,522,572]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353D55040B010019FF52FD802B93A4EF" box="[159,1434,591,642]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FF52FD802F56A4EF" box="[159,351,591,642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Greater trochanter length</th>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FE4FFD802C1FA4EF" box="[386,534,591,642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">51.8</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FDE1FD802CCAA4EF" box="[556,707,591,642]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">52.3</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FD16FD802D7DA4EF" box="[731,884,591,642]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">34.0</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FC43FD802A2EA4EF" box="[910,1063,591,642]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">43.5</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FB88FD802AD6A4EF" box="[1093,1247,591,642]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FACDFD802B93A4EF" box="[1280,1434,591,642]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353D55040B010019FF52FD5A2B93A4AA" box="[159,1434,661,711]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FF52FD5A2F56A4AA" box="[159,351,661,711]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Greater trochanter distance above head</th>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FE4FFD5A2C1FA4AA" box="[386,534,661,711]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">13.5</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FDE1FD5A2CCAA4AA" box="[556,707,661,711]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12.1</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FD16FD5A2D7DA4AA" box="[731,884,661,711]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">9.9</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FC43FD5A2A2EA4AA" box="[910,1063,661,711]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12.7</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FB88FD5A2AD6A4AA" box="[1093,1247,661,711]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FACDFD5A2B93A4AA" box="[1280,1434,661,711]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353D55040B010019FF52FD152B93A561" box="[159,1434,730,780]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FF52FD152F56A561" box="[159,351,730,780]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B01FFEEFF52FD152F5CA482" box="[159,341,730,751]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="subSpecies" species="latissimus" subSpecies="dorsi">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B01FFEEFF52FD152F5CA482" box="[159,341,730,751]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. latissimus dorsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
length × width
</th>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FE4FFD152C1FA561" box="[386,534,730,780]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">14.5 × 6.5</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FDE1FD152CCAA561" box="[556,707,730,780]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">16.5 × 6.0</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FD16FD152D7DA561" box="[731,884,730,780]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">10.0 × 6.7</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FC43FD152A2EA561" box="[910,1063,730,780]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12.8 × 5.8</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FB88FD152AD6A561" box="[1093,1247,730,780]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FACDFD152B93A561" box="[1280,1434,730,780]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">15.5 × 6.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353D55040B010019FF52FCD02B93A53F" box="[159,1434,799,850]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FF52FCD02F56A53F" box="[159,351,799,850]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Shaft midpoint height × width</th>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FE4FFCD02C1FA53F" box="[386,534,799,850]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">16.4 × 14.8</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FDE1FCD02CCAA53F" box="[556,707,799,850]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12.9 × 14.8</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FD16FCD02D7DA53F" box="[731,884,799,850]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">9.8 × 10.5</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FC43FCD02A2EA53F" box="[910,1063,799,850]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">13.9 × 14.0</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FB88FCD02AD6A53F" box="[1093,1247,799,850]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">14.7 × 15.2</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FACDFCD02B93A53F" box="[1280,1434,799,850]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">15.5 × 15.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353D55040B010019FF52FCAA2B93A5FA" box="[159,1434,869,919]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FF52FCAA2F56A5FA" box="[159,351,869,919]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distal articulating surface width</th>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FE4FFCAA2C1FA5FA" box="[386,534,869,919]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FDE1FCAA2CCAA5FA" box="[556,707,869,919]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">38.6</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FD16FCAA2D7DA5FA" box="[731,884,869,919]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">30.9</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FC43FCAA2A2EA5FA" box="[910,1063,869,919]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FB88FCAA2AD6A5FA" box="[1093,1247,869,919]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">40.2</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FACDFCAA2B93A5FA" box="[1280,1434,869,919]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB257460B01FFEEFF0AFC172CC1A3CD" blockId="8.[151,1437,983,1440]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Femur: Proximal morphology only available for single small specimen of young individual with spongy, incompletely formed articular surfaces (MNHNSD FOS 23.1063); adult distal femoral morphology displayed by second, incomplete specimen (MNHNSD FOS 23.1055). Femoral head damaged; probably originally spherical. Trochanters low, not extending above level of femoral head; greater trochanter slightly higher than lesser trochanter, with more rounded proximal surface. Trochanters enclose deep, rounded medial trochanteric fossa on proximal surface. Shaft flat in medial/lateral profile, with distal articulating surface curving posteriorly along distal quarter of shaft. Prominent ovoid muscle scar present on lateral shaft surface below femoral head, about one-third length along shaft. Shaft midpoint robust and approximately square in cross-section. In dorsal profile, shaft narrows slightly below head then flares laterally and expands in width across distal half of shaft, so that maximum distal width is markedly greater than maximum proximal width, and anterior surface of distal shaft is broad and flattened. 
<collectingRegion id="49C999A40B01FFEEFEDCFA8F2F3AA33A" box="[273,307,1344,1367]" country="Haiti" name="Nord" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">No</collectingRegion>
prominent grooves on distal anterior surface. Distal articulating surface shows very weak development of facets on adult specimen, defined by faint notch and corresponding to tibial and fibial articulating surfaces. Femoral measurements given in 
<tableCitation id="C68F62FD0B01FFEEFDA3FA482CCDA3CD" box="[622,708,1415,1440]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,1488,1511]" captionText="TABLE 2. Femoral measurements (in mm) for six specimens of Chelonoidis marcanoi sp. nov. from Pedernales Province, Dominican Republic. Asterisks indicate approximate measurement due to damaged specimen." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7207CE0B01FFEEFF5AFA1F2AE7A06A" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<paragraph id="8BB257460B01FFEEFF5AFA1F2AE7A06A" blockId="8.[151,1436,1487,1543]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B01FFEEFF5AFA1F2F07A38A" bold="true" box="[151,270,1488,1511]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Femoral measurements (in mm) for six specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B01FFEEFC4EFA002A7CA38A" authority="Chapman, 2017" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="2017" box="[899,1141,1487,1511]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marcanoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B01FFEEFC4EFA002A7CA38A" box="[899,1141,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chelonoidis marcanoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9798B540B01FFEEFB4CFA1F2AD5A38A" bold="true" box="[1153,1244,1488,1511]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A362F0B01FFEEFB4CFA1F2AD5A38A" box="[1153,1244,1488,1511]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from Pedernales Province, Dominican Republic. Asterisks indicate approximate measurement due to damaged specimen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB257460B01FFEEFF52F9EC2A39A15D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<table id="F90DA5E60B010019FF52F9ED2AF6A15D" box="[159,1279,1570,1840]" gridcols="3" gridrows="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<tr id="353D55040B010019FF52F9ED2AF6A055" box="[159,1279,1570,1592]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FF52F9ED2FECA055" box="[159,485,1570,1592]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Measurement</th>
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FDAAF9ED2D6BA055" box="[615,866,1570,1592]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MNHNSD FOS 23.1055</th>
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FBC9F9ED2AF6A055" box="[1028,1279,1570,1592]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MNHNSD FOS 23.1063</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353D55040B010019FF52F9832AF6A00F" box="[159,1279,1612,1634]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FF52F9832FECA00F" box="[159,485,1612,1634]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Total length</th>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FDAAF9832D6BA00F" box="[615,866,1612,1634]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FBC9F9832AF6A00F" box="[1028,1279,1612,1634]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">65.4*</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353D55040B010019FF52F9BA2AF6A0E6" box="[159,1279,1653,1675]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FF52F9BA2FECA0E6" box="[159,485,1653,1675]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Head length</th>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FDAAF9BA2D6BA0E6" box="[615,866,1653,1675]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FBC9F9BA2AF6A0E6" box="[1028,1279,1653,1675]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4.5*</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353D55040B010019FF52F9512AF6A0D9" box="[159,1279,1694,1716]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FF52F9512FECA0D9" box="[159,485,1694,1716]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Head width</th>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FDAAF9512D6BA0D9" box="[615,866,1694,1716]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FBC9F9512AF6A0D9" box="[1028,1279,1694,1716]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6.2*</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353D55040B010019FF52F9072AF6A0B3" box="[159,1279,1736,1758]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FF52F9072FECA0B3" box="[159,485,1736,1758]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Width across trochanters</th>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FDAAF9072D6BA0B3" box="[615,866,1736,1758]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FBC9F9072AF6A0B3" box="[1028,1279,1736,1758]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">18.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353D55040B010019FF52F93E2AF6A16A" box="[159,1279,1777,1799]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FF52F93E2FECA16A" box="[159,485,1777,1799]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Shaft midpoint height × width</th>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FDAAF93E2D6BA16A" box="[615,866,1777,1799]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">—</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FBC9F93E2AF6A16A" box="[1028,1279,1777,1799]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">9.1 × 7.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353D55040B010019FF52F8D52AF6A15D" box="[159,1279,1818,1840]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76EC3C780B010019FF52F8D52FECA15D" box="[159,485,1818,1840]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distal articulating surface width</th>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FDAAF8D52D6BA15D" box="[615,866,1818,1840]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">36.6</td>
<td id="76EC3C780B010019FBC9F8D52AF6A15D" box="[1028,1279,1818,1840]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">25.1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB257460B01FFEFFF0AF8BE2EE0A555" blockId="8.[151,1436,1905,2038]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Plastron and carapace: Epiplastron represented by two fragments (MNHNSD FOS 23.1056, 23.1060) that are identifiable from their deeply scalloped natural border, thin non-triangular cross-section, and lack of insertion of costal plates or ribs. These fragments represent two individuals from different sites. External surface of epiplastron slightly rounded. Gular apices consist of two gently anteriorly rounded lobes, separated at midline by shallow notch. Sulci defining gular scutes on external surface expressed as simple shallow unraised grooves. Gular scutes short, separated at midline by sulcus measuring 
<quantity id="4CF5FAA30B00FFEFFD0DFF732D2FA6B9" box="[704,806,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7899999999999998" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="17.9">17.9 mm</quantity>
in length in MNHNSD FOS 23.1056, and 
<quantity id="4CF5FAA30B00FFEFFAD5FF732B77A6B9" box="[1304,1406,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.86" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="18.6">18.6 mm</quantity>
in length in MNHNSD FOS 23.1060. Sulci defining posterior border of gular scutes first curve gently outwards posterolaterally from midline, then curve more posteriorly as they expand. Inner surface inflated towards skin line; surface behind skin line slopes sharply from epiplastral shelf. Shell very thin; skin line thickness measures 
<quantity id="4CF5FAA30B00FFEFFAA6FEE82ECAA709" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="15.5">15.5 mm</quantity>
in MNHNSD FOS 23.1056, and 16.0 mm in MNHNSD FOS 23.1060; behind skin line, shell thickness narrows to c. 
<quantity id="4CF5FAA30B00FFEFFEE1FEBF2F79A7EA" box="[300,368,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
at inner margin of MNHNSD FOS 23.1056, and 
<quantity id="4CF5FAA30B00FFEFFC60FEBF2A0CA7EA" box="[941,1029,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
at inner margin of MNHNSD FOS 23.1060. 
<collectingRegion id="49C999A40B00FFEFFECCFE5A2F2AA7C1" box="[257,291,405,428]" country="Haiti" name="Nord" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">No</collectingRegion>
external or internal ornamentation (e.g. “bird face” of 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B00FFEFFC5AFE5A2A89A7C1" author="Franz" box="[919,1152,404,428]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Franz, R. &amp; Franz, S. (2009) A new fossil land tortoise in the genus Chelonoidis (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the northern Bahamas, with an osteological assessment of other Neotropical tortoises. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, 49, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="2009">Franz &amp; Franz 2009</bibRefCitation>
) seen on either available epiplastron fragment. Peripheral fragment (MNHNSD FOS 23.1061) thicker and distinctly triangular in crosssection in comparison to epiplastral fragments, and with very gently lobed margin; skin line thickness measures 
<quantity id="4CF5FAA30B00FFEFFF5AFE302EF5A47A" box="[151,252,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="20.5">20.5 mm</quantity>
, narrowing to 
<quantity id="4CF5FAA30B00FFEFFE53FDCF2FFAA47A" box="[414,499,512,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
at inner margin. Fragment comprising two successive costal plates (NHMUK PV R 36955) with curved external and internal surfaces; maximum thickness of 11.0 mm, minimum thickness of 
<quantity id="4CF5FAA30B00FFEFFA8DFDEB2B90A451" box="[1344,1433,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
. 
<collectingRegion id="49C999A40B00FFEFFF5AFD872EB0A432" box="[151,185,584,607]" country="Haiti" name="Nord" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">No</collectingRegion>
external ornamentation; internal surface with two low raised parallel ridges associated with development of costal ribs. Fragment from border of carapacial rim (MNHNSD FOS 23.1062) consists of axillary buttress supporting right anterior corner of carapace-plastron bridge at a position immediately behind the buttress, and includes two peripherals and part of a costal plate; maximum buttress thickness 
<quantity id="4CF5FAA30B00FFEFFB8BFD7B2AB8A4A1" box="[1094,1201,692,716]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="21.7">21.7 mm</quantity>
; lateral margin very gently scalloped; carapace with a minimum thickness of 
<quantity id="4CF5FAA30B00FFEFFCE6FD172D8EA482" box="[811,903,728,752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
, and with external surface showing sulci with edges raised as low ridges. Additional description of carapace fragments previously given by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B00FFEFFB2EFD322EECA555" author="Franz" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Franz, R. &amp; Woods, C. A. (1983) A fossil tortoise from Hispaniola. Journal of Herpetology, 17, 79 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1563787" type="journal article" year="1983">Franz &amp; Woods (1983)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31704CD0B00FFECFF0AFC8B2DD4A35D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB257460B00FFEFFF0AFC8B2AA9A258" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFF0AFC8B2F32A530" bold="true" box="[199,315,836,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks.</emphasis>
We interpret our new collection of giant tortoise fossils as all representing a single species, as the multiple humeri in this collection exhibit no morphological differences other than ontogenetic variation, and the fossils were all preserved in comparable depositional conditions with similar co-occurring vertebrate faunas, suggestive of similarity in geological age. The humeri in our new collection are also indistinguishable from the single chelonian humerus from Bayaguana previously described and illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B00FFEFFBFAFC1A2B32A581" author="Franz" box="[1079,1339,980,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Franz, R. &amp; Woods, C. A. (1983) A fossil tortoise from Hispaniola. Journal of Herpetology, 17, 79 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1563787" type="journal article" year="1983">Franz &amp; Woods (1983)</bibRefCitation>
, and our new carapace and plastron fragments show identical morphological characteristics to the Bayaguana material, so we refer all of the known giant tortoise specimens from Hispaniola to the same new species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB257460B00FFEFFF0AFBF02C3CA0F5" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Although carapace and neural characteristics that can be used to differentiate 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B00FFEFFB9DFBF02ADEA235" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="2017" box="[1104,1239,1087,1112]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFB9DFBF02ADEA235" box="[1104,1239,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chelonoidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other New World testudinid genera (cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B00FFEFFE18FBAA2CB1A211" author="Franz" box="[469,696,1124,1148]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Franz, R. &amp; Franz, S. (2009) A new fossil land tortoise in the genus Chelonoidis (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the northern Bahamas, with an osteological assessment of other Neotropical tortoises. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, 49, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="2009">Franz &amp; Franz 2009</bibRefCitation>
) cannot be determined from available material of the new species, several characters of the humerus (the best-preserved and most commonly represented element in our collection) support genus-level assignment of the new species to 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B00FFEFFCE9FB632DA2A2A8" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="2017" box="[804,939,1196,1221]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFCE9FB632DA2A2A8" box="[804,939,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chelonoidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than to North American xerobatin testudinids (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B00FFEFFEECFB002F86A285" box="[289,399,1231,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Gopherus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFEECFB002F86A285" box="[289,399,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gopherus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B00FFEFFE53FB002C44A285" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1950" box="[414,589,1231,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Hesperotestudo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFE53FB002C44A285" box="[414,589,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hesperotestudo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the other candidate genera to which the extinct Caribbean tortoises might be referable (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B00FFEFFEFCFB3B2FD7A360" author="Williams" box="[305,478,1268,1293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Williams, E. (1952) A new fossil tortoise from Mona Island, West Indies, and a tentative arrangement of the tortoises of the world. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 99, 541 - 560." type="journal article" year="1952">Williams 1952</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B00FFEFFE20FB3B2CBBA361" author="Auffenberg" box="[493,690,1268,1293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Auffenberg, W. (1974) Checklist of fossil land tortoises (Testudinidae). Bulletin of the Florida Museum, Biological Sciences, 18, 121 - 251." type="journal article" year="1974">Auffenberg 1974</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B00FFEFFD0CFB3B2DDDA361" author="Meylan" box="[705,980,1268,1293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Meylan, P. A. &amp; Sterrer, W. (2000) Hesperotestudo (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the Pleistocene of Bermuda, with comments on the phylogenetic position of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 128, 51 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2000. tb 00649. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Meylan &amp; Sterrer 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Unlike the Hispaniolan giant tortoise, mainland Neotropical 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B00FFEFFE5FFAD82C10A35D" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="2017" box="[402,537,1303,1328]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFE5FFAD82C10A35D" box="[402,537,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chelonoidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species or 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B00FFEFFD55FAD72D34A35D" authorityName="Franz &amp; Franz" authorityYear="2009" box="[664,829,1303,1328]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburyorum">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFD55FAD72D34A35D" box="[664,829,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. alburyorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the humeri of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B00FFEFFC26FAD82A50A35D" box="[1003,1113,1303,1328]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Gopherus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFC26FAD82A50A35D" box="[1003,1113,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gopherus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and of mainland and insular 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B00FFEFFF5AFAF32F4FA338" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,326,1340,1365]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Hesperotestudo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFF5AFAF32F4FA338" box="[151,326,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hesperotestudo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species lack either an obvious insertion site for 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B00FFEFFC92FAF22A3FA338" box="[863,1078,1340,1365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="subSpecies" species="latissimus" subSpecies="dorsi">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFC92FAF22A3FA338" box="[863,1078,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. latissimus dorsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or an entepicondylar groove or foramen; the greater trochanter also does not extend beyond the head of the humerus in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B00FFEFFBA7FA902B10A315" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1950" box="[1130,1305,1375,1400]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Hesperotestudo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFBA7FA902B10A315" box="[1130,1305,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hesperotestudo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in contrast to the marked extension of the greater trochanter in the Hispaniolan giant tortoise and other 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B00FFEFFB79FA4B2B32A3F0" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="2017" box="[1204,1339,1412,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFB79FA4B2B32A3F0" box="[1204,1339,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chelonoidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, and this character is interpreted as a derived condition in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B00FFEFFCE9FA682DA5A3AD" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="2017" box="[804,940,1447,1472]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFCE9FA682DA5A3AD" box="[804,940,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chelonoidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B00FFEFFC77FA682A76A3AD" author="Auffenberg" box="[954,1151,1447,1472]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Auffenberg, W. (1963) The fossil testudinine turtles of Florida, genera Geochelone and Floridemys. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 7, 53 - 97." type="journal article" year="1963">Auffenberg 1963</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B00FFEFFB41FA682B9EA3AD" author="Meylan" box="[1164,1431,1447,1472]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Meylan, P. A. &amp; Sterrer, W. (2000) Hesperotestudo (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the Pleistocene of Bermuda, with comments on the phylogenetic position of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 128, 51 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2000. tb 00649. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Meylan &amp; Sterrer 2000</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B00FFEFFF5AFA022F82A389" author="Franz" box="[151,395,1484,1508]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Franz, R. &amp; Franz, S. (2009) A new fossil land tortoise in the genus Chelonoidis (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the northern Bahamas, with an osteological assessment of other Neotropical tortoises. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, 49, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="2009">Franz &amp; Franz 2009</bibRefCitation>
). The shell of the insular 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B00FFEFFD0DFA032DE3A388" authorityName="Meylan &amp; Sterrer" authorityYear="2000" box="[704,1002,1484,1509]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Hesperotestudo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bermudae">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFD0DFA032DE3A388" box="[704,1002,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hesperotestudo bermudae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also not markedly thinner than in mainland American xerobatin testudinids (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B00FFEFFDB9FA202D74A065" author="Meylan" box="[628,893,1519,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Meylan, P. A. &amp; Sterrer, W. (2000) Hesperotestudo (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the Pleistocene of Bermuda, with comments on the phylogenetic position of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 128, 51 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2000. tb 00649. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Meylan &amp; Sterrer 2000</bibRefCitation>
), in contrast to the very thin-walled shell seen in the Hispaniolan giant tortoise and other described 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B00FFEFFD18F9DB2D55A040" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="2017" box="[725,860,1556,1581]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFD18F9DB2D55A040" box="[725,860,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chelonoidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B00FFEFFC0BF9DB2ABAA041" author="Franz" box="[966,1203,1556,1580]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Franz, R. &amp; Franz, S. (2009) A new fossil land tortoise in the genus Chelonoidis (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the northern Bahamas, with an osteological assessment of other Neotropical tortoises. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, 49, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="2009">Franz &amp; Franz 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Whilst variation in shell thickness may represent an ecological response to insular environmental conditions (e.g. absence of predatory mammals) rather than a phylogenetic signal, the shell state in the Hispaniolan tortoise is consistent with that described for species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B00FFEFFE6AF9B02C27A0F5" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="2017" box="[423,558,1663,1688]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFE6AF9B02C27A0F5" box="[423,558,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chelonoidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB257460B00FFEFFF0AF96A2D1DA1D4" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
We therefore consider that even in the absence of information on skull morphology or detailed shell morphology, the Hispaniolan tortoise can be confidently referred to 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B00FFEFFC72F9082A4FA08D" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="2017" box="[959,1094,1735,1760]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFC72F9082A4FA08D" box="[959,1094,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chelonoidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of comparative postcranial characteristics. This taxonomic hypothesis is consistent with other available data on Quaternary testudinid biogeography for the insular Caribbean, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B00FFEFFCC6F8C02D9BA145" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="2017" box="[779,914,1807,1832]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFCC6F8C02D9BA145" box="[779,914,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chelonoidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
definitely occurred on the nearby Bahamian Archipelago (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B00FFEFFEE2F8FB2C20A121" author="Kehlmaier" box="[303,553,1844,1869]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Kehlmaier, C., Barlow, A., Hastings, A. K., Vamberger, M., Paijmans, J. L. A., Steadman, D. W., Albury, N. A., Franz, R., Hofreiter, M. &amp; Fritz, U. (2017) Tropical ancient DNA reveals relationships of the extinct Bahamian giant tortoise Chelonoidis alburyorum. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 284, 20162235. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2016.2235" type="journal article" year="2017">
Kehlmaier 
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFE63F8FA2FEFA120" box="[430,486,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
). The only potentially unusual characteristic shown by the Hispaniolan tortoise compared to well-described 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B00FFEFFE27F8982C78A11D" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="2017" box="[490,625,1879,1904]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFE27F8982C78A11D" box="[490,625,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chelonoidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species is the apparent absence of diagnostic interior sculpture on entoplastral elements in the new collection, but this may simply reflect the limited preservation of available incomplete entoplastral specimens from the new species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB257460B00FFECFF0AF80B2D35A4A1" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,1328]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
The Hispaniolan species differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B00FFEFFD4CF80A2D20A1B0" authorityName="Franz &amp; Franz" authorityYear="2009" box="[641,809,1988,2013]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburyorum">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B00FFEFFD4CF80A2D20A1B0" box="[641,809,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. alburyorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the best-described Caribbean giant tortoise, in being considerably larger in body size. Although the total shell length is unknown for the Hispaniolan species, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B03FFECFAF3FF572F3CA6B9" author="Franz" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Franz, R. &amp; Woods, C. A. (1983) A fossil tortoise from Hispaniola. Journal of Herpetology, 17, 79 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1563787" type="journal article" year="1983">Franz &amp; Woods (1983)</bibRefCitation>
estimated an approximate total carapace length of c. 
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through comparison with modern giant tortoise specimens of known size, and available adult tortoise humeri from Hispaniola have a total length of c. 
<quantity id="4CF5FAA30B03FFECFAACFF102EFCA771" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="130.0" valueMax="135.0" valueMin="125.0">125– 135 mm</quantity>
(
<tableCitation id="C68F62FD0B03FFECFEC9FECB2F52A771" box="[260,347,260,285]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Humeral measurements (in mm) for six specimens of Chelonoidis marcanoi sp. nov. from Pedernales Province, Dominican Republic. Asterisks indicate approximate measurement due to damaged specimen." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Table 1</tableCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B03FFECFEA7FECA2C6BA771" author="Franz" box="[362,610,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Franz, R. &amp; Woods, C. A. (1983) A fossil tortoise from Hispaniola. Journal of Herpetology, 17, 79 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1563787" type="journal article" year="1983">Franz &amp; Woods 1983</bibRefCitation>
); in contrast, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B03FFECFD31FECA2DABA770" authorityName="Franz &amp; Franz" authorityYear="2009" box="[764,930,260,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburyorum">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B03FFECFD31FECA2DABA770" box="[764,930,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. alburyorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a total carapace length of 
<quantity id="4CF5FAA30B03FFECFB32FECB2B91A771" box="[1279,1432,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.055" metricValueMax="4.66" metricValueMin="3.45" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="405.5" valueMax="466.0" valueMin="345.0">345–466 mm</quantity>
, and a humerus length of 
<quantity id="4CF5FAA30B03FFECFE77FEE82C28A752" box="[442,545,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.61" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="96.1">96.1 mm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B03FFECFDFCFEE72D2AA72D" author="Franz" box="[561,803,296,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Franz, R. &amp; Franz, S. (2009) A new fossil land tortoise in the genus Chelonoidis (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the northern Bahamas, with an osteological assessment of other Neotropical tortoises. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, 49, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="2009">Franz &amp; Franz 2009</bibRefCitation>
). The humerus of the Hispaniolan species is also more slender and gracile than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B03FFECFE1CFE822C71A708" authorityName="Franz &amp; Franz" authorityYear="2009" box="[465,632,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburyorum">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B03FFECFE1CFE822C71A708" box="[465,632,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. alburyorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; despite being markedly longer, the maximum width across the distal articulating surface in well-preserved adult Hispaniolan humeri is only 
<quantity id="4CF5FAA30B03FFECFC1FFEA02A70A7EA" box="[978,1145,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9400000000000004" metricValueMax="4.0200000000000005" metricValueMin="3.8600000000000003" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="39.4" valueMax="40.2" valueMin="38.6">38.6–40.2 mm</quantity>
(30.7% of total humerus length in MNHNSD FOS 23.1054), compared to 
<quantity id="4CF5FAA30B03FFECFD10FE5B2D4CA7C1" box="[733,837,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7399999999999998" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="37.4">37.4 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B03FFECFCBCFE5A2A10A7C0" authorityName="Franz &amp; Franz" authorityYear="2009" box="[881,1049,404,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburyorum">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B03FFECFCBCFE5A2A10A7C0" box="[881,1049,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. alburyorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(38.9% of total humerus length) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B03FFECFF53FE772F84A7BD" author="Franz" box="[158,397,440,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Franz, R. &amp; Franz, S. (2009) A new fossil land tortoise in the genus Chelonoidis (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the northern Bahamas, with an osteological assessment of other Neotropical tortoises. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, 49, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="2009">Franz &amp; Franz 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Femoral comparisons between the two taxa are based on more limited available material, but the single complete femur of the Hispaniolan species has a maximum distal width that is markedly greater than its maximum proximal width, in contrast to the similar proximal and distal widths seen in femora of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B03FFECFA4FFDCF2F12A450" authorityName="Franz &amp; Franz" authorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburyorum">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B03FFECFA4FFDCF2F12A450" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. alburyorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The available Hispaniolan femur is from a young individual, however, so it is possible that this difference may at least partly reflect ontogenetic variation. The Hispaniolan species also apparently lacks the diagnostic interior “bird face” sculpture seen on the entoplastron of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B03FFECFC6BFDA22A44A4E8" authorityName="Franz &amp; Franz" authorityYear="2009" box="[934,1101,620,645]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburyorum">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B03FFECFC6BFDA22A44A4E8" box="[934,1101,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. alburyorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and has shorter gular scutes defined on the external surface by sulci which curve outwards and gently backwards rather than running outwards and forwards from the plastron midline as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B03FFECFD5DFD7A2D3CA4A0" authorityName="Franz &amp; Franz" authorityYear="2009" box="[656,821,692,717]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburyorum">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B03FFECFD5DFD7A2D3CA4A0" box="[656,821,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. alburyorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB257460B03FFECFF0AFD182DD4A35D" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1328]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Detailed comparison with other Caribbean giant tortoises is more difficult due to the limited material available from other islands, but diagnostic differences can also be identified between the Hispaniolan species and other previously described Caribbean tortoise taxa. Humeral measurements have not been reported for 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B03FFECFB16FCEF2B55A555" box="[1243,1372,799,824]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cubensis">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B03FFECFB16FCEF2B55A555" box="[1243,1372,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. cubensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B03FFECFA4FFCEF2EF6A531" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monensis">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B03FFECFA4FFCEF2EF6A531" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. monensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B03FFECFEF1FC8A2FB6A530" box="[316,447,836,861]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cubensis">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B03FFECFEF1FC8A2FB6A530" box="[316,447,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. cubensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the Hispaniolan species in having a shorter, more robust humerus with a shaft depth c.1.5 times the shaft width and that shows a much more strongly developed, extremely large and deep 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B03FFECFF5AFC422F67A5C8" box="[151,366,908,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="subSpecies" species="latissimus" subSpecies="dorsi">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B03FFECFF5AFC422F67A5C8" box="[151,366,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. latissimus dorsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
muscle scar, and also in having an extremely elongate gular scute and a prominent “bird face” sculpture on the entoplastron (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B03FFECFE22FC602C93A5A5" author="Williams" box="[495,666,943,968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Williams, E. (1950) Testudo cubensis and the evolution of Western Hemisphere tortoises. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 95, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1950">Williams 1950</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B03FFECFD6BFC7F2D98A5A5" author="Franz" box="[678,913,944,968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Franz, R. &amp; Franz, S. (2009) A new fossil land tortoise in the genus Chelonoidis (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the northern Bahamas, with an osteological assessment of other Neotropical tortoises. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, 49, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="2009">Franz &amp; Franz 2009</bibRefCitation>
); and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B03FFECFC1BFC7F2A69A5A5" box="[982,1120,944,968]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monensis">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B03FFECFC1BFC7F2A69A5A5" box="[982,1120,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. monensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
conversely differs from the Hispaniolan species in reportedly having a reduced 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B03FFECFD36FC1A2DD0A580" box="[763,985,980,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="subSpecies" species="latissimus" subSpecies="dorsi">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B03FFECFD36FC1A2DD0A580" box="[763,985,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. latissimus dorsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
muscle scar that merely consists of a roughened area rather than a pit (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B03FFECFDEDFC382CC7A27D" author="Williams" box="[544,718,1015,1040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Williams, E. (1952) A new fossil tortoise from Mona Island, West Indies, and a tentative arrangement of the tortoises of the world. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 99, 541 - 560." type="journal article" year="1952">Williams 1952</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B03FFECFD28FC382A03A27D" box="[741,1034,1015,1040]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sombrerensis">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B03FFECFD28FC382A03A27D" box="[741,1034,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chelonoidis sombrerensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is much more poorly known; one described humerus is similar in length to that of the Hispaniolan species (estimated at approximately 
<quantity id="4CF5FAA30B03FFECFAC8FBD32B6FA259" box="[1285,1382,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="130.0">130 mm</quantity>
), but this specimen lacks both ends and so may not be fully grown; another reported humerus for this species is markedly larger (approximately 
<quantity id="4CF5FAA30B03FFECFE58FBAB2FFEA211" box="[405,503,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="300.0">300 mm</quantity>
), and with a considerably greater shaft depth than in the Hispaniolan species (1.3 times the shaft width) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B03FFECFE6EFB482C24A2CD" author="Julien" box="[419,557,1159,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Julien, A. J. (1878) Gigantic land tortoises. Nature, 19, 30 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 019030 d 0" type="journal article" year="1878">Julien 1878</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B03FFECFDF6FB482CEFA2CD" author="Williams" box="[571,742,1159,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Williams, E. (1952) A new fossil tortoise from Mona Island, West Indies, and a tentative arrangement of the tortoises of the world. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 99, 541 - 560." type="journal article" year="1952">Williams 1952</bibRefCitation>
). The Hispaniolan species also differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B03FFECFB2BFB472B78A2CD" box="[1254,1393,1160,1184]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monensis">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B03FFECFB2BFB472B78A2CD" box="[1254,1393,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. monensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B03FFECFA4FFB472F23A2A8" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sombrerensis">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B03FFECFA4FFB472F23A2A8" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. sombrerensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the undescribed “moderate-sized” tortoises from 
<collectingCountry id="F31A17D60B03FFECFC70FB622A13A2A9" box="[957,1050,1197,1220]" name="Navassa Island" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Navassa</collectingCountry>
and New Providence in having carapace sulci with raised ridges rather than having sulci that are indistinct and scarcely apparent (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B03FFECFAD7FB002EDAA360" author="Auffenberg" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Auffenberg, W. (1967) Notes on West Indian tortoises. Herpetologica, 23, 34 - 44." type="journal article" year="1967">Auffenberg 1967</bibRefCitation>
); carapace sulci defined by raised edges along their margins are otherwise only shown by 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B03FFECFB0AFB3A2B65A360" authorityName="Franz &amp; Franz" authorityYear="2009" box="[1223,1388,1268,1293]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburyorum">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B03FFECFB0AFB3A2B65A360" box="[1223,1388,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. alburyorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0D2CC50B03FFECFF5AFAD72F11A35D" box="[151,280,1303,1328]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cubensis">
<emphasis id="B9798B540B03FFECFF5AFAD72F11A35D" box="[151,280,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. cubensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Caribbean region (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B03FFECFDF8FAD82CD6A35D" author="Williams" box="[565,735,1303,1328]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Williams, E. (1950) Testudo cubensis and the evolution of Western Hemisphere tortoises. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 95, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1950">Williams 1950</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C2AB70B03FFECFD27FAD62DD8A35D" author="Franz" box="[746,977,1304,1328]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Franz, R. &amp; Franz, S. (2009) A new fossil land tortoise in the genus Chelonoidis (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the northern Bahamas, with an osteological assessment of other Neotropical tortoises. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, 49, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="2009">Franz &amp; Franz 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>