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<mods:title id="B365D9080C3CE9FBFAB90A5BB5452892">Systematics Of The Relictual Asian Scorpion Family Pseudochactidae Gromov, 1998, With A Review Of Cavernicolous, Troglobitic, And Troglomorphic Scorpions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7636D38295D0CB032D2546CD7BBA4D3D">Prendini, Lorenzo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="63D1B05E3B43C1E7682A271B99BE338D">Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A50BA4D463C01F55359B2167E62AA39C">Ehrenthal, Valentin L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B2FC6381C0A66EB150AFFE33905E1208">Section of Arachmology &amp; Myriapodology, Center for Taxonomy and Morphology, Zoological Museum, Leibnitz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change; Department of Biology, University of Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6F5D93EB92253472559A196B5BABECD0">Loria, Stephanie F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C910A2B74D2E54EC4132837E409D3CD5">Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology; Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="D0FA81CDC7558C5FFF0CFBD85B30FB5B" box="[185,558,1135,1159]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" reason="4">
of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D22C7558C5FFF63FBD85B30FB5B" ID-CoL="B7XCK" authority="Gromov, 1998" authorityName="Gromov" authorityYear="1998" box="[214,558,1135,1159]" class="Arachnida" family="Pseudochactidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Pseudochactidae
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B50C7558C5FFE21FBD85B30FB5B" author="Gromov, A. V." box="[404,558,1135,1159]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" pagination="409 - 413" refId="ref64002" refString="Gromov, A. V. 1998. [A new family, genus and species of scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from southern Central Asia]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 77: 1003 - 1008. [in Russian, English summary; English translation: Russian Journal of Zoology 2: 409 - 413]" type="journal article" year="1998">Gromov, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8BB236A1C7558C5FFFD9FB165B6EF999" blockId="37.[108,637,1185,1738]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
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<key id="FF9C6190C7558C5FFFD9FB165B6EF999" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
1. Tegument usually partially infuscate; carapace median and lateral ocelli present (figs. 10, 11); circumocular sutures complete, connected or disconnected posteriorly; pedipalps relatively robust, chela manus prolateral ventral carina complete, fixed and movable fingers (adult
<specimenCount id="9D0BFD28C7558C5FFE2CFAD158AEFAA3" box="[409,432,1382,1407]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" type="male"></specimenCount>
) sinuous, sexually dimorphic (figs. 24, 25, 29, 30); legs III and IV, tibial spurs present (fig. 15A, B); telson vesicle lateral and ventral surfaces with granular carinae, subaculear tubercle obsolete (very small bump evident) (fig. 18) ............. 2 (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D22C7558C5FFF14F99A5842F999" authorityName="Gromov" authorityYear="1998" box="[161,348,1581,1605]" class="Arachnida" family="Pseudochactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="37" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pseudochactinae">Pseudochactinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D22C7558C5FFED2F99A5B77F999" authority="Prendini &amp; Ehrenthal &amp; Loria, 2021" authorityName="Prendini &amp; Ehrenthal &amp; Loria" authorityYear="2021" box="[359,617,1581,1605]" class="Arachnida" family="Pseudochactidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="subfam. nov." subFamily="Troglokhammouaninae">Troglokhammouaninae</taxonomicName>
)
</key>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236A1C7558C5FFFD9F9F85DA7FE3D" blockId="37.[108,637,1185,1738]" lastBlockId="37.[684,1213,226,1738]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
<keyLead id="30FC9594C7558C5FFFD9F9F85DA7FE3D" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
Tegument immaculate; carapace median and lateral ocelli absent (fig. 12); circumocular sutures partial (disconnected); pedipalps gracile, chela manus prolateral ventral carina absent or obsolete, fixed and movable fingers (adult
<specimenCount id="9D0BFD28C7558C5FFC97FEB55A27FEC7" box="[802,825,258,283]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" type="male"></specimenCount>
) sublinear, similar to adult
<specimenCount id="9D0BFD28C7558C5FFBDCFEB55D9EFEC7" box="[1129,1152,258,283]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" type="female"></specimenCount>
(figs. 35, 36, 39, 43); legs III and IV, tibial spurs absent (fig. 15C, D); telson vesicle lateral surfaces smooth, ventral surfaces smooth or with sparsely granular (obsolete) carinae, subaculear tubercle absent (fig. 19)..............................................................4 (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D22C7558C5FFBA7FE7E5DACFE3D" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="2012" box="[1042,1202,457,481]" class="Arachnida" family="Pseudochactidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Vietbocapinae">Vietbocapinae</taxonomicName>
)
</keyLead>
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<keyStep id="30F92E04C7558C5CFD19FE5D5B69FD5B" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph id="8BB236A1C7558C5FFD19FE5D5DA6FAE1" blockId="37.[684,1213,226,1738]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
<keyLead id="30FC9594C7558C5FFD19FE5D5DA6FAE1" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
2. Tegument brown; carapace anteromedian margin convex (procurved), protruding, posterolateral margins gently curved (fig. 11); circumocular sutures disconnected posteriorly; carapace and posttergites IVI, surfaces granular; pedipalp patella prolateral surface, dorsoventral projection (“anterior process”) moderate (fig. 28E, G); pedipalp chela manus dorsomedian, dorsal secondary and subdigital carinae vestigial, retromedian and ventromedian carinae partial, secondary accessory and retroventral carinae incompletely fused, slight disjunction evident in proximal third (figs. 29, 30); legs IIV basitarsi and telotarsi, spinules long (fig. 15B); sternum ventral surface shallowly concave, lateral margins recurved medially (fig. 13B, D); pectines with 1216 median lamellae and 1317 teeth (tables 3, 5, 7, 8); metasomal segments IIV, dorsosubmedian and dorsolateral carinae, posterior granules markedly larger than preceding granules and spiniform (fig. 16C, D); segments III and IV, median lateral carinae complete (fig. 18C, D); telson vesicle elongate (fig. 20C, D) ...........................
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D22C7558C5FFC34FA925DA6FAE1" ID-CoL="B87Y6" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="2007" box="[897,1208,1317,1341]" class="Arachnida" family="Pseudochactidae" genus="Troglokhammouanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steineri">
<emphasis id="B979EAB3C7558C5FFC34FA925DA6FAE1" box="[897,1208,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Troglokhammouanus steineri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236A1C7558C5CFD19FAF15B69FD5B" blockId="37.[684,1213,226,1738]" lastBlockId="38.[108,637,225,1738]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
<keyLead id="30FC9594C7558C5CFD19FAF15B69FD5B" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
Tegument yellowish; carapace anteromedian margin sublinear, recessed, posterolateral margins angular, slanting (fig. 10); circumocular sutures connected posteriorly; carapace and posttergites IVI, surfaces smooth or nearly so; pedipalp patella prolateral surface, dorsoventral projection (“anterior process”) pronounced (fig. 23E, G); pedipalp chela manus dorsomedian, dorsal secondary, subdigital and retromedian carinae absent, ventromedian carina vestigial, secondary accessory and retroventral carinae entirely fused (figs. 24, 25); legs IIV basitarsi and telotarsi, spinules short (fig. 15A); sternum ventral surface flat/planar, lateral margins sublinear (fig. 13A, C); pectines with 812 median lamellae and 913 teeth (tables 3, 5, 6); metasomal segments IIV, dorsosubmedian and dorsolateral carinae, posterior granules similar to preceding granules (fig. 16A, B); segments III and IV, median lateral carinae partial, becoming obsolete anteriorly on III, vestigial or absent on IV (fig. 18A, B); telson vesicle globose (fig. 20A, B) ..............................................................3 (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D22C7568C5CFE61FDD95B73FD5A" ID-CoL="B7YV3" authorityName="Gromov" authorityYear="1998" box="[468,621,622,646]" class="Arachnida" family="Pseudochactidae" genus="Pseudochactas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAB3C7568C5CFE61FDD95B73FD5A" box="[468,621,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Pseudochactas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30F92E04C7568C5CFFD9FD275B65FBAA" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
<paragraph id="8BB236A1C7568C5CFFD9FD275B69FCB2" blockId="38.[108,637,225,1738]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
<keyLead id="30FC9594C7568C5CFFD9FD275B69FCB2" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
3. Carapace, tergites, and legs yellowish, immaculate; pedipalp patella retrodorsal carina costate; pectines with 8 or 9 median lamellae and 9 or 10 teeth (tables 3, 5); metasomal segments, median lateral carinae complete on segment II, partial on V ................... ........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D22C7568C5CFE24FCE15B69FCB2" ID-CoL="B876G" box="[401,631,854,878]" class="Arachnida" family="Pseudochactidae" genus="Pseudochactas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mischi">
<emphasis id="B979EAB3C7568C5CFE24FCE15B69FCB2" box="[401,631,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Pseudochactas mischi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236A1C7568C5CFFD9FCC05B65FBAA" blockId="38.[108,637,225,1738]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
<keyLead id="30FC9594C7568C5CFFD9FCC05B65FBAA" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
Carapace, tergites, and legs brownish, infuscate; pedipalp patella retrodorsal carina costate granular (fig. 23E, F); pectines with 912 median lamellae and 1013 teeth (tables 3, 5, 6); metasomal segments, median lateral carinae partial, becoming obsolete anteriorly on II, absent or obsolete on V (fig. 18A, B) ..............................
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D22C7568C5CFEE6FBE95B65FBAA" ID-CoL="B876H" authorityName="Gromov" authorityYear="1998" box="[339,635,1118,1142]" class="Arachnida" family="Pseudochactidae" genus="Pseudochactas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovchinnikovi">
<emphasis id="B979EAB3C7568C5CFEE6FBE95B65FBAA" box="[339,635,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Pseudochactas ovchinnikovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30F92E04C7568C5CFFD9FB375DA7FBAB" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
<paragraph id="8BB236A1C7568C5CFFD9FB375DA4FE43" blockId="38.[108,637,225,1738]" lastBlockId="38.[684,1213,225,1738]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
<keyLead id="30FC9594C7568C5CFFD9FB375DA4FE43" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
4. Carapace median ocular tubercle (demarcated by posterior margin of circumocular sulci) situated medially (fig. 12B, D, F); circumocular triangle parallel sided (U-shape), median ocular curvatures absent; anterolateral surfaces mostly smooth, sparsely granular near anterior carapace margin; posteromedian margin sublinear to shallowly convex (procurved); pedipalp chela manus elongate, prolateral dorsal carina (
<specimenCount id="9D0BFD28C7568C5CFDE9FA1F5B6DFA1D" box="[604,627,1448,1473]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="male"></specimenCount>
) absent or obsolete (fig. 43); fixed and movable fingers, median denticle rows comprising seven or eight subrows (tables 3, 4, 10); trichobothrium
<emphasis id="B979EAB3C7568C5CFEE8F999586BF999" box="[349,373,1582,1605]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Et</emphasis>
<subScript id="178934E4C7568C5CFEC0F98E5860F996" attach="left" box="[373,382,1593,1610]" fontSize="7" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">1</subScript>
situated distally on manus, aligned with or proximal to movable finger condyle,
<emphasis id="B979EAB3C7568C5CFEE6F9D8586BF95B" box="[339,373,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">esb</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CF59B44C7568C5CFEC0F9CC58BCF95B" box="[373,418,1647,1676]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" unit="in" value="2.0">
<subScript id="178934E4C7568C5CFEC0F9CC5860F950" attach="left" box="[373,382,1659,1676]" fontSize="7" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">2</subScript>
in
</quantity>
proximal third of fixed finger, between first and second most proximal retrolateral denticles of median denticle row (fig. 43B); pectines with 58 median lamellae and 610 teeth (tables 3, 5, 10); metasomal segments, median lateral carinae complete on I, partial, becoming obsolete anteriorly on II (fig. 19D, E) ........... ..................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D22C7568C5CFBBAFE305DA4FE43" ID-CoL="B883C" authorityName="Lourenco and Pham" authorityYear="2010" box="[1039,1210,391,415]" class="Arachnida" family="Pseudochactidae" genus="Vietbocap" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canhi">
<emphasis id="B979EAB3C7568C5CFBBAFE305DA4FE43" box="[1039,1210,391,415]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Vietbocap canhi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236A1C7568C5CFD19FE1E5DA7FBAB" blockId="38.[684,1213,225,1738]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
<keyLead id="30FC9594C7568C5CFD19FE1E5DA7FBAB" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
Carapace median ocular tubercle (demarcated by posterior margin of circumocular sulci) situated anteromedially (fig. 12A, C, E); circumocular triangle subtriangular (broad V-shape), median ocular curvatures present; anterolateral surfaces mostly granular; posteromedian margin shallowly concave (recurved); pedipalp chela manus globose, prolateral dorsal carina (
<specimenCount id="9D0BFD28C7568C5CFBEDFD185D71FD14" box="[1112,1135,687,712]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="male"></specimenCount>
) complete (figs. 35, 36, 39); fixed and movable fingers, median denticle rows usually comprising 10 subrows (tables 3, 4, 9, 10); trichobothrium
<emphasis id="B979EAB3C7568C5CFC38FC815ABAFC91" box="[909,932,822,845]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Et</emphasis>
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situated on fixed finger, slightly distal to movable finger condyle,
<emphasis id="B979EAB3C7568C5CFB27FCE15DADFCB2" box="[1170,1203,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">esb</emphasis>
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situated approximately midway on fixed finger, between second and third most proximal retrolateral denticles of median denticle row (figs. 35B, 36B, 39B); pectines with 1114 lamellae and 1215 teeth (tables 3, 5, 9, 10); metasomal segments I and II, median lateral carinae complete (fig. 19AC) ..........................................................5 (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D22C7568C5CFBA1FBE85DAEFBAA" ID-CoL="B7XHS" authorityName="Prendini &amp; Ehrenthal &amp; Loria" authorityYear="2021" box="[1044,1200,1119,1142]" class="Arachnida" family="Pseudochactidae" genus="Aemngvantom" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAB3C7568C5CFBA1FBE85DAEFBAA" box="[1044,1200,1119,1142]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Aemngvantom</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
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</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="30FC9594C7568C5CFD19FBC85DA2F9DF" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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5. Carapace mediolateral and posteromedian surfaces granular (fig. 12A, C); posttergites IVI, surfaces smooth or nearly so; pedipalp segments proportionally longer and narrower and metasomal segments proportionally longer and broader (figs. 17A, B, 19A, B, 21A, B, 3436; table 9); metasomal segments IIIV, ventrosubmedian carinae, distinct (fig. 21A, B); segment V, dorsolateral and ventromedian carinae distinct, median lateral carinae complete (figs. 17A, B, 21A, B) ............... .............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D22C7568C5CFC4DFA5B5DA2F9DF" ID-CoL="B7ZYR" authorityName=", comb." authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Lourenco" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[1016,1212,1515,1539]" class="Arachnida" family="Pseudochactidae" genus="Aemngvantom" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lao">
<emphasis id="B979EAB3C7568C5CFC4DFA5B5DA2F9DF" box="[1016,1212,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Aemngvantom lao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236A1C7568C5DFD19F9BA5B6DFE43" blockId="38.[684,1213,225,1738]" lastBlockId="39.[153,636,226,415]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
<keyLead id="30FC9594C7568C5CFD19F9BA5DA2F916" pageId="38" pageNumber="38"> Carapace mediolateral and posteromedian surfaces smooth (fig. 12E); posttergites IVI, surfaces granular; pedipalp segments proportionally shorter and broader and metasomal segments proportionally shorter and narrower (figs. 17C, 19C, 21C, 38, 39; table</keyLead>
10); metasomal segments IIIV, ventrosubmedian carinae, absent or obsolete (fig. 21C); segment V, dorsolateral carinae obsolete, median lateral and ventromedian carinae absent or obsolete (figs. 17C, 21C) ................
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D22C7578C5DFEB1FE305B6DFE43" ID-CoL="B7ZYS" box="[260,627,391,415]" class="Arachnida" family="Pseudochactidae" genus="Aemngvantom" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="39" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thamnongpaseuam">
<emphasis id="B979EAB3C7578C5DFEB1FE305B6DFE43" box="[260,627,391,415]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="39">Aemngvantom thamnongpaseuam</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>