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<document id="58882ADF8C397090E1A29C408E26AF5C" ID-CLB-Dataset="32086" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4320.2.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5f3f6c5c-3d87-41ce-91ac-9f434883f245" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="891958" ID-ZooBank="961A9Ba8-98D5-4395-Be2A-892Fbe2Ffa70" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1505466363727" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cui, Yongde" docDate="2017" docId="03A487930819FF8D0AC5FC73FCC9C90E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4320.2.10.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4320 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tubifex tubifex tubifex (Muller 1774" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="377" masterDocId="FF9DFFEB081EFF860A52FFF1FFEFC86B" masterDocTitle="Four species of Tubifex Lamarck (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Naididae) from Tibet, China" masterLastPageNumber="378" masterPageNumber="366" pageNumber="373" updateTime="1698468549770" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="03C8DEDB995C35FC01497803DF16164F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="1C37B8740B60E3558EB74BA86530AC85">Four species of Tubifex Lamarck (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Naididae) from Tibet, China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A119FD9DE41904E588C3877E7544D316">Cui, Yongde</mods:namePart>
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<mods:part id="7BDD56AD8592E8A36A31486F310934D8">
<mods:date id="47564A1D8CD3DE3DB8AE7FFABF2A21F0">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="6CCB71DAB3E8471AE851D5B6EFE5B12E" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="EECD0690D0DE9DF099B49FE7B1F86C00">2017-09-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EB14C292A1F5EA5D13DDF3FF679D3C1F">4320</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8F3DB9AD21086F5405A0D26D87D95746" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4320.2.10</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A487930819FF8D0AC5FC73FCC9C90E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5256392" ID-GBIF-Taxon="134090061" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5256392" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487930819FF8D0AC5FC73FCC9C90E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487930819FF8D0AC5FC73FCC9C90E" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">
<subSubSection id="C317650E0819FF810AC5FC73FE9DCBD6" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB236850819FF810AC5FC73FDE7CBF7" blockId="7.[151,520,898,957]" box="[151,520,898,924]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">
<heading id="D0FA81E90819FF810AC5FC73FDE7CBF7" bold="true" box="[151,520,898,924]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D060819FF810AC5FC73FDE7CBF7" authority="tubifex (Muller, 1774)" authorityName="tubifex (Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[151,520,898,924]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tubifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
<emphasis id="B979EA970819FF810AC5FC73FDE7CBF7" bold="true" box="[151,520,898,924]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">
<emphasis id="B979EA970819FF810AC5FC73FEBECBF7" bold="true" box="[151,337,898,924]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">Tubifex tubifex</emphasis>
(Müller, 1774)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236850819FF810AC5FC55FE9DCBD6" blockId="7.[151,520,898,957]" box="[151,370,932,957]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">
(
<figureCitation id="13362A000819FF810ACDFC55FEFDCBD6" box="[159,274,932,957]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 9" captionStart-1="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="8.[151,250,845,867]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1488,1510]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,824]" captionTargetBox-1="[285,1311,985,1454]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[151,1436,193,824]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[275,1312,979,1467]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 9. Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774), specimens from Tibet, SEM micrographs. A. Lateral view of anterior body. B. Spermathecal pore in X and male pore in XI. C. Hairs and pectinate chaetae in V. D. Dorsal pectinate chaeta in XII. E. Ventral chaetae in III. F. Ventral chaetae in XVI. Scale bars: A. 1000 µm; B. 500 µm; D. 10 µm; C, E, F. 20 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 10. Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774), specimens from Tibet. A. Spermatheca. B – C. Lateral view of male genitalia in segment XI. Scale bar: A – C. 100 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/891976/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/891978/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">Figs 9–10</figureCitation>
, table 1)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317650E0819FF810AC5FC16FC1DCC13" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB236850819FF810AC5FC16FDEACB96" blockId="7.[151,1437,999,1144]" box="[151,517,999,1021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D060819FF810AC5FC16FDEECB96" authority="Muller, 1774: 27" authorityName="Muller" authorityPageNumber="27" authorityYear="1774" box="[151,513,999,1021]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
<emphasis id="B979EA970819FF810AC5FC16FEA1CB96" box="[151,334,999,1021]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">Lumbricus tubifex</emphasis>
Müller, 1774: 27
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236850819FF810AC5FBF7FEC8CC32" blockId="7.[151,1437,999,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1D11AB0819FF810AC5FBF7FEC8CC32" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D060819FF810AC5FBF7FE6FCC77" authority="tubifex Muller" authorityName="tubifex (Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[151,384,1030,1052]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tubifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
<emphasis id="B979EA970819FF810AC5FBF7FEC0CC77" box="[151,303,1030,1052]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">Tubifex tubifex</emphasis>
Müller
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10940819FF810BDEFBF7FDC4CC77" author="Liang" box="[396,555,1030,1052]" page="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740819FF810BDEFBF7FDEACC77" author="Liang" box="[396,517,1030,1052]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" refString="Liang, Y. L. (1962) On some naidids and tubificids from north-eastern China. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 12, 14 - 26. [in Chinese with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="1962">Liang 1962</bibRefCitation>
: 20
</treatmentCitation>
–22;
<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10940819FF810832FBF7FCD3CC77" author="Brinkhurst" box="[608,828,1030,1052]" page="123" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740819FF810832FBF7FCE4CC77" author="Brinkhurst" box="[608,779,1030,1052]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1965) Studies on the North American aquatic Oligochaeta II: Tubificidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 117, 117 - 172." type="journal article" year="1965">Brinkhurst 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 123
</treatmentCitation>
–124; Brinkhurst 1966: 145;
<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10940819FF810E39FBF7FF01CC51" author="Brinkhurst" page="453" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740819FF810E39FBF7FA77CC77" author="Brinkhurst" box="[1131,1432,1030,1052]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Jamieson, B. G. M. (1971) Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 860 pp." type="book" year="1971">Brinkhurst &amp; Jamieson 1971</bibRefCitation>
: 453
</treatmentCitation>
–456;
<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10940819FF810B7FFBD5FD76CC51" author="Brinkhurst" box="[301,665,1060,1082]" page="3154" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740819FF810B7FFBD5FDB4CC51" author="Brinkhurst" box="[301,603,1060,1082]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Marchese, M. (1987) A contribution to the taxonomy of the aquatic Oligochaeta (Haplotaxida). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65 (12), 3154 - 3165. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 474" type="journal article" year="1987">Brinkhurst &amp; Marchese 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 3154
</treatmentCitation>
–3155;
<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10940819FF8108B7FBD5FC51CC51" author="Holmquist" box="[741,958,1060,1082]" page="189" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740819FF8108B7FBD5FC62CC51" author="Holmquist" box="[741,909,1060,1082]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" refString="Holmquist, C. (1983) What is Tubifex tubifex (O. F. Muller) (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae)? Zoologica Scripta, 12, 187 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1983. tb 00564. x" type="journal article" year="1983">Holmquist 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 189
</treatmentCitation>
–192;
<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10940819FF8109ADFBD5FB72CC51" author="Timm" box="[1023,1181,1060,1082]" page="32" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740819FF8109ADFBD5FB96CC51" author="Timm" box="[1023,1145,1060,1082]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" refString="Timm, T. (2006) A Nearctic tubificid Varichaetadrilus harmani (Loden) n. comb. in a Dutch wetland, with remarks on Tubifex tubifex (Muller) (Annelida: Oligochaeta). Zootaxa, 1281, 21 - 39." type="journal article" year="2006">Timm 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 32
</treatmentCitation>
–37;
<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10940819FF810E83FBD4FF02CC32" author="Marotta" page="181" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740819FF810E83FBD4FA77CC51" author="Marotta" box="[1233,1432,1060,1083]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" refString="Marotta, R., Crottini, A., Prada, V. &amp; Ferraguti, M. (2009) A morphological reappraisal of Tubifex blanchardi Vejdovsky, 1891 (Clitellata: Tubificidae). Acta Zoologica, 90, 179 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6395.2008.00368. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Marotta
<emphasis id="B979EA970819FF810F7AFBD7FAB3CC51" box="[1320,1372,1060,1083]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
: 181
</treatmentCitation>
–187.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236850819FF810AC5FB92FC1DCC13" blockId="7.[151,1437,999,1144]" box="[151,1010,1122,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">
For further synonymies and citations of the name see
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740819FF8108E4FB93FC01CC13" author="Brinkhurst" box="[694,1006,1122,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Jamieson, B. G. M. (1971) Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 860 pp." type="book" year="1971">Brinkhurst &amp; Jamieson (1971)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317650E0819FF810AC5FB53FD80CD2B" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB236850819FF810AC5FB53FD80CD2B" blockId="7.[151,1437,1186,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">
<materialsCitation id="3B653CD80819FF810AC5FB53FD71CC96" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638471500" collectionCode="IHB" country="Canada" latitude="29.765" location="Cuomujiri Mountain" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="94.406944" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" specimenCode="XZ20130630" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tibet">
<emphasis id="B979EA970819FF810AC5FB53FEA8CCD0" bold="true" box="[151,327,1186,1211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">New material.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE400819FF810B04FB52FE69CCD1" box="[342,390,1187,1210]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35160" name="Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">IHB</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBAB9EFE0819FF810BC4FB53FDC4CCD0" box="[406,555,1186,1211]" collectionCode="IHB" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35160" name="Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">
XZ
<quantity id="4CF59B600819FF810BE9FB53FDC4CCD0" box="[443,555,1186,1211]" metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.013063" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" unit="m" value="2.013063E7">20130630</quantity>
</specimenCode>
m–r, 6 mature specimens, whole-mounted in
<collectingCountry id="F31A76150819FF810E3AFB53FB53CCD0" box="[1128,1212,1186,1211]" name="Canada" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">Canada</collectingCountry>
balsam. 1 mature specimen, processed for Scanning Electron Microscopy. Collected from one river in
<location id="8ED2605E0819FF810EFEFB32FA73CCB7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487930819FF8D0AC5FC73FCC9C90E:8ED2605E0819FF810EFEFB32FA73CCB7" box="[1196,1436,1219,1244]" country="Canada" latitude="29.765" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="94.406944" name="Cuomujiri Mountain" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" stateProvince="Tibet">Cuomujiri Mountain</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE3950420819FF810ACDFB15FEC0CC96" box="[159,303,1252,1277]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" precision="15" value="29.765">29°45'54&quot; N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE3950420819FF810B6EFB15FE28CC96" box="[316,455,1252,1277]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" precision="15" value="94.406944">94°24′25″ E</geoCoordinate>
) of southern
<collectingRegion id="49C9F8670819FF810833FB15FD71CC96" box="[609,670,1252,1277]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">Tibet</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B653CD80819FF8108F9FB15FD80CD2B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638471499" collectingDate="2013-06-30" country="China" elevation="3537" location="Substrate" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F31A76150819FF8108F9FB15FD1BCC96" box="[683,756,1252,1277]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">China</collectingCountry>
., ca.
<elevation id="0020D1B60819FF81097EFB15FC5BCC96" box="[812,948,1252,1277]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.537" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" unit="m" value="3537.0">
<quantity id="4CF59B600819FF81097EFB15FC65CC96" box="[812,906,1252,1277]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.537" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" unit="m" value="3537.0">3,537 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
.
<location id="8ED2605E0819FF810992FB15FBC7CC96" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487930819FF8D0AC5FC73FCC9C90E:8ED2605E0819FF810992FB15FBC7CC96" box="[960,1064,1252,1277]" country="China" name="Substrate" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">Substrate</location>
<typeStatus id="54B688270819FF810E63FB17FB8ECC95" box="[1073,1121,1254,1278]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">type</typeStatus>
silt, hydrophytes abundant. Water depth
<quantity id="4CF59B600819FF810B75FAF6FE46CD75" box="[295,425,1287,1311]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" unit="cm" value="65.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="30.0">30–100 cm</quantity>
, water temperature 11.1°C, pH 7.0, dissolved oxygen 9.0 mg/L, conductivity 16.5 µs/cm. Collected on
<date id="FFB310450819FF810B7EFAD9FE2ECD2B" box="[300,449,1320,1344]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" value="2013-06-30">
<collectingDate id="EFF7E9AD0819FF810B7EFAD9FE2ECD2B" box="[300,449,1320,1344]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" value="2013-06-30">30 June 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
by the authors.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317650E0819FF810A95FAB9FDC9CFB0" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB236850819FF810A95FAB9FB8ACE07" blockId="7.[151,1437,1186,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">
<emphasis id="B979EA970819FF810A95FAB9FEB6CD0A" bold="true" box="[199,345,1352,1377]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">Description.</emphasis>
Length
<quantity id="4CF59B600819FF810BEAFAB8FDDBCD0B" box="[440,564,1353,1377]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="14.0">14–21 mm</quantity>
, width at genital segments X–XI 1.0–
<quantity id="4CF59B600819FF8109B6FAB8FBD2CD0B" box="[996,1085,1353,1377]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="373" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
. Segments 76–84. Prostomium obtuse (
<figureCitation id="13362A000819FF810AA2FA9BFEA4CDE8" box="[240,331,1386,1411]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="8.[151,250,845,867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,824]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,824]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774), specimens from Tibet, SEM micrographs. A. Lateral view of anterior body. B. Spermathecal pore in X and male pore in XI. C. Hairs and pectinate chaetae in V. D. Dorsal pectinate chaeta in XII. E. Ventral chaetae in III. F. Ventral chaetae in XVI. Scale bars: A. 1000 µm; B. 500 µm; D. 10 µm; C, E, F. 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891976/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
). Clitellum inconspicuous. No coelomocytes. Dorsal chaetae 1–2 hairs and 2–3 bifids per bundle. Hairs slightly hirsute, 250–550 µm long, 2–4 µm thick (
<figureCitation id="13362A000819FF81094AFA7AFC9DCDCF" box="[792,882,1419,1444]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="8.[151,250,845,867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,824]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,824]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774), specimens from Tibet, SEM micrographs. A. Lateral view of anterior body. B. Spermathecal pore in X and male pore in XI. C. Hairs and pectinate chaetae in V. D. Dorsal pectinate chaeta in XII. E. Ventral chaetae in III. F. Ventral chaetae in XVI. Scale bars: A. 1000 µm; B. 500 µm; D. 10 µm; C, E, F. 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891976/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
). Dorsal bifids pectinate, 100–150 µm long, 2–4 µm thick, two short outer teeth nearly equal, 7.5 µm long, with 1–4 fine intermediate teeth, nodulus distal (
<figureCitation id="13362A000819FF810F3DFA5DFF52CD8C" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="8.[151,250,845,867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,824]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,824]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774), specimens from Tibet, SEM micrographs. A. Lateral view of anterior body. B. Spermathecal pore in X and male pore in XI. C. Hairs and pectinate chaetae in V. D. Dorsal pectinate chaeta in XII. E. Ventral chaetae in III. F. Ventral chaetae in XVI. Scale bars: A. 1000 µm; B. 500 µm; D. 10 µm; C, E, F. 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891976/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
). Ventral chaetae bifid, anteriorly 3–5 per bundle, posteriorly 2–3 per bundle, 55–150 µm long, 3–5 µm thick, anterior upper tooth slightly thinner than and nearly 2 times as long as lower (10 µm/6 µm), posterior upper tooth as long as lower (7 µm/6 µm), with (0) 1–3 fine intermediate teeth, nodulus distal (
<figureCitation id="13362A000819FF810E60F9E1FB48CE42" box="[1074,1191,1552,1577]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="8.[151,250,845,867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,824]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,824]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774), specimens from Tibet, SEM micrographs. A. Lateral view of anterior body. B. Spermathecal pore in X and male pore in XI. C. Hairs and pectinate chaetae in V. D. Dorsal pectinate chaeta in XII. E. Ventral chaetae in III. F. Ventral chaetae in XVI. Scale bars: A. 1000 µm; B. 500 µm; D. 10 µm; C, E, F. 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891976/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">Fig. 9E–F</figureCitation>
). Ventral chaetae in X and XI present, unmodified. Spermathecal pores paired in line with lateral line, in anterior of X (
<figureCitation id="13362A000819FF810EA0F9C3FAB7CE20" box="[1266,1368,1586,1611]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="8.[151,250,845,867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,824]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,824]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774), specimens from Tibet, SEM micrographs. A. Lateral view of anterior body. B. Spermathecal pore in X and male pore in XI. C. Hairs and pectinate chaetae in V. D. Dorsal pectinate chaeta in XII. E. Ventral chaetae in III. F. Ventral chaetae in XVI. Scale bars: A. 1000 µm; B. 500 µm; D. 10 µm; C, E, F. 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891976/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">Figs. 9B</figureCitation>
: spp). Male pores paired in line with ventral chaetae, middle to posterior of XI (
<figureCitation id="13362A000819FF81099FF9A2FBCACE07" box="[973,1061,1619,1644]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="8.[151,250,845,867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,824]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,824]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774), specimens from Tibet, SEM micrographs. A. Lateral view of anterior body. B. Spermathecal pore in X and male pore in XI. C. Hairs and pectinate chaetae in V. D. Dorsal pectinate chaeta in XII. E. Ventral chaetae in III. F. Ventral chaetae in XVI. Scale bars: A. 1000 µm; B. 500 µm; D. 10 µm; C, E, F. 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891976/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
: mp).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236850819FF810A95F985FDC9CFB0" blockId="7.[151,1437,1186,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">
Chloragogen cells beginning in VI onwards. Male genitalia generally paired in X–XI, in one specimen shifted to VI–VII. Sperm funnel cup-shaped. Vas deferens long and irregularly coiled, anteriorly 30 µm wide, posteriorly 50 µm wide, ciliated throughout and entering atrium subapically (
<figureCitation id="13362A000819FF8109D3F946FC07CEBB" box="[897,1000,1719,1744]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1488,1510]" captionTargetBox="[285,1311,985,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[275,1312,979,1467]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 10. Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774), specimens from Tibet. A. Spermatheca. B – C. Lateral view of male genitalia in segment XI. Scale bar: A – C. 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891978/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
: vd). Atrium comma-shaped, 500–600 µm long, maximally 120–125 µm wide, with long ejaculatory duct gradually becoming narrower toward the ectal end, and enlarged into a characteristic subspherical widening at the base of penis (
<figureCitation id="13362A000819FF810E1CF90BFB58CF78" box="[1102,1207,1786,1811]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1488,1510]" captionTargetBox="[285,1311,985,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[275,1312,979,1467]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 10. Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774), specimens from Tibet. A. Spermatheca. B – C. Lateral view of male genitalia in segment XI. Scale bar: A – C. 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891978/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
: at). Large compact prostate gland with stalk-like attachment connected to ental atrium subapically near the vas deferens, 150–200 µm long, 200–250 µm wide (
<figureCitation id="13362A000819FF810BEAF8CDFDCFCF3E" box="[440,544,1852,1877]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1488,1510]" captionTargetBox="[285,1311,985,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[275,1312,979,1467]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 10. Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774), specimens from Tibet. A. Spermatheca. B – C. Lateral view of male genitalia in segment XI. Scale bar: A – C. 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891978/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
: pr). Penis cylindrical (
<figureCitation id="13362A000819FF810979F8CDFC7CCF3E" box="[811,915,1852,1877]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1488,1510]" captionTargetBox="[285,1311,985,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[275,1312,979,1467]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 10. Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774), specimens from Tibet. A. Spermatheca. B – C. Lateral view of male genitalia in segment XI. Scale bar: A – C. 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891978/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
: pe), 150–175 µm long, covered with a short, tub-shaped, flexible (= non-chitinous), cuticle ring. Testes paired in X, immediately behind septum 9/10. Ovaries paired in XI, immediately behind septum 10/11. Spermathecae generally paired in X (One specimen shifted to VI), with ampullae partially pressed into XI, 500–625 µm long, 250–330 µm wide; duct 150–225 µm long; sperm not observed in lumina (
<figureCitation id="13362A000819FF810B2FF833FE0ACFB0" box="[381,485,1986,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1488,1510]" captionTargetBox="[285,1311,985,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[275,1312,979,1467]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 10. Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774), specimens from Tibet. A. Spermatheca. B – C. Lateral view of male genitalia in segment XI. Scale bar: A – C. 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891978/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="373">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
: spa).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF72660D0816FF8E0AC5FCBCFB58CBCA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891976/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" targetBox="[151,1436,193,824]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BB236850816FF8E0AC5FCBCFB58CBCA" blockId="8.[151,1436,845,929]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">
<emphasis id="B979EA970816FF8E0AC5FCBCFEFACB08" bold="true" box="[151,277,845,867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D060816FF8E0B4CFCBCFDB7CB08" authority="tubifex (Muller, 1774)" authorityName="tubifex (Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[286,600,845,867]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tubifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
<emphasis id="B979EA970816FF8E0B4CFCBCFE58CB08" box="[286,439,845,867]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">Tubifex tubifex</emphasis>
(Müller, 1774)
</taxonomicName>
, specimens from Tibet, SEM micrographs.
<emphasis id="B979EA970816FF8E0E70FCBFFBD5CB08" bold="true" box="[1058,1082,846,867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">A.</emphasis>
Lateral view of anterior body.
<emphasis id="B979EA970816FF8E0FD6FCBFFA74CB08" bold="true" box="[1412,1435,846,867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">B.</emphasis>
Spermathecal pore in X and male pore in XI.
<emphasis id="B979EA970816FF8E0834FC9DFD90CBE9" bold="true" box="[614,639,876,898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">C.</emphasis>
Hairs and pectinate chaetae in V.
<emphasis id="B979EA970816FF8E098AFC9DFC1ECBEA" bold="true" box="[984,1009,876,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">D.</emphasis>
Dorsal pectinate chaeta in XII.
<emphasis id="B979EA970816FF8E0F67FC9DFAA3CBEA" bold="true" box="[1333,1356,876,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">E.</emphasis>
Ventral chaetae in III.
<emphasis id="B979EA970816FF8E0B7BFC7AFED5CBCB" bold="true" box="[297,314,907,928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">F.</emphasis>
Ventral chaetae in XVI. Scale bars: A. 1000 µm; B. 500 µm; D. 10 µm; C, E, F. 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF72660D0816FF8E0AC5FA21FDF9CE6F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891978/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" targetBox="[285,1311,985,1454]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BB236850816FF8E0AC5FA21FDF9CE6F" blockId="8.[151,1436,1488,1540]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">
<emphasis id="B979EA970816FF8E0AC5FA21FECECD8E" bold="true" box="[151,289,1488,1510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D060816FF8E0B7BFA21FD8FCD8D" authority="tubifex (Muller, 1774)" authorityName="tubifex (Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[297,608,1488,1510]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tubifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
<emphasis id="B979EA970816FF8E0B7BFA21FE2ECD8D" box="[297,449,1488,1510]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">Tubifex tubifex</emphasis>
(Müller, 1774)
</taxonomicName>
, specimens from Tibet.
<emphasis id="B979EA970816FF8E0908FA21FC9CCD8E" bold="true" box="[858,883,1488,1509]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">A.</emphasis>
Spermatheca.
<emphasis id="B979EA970816FF8E0E5EFA21FBADCD8D" bold="true" box="[1036,1090,1488,1510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">B–C.</emphasis>
Lateral view of male genitalia in segment XI. Scale bar: A–C. 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C317650E0816FF8F0A95F9C0FD9ACE71" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="375" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB236850816FF8E0A95F9C0FB0ECFB2" blockId="8.[151,1437,1585,2010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">
<emphasis id="B979EA970816FF8E0A95F9C0FED6CE21" bold="true" box="[199,313,1585,1610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D060816FF8E0B6DF9C3FE4BCE21" authorityName="tubifex (Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[319,420,1585,1610]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tubifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
<emphasis id="B979EA970816FF8E0B6DF9C3FE4BCE21" box="[319,420,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">T. tubifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the most widely distributed species in the world, and has been redescribed over and over again (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740816FF8E0B49F9A3FE70CE00" author="Liang" box="[283,415,1618,1643]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" refString="Liang, Y. L. (1962) On some naidids and tubificids from north-eastern China. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 12, 14 - 26. [in Chinese with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="1962">Liang 1962</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740816FF8E0BF9F9A3FD00CE00" author="Brinkhurst" box="[427,751,1618,1643]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Jamieson, B. G. M. (1971) Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 860 pp." type="book" year="1971">Brinkhurst &amp; Jamieson 1971</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740816FF8E08A9F9A3FBACCE00" author="Brinkhurst" box="[763,1091,1618,1643]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Marchese, M. (1987) A contribution to the taxonomy of the aquatic Oligochaeta (Haplotaxida). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65 (12), 3154 - 3165. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 474" type="journal article" year="1987">Brinkhurst &amp; Marchese 1987</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740816FF8E0E02F9A3FB3ACE00" author="Hrabe" box="[1104,1237,1618,1643]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" refString="Hrabe, S. (1981) Vodni malostetinatci (Oligochaeta) Ceskoslovenska. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Biologica, 167 pp." type="book" year="1981">Hrabě 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740816FF8E0EB0F9A3FA77CE00" author="Holmquist" box="[1250,1432,1618,1643]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" refString="Holmquist, C. (1983) What is Tubifex tubifex (O. F. Muller) (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae)? Zoologica Scripta, 12, 187 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1983. tb 00564. x" type="journal article" year="1983">Holmquist 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740816FF8E0AC5F985FEF4CEE6" author="Timm" box="[151,283,1652,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" refString="Timm, T. (2006) A Nearctic tubificid Varichaetadrilus harmani (Loden) n. comb. in a Dutch wetland, with remarks on Tubifex tubifex (Muller) (Annelida: Oligochaeta). Zootaxa, 1281, 21 - 39." type="journal article" year="2006">Timm 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740816FF8E0B7AF984FDEECEE7" author="Marotta" box="[296,513,1652,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" refString="Marotta, R., Crottini, A., Prada, V. &amp; Ferraguti, M. (2009) A morphological reappraisal of Tubifex blanchardi Vejdovsky, 1891 (Clitellata: Tubificidae). Acta Zoologica, 90, 179 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6395.2008.00368. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Marotta
<emphasis id="B979EA970816FF8E0BD4F984FE50CEE6" box="[390,447,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
). The morphological accounts of this cosmopolitan species show some differences, mainly in the hair chaetae, the penial sheath and the spermatheca (Table 1). Some of these differences, however, may be due to different observation techniques or modes of interpretation: Under SEM-observation, the hair chaetae of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D060816FF8E0FDAF946FF0DCE9A" authorityName="tubifex (Muller" authorityYear="1774" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tubifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
<emphasis id="B979EA970816FF8E0FDAF946FF0DCE9A" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">T. tubifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="49C9F8670816FF8E0B7AF929FE8ECE9A" box="[296,353,1752,1777]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">Tibet</collectingRegion>
are slightly hirsute. Other authors, using light-microscopy, could not determine whether the hair chaetae of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D060816FF8E0B43F90BFE97CF79" authorityName="tubifex (Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[273,376,1785,1810]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tubifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
<emphasis id="B979EA970816FF8E0B43F90BFE97CF79" box="[273,376,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">T. tubifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other areas were serrate or not (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740816FF8E0976F908FC46CF79" author="Liang" box="[804,937,1785,1810]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" refString="Liang, Y. L. (1962) On some naidids and tubificids from north-eastern China. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 12, 14 - 26. [in Chinese with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="1962">Liang 1962</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740816FF8E09E4F908FB14CF79" author="Brinkhurst" box="[950,1275,1785,1810]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Jamieson, B. G. M. (1971) Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 860 pp." type="book" year="1971">Brinkhurst &amp; Jamieson 1971</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740816FF8E0F5BF908FEAACF58" author="Brinkhurst" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Marchese, M. (1987) A contribution to the taxonomy of the aquatic Oligochaeta (Haplotaxida). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65 (12), 3154 - 3165. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 474" type="journal article" year="1987">Brinkhurst &amp; Marchese 1987</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740816FF8E0B06F8EBFE34CF58" author="Hrabe" box="[340,475,1818,1843]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" refString="Hrabe, S. (1981) Vodni malostetinatci (Oligochaeta) Ceskoslovenska. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Biologica, 167 pp." type="book" year="1981">Hrabě 1981</bibRefCitation>
). Furthermore, we identified a cuticle ring around the penis of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D060816FF8E0EF9F8EDFAFECF58" authorityName="tubifex (Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[1195,1297,1818,1843]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tubifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
<emphasis id="B979EA970816FF8E0EF9F8EDFAFECF58" box="[1195,1297,1818,1843]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">T. tubifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="49C9F8670816FF8E0F0EF8EBFA78CF58" box="[1372,1431,1818,1843]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">Tibet</collectingRegion>
, whereas other authors, referring to the same structure, describe a penial sheath (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740816FF8E0E6BF8CDFB19CF3E" author="Brinkhurst" box="[1081,1270,1852,1877]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1965) Studies on the North American aquatic Oligochaeta II: Tubificidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 117, 117 - 172." type="journal article" year="1965">Brinkhurst 1965</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740816FF8E0F54F8CDFED0CF1D" author="Brinkhurst" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Jamieson, B. G. M. (1971) Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 860 pp." type="book" year="1971">Brinkhurst &amp; Jamieson 1971</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740816FF8E0B19F8ACFD7ECF1D" author="Brinkhurst" box="[331,657,1885,1910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Marchese, M. (1987) A contribution to the taxonomy of the aquatic Oligochaeta (Haplotaxida). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65 (12), 3154 - 3165. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 474" type="journal article" year="1987">Brinkhurst &amp; Marchese 1987</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740816FF8E08CFF8ACFCCDCF1D" author="Hrabe" box="[669,802,1885,1910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" refString="Hrabe, S. (1981) Vodni malostetinatci (Oligochaeta) Ceskoslovenska. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Biologica, 167 pp." type="book" year="1981">Hrabě 1981</bibRefCitation>
). The cuticle ring in specimens from
<collectingRegion id="49C9F8670816FF8E0E92F8ACFB16CF1D" box="[1216,1273,1885,1910]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">Tibet</collectingRegion>
is flexible and non-chitinous—we observed contractions in living specimens—and it shows clearly in vivo but is difficult to see or seemingly absent in material that has been stained with borax carmine and mounted whole in
<collectingCountry id="F31A76150816FF8E0EEDF851FAFECFD2" box="[1215,1297,1952,1977]" name="Canada" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">Canada</collectingCountry>
balsam. We therefore agree with
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740816FF8E0B2BF830FDD2CFB1" author="Holmquist" box="[377,573,1985,2010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" refString="Holmquist, C. (1983) What is Tubifex tubifex (O. F. Muller) (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae)? Zoologica Scripta, 12, 187 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1983. tb 00564. x" type="journal article" year="1983">Holmquist (1983)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740816FF8E0820F830FCEBCFB1" author="Timm" box="[626,772,1985,2010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" refString="Timm, T. (2006) A Nearctic tubificid Varichaetadrilus harmani (Loden) n. comb. in a Dutch wetland, with remarks on Tubifex tubifex (Muller) (Annelida: Oligochaeta). Zootaxa, 1281, 21 - 39." type="journal article" year="2006">Timm (2006)</bibRefCitation>
that
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D060816FF8E0968F833FC71CFB1" authorityName="tubifex (Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[826,926,1985,2010]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tubifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="8" pageNumber="374" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
<emphasis id="B979EA970816FF8E0968F833FC71CFB1" box="[826,926,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="374">T. tubifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has no penial sheaths proper.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236850817FF8F08A8FEE3FC44C9D6" blockId="9.[675,939,256,445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">
sheath
<emphasis id="B979EA970817FF8F09C7FEB0FC44C93F" box="[917,939,321,340]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">al</emphasis>
. 2009 Italy serrate muscular description no
<emphasis id="B979EA970817FF8F09C7FEA8FC44C901" box="[917,939,345,362]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">et</emphasis>
Marotta
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236850817FF8F08F1FE0BFD0BCB23" blockId="9.[675,939,474,653]" lastBlockId="9.[675,939,687,866]" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">
<collectingCountry id="F31A76150817FF8F08F1FE0BFD57CA05" box="[675,696,506,622]" name="Netherlands" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
smooth cuticle ring present absent or with spermatozeugmata
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740817FF8F09C4FDC3FC44CA40" author="Timm" box="[918,939,507,620]" pageId="9" pageNumber="375" refString="Timm, T. (2006) A Nearctic tubificid Varichaetadrilus harmani (Loden) n. comb. in a Dutch wetland, with remarks on Tubifex tubifex (Muller) (Annelida: Oligochaeta). Zootaxa, 1281, 21 - 39." type="journal article" year="2006">Timm 2006</bibRefCitation>
<collectingCountry id="F31A76150817FF8F08F1FD2DFD57CB5F" box="[675,696,732,820]" name="Denmark" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">Denmark</collectingCountry>
serrate
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236850817FF8F089DFD38FD0BCA83" blockId="9.[675,939,687,866]" box="[719,740,713,744]" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">not</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236850817FF8F089DFD1FFD9ACC0B" blockId="9.[675,939,687,866]" lastBlockId="9.[603,969,900,1943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">
or cuticle ring present absent or with spermatozeugmata
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740817FF8F09C4FD00FC44CA80" author="Holmquist" box="[918,939,699,854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="375" refString="Holmquist, C. (1983) What is Tubifex tubifex (O. F. Muller) (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae)? Zoologica Scripta, 12, 187 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1983. tb 00564. x" type="journal article" year="1983">Holmquist 1983</bibRefCitation>
areas
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236850817FF8F08F1FC42FD9ACCB8" blockId="9.[603,969,900,1943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">
Slovakia serrate sheath penial or present absent with spermatozeugmata
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740817FF8F09C4FC2AFC44CBBF" author="Hrabe" box="[918,939,932,1046]" pageId="9" pageNumber="375" refString="Hrabe, S. (1981) Vodni malostetinatci (Oligochaeta) Ceskoslovenska. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Biologica, 167 pp." type="book" year="1981">Hrabě 1981</bibRefCitation>
other and
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236850817FF8F0809FB2BFD57CC91" blockId="9.[603,969,900,1943]" box="[603,696,1218,1303]" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">
<materialsCitation id="3B653CD80817FF8F0809FB2BFD57CC91" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638471506" box="[603,696,1218,1303]" location="Tibet" pageId="9" pageNumber="375" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tibet">
<collectingRegion id="49C9F8670817FF8F0809FB2BFD9ACD7C" box="[603,629,1242,1303]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">Tibet</collectingRegion>
North
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236850817FF8F08F1FB9BFC26CC91" blockId="9.[603,969,900,1943]" box="[675,969,1113,1292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">
America not serrate or penial sheath or present absent with spermatozeugmata
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740817FF8F09C4FB7AFC26CCF1" author="Brinkhurst" box="[918,969,1130,1265]" pageId="9" pageNumber="375" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Jamieson, B. G. M. (1971) Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 860 pp." type="book" year="1971">Brinkhurst &amp; 1971</bibRefCitation>
Jamieson
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236850817FF8F0809FA79FC44CDD6" blockId="9.[603,969,900,1943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">from southern, China River serrate description without present Sungari no spermatozeugmata 1962 Liang</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236850817FF8F0809FA3DFD9ACE71" blockId="9.[603,969,900,1943]" box="[603,629,1484,1562]" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D060817FF8F0809FA3DFD9ACE71" authorityName="tubifex (Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[603,629,1484,1562]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tubifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="375" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
<emphasis id="B979EA970817FF8F0809FA3DFD9ACE71" box="[603,629,1484,1562]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">tubifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317650E0817FF8C0809F98EFC9DCA3A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="376" pageId="9" pageNumber="375" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB236850817FF8F0809F98EFC44CEC2" blockId="9.[603,969,900,1943]" box="[603,939,1538,1717]" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">
<materialsCitation id="3B653CD80817FF8F0809F98EFC44CEC2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638471508" box="[603,939,1538,1717]" country="China" location="Tibet" pageId="9" pageNumber="375" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tibet">
of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D060817FF8F0809F9D3FD9ACE12" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[603,629,1570,1657]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tubifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="375" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA970817FF8F0809F9D3FD9ACE12" box="[603,629,1570,1657]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">Tubifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="F31A76150817FF8F08F1F9D1FD57CE32" box="[675,696,1568,1625]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">China</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="49C9F8670817FF8F08F1F993FD57CEFC" box="[675,696,1634,1687]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">Tibet</collectingRegion>
, slightly hirsute cuticle ring present without spermatozeugmata research present
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236850817FF8F0809F96EFD9ACF47" blockId="9.[603,969,900,1943]" box="[603,629,1695,1836]" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">Comparison</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236850817FF8F08A8F901FD9ACFFC" blockId="9.[603,969,900,1943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">
cuticle
<emphasis id="B979EA970817FF8F0809F8CBFD9ACF23" bold="true" box="[603,629,1850,1864]" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">1</emphasis>
. Area Hair Penial Spermatheca Reference
<emphasis id="B979EA970817FF8F0809F8A1FD9ACFFC" bold="true" box="[603,629,1872,1943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="375">Table</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236850814FF8C0A2FFDCAFC9DCA3A" blockId="10.[125,882,571,593]" box="[125,882,571,593]" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">
<emphasis id="B979EA970814FF8C0A2FFDCAFF21CA3A" bold="true" box="[125,206,571,593]" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">Table 2</emphasis>
. Comparison of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D060814FF8C0B25FDCAFE2CCA3A" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[375,451,571,593]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tubifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="376" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA970814FF8C0B25FDCAFE2CCA3A" box="[375,451,571,593]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">Tubifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with funnel-shaped penial sheaths
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317650E0814FF8D0A2FFD8DFCD9C92B" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="10" pageNumber="376" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB236850814FF8D0A2FFD8DFCD9C92B" blockId="10.[125,1888,636,690]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,188,357]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">
Species
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D060814FF8C0BBFFD8DFD9BCAF9" box="[493,628,636,658]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tubifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="376" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="laxus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EA970814FF8C0BBFFD8DFD9BCAF9" box="[493,628,636,658]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">Tubifex laxus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B979EA970814FF8C08D6FD8DFD52CAF9" bold="true" box="[644,701,636,658]" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57EC0814FF8C08D6FD8DFD52CAF9" box="[644,701,636,658]" pageId="10" pageNumber="376" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D060814FF8C0888FD8DFC70CAF9" box="[730,927,636,658]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tubifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="376" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gracilentus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EA970814FF8C0888FD8DFC70CAF9" box="[730,927,636,658]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">Tubifex gracilentus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B979EA970814FF8C09F8FD8DFC0CCAF9" bold="true" box="[938,995,636,658]" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57EC0814FF8C09F8FD8DFC0CCAF9" box="[938,995,636,658]" pageId="10" pageNumber="376" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D060814FF8C0E78FD8DFB30CAF9" authorityName="Kowalewski" authorityYear="1919" box="[1066,1247,636,658]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tubifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="376" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montanus">
<emphasis id="B979EA970814FF8C0E78FD8DFB30CAF9" box="[1066,1247,636,658]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">Tubifex montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D060814FF8C0F77FD8DF9F1CAF9" authority="He, Cui" authorityName="He, Wang &amp; Cui" authorityYear="2012" box="[1317,1566,636,658]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tubifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="376" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="conicus">
<emphasis id="B979EA970814FF8C0F77FD8DFA2ACAF9" box="[1317,1477,636,658]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">Tubifex conicus</emphasis>
He, Cui
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D060814FF8C0C1CFD8DFA02CAD9" authority="Pickavance Kowalewski, 1919 Wang, 2012" authorityName="Pickavance Kowalewski, 1919 Wang" authorityYear="2012" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tubifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="376" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="newfei">
<emphasis id="B979EA970814FF8C0C1CFD8DF90DCAF9" box="[1614,1762,636,658]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">Tubifex newfei</emphasis>
Pickavance Kowalewski, 1919
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740814FF8C0F23FD6CFA02CAD9" author="Wang" box="[1393,1517,669,690]" pageId="10" pageNumber="376" refString="He, X. B., Cui, Y. D. &amp; Wang, H. Z. (2012) Two new species of Tubificinae (Annelida, Clitellata, Naididae) from Tibet, China. Zootaxa, 3458, 159 - 165." type="journal article" year="2012">Wang, 2012</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740814FF8C0CFAFD6DF8F0CAD9" author="Cook" box="[1704,1823,668,690]" pageId="10" pageNumber="376" refString="Pickavance, J. R. &amp; Cook, D. G. (1971) Tubifex newfei n. sp. (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) with a preliminary reappraisal of the genus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 49, 249 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 71 - 035" type="journal article" year="1971">Cook, 1971</bibRefCitation>
In the material of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D060815FF8D0BC9FF4CFDEAC8BE" authorityName="tubifex (Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[411,517,188,213]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tubifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="377" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
<emphasis id="B979EA970815FF8D0BC9FF4CFDEAC8BE" box="[411,517,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="377">T. tubifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="49C9F8670815FF8D081DFF4DFD63C8BE" box="[591,652,188,213]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="11" pageNumber="377">Tibet</collectingRegion>
, spermathecae are generally paired in X with no sperm observed in lumina, which is different from
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D060815FF8D087EFF10FD71C893" authorityName="tubifex (Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[556,670,223,248]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tubifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="377" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
<emphasis id="B979EA970815FF8D087EFF10FD71C893" box="[556,670,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="377">T. tubifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other areas that usually have paired spermathecae with spermatozeugmata, or only one spermatheca with spermatozeugmata, or no spermatheca at all (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740815FF8D0F53FEF5FEAEC92B" author="Brinkhurst" pageId="11" pageNumber="377" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Jamieson, B. G. M. (1971) Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 860 pp." type="book" year="1971">Brinkhurst &amp; Jamieson 1971</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740815FF8D0B1FFED6FE3CC92B" author="Hrabe" box="[333,467,295,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="377" refString="Hrabe, S. (1981) Vodni malostetinatci (Oligochaeta) Ceskoslovenska. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Biologica, 167 pp." type="book" year="1981">Hrabě 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740815FF8D0B8DFED6FD78C92B" author="Holmquist" box="[479,663,295,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="377" refString="Holmquist, C. (1983) What is Tubifex tubifex (O. F. Muller) (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae)? Zoologica Scripta, 12, 187 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1983. tb 00564. x" type="journal article" year="1983">Holmquist 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B740815FF8D08F1FED6FCC4C92B" author="Timm" box="[675,811,295,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="377" refString="Timm, T. (2006) A Nearctic tubificid Varichaetadrilus harmani (Loden) n. comb. in a Dutch wetland, with remarks on Tubifex tubifex (Muller) (Annelida: Oligochaeta). Zootaxa, 1281, 21 - 39." type="journal article" year="2006">Timm 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="8BB236850814FF8C0A2FFD35F8B7CD90" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">
<table id="F90DC425081400790A2FFD35F88FCE50" box="[125,1888,708,1595]" gridcols="6" gridrows="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">
<tr id="353D34C7081400790A2FFD35F88FCB20" box="[125,1888,708,843]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">
<th id="76EC5DBB081400790A2FFD35FE52CB20" box="[125,445,708,843]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">Hair chaetae Dorsal bifid chaeta Body length (mm)</th>
<th id="76EC5DBB081400790BB5FD35FD2CCB20" box="[487,707,708,843]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">slightly hirsute palmate 6.8–7.2</th>
<th id="76EC5DBB081400790888FD35FC0DCB20" box="[730,994,708,843]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">smooth anteriorly, serrate posteriorly pectinate 6.4–6.7</th>
<th id="76EC5DBB0814007909AEFD35FAE2CB20" box="[1020,1293,708,843]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">smooth palmate 10–12</th>
<th id="76EC5DBB081400790F74FD35F9D8CB20" box="[1318,1591,708,843]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">serrate pectinate 4.6–5.2</th>
<th id="76EC5DBB081400790C07FD35F88FCB20" box="[1621,1888,708,843]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">smooth pectinate 25–30</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353D34C7081400790A2FFC91F88FCB1C" box="[125,1888,864,887]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">
<th id="76EC5DBB081400790A2FFC91FE52CB1C" box="[125,445,864,887]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">Atrium length (µm)</th>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790BB5FC91FD2CCB1C" box="[487,707,864,887]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">100–140</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790888FC91FC0DCB1C" box="[730,994,864,887]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">560–640</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB0814007909AEFC91FAE2CB1C" box="[1020,1293,864,887]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">343</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790F74FC91F9D8CB1C" box="[1318,1591,864,887]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">140</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790C07FC91F88FCB1C" box="[1621,1888,864,887]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">470–490</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353D34C7081400790A2FFC7DF88FCBA2" box="[125,1888,908,969]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">
<th id="76EC5DBB081400790A2FFC7DFE52CBA2" box="[125,445,908,969]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">Atrium width (µm) Atrium length/Atrium width</th>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790BB5FC7DFD2CCBA2" box="[487,707,908,969]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">85–100 1.5</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790888FC7DFC0DCBA2" box="[730,994,908,969]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">80–100 6.4–7.0</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB0814007909AEFC7DFAE2CBA2" box="[1020,1293,908,969]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">72 4.8</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790F74FC7DF9D8CBA2" box="[1318,1591,908,969]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">44 3.2</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790C07FC7DF88FCBA2" box="[1621,1888,908,969]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">80–120 3.9–6.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353D34C7081400790A2FFC12F88FCB92" box="[125,1888,995,1017]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">
<th id="76EC5DBB081400790A2FFC12FE52CB92" box="[125,445,995,1017]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">Penial sheath length (µm)</th>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790BB5FC12FD2CCB92" box="[487,707,995,1017]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">30–40</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790888FC12FC0DCB92" box="[730,994,995,1017]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">520–540</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB0814007909AEFC12FAE2CB92" box="[1020,1293,995,1017]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">172</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790F74FC12F9D8CB92" box="[1318,1591,995,1017]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">45</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790C07FC12F88FCB92" box="[1621,1888,995,1017]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">60–70</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353D34C7081400790A2FFBE7F88FCC47" box="[125,1888,1046,1068]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">
<th id="76EC5DBB081400790A2FFBE7FE52CC47" box="[125,445,1046,1068]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">Penial sheath length-width ratio</th>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790BB5FBE7FD2CCC47" box="[487,707,1046,1068]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">1.0</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790888FBE7FC0DCC47" box="[730,994,1046,1068]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">15–16</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB0814007909AEFBE7FAE2CC47" box="[1020,1293,1046,1068]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">2.4</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790F74FBE7F9D8CC47" box="[1318,1591,1046,1068]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">1.0</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790C07FBE7F88FCC47" box="[1621,1888,1046,1068]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353D34C7081400790A2FFBB5F88FCC31" box="[125,1888,1092,1114]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="376" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76EC5DBB081400790A2FFBB5FE52CC31" box="[125,445,1092,1114]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">Drawing of male duct</th>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790BB5FBB5FD2CCC31" box="[487,707,1092,1114]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">See Fig. 3</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790888FBB5FC0DCC31" box="[730,994,1092,1114]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">See Fig. 5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353D34C7081400790A2FFAC4F88FCD20" box="[125,1888,1333,1355]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">
<th id="76EC5DBB081400790A2FFAC4FE52CD20" box="[125,445,1333,1355]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">Spermathecae</th>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790BB5FAC4FD2CCD20" box="[487,707,1333,1355]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">absent</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790888FAC4FC0DCD20" box="[730,994,1333,1355]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">present</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB0814007909AEFAC4FAE2CD20" box="[1020,1293,1333,1355]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">absent</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790F74FAC4F9D8CD20" box="[1318,1591,1333,1355]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">present</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790C07FAC4F88FCD20" box="[1621,1888,1333,1355]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">present</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353D34C7081400790A2FFAAEF88FCE50" box="[125,1888,1375,1595]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">
<th id="76EC5DBB081400790A2FFAAEFE52CE50" box="[125,445,1375,1595]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">Distribution References</th>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790BB5FAAEFD2CCE50" box="[487,707,1375,1595]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">Cuomujiri Mountain, southern Tibet, China present research</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790888FAAEFC0DCE50" box="[730,994,1375,1595]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">Juemu River, Cuomujiri Lake, Trigu Co present research</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB0814007909AEFAAEFAE2CE50" box="[1020,1293,1375,1595]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">
Tatra Mountains, Europe; Cuomujiri Mountain, southern Tibet, China Hrabě 1981; Brinkhurst &amp; Jamieson 1971; Peng
<emphasis id="B979EA970814FF8C0E88F9F7FAE2CE70" box="[1242,1293,1541,1563]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790F74FAAEF9D8CE50" box="[1318,1591,1375,1595]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">
Yamdrok Yumco, Gyaring Co, Chargut Co, Uruni Co, Chikui Co, Amdo Tsonak Co, Tibet, China. He
<emphasis id="B979EA970814FF8C0F0FFA17FA7ECD90" box="[1373,1425,1509,1531]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">et al.</emphasis>
2012; present research
</td>
<td id="76EC5DBB081400790C07FAAEF88FCE50" box="[1621,1888,1375,1595]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="376">Newfoundland, Canada Pickavance &amp; Cook 1971</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C317650E0815FF8D0A95FEBDFCC9C90E" box="[199,806,332,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="377" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB236850815FF8D0A95FEBDFCC9C90E" blockId="11.[151,1436,188,357]" box="[199,806,332,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B979EA970815FF8D0A95FEBDFE1EC90E" bold="true" box="[199,497,332,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="377">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
Cosmopolitan. Freshwater.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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