293 lines
37 KiB
XML
293 lines
37 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B74B609139A06EDCB1F18885FE8B1613">Taxonomic position of and generic distinction between Parepactophanes Kunz, 1935 and Taurocletodes Kunz, 1975 (Copepoda, Canthocamptidae incertae sedis), with description of a new species from the Black Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8E74CAF0D25A032DE46C2F953932BF1B">Karaytuǧ, Süphan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D5C6FBB1FDCF06D8C6D2F8F8C4575A01">Huys, Rony</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="174E3AC226F912ADC90C2EAEC2372829">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FD513AD269B0E4DD46834E0D2993EF09">2004</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A11C63BA5BFFA109C3BE77FBEBAA71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5110463" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189137614" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5110463" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A11C63BA5BFFA109C3BE77FBEBAA71" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A11C63BA5BFFA109C3BE77FBEBAA71" lastPageNumber="482" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
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<subSubSection id="C312FEFEBA5BFFA109C3BE77FDFFAE4C" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB7AD75BA5BFFA109C3BE77FDFFAE4C" blockId="13.[208,717,790,844]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
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<heading id="D0FF1A19BA5BFFA109C3BE77FDFFAE4C" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" reason="5">
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VALIDITY OF
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<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA1087BBE76FDFFAE4C" authority="AND GENERIC DIAGNOSES" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Taurocletodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA1087BBE76FDDAAE2C" box="[360,555,791,814]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">TAUROCLETODES</emphasis>
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AND GENERIC DIAGNOSES
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C312FEFEBA5BFFA10988BE06FEFAAB01" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB7AD75BA5BFFA10988BE06FEFAAB01" blockId="13.[155,771,871,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
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Proper comparison between the
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<typeStatus id="54B313D7BA5BFFA10B15BE06FDC6AE7C" box="[518,567,871,892]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10B86BE06FCF3AE7C" box="[661,770,871,892]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
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<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10B86BE06FCF3AE7C" box="[661,770,871,892]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">P. minuta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the material variously identified or named as
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<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10988BEC4FF41AEBA" box="[155,176,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">P.</emphasis>
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?
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<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA109D2BEC5FEF2AEB9" authorityName="Noodt" authorityYear="1958" box="[193,259,932,953]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
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<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA109D2BEC5FEF2AEB9" box="[193,259,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">dubia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10807BEC4FE79AEB9" authorityName="Kunz" authorityYear="1975" box="[276,392,932,954]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Taurocletodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallicus">
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<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10807BEC4FE79AEB9" box="[276,392,932,954]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">T. gallicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA108A5BEC4FDE3AEB9" authorityName="Noodt" authorityYear="1958" box="[438,530,932,954]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
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<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA108A5BEC4FDE3AEB9" box="[438,530,932,954]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">P. dubia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has until now been hampered by the fragmentary nature of the corresponding (re)descriptions or the unavailability of either males (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF99D084BA5BFFA10828B961FE27A916" author="Noodt W" box="[315,470,1024,1046]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" pagination="53 - 116" refId="ref9636" refString="Noodt W. 1958 b. Die Copepoda Harpacticoidea des Brandungsstrandes von Teneriffa (Kanarische Inseln). Abhandlungen der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz 1958 (2): 53 - 116." type="journal article" year="1958">Noodt, 1958b</bibRefCitation>
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) or females (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF99D084BA5BFFA10B7CB961FD07A916" author="Kunz H" box="[623,758,1024,1046]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" pagination="257 - 282" refId="ref9409" refString="Kunz H. 1975. Harpacticoiden (Crustacea, Copepoda) aus dem Kustengrundwasser der franzosischen Mittelmeerkuste. Zoologica Scripta 3: 257 - 282." type="journal article" year="1975">Kunz, 1975</bibRefCitation>
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). Consequently, the issue whether the respective
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<typeStatus id="54B313D7BA5BFFA10BC3B97EFCF0A934" box="[720,769,1055,1076]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">type</typeStatus>
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species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA1081EB95CFE3CA952" authorityName="Kunz" authorityYear="1935" box="[269,461,1085,1106]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA1081EB95CFE3CA952" box="[269,461,1085,1106]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Parepactophanes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10B16B95CFD50A952" box="[517,673,1085,1106]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Taurocletodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10B16B95CFD50A952" box="[517,673,1085,1106]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Taurocletodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are congeneric (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF99D084BA5BFFA10814B93DFE67A972" author="Kunz H" box="[263,406,1116,1138]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" pagination="117 - 208" refId="ref9435" refString="Kunz H. 1983. Harpacticoiden (Crustacea: Copepoda) aus dem Litoral der Azoren. Arquipelago, Serie Ciencias da Natureza 4: 117 - 208." type="journal article" year="1983">Kunz, 1983</bibRefCitation>
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), has not been satisfactorily addressed. The description of both sexes of
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<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10B95B91AFCF3A990" authorityName="Karaytuǧ & Huys" authorityYear="2004" box="[646,770,1147,1168]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Taurocletodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumenae">
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<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10B95B91AFCF3A990" box="[646,770,1147,1168]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">T. tumenae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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now enables us to subject the proposed synonymy of
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<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10988B9D9FEAAA9CD" authorityName="Kunz" authorityYear="1935" box="[155,347,1208,1229]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10988B9D9FEAAA9CD" box="[155,347,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Parepactophanes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA1088AB9D9FDC4A9CD" box="[409,565,1208,1229]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Taurocletodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA1088AB9D9FDC4A9CD" box="[409,565,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Taurocletodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to more scrutiny. Although
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<bibRefCitation id="EF99D084BA5BFFA10801B9B6FE4BA9ED" author="Noodt W" box="[274,442,1239,1261]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" pagination="53 - 116" refId="ref9636" refString="Noodt W. 1958 b. Die Copepoda Harpacticoidea des Brandungsstrandes von Teneriffa (Kanarische Inseln). Abhandlungen der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz 1958 (2): 53 - 116." type="journal article" year="1958">Noodt (1958b)</bibRefCitation>
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identified
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<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10B51B9B6FCF3A9EC" authorityName="Kunz" authorityYear="1935" box="[578,770,1239,1260]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10B51B9B6FCF3A9EC" box="[578,770,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Parepactophanes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as the closest match for
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<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA108D3B997FE24A80B" box="[448,469,1270,1291]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">P.</emphasis>
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?
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<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA108F5B994FDD9A80A" authorityName="Noodt" authorityYear="1958" box="[486,552,1269,1290]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
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<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA108F5B994FDD9A80A" box="[486,552,1269,1290]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">dubia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, it is obvious that he intended only provisional generic assignment. Amongst other, less significant, features he recognized the 3-segmented P1 endopod in the Tenerife material as the major stumbling block to its inclusion in
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<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10BD4B810FED9A8A4" authorityName="Kunz" authorityYear="1935" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10BD4B810FED9A8A4" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Parepactophanes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, since both the
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<typeStatus id="54B313D7BA5BFFA108C5B8EEFDF6A8A4" box="[470,519,1423,1444]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10B77B8EEFD20A8A4" box="[612,721,1423,1444]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
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<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10B77B8EEFD20A8A4" box="[612,721,1423,1444]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">P. minuta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the allegedly most closely related genera (
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<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10B90B8CCFF4FA8E2" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Cletocamptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10B90B8CCFF4FA8E2" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Cletocamptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA109D8B8ADFE2EA8E2" authority="Borutzky" authorityName="Borutzky" authorityYear="1926" box="[203,479,1484,1506]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Limnocletodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA109D8B8ADFE9CA8E1" box="[203,365,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Limnocletodes</emphasis>
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Borutzky
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</taxonomicName>
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) exhibit the 2-segmented condition.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C312FEFEBA5BFFA109A0BB68FACAA935" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB7AD75BA5BFFA109A0BB68FAFCAC54" blockId="13.[155,771,871,1905]" lastBlockId="13.[819,1435,196,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
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<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA109A0BB68FE20AB1F" authority="(Kunz, 1935)" box="[179,465,1545,1567]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
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<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA109A0BB68FE20AB1F" box="[179,465,1545,1567]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Parepactophanes minuta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has not been redescribed since Kunz’ (1935) original description, which omitted illustrations of the mouthparts but was otherwise sufficiently informative by contemporary standards. Using Kunz’ (1935) illustrations as the basis for comparison with
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<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10822BBC2FE5FABB8" authorityName="Karaytuǧ & Huys" authorityYear="2004" box="[305,430,1699,1720]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Taurocletodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumenae">
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<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10822BBC2FE5FABB8" box="[305,430,1699,1720]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">T. tumenae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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we believe that there are sufficient grounds to maintain the generic distinction between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10819BB81FE3BABF5" authorityName="Kunz" authorityYear="1935" box="[266,458,1760,1781]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10819BB81FE3BABF5" box="[266,458,1760,1781]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Parepactophanes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10B04BB81FD42ABF5" authority="(Kunz, 1935)" box="[535,691,1760,1781]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Taurocletodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10B04BB81FD42ABF5" box="[535,691,1760,1781]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Taurocletodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Most diagnostic characters readily emerge from a comparison of the swimming legs. We have no reason to doubt the accuracy of Kunz’ observations of the swimming legs since Noodt, who was generally more detailed in his approach and identified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10D92BDA4FB1EADDA" authority="(Kunz, 1935)" box="[1153,1263,197,218]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10D92BDA4FB1EADDA" box="[1153,1263,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on more than one occasion (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF99D084BA5BFFA10AF9BD82FB72ADF9" author="Noodt W" box="[1002,1155,227,249]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" pagination="42 - 64" refId="ref9539" refString="Noodt W. 1956. Verzeichnis der im Eulitoral der Schleswig-Holsteinischen Kusten angetroffen Copepoda- Harpacticoidea. Schriften der Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fur Schleswig-Holstein 28: 42 - 64." type="journal article" year="1956">Noodt, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF99D084BA5BFFA10D8FBD82FB24ADF9" author="Noodt W" box="[1180,1237,227,249]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" pagination="149 - 242" refId="ref9567" refString="Noodt W. 1957. Zur Okologie der Harpacticoidea (Crust. Cop.) des Eulitorals der deutschen Meereskuste und der angrenzenden Brackgewasser. Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Okologie der Tiere 46: 149 - 242." type="journal article" year="1957">1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF99D084BA5BFFA10DFDBD82FAC4ADF9" author="Noodt W" box="[1262,1333,227,249]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" pagination="223 - 225" refId="ref9605" refString="Noodt W. 1958 a. Schizopera pratensis n. sp. von Salzwiesen der deutschen Meereskuste (Crustacea, Copepoda). Kieler Meeresforschungen 14: 223 - 225." type="journal article" year="1958">1958a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), would undoubtedly have reported oversights or ambiguities in the original description when attempting to overcome the difficulties in placing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10D8EBC5EFAF4AC54" authorityName="Noodt" authorityYear="1958" box="[1181,1285,319,340]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10D8EBC5EFB43AC54" box="[1181,1202,319,340]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">P.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10DD0BC5EFAF4AC54" box="[1219,1285,319,340]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">dubia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB7AD75BA5BFFA10A58BC3CFACAA935" blockId="13.[819,1435,196,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
|
||
The P1 endopod in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10D31BC3CFB13AC72" authorityName="Kunz" authorityYear="1935" box="[1058,1250,349,370]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10D31BC3CFB13AC72" box="[1058,1250,349,370]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Parepactophanes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is as long as the exopod, 2-segmented, displays a [1.111] armature formula and lacks penicillate setae on the distal segment. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10A42BCD8FC1CACCE" authority="(Kunz, 1935)" box="[849,1005,441,462]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Taurocletodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10A42BCD8FC1CACCE" box="[849,1005,441,462]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Taurocletodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is distinctly longer than the exopod, 3-segmented, exhibiting a formula [1.1.111] with the inner seta on the middle and distal segments clearly penicillate in nature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1333B1F0BA5BFFA10D2BBF74FB5BAF2B" box="[1080,1194,533,555]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[155,233,1829,1848]" captionTargetBox="[206,1383,198,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[205,1384,197,1797]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Taurocletodes tumenae sp. nov. A, P1 ♀, anterior. B, P1 endopod ♀, posterior. C, P2 ♀, anterior. D, P2 ♂, anterior. E, left P5 ♀, anterior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634535/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Figs 5A,B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1333B1F0BA5BFFA10DA9BF74FB2BAF2B" box="[1210,1242,533,555]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="12.[142,218,1856,1875]" captionTargetBox="[151,1412,198,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-70@12.[151,1413,198,1824]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 9. Taurocletodes tumenae sp. nov. A, P1 endopod ♀, penicillate seta on enp-3 (tubular extension arrowed). B, antennule ♂, segments 5–7, anterior (modified elements arrowed). C, fifth and sixth legs ♂, ventral (functional gonopore arrowed)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634543/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
) (for absence of these setae in Kunz’ (1975) description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10C0CBF54FA62AF49" authorityName="Kunz" authorityYear="1975" box="[1311,1427,564,586]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Taurocletodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10C0CBF54FA62AF49" box="[1311,1427,564,586]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">T. gallicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see below). The distal exopod segment of P2–P4 has two outer spines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10D08BF10FB46AF86" authority="(Kunz, 1935)" box="[1051,1207,625,646]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Taurocletodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10D08BF10FB46AF86" box="[1051,1207,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Taurocletodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but this number is reduced to one in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10D3CBFF1FB1EAFA5" authorityName="Kunz" authorityYear="1935" box="[1071,1263,656,677]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10D3CBFF1FB1EAFA5" box="[1071,1263,656,677]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Parepactophanes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10A20BFCEFC51AFC4" authority="(Kunz, 1935)" box="[819,928,687,708]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10A20BFCEFC51AFC4" box="[819,928,687,708]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses an inner seta on P4 exp-3, which is lacking in all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10AE6BFACFB60AFE2" authority="(Kunz, 1935)" box="[1013,1169,717,738]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Taurocletodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10AE6BFACFB60AFE2" box="[1013,1169,717,738]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Taurocletodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Males of both genera can be readily distinguished by the sexual dimorphism on the P2–P3 exopods, being completely absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10ABFBE48FB9DAE3E" authorityName="Kunz" authorityYear="1935" box="[940,1132,809,830]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10ABFBE48FB9DAE3E" box="[940,1132,809,830]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Parepactophanes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but clearly expressed in the outer spine of the proximal segment in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10C5DBE28FC7AAE7C" authority="(Kunz, 1935)" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Taurocletodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10C5DBE28FC7AAE7C" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Taurocletodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This modification is moderate in P2, involving modest size increase of the spine and loss of surface ornamentation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1333B1F0BA5BFFA10AF8BEC5FBAEAEB9" box="[1003,1119,932,954]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[155,233,1829,1848]" captionTargetBox="[206,1383,198,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[205,1384,197,1797]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Taurocletodes tumenae sp. nov. A, P1 ♀, anterior. B, P1 endopod ♀, posterior. C, P2 ♀, anterior. D, P2 ♂, anterior. E, left P5 ♀, anterior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634535/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Fig. 5C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). It attains extreme proportions on the proximal exopod segment of P3 where the massive spine arises from a distinct pedestal, formed by the outer portion of the segment, and reaches to halfway along the distal segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1333B1F0BA5BFFA10DD1B97EFADEA935" box="[1218,1327,1055,1077]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[142,220,1829,1848]" captionTargetBox="[218,1348,199,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-76@8.[216,1349,197,1797]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Taurocletodes tumenae sp. nov. A, P3 ♀, anterior. B, P3 ♂ (excluding praecoxa and coxa), anterior. C, P3 exopod ♂, outer lateral. D, P3 endopod ♂, medial. E, P4 ♀, anterior. F, P4 ♂, anterior. G, ♀ genital field." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634537/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Fig. 6B,C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C312FEFEBA5BFFA10A58B95CFBEBAA71" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB7AD75BA5BFFA10A58B95CFA88A8E2" blockId="13.[819,1435,196,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
|
||
Both genera also differ in the segmentation and sexual dimorphism of the P2–P3 endopods. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10C3EB93CFA6BA972" box="[1325,1434,1117,1138]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10C3EB93CFA6BA972" box="[1325,1434,1117,1138]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the endopods are 1-segmented and that of the P2 not sexually dimorphic. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10D5AB9F8FB14A9AE" box="[1097,1253,1177,1198]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Taurocletodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10D5AB9F8FB14A9AE" box="[1097,1253,1177,1198]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Taurocletodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
both endopods are 2-segmented but the inner seta on enp-1 found in the female P2 (and corresponding to the inner seta of the 1-segmented endopod of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10DA1B994FA83A80A" authorityName="Kunz" authorityYear="1935" box="[1202,1394,1269,1290]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10DA1B994FA83A80A" box="[1202,1394,1269,1290]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Parepactophanes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is absent in males. The sexual dimorphism of the P3 endopod is similar in both genera although the fine details of segmentation and ornamentation are not discernible in Kunz’ drawings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10DBFB810FAE8A886" box="[1196,1305,1393,1414]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10DBFB810FAE8A886" box="[1196,1305,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">P. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The distal portion of the male P3 endopod appears to extend into an apophysis and the inner seta present in the female is lost in the male (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10D46B8ADFB00A8E1" box="[1109,1265,1484,1505]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Taurocletodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10D46B8ADFB00A8E1" box="[1109,1265,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Taurocletodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1333B1F0BA5BFFA10C13B8ADFA9CA8E2" box="[1280,1389,1484,1506]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[142,220,1829,1848]" captionTargetBox="[218,1348,199,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-76@8.[216,1349,197,1797]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Taurocletodes tumenae sp. nov. A, P3 ♀, anterior. B, P3 ♂ (excluding praecoxa and coxa), anterior. C, P3 exopod ♂, outer lateral. D, P3 endopod ♂, medial. E, P4 ♀, anterior. F, P4 ♂, anterior. G, ♀ genital field." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634537/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Fig. 6B,D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB7AD75BA5BFFA10A58B88AFC6AAB9A" blockId="13.[819,1435,196,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
|
||
Finally, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10AD1B88AFB73AB00" authorityName="Kunz" authorityYear="1935" box="[962,1154,1515,1536]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10AD1B88AFB73AB00" box="[962,1154,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Parepactophanes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the rostrum is short and blunt, and the female P5 baseoendopod bears two spines and two setae. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10D5DBB49FB1BAB3D" box="[1102,1258,1576,1597]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Taurocletodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10D5DBB49FB1BAB3D" box="[1102,1258,1576,1597]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Taurocletodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the rostrum is long and spatulate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1333B1F0BA5BFFA10D30BB26FB8CAB5C" box="[1059,1149,1607,1629]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[155,233,1803,1822]" captionTargetBox="[229,1358,202,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-71@5.[228,1360,197,1770]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Taurocletodes tumenae sp. nov. Female. A, rostrum and proximal segments of left antennule, dorsal. B, antennule, anterior. C, antenna, outer lateral. D, antennary endopod, medial. E, mandible. F, mandibular gnathobase. G, maxillule, posterior. H, maxilliped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634531/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1333B1F0BA5BFFA10D9FBB26FB5CAB5D" box="[1164,1197,1607,1629]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[142,220,1572,1591]" captionTargetBox="[144,1420,202,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-73@6.[142,1422,197,1539]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Taurocletodes tumenae sp. nov. A, rostrum and right antennule ♂, dorsal (for complete armature of segments 3–4 see B). B, antennule ♂, segments 3–10, ventral. C, maxilla (inset showing distal syncoxal endite). D, anal somite and left caudal ramus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634533/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the endopodal lobe of the female P5 carries four setiform elements (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1333B1F0BA5BFFA10A29BBE5FC7FAB9A" box="[826,910,1668,1690]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[155,233,1829,1848]" captionTargetBox="[206,1383,198,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[205,1384,197,1797]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Taurocletodes tumenae sp. nov. A, P1 ♀, anterior. B, P1 endopod ♀, posterior. C, P2 ♀, anterior. D, P2 ♂, anterior. E, left P5 ♀, anterior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634535/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB7AD75BA5BFFA10A58BBC2FBEBAA71" blockId="13.[819,1435,196,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
|
||
On the basis of the suite of generic diagnostics identified above we refute Kunz’ (1983) course of action to relegate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10A86BB81FBC0ABF5" box="[917,1073,1760,1781]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Taurocletodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10A86BB81FBC0ABF5" box="[917,1073,1760,1781]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Taurocletodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10C2BBB80FC69AA14" authorityName="Kunz" authorityYear="1935" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Parepactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10C2BBB80FC69AA14" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Parepactophanes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and instead re-instate the former as a valid genus, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C08D6F6BA5BFFA10AD1BA7FFB23AA33" authority="(Noodt, 1958)" authorityName="Karaytuǧ & Huys" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Noodt" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[962,1234,1821,1843]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cletodidae" genus="Taurocletodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C7167BA5BFFA10AD1BA7FFBDDAA32" box="[962,1068,1821,1843]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">T. dubius</emphasis>
|
||
(Noodt, 1958)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24FCC1CBA5BFFA10DC8BA7CFAA3AA33" box="[1243,1362,1821,1843]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
as its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B313D7BA5BFFA10A20BA5CFC95AA52" box="[819,868,1853,1874]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species. Amended generic diagnoses for both genera are given below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |