375 lines
65 KiB
XML
375 lines
65 KiB
XML
<document id="3D5AE264E85E6510A996F2CB771EFFF0" ID-CLB-Dataset="3943" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.1196007" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9f6a1d45-f725-42d1-a64c-b6ffaaae23d7" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1196007" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634783218614" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R., Gioia Di Camillo, Cristina, Maggioni, Davide, Montano, Simone & Schuchert, Peter" docDate="2018" docId="03A487AEFF8C2C0AFEE98ACAFD0D6DF3" docLanguage="en" docName="3_Galea_etal.pdf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 125 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B.2:RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Halopteris australis Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="FF9DFFD6FF832C1BFFEA8C44FFB06820" masterDocTitle="A reassessment of Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with descriptions of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1736183339657" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="05BC5BA37FEA14BD2277BFFCFF43466E">
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<mods:title id="F21B956DD5521A5582034B3202539B5B">A reassessment of Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with descriptions of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="19FE5EC9FBF6C7855007D081F650EA62">Galea, Horia R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D1CC2FBA900AA7FBB4190E8EA0038ACB">Hydrozoan Research Laboratory, 405 Chemin des Gatiers, F- 83170 Tourves, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D87B4DC4A64000A53FCBCA79F1023C58" type="email">horia.galea@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="D832785A1D81F18678A7F39FA9839A87" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D9C73026547CE7128282A6858376637C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5C3A78069B6905B53906511D587BCF31">Gioia Di Camillo, Cristina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1577A0F77020BF4BB44B4E523375DE5A">Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, I- 60121 Ancona, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="67551296DE3A172045D0A2C6761ACD7C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F20D6BD51A409D4120C8CA33D06FD661">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0DAF4112AC2914C62A0798E4C0DB742D">Maggioni, Davide</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F9AFA499312BEEF08DC6B5E863AF05B6">Marine Research and High Education (MaRHE) Center, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 12030 Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Maldives</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="30CE72F9407A258DEABDB5E6FC9182BC">Montano, Simone</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B0CB28E65D974DA94D09E4AD7C035881">Marine Research and High Education (MaRHE) Center, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 12030 Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Maldives</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="017E31514B5DAC59F76B43E719A0D673">Schuchert, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C8D296F913DEECB32A409B939ABF0CC8">Muséum d’histoire naturelle, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="AA82E670B67CFF8AB8C045BE50666B81">Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CBC3A86D707E089424A748AC0357F6DC">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A487AEFF8C2C0AFEE98ACAFD0D6DF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590660" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189153146" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590660" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF8C2C0AFEE98ACAFD0D6DF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487AEFF8C2C0AFEE98ACAFD0D6DF3" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" scope_class="Hydrozoa" scope_family="Halopterididae" scope_order="Leptothecata" scope_phylum="Cnidaria">
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<subSubSection id="C3176533FF8C2C14FEE98ACAFD386E86" box="[259,648,1678,1702]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8C2C14FEE98ACAFD386E86" blockId="15.[259,648,1678,1734]" box="[259,648,1678,1702]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="D0FA81D4FF8C2C14FEE98ACAFD386E86" bold="true" box="[259,648,1678,1702]" centered="true" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FEE98ACAFD386E86" bold="true" box="[259,648,1678,1702]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FEE98ACAFD976E86" ID-CoL="3JFQ7" authority="Galea" authorityName="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[259,551,1678,1702]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FEE98ACAFE6C6E86" bold="true" box="[259,476,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris australis</emphasis>
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Galea
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57D1FF8C2C14FDD98ACBFD386E86" box="[563,648,1679,1702]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3176533FF8C2C14FEE28AEBFD326EE6" box="[264,642,1711,1734]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8C2C14FEE28AEBFD326EE6" blockId="15.[259,648,1678,1734]" box="[264,642,1711,1734]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
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<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF8C2C14FEE28AEBFEEC6EE6" box="[264,348,1711,1734]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). Photos courtesy: N. & J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF8C2C14FE828AEBFE346EE6" box="[360,388,1711,1734]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">2F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF8C2C14FE658AEBFE2F6EE6" box="[399,415,1711,1734]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">6</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C68F0303FF8C2C14FE408AEBFE4B6EE6" box="[426,507,1711,1734]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="28.[148,201,1132,1153]" captionTargetBox="[159,1946,1194,1794]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Table 5. Measurements (in μm) and main morphological features of Halopteris australis sp. nov., H. millardae sp. nov., and H. brasiliensis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" tableUuid="DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1">Table 5</tableCitation>
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; Appendix 1
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3176533FF8C2C14FF7D8A99FD6C6F6A" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8C2C14FF7D8A99FDA66F30" blockId="15.[151,756,1757,1866]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1D1196FF8C2C14FF7D8A99FDA66F30" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FF7D8A99FE8E6ED2" ID-CoL="6KZKK" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,318,1757,1778]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
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<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FF7D8A99FE8E6ED2" box="[151,318,1757,1778]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris buskii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10A9FF8C2C14FEBD8A99FDC86ED2" author="Vervoort W. & Vasseur P." box="[343,632,1757,1778]" page="72" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" year="1977">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8C2C14FEBD8A99FDC86ED2" author="Vervoort W. & Vasseur P." box="[343,632,1757,1778]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref29409" refString="Vervoort W., Vasseur P. 1977. Hydroids from French Polynesia with notes on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 159: 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1977">Vervoort & Vasseur, 1977: 72</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 31 [non
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FF098ABFFDBB6F30" authority="(Bale, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[227,523,1787,1808]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
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<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FF098ABFFE386F30" box="[227,392,1787,1808]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris buskii</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8C2C14FE7C8ABFFDB46F30" author="Bale W. M." box="[406,516,1787,1808]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" refId="ref26191" refString="Bale W. M. 1884. Catalogue of the Australian hydroid zoophytes. Australian Museum, Sydney, 198 pp." type="book" year="1884">Bale, 1884</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
].
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8C2C14FF7D8B5CFD6C6F6A" blockId="15.[151,756,1757,1866]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FF7D8B5CFECE6F0D" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,382,1816,1837]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
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||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FF7D8B5CFECE6F0D" box="[151,382,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
–
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8C2C14FE4E8B5CFDF66F0D" author="Schuchert P." box="[420,582,1816,1837]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FDB18B5CFD0B6F0D" box="[603,699,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">pro parte</emphasis>
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||
): 64, fig. 23 [non
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FEB28B71FD626F6A" authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[344,722,1845,1866]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
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||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FEB28B71FD896F6A" box="[344,569,1845,1866]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8C2C14FDAF8B71FD7A6F6A" author="Billard A." box="[581,714,1845,1866]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
].
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3176533FF8C2C14FF7D8B27FF67603D" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8C2C14FF7D8B27FF67603D" blockId="15.[151,756,1891,2077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B653CE5FF8C2C14FF7D8B27FF63603D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054301" collectingDate="2012-06-10" collectorName="E. Tardy" country="France" elevation="9" location="Noumea" municipality="N'Gea" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FF7D8B27FEFC6F5A" bold="true" box="[151,332,1891,1914]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Type material:</emphasis>
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MHNG-INVE-82742;
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF8C2C14FDB58B27FD1C6F5A" box="[607,684,1891,1914]" name="France" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">France</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF8C2C14FD2B8B27FEB76FBB" name="New Caledonia" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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,
|
||
<location id="8ED26063FF8C2C14FEF18BC0FEC96FBB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF8C2C0AFEE98ACAFD0D6DF3:8ED26063FF8C2C14FEF18BC0FEC96FBB" box="[283,377,1924,1947]" country="France" municipality="N'Gea" name="Noumea" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Nouméa</location>
|
||
, south of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD6ACC2FF8C2C14FE168BC0FDF46FBB" box="[508,580,1924,1947]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">N’Géa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
islet, -22.296° 166.489°,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B5DFF8C2C14FEF88BE0FEF86F9B" box="[274,328,1956,1979]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="9.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0020D18BFF8C2C14FEF88BE0FEF86F9B" box="[274,328,1956,1979]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26F8536EFF8C2C14FE4A8BE0FDBA6F9B" box="[416,522,1956,1979]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">E. Tardy</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFB31078FF8C2C14FDCA8BE0FD2E6F9B" box="[544,670,1956,1979]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" value="2012-06-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF7E990FF8C2C14FDCA8BE0FD2E6F9B" box="[544,670,1956,1979]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" value="2012-06-10">06.10.2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; fertile (female) colony in alcohol and two microslides (H20/37-38), with stems up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B5DFF8C2C14FE028BA1FD826FDC" box="[488,562,2021,2044]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="1.8">1.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, growing on algae
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3176533FF8C2C14FCD58D46FB216BBB" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8C2C14FCD58D46FB216BBB" blockId="15.[831,1437,258,923]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FCD58D46FC096939" bold="true" box="[831,953,258,281]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Small-sized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FB888D46FB666939" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[1122,1238,258,281]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FB888D46FB666939" box="[1122,1238,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with cormoids not exceeding
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B5DFF8C2C14FC0C8D66FB846919" box="[998,1076,290,313]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high. Stems monosiphonic, homomerously-segmented, internodes rather long, bearing a hydrotheca in their proximal half, a lateral apophysis, and up to 8 nematothecae (1 mesial, a pair of laterals, a pair of axillar, as well as up to 3 superiors in two parallel rows). Cladia alternate, heteromerouslysegmented; 1st ahydrothecate internode with 1, exceptionally 2, nematothecae in a row; ordinary ahydrothecate internodes with 1 nematotheca; hydrothecate internodes with a hydrotheca and its up to 5 associated nematothecae (1 mesial, a pair of laterals, and 1, or rarely 2, axillar); hydrotheca cup-shaped, deep, adnate for 2/3rd its adaxial wall, swollen basally, rim distinctly sinuated in lateral view, aperture circular, lateral nematothecae long, borne on well-developed apophyses, surpassing hydrothecal rim. Female gonothecae given off from caulus; piriform, borne on quadrangular pedicel, 2 basal nematothecae, aperture large, circular, perpendicular to long axis of theca, rim thickened, a watch-glass-shaped operculum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3176533FF8C2C14FCD58FF7FC3F6C2A" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8C2C14FCD58FF7FC3F6C2A" blockId="15.[831,1437,947,1034]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FCD58FF7FC746BEA" bold="true" box="[831,964,947,970]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
From the Latin
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FB978FF7FB6A6BEA" authorityName="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[1149,1242,947,970]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FB978FF7FB6A6BEA" box="[1149,1242,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">austrālis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, meaning “of the south” with reference to its occurrence in the South Pacific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3176533FF8C2C0AFCD58867FD0D6DF3" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8C2C0BFCD58867FB4F6E1B" blockId="15.[831,1437,1059,2077]" lastBlockId="16.[831,1437,1154,1595]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FCD58867FC7D6C1A" bold="true" box="[831,973,1059,1082]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies composed of a varied number of upright cormoids, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B5DFF8C2C14FBA48807FB366C7A" box="[1102,1158,1091,1114]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
high in present material, arising from creeping, branching, anastomosing hydrorhiza. Stems erect, simple, monosiphonic (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF8C2C14FA8688C7FCEF6C9A" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). Photos courtesy: N. & J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF8C2C14FC9F88E7FC246C9A" box="[885,916,1187,1210]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">2F</figureCitation>
|
||
), composed of a basal, ahydrothecate part, irregularly divided into a few segments (up to 5) by means of transverse constrictions of the perisarc, and carrying a varied number of nematothecae arranged in two parallel rows; above, remainder of stem comprising a much longer, hydrothecate part, homomerouslysegmented into regular internodes by means of oblique nodes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF8C2C14FC7989C0FC5E6DBB" box="[915,1006,1412,1435]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
), slightly marked proximally to more conspicuous distally; occasionally, transverse nodes can be inserted towards the distal end of cauli, creating a heteromerous segmentation; a hinge joint between the two parts of the stem. Up to 26 relatively long cauline internodes, almost collinear proximally, gradually becoming geniculate towards distal end; each provided with a hydrotheca in its proximal half, a well-developed, lateral apophysis, as well as up to 8 nematothecae: 1 mesial, a pair of laterals, a pair of axillar (only one of these subsisting distally on stem) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF8C2C14FB3E8A81FA9F6EFC" box="[1236,1327,1733,1756]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
), as well as 1-3 superior ones in two parallel, closely-set rows (when only two of these are present, they may occur at the same level, or one above the other; they are confined to a separate ahydrothecate segment when transverse nodes intervene towards distal end of caulus). Cladia up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B5DFF8C2C14FC6D8BC1FC6E6FBC" box="[903,990,1925,1948]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, alternate, except in the proximal most cauline internodes, where they are opposite; composed of a short, quadrangular segment proximally, followed by a heteromerous division into alternating ahydrothecate and hydrothecate internodes; the former with proximal node transverse and distal node oblique; the reverse in hydrothecate internodes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFDB488E6FD0B6C99" box="[606,699,1186,1209]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
); 1st ahydrothecate internode comparatively longer than subsequent ones, and carrying single nematotheca (exceptionally 2); ordinary ahydrothecate internodes short, and provided with one nematotheca; hydrothecate internodes up to 5 per cladium, comparatively longer than their ahydrothecate counterparts, and carrying a centrally-placed hydrotheca and its up to 5 associated nematothecae: a mesial, a pair of laterals, and generally one axillar, although a pair could be occasionally noted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFF7589A7FF476DDA" box="[159,247,1507,1530]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hydrothecae cup-shaped, rather deep, about 1/3rd adnate; abaxial wall slightly sigmoid, rounded proximally and slightly flaring below the rim; aperture circular in apical view, but distinctly sigmoid when seen laterally, due to broad (though shallow) abaxial emargination, giving the impression that an abaxial cusps occurs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFED88AE0FE1D6E9B" box="[306,429,1700,1723]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). All nematothecae, including the axillar ones, bithalamic and movable; mesial nematothecae triangular in frontal view, with deep adaxial emargination (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFE638B40FE6B6F3B" box="[393,475,1796,1819]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFE318B47FE536F31" box="[475,483,1795,1809]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFE318B47FE536F31" attach="left" box="[475,483,1795,1809]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">3</superScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); laterals relatively long, surpassing the hydrothecal rim (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFDE68B61FDD96F1C" box="[524,617,1829,1852]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
), and borne on well-developed apophyses; basal chamber high and narrow, upper chamber shallow, with sigmoid adaxial wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFF3E8BC1FE896FB1" box="[212,313,1923,1948]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,186,1150,1171]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionStartId-3="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1432,257,1098]" captionTargetBox-2="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetBox-3="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId-0="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetId-1="figure-373@10.[151,1436,257,1102]" captionTargetId-2="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetId-3="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="18" captionText-0="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." captionText-1="Fig. 4. Halopteris sibogae (Billard, 1913). Portion of stem and proximal part of a cladium in frontal (B) and lateral (C) aspects. Hydrotheca in frontal (D) and lateral (E) views. Cladial nematothecae (F): from ahydrothecate internodes (F1-4), mesial (F5, 6), lateral (F7), single (F8) and paired (F9) axillar ones. Female (G) and male (H) gonothecae. Cnidome (I). Specimens MHNG- INVE-97938 (A-G, I), MHNG-INVE-97926 (H). Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (D, E, I), 200 μm (G, H), 300 μm (A-C)." captionText-2="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." captionText-3="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590674" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5590674/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Fig. 6E
|
||
<superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFECE8BC7FE896FB1" attach="left" box="[292,313,1923,1937]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">4-7</superScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); axillar nematothecae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFDD68BC1FD256FB1" box="[572,661,1923,1948]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Fig. 6
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE39507FFF932C0BFD918BC1FD256FB1" box="[635,661,1923,1948]" degrees="6, 7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" precision="5555" value="6.7">
|
||
E
|
||
<superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFD668BC7FD256FB1" attach="left" box="[652,661,1923,1937]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">6</superScript>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFD768BC7FD146FB1" box="[668,676,1923,1937]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">7</figureCitation>
|
||
) small, with wall of upper chamber lowered on side facing adaxial wall of hydrotheca; both cladial (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFD608B81FD536FFC" box="[650,739,1989,2012]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFD098B80FD5B6FF2" box="[739,747,1988,2002]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFD098B80FD5B6FF2" attach="left" box="[739,747,1988,2002]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">2</superScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) and cauline (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFEC18BA1FE306FDC" box="[299,384,2021,2044]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFE6A8BA0FE386FD2" box="[384,392,2020,2034]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). Photos courtesy: N. & J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFE6A8BA0FE386FD2" attach="left" box="[384,392,2020,2034]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">1</superScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) nematothecae characteristically turned posteriad, tall, conical, with rim of apical chamber lowered adaxially. Female gonothecae borne on cauli by means of short, lateral apophyses given off from below the hydrothecae, followed by a pedicel composed of a quadrangular segment; large, piriform, with 2 basal nematothecae, and a large, apical aperture with thickened rim, perpendicular to long axis of the theca, and closed by a watch-glass-shaped operculum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFCA28927FC136D5A" box="[840,931,1379,1402]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C9F85AFF932C0BFC578927FC446D5A" box="[957,1012,1379,1402]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Male</collectingRegion>
|
||
gonothecae elongated-ovoid, curved proximally and provided there with single nematotheca; aperture distal, small, circular. Hydranths badly preserved, tentacle number could not be ascertained. Cnidome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFC6389A0FC506DDB" box="[905,992,1508,1531]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
|
||
): only large capsules (
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF932C0BFB2589A0FB586DDB" box="[1231,1256,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 17.5 × 6.3 μm), likely pseudostenoteles, observed in the material in hand. Color in life: milky white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFB4A8A60FB416E1B" box="[1184,1265,1572,1595]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). Photos courtesy: N. & J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF726630FF932C0BFF7D8F86FAF96C0D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" startId="16.[151,186,962,983]" targetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF932C0BFF7D8F86FAF96C0D" blockId="16.[151,1438,962,1069]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Fig. 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF932C0BFF098F86FE146BF7" authority="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[227,420,962,983]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF932C0BFF098F86FE146BF7" box="[227,420,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Halopteris australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57D1FF932C0BFE408F86FE456BF7" box="[426,501,962,983]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E
|
||
<superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFBD18F99FBF26BC9" attach="left" box="[1083,1090,989,1001]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">1</superScript>
|
||
) and cladia (E
|
||
<superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFB268F99FB636BC9" attach="left" box="[1228,1235,989,1001]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">2</superScript>
|
||
), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E
|
||
<superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFE818FBEFEC26C26" attach="left" box="[363,370,1018,1030]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">3</superScript>
|
||
), lateral from cauline (E
|
||
<superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFD8A8FBEFDD76C26" attach="left" box="[608,615,1018,1030]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">4</superScript>
|
||
) and cladial (E
|
||
<superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFD168FBEFCB36C26" attach="left" box="[764,771,1018,1030]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">5</superScript>
|
||
) hydrothecae, single (E
|
||
<superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFC008FBEFC416C26" attach="left" box="[1002,1009,1018,1030]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">6</superScript>
|
||
) and paired (E
|
||
<superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFB688FBEFB396C26" attach="left" box="[1154,1161,1018,1030]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">7</superScript>
|
||
) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF932C0BFCD58A10FBE56E4B" blockId="16.[831,1109,1620,1643]" box="[831,1109,1620,1643]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<heading id="D0FA81D4FF932C0BFCD58A10FBE56E4B" box="[831,1109,1620,1643]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF932C0BFCD58A10FC7D6E4B" bold="true" box="[831,973,1620,1643]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Dimensions:</emphasis>
|
||
See
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68F0303FF932C0BFBEA8A10FBE16E4B" box="[1024,1105,1620,1643]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="28.[148,201,1132,1153]" captionTargetBox="[159,1946,1194,1794]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Table 5. Measurements (in μm) and main morphological features of Halopteris australis sp. nov., H. millardae sp. nov., and H. brasiliensis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" tableUuid="DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF932C0BFCD58AC7FAD96F9C" blockId="16.[831,1437,1667,2077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF932C0BFCD58AC7FC006EBA" bold="true" box="[831,944,1667,1690]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
There is little doubt that the present material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF932C0BFC978AE7FB946E9A" box="[893,1060,1699,1722]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
is conspecific with the specimens with distinctly sinuated hydrothecal margins from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF932C0BFCD58AA0FBB36EDB" box="[831,1027,1764,1787]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
examined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF932C0BFB5C8AA0FC306F3B" author="Vervoort W. & Vasseur P." pageId="16" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref29409" refString="Vervoort W., Vasseur P. 1977. Hydroids from French Polynesia with notes on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 159: 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1977">Vervoort & Vasseur (1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF932C0BFC5E8B40FBAB6F3B" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[948,1051,1796,1819]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF932C0BFC5E8B40FBAB6F3B" box="[948,1051,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">H. buskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and, subsequently, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF932C0BFADB8B40FC306F1B" author="Schuchert P." pageId="16" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, provisionally assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF932C0BFB4C8B60FAFA6F1B" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1190,1354,1828,1851]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF932C0BFB4C8B60FAFA6F1B" box="[1190,1354,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Their main morphological and morphometrical features are compared in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68F0303FF932C0BFC248B21FB916F5C" box="[974,1057,1893,1916]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="28.[148,201,1132,1153]" captionTargetBox="[159,1946,1194,1794]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Table 5. Measurements (in μm) and main morphological features of Halopteris australis sp. nov., H. millardae sp. nov., and H. brasiliensis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" tableUuid="DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
. Unfortunately, it was not possible to obtain the material of Vervoort & Vassueur for a re-examination, due to ongoing renovation of NBC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF932C0AFCD58B81FDEE695A" blockId="16.[831,1437,1667,2077]" lastBlockId="17.[151,757,258,1411]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
|
||
The cauline internodes bear commonly 1 (52%) or 2 (44%) superior nematothecae, although up to 3 may occasionally (4%, n = 75 internodes belonging to 5 different stems) be present in the material in hand.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFF7D8D66FEE86919" author="Schuchert P." box="[151,344,290,313]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, however, reports up to 5 of these. The number of axillar nematothecae was apparently overlooked by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFEDD8D27FDEA695A" author="Vervoort W. & Vasseur P." box="[311,602,355,378]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref29409" refString="Vervoort W., Vasseur P. 1977. Hydroids from French Polynesia with notes on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 159: 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1977">Vervoort & Vasseur (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C0AFF7D8DC7FD3469FB" blockId="17.[151,757,258,1411]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
|
||
1)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFF578DC7FEC669BA" author="Schuchert P." box="[189,374,387,410]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that, occasionally, these may occur in pairs behind the hydrocladial hydrothecae, a conclusion confirmed by our observations;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C0AFF7D8DA0FE376A9D" blockId="17.[151,757,258,1411]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">2) it was noted that, on cauli, one nematotheca of a pair, namely that bent towards the cladium, is hidden by the apophysis supporting its lateral counterpart, and requires a careful examination to be noticed; alternatively, it should be stated that only one nematotheca of a pair subsists on the distalmost cauline internodes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C0AFF7D8E82FDAB6B3E" blockId="17.[151,757,258,1411]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Only female gonothecae occur in the present material (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF922C0AFF758EA2FF436ADD" box="[159,243,742,765]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
), although those of both sexes were illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFF538F43FEDB6B3E" author="Schuchert P." box="[185,363,775,798]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 23B, right).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C0AFF7D8F63FD446BFF" blockId="17.[151,757,258,1411]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFF7D8F63FEC26B1E" authorityName="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,370,807,830]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFF7D8F63FEC26B1E" box="[151,370,807,830]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, through the presence of pairs of axillar nematothecae especially on the stem, and the heteromerous segmentation of its cladia, resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFF7D8FCCFE866BBF" authority="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,310,904,927]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFF7D8FCCFE866BBF" box="[151,310,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57D1FF922C0AFEAB8FCCFE296BBF" box="[321,409,904,927]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFE4D8FCCFDD46BBF" baseAuthorityName="Marktanner-Turneretscher" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[423,612,904,927]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="liechtensternii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFE4D8FCCFDD46BBF" box="[423,612,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. liechtensternii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFD4F8FCCFF676B9F" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFD4F8FCCFF676B9F" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, any of these is provided with the distinctively sinuated hydrothecal margin displayed by it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C0AFF7D8FADFEAB6DA3" blockId="17.[151,757,258,1411]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
|
||
In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFEF18FADFE076C20" authorityName="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[283,439,1001,1024]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFEF18FADFE076C20" box="[283,439,1001,1024]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has thicker stems and cladia, its lateral nematothecae are relatively short and conical, and do not surpass the hydrothecal rim.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFD68886DFE806C40" baseAuthorityName="Marktanner-Turneretscher" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="liechtensternii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFD68886DFE806C40" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris liechtensternii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is readily distinguished through the shape and size of its gonothecae, the females being long and almost tubular, while the males are dwarfed.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFD6888CEFF496CE1" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFD6888CEFF496CE1" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forms comparatively shorter cormoids, with shorter stem internodes (and, consequently, more approximated cladia) provided with 1-2 superior nematothecae characteristically arranged in a row, and its hydrothecae are slightly shorter and narrower. Additional differences to other congeners are summarized in Appendix 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C0AFF7D89DFFD0D6DF3" blockId="17.[151,756,1435,1491]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFF7D89DFFE9D6D92" bold="true" box="[151,301,1435,1458]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF922C0AFED389DFFE546D92" box="[313,484,1435,1458]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(present study),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF922C0AFD4389DFFF4F6DF3" name="French Polynesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFEE689F8FD956DF3" author="Vervoort W. & Vasseur P." box="[268,549,1468,1491]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref29409" refString="Vervoort W., Vasseur P. 1977. Hydroids from French Polynesia with notes on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 159: 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1977">Vervoort & Vasseur, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFDA789F8FD1D6DF3" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[589,685,1468,1491]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFDA789F8FD1D6DF3" box="[589,685,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. buskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |