239 lines
33 KiB
XML
239 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="0DC172C9B8DD0D898D2E0B57FFE5D3F0" ID-CLB-Dataset="29843" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4438.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="72f3e4d9-31fa-4541-975f-d766a1589b6b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1294686" ID-ZooBank="40AA328A-C8EB-4A35-8434-064190D73040" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1529568150906" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Velasquez, Ximena, Bolaños, D. Marcela & Benayahu, Yehuda" docDate="2018" docId="03A02F4DFFE4FF862BE4FE2FD11DF894" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4438.2.2.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4438 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudobiceros stellae Newman & Cannon 1994" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="247" masterDocId="FF995735FFEEFF8C2B73FF9DD51DFFFE" masterDocTitle="New records of cotylean flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Rhabditophora) from coastal habitats of Israel" masterLastPageNumber="260" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="247" updateTime="1698550198233" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4FAFA139C0344C48AAA69D5D01E69BF1">New records of cotylean flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Rhabditophora) from coastal habitats of Israel</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="976AE70B3133E63F63F0C4488AA08D46">Velasquez, Ximena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C07CAA1295C44538FD61E534FE26F27D">Bolaños, D. Marcela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0D2FA26D2EFD1E2D3E0830BCA334F8F8">Benayahu, Yehuda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="855C3EEC5DB780251FC0E59927C052E2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="107F0220F0E8BE9661565C50E8EB030F">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2FD925D6AD24BD3BCBF8B540035B084A">4438</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A02F4DFFE4FF862BE4FE2FD11DF894" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6485381" ID-GBIF-Taxon="146016071" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6485381" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A02F4DFFE4FF862BE4FE2FD11DF894" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A02F4DFFE4FF862BE4FE2FD11DF894" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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<subSubSection id="C313CDD0FFE4FF862BE4FE2FD5F6FE10" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB69E5BFFE4FF862BE4FE2FD7FEFE32" blockId="10.[151,739,434,494]" box="[151,739,434,460]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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<heading id="D0FE2937FFE4FF862BE4FE2FD7FEFE32" bold="true" box="[151,739,434,460]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C09E5D8FFE4FF862BE4FE2FD7FEFE32" ID-CoL="4NPTQ" authority="Newman & Cannon, 1994" authorityName="Newman & Cannon" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,739,434,460]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Pseudobiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stellae">
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<emphasis id="B97D4249FFE4FF862BE4FE2FD7FEFE32" bold="true" box="[151,739,434,460]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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<emphasis id="B97D4249FFE4FF862BE4FE2FD484FE32" bold="true" box="[151,409,434,460]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Pseudobiceros stellae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF98E3AAFFE4FF862AD3FE2FD7FEFE32" box="[416,739,434,460]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" refId="ref14865" refString="Newman, L. J. & Cannon, L. R. G. (1994) Pseudoceros and Pseudobiceros (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Pseudocertotidae) from eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 37 (1), 205 - 266." type="journal article">Newman & Cannon, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB69E5BFFE4FF862BE4FE48D5F6FE10" blockId="10.[151,739,434,494]" box="[151,235,469,494]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133282DEFFE4FF862BECFE48D5FEFE10" box="[159,227,469,494]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1314,1336]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1293]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1293]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pseudobiceros stellae. (A) Dorsal view, in vivo. (B) Ventral view of the live specimen showing the pharynx, reproductive structures, and sucker. (C) Close-up of the anterior region showing the pseudotentacles and cerebral eyes. Inset showing the shape of the cerebral eyespot. Scale bar: 1mm. ce: cerebral eyes; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pt: pseudotentacles; su: sucker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294698/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C313CDD0FFE4FF862BE4FD80D188FD5C" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB69E5BFFE4FF862BE4FD80D4B9FD80" blockId="10.[151,1437,541,1898]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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<emphasis id="B97D4249FFE4FF862BE4FD80D738FDC8" bold="true" box="[151,549,541,566]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Material examined and locality:</emphasis>
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One mature specimen (
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<date id="FFB7B89BFFE4FF862836FD83D696FDC8" box="[837,907,542,566]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" value="2013-10-27">
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27x
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<quantity id="4CF133BEFFE4FF862802FD83D696FDC8" box="[881,907,542,566]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="13.0">13</quantity>
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</date>
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mm, live,
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<collectionCode id="ED18069EFFE4FF862F66FD80D1B6FDC8" box="[1045,1195,541,566]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">ZMTAU-VR</collectionCode>
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25179; GenBank ID:
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<accessionNumber id="945A03B8FFE4FF862BE4FDDCD407FDA7" box="[151,282,577,601]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MH047293" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">MH047293</accessionNumber>
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) preserved in ethanol 70%, collected at Mikhmoret, Israeli eastern Mediterranean Sea (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3DF89CFFE4FF862F8AFDDCD074FDA7" box="[1273,1385,577,601]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" precision="925" value="32.4">32° 24' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3DF89CFFE4FF862E06FDDCD5C8FD80" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" precision="925" value="34.866665">34° 52’ E</geoCoordinate>
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) on
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<date id="FFB7B89BFFE4FF862A7BFDFBD4BCFD80" box="[264,417,613,638]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" value="2016-05-22">22 May 2016</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB69E5BFFE4FF862BB4FD14D188FD5C" blockId="10.[151,1437,541,1898]" box="[199,1173,649,674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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<emphasis id="B97D4249FFE4FF862BB4FD14D431FD5C" bold="true" box="[199,300,649,674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Habitat:</emphasis>
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Specimen found on the rocky shore, under rocks during low tide (
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<quantity id="4CF133BEFFE4FF862F65FD17D122FD5F" box="[1046,1087,650,674]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
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depth).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C313CDD0FFE4FF862BB4FD30D1ABFB40" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BB69E5BFFE4FF862BB4FD30D5C1FC84" blockId="10.[151,1437,541,1898]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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<emphasis id="B97D4249FFE4FF862BB4FD30D47FFD38" bold="true" box="[199,354,685,710]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Distribution:</emphasis>
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Heron Island (
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<typeStatus id="54B220F9FFE4FF862966FD33D752FD38" box="[533,591,686,710]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Type</typeStatus>
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locality), Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef,
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<collectingCountry id="F31EDECBFFE4FF862F36FD30D1B1FD38" box="[1093,1196,685,710]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Australia</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingRegion id="49CD50B9FFE4FF862F99FD30D05BFD38" box="[1258,1350,685,710]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Madang" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Madang</collectingRegion>
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Island,
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<collectingCountry id="F31EDECBFFE4FF862BE4FD4FD473FD14" box="[151,366,721,746]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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<collectingRegion id="49CD50B9FFE4FF862BE4FD4FD5C1FD17" box="[151,220,722,745]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Papua</collectingRegion>
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New Guinea
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</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF98E3AAFFE4FF862A0FFD4FD782FD14" box="[380,671,722,746]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" refId="ref14865" refString="Newman, L. J. & Cannon, L. R. G. (1994) Pseudoceros and Pseudobiceros (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Pseudocertotidae) from eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 37 (1), 205 - 266." type="journal article">Newman & Cannon 1994</bibRefCitation>
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). Lizard Island and Coral Bay,
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<collectingCountry id="F31EDECBFFE4FF86288BFD4CD142FD14" box="[1016,1119,721,746]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Australia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF98E3AAFFE4FF862F1FFD4FD092FD14" box="[1132,1423,722,746]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" refId="ref14916" refString="Newman, L. J. & Cannon, L. R. G. (1997) Nine new species of Pseudobiceros (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Indo- Pacific. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 45 (2), 341 - 368." type="journal article">Newman & Cannon 1997</bibRefCitation>
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); Hawaii, Galapagos Island,
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<collectingCountry id="F31EDECBFFE4FF862AB0FD68D72EFCF0" box="[451,563,757,782]" name="Indonesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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, Marshall Island, and possibly the Red Sea (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF98E3AAFFE4FF862F6DFD68D1AFFCF0" box="[1054,1202,757,782]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" refId="ref15583" refString="Poulter, J. L. (1987) Phylum Platyhelminthes. Chapter 1, Section 2 & 3. In: Devaney, D. M. & Eldredge, L. C. (Eds.), Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii. Bishop Museum Press, Hawaii, pp. 13 - 58." type="book chapter">Poulter 1987</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF98E3AAFFE4FF862FCEFD6BD5C9FCCC" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" refId="ref15114" refString="Newman, L. J. & Cannon, L. R. G. (2005) Fabulous flatworms: a guide to marine polyclads. ABRS and CSIRO Publishing, Canberra and Melbourne, Australia. [CD-ROM interactive guide]" type="book">Newman & Cannon 2005</bibRefCitation>
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||
); Kavaratti Island (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF98E3AAFFE4FF862AB3FC87D7AFFCCC" box="[448,690,793,818]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" refId="ref11099" refString="Apte, D. & Pitale, R. D. (2011) New records of polyclad flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria) from coral reefs of Lanshadweep Island, India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 108 (2), 109." type="journal article">Apte & Pitale 2011</bibRefCitation>
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) and Nancowry Island,
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<collectingCountry id="F31EDECBFFE4FF8628AEFC84D10BFCCC" box="[989,1046,793,818]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">India</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF98E3AAFFE4FF862F5FFC84D092FCCC" box="[1068,1423,793,818]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" refId="ref16438" refString="Sreeraj, C. R. & Raghunathan, C. (2015) A report on the coral reef dwelling polyclads of Nicobar Islands, India. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 5 (2), 83 - 88." type="journal article">Sreeraj & Raghunathan 2015</bibRefCitation>
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||
);
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||
<collectingCountry id="F31EDECBFFE4FF862BE4FCA0D414FCA8" box="[151,265,829,854]" name="Singapore" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF98E3AAFFE4FF862A69FCA3D4C4FCA8" box="[282,473,829,854]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" refId="ref15328" refString="Ong, R. S., Tong, S. & Tay, T. S. (2015) Marine flatworms at Seringat Kias. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 182 - 184." type="journal article">
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Ong
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<emphasis id="B97D4249FFE4FF862A24FCA3D496FCA8" box="[343,395,829,854]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">et al</emphasis>
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. 2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
). In this study, the specimen was found at Mikhmoret, Eastern Mediterranean Sea,
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<collectingCountry id="F31EDECBFFE4FF862BE4FCFCD5C4FC84" box="[151,217,865,890]" name="Israel" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Israel</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BB69E5BFFE4FF862BB4FC18D1ABFB40" blockId="10.[151,1437,541,1898]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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<emphasis id="B97D4249FFE4FF862BB4FC18D4B5FC60" bold="true" box="[199,424,901,926]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">External anatomy.</emphasis>
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Oval and elongated body with ruffled margin (
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||
<figureCitation id="133282DEFFE4FF8628A4FC18D144FC60" box="[983,1113,901,926]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1314,1336]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1293]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1293]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pseudobiceros stellae. (A) Dorsal view, in vivo. (B) Ventral view of the live specimen showing the pharynx, reproductive structures, and sucker. (C) Close-up of the anterior region showing the pseudotentacles and cerebral eyes. Inset showing the shape of the cerebral eyespot. Scale bar: 1mm. ce: cerebral eyes; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pt: pseudotentacles; su: sucker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294698/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
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). Dorsal surface black with numerous white dots distributed over the entire body. Some dots are small and are more evenly distributed than the larger ones that aggregate and form large white clusters. Raised dorsal midline with larger patches of white close to each other, forming a wide irregular band posteriorly. A fine line of white microdots at the anterior end (
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<figureCitation id="133282DEFFE4FF862E47FC6CD092FBF4" box="[1332,1423,1009,1034]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1314,1336]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1293]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1293]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pseudobiceros stellae. (A) Dorsal view, in vivo. (B) Ventral view of the live specimen showing the pharynx, reproductive structures, and sucker. (C) Close-up of the anterior region showing the pseudotentacles and cerebral eyes. Inset showing the shape of the cerebral eyespot. Scale bar: 1mm. ce: cerebral eyes; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pt: pseudotentacles; su: sucker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294698/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
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). Ventral side black, translucent towards the margin (
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<figureCitation id="133282DEFFE4FF86298AFB88D64BFBD0" box="[761,854,1045,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1314,1336]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1293]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1293]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pseudobiceros stellae. (A) Dorsal view, in vivo. (B) Ventral view of the live specimen showing the pharynx, reproductive structures, and sucker. (C) Close-up of the anterior region showing the pseudotentacles and cerebral eyes. Inset showing the shape of the cerebral eyespot. Scale bar: 1mm. ce: cerebral eyes; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pt: pseudotentacles; su: sucker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294698/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
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). Square, lateral ruffled pseudotentacles, black in coloration with white tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133282DEFFE4FF862ABCFBA4D729FBAC" box="[463,564,1081,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1314,1336]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1293]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1293]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pseudobiceros stellae. (A) Dorsal view, in vivo. (B) Ventral view of the live specimen showing the pharynx, reproductive structures, and sucker. (C) Close-up of the anterior region showing the pseudotentacles and cerebral eyes. Inset showing the shape of the cerebral eyespot. Scale bar: 1mm. ce: cerebral eyes; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pt: pseudotentacles; su: sucker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294698/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Figs. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Indistinguishable pseudotentacular eyes due to the dark pigment. Cerebral eyespot located in a clear oval area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133282DEFFE4FF862947FBC0D790FB88" box="[564,653,1117,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1314,1336]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1293]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1293]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pseudobiceros stellae. (A) Dorsal view, in vivo. (B) Ventral view of the live specimen showing the pharynx, reproductive structures, and sucker. (C) Close-up of the anterior region showing the pseudotentacles and cerebral eyes. Inset showing the shape of the cerebral eyespot. Scale bar: 1mm. ce: cerebral eyes; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pt: pseudotentacles; su: sucker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294698/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Short and ruffled pharynx with simple folds located anteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133282DEFFE4FF862E1DFBC0D5A7FB64" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1314,1336]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1293]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1293]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pseudobiceros stellae. (A) Dorsal view, in vivo. (B) Ventral view of the live specimen showing the pharynx, reproductive structures, and sucker. (C) Close-up of the anterior region showing the pseudotentacles and cerebral eyes. Inset showing the shape of the cerebral eyespot. Scale bar: 1mm. ce: cerebral eyes; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pt: pseudotentacles; su: sucker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294698/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two conspicuous male gonopores located posterior to the pharynx. Female gonopore located in the midline close to the male gonopores. Presence of a large sucker behind the female gonopore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133282DEFFE4FF862F22FB38D1B4FB40" box="[1105,1193,1189,1214]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1314,1336]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1293]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1293]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pseudobiceros stellae. (A) Dorsal view, in vivo. (B) Ventral view of the live specimen showing the pharynx, reproductive structures, and sucker. (C) Close-up of the anterior region showing the pseudotentacles and cerebral eyes. Inset showing the shape of the cerebral eyespot. Scale bar: 1mm. ce: cerebral eyes; fg: female gonopore; mg: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; pt: pseudotentacles; su: sucker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294698/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C313CDD0FFE4FF862BB4FB54D11DF894" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB69E5BFFE4FF862BB4FB54D41FF9FC" blockId="10.[151,1437,541,1898]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D4249FFE4FF862BB4FB54D4A3FB1C" bold="true" box="[199,446,1225,1250]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C09E5D8FFE4FF862AB6FB54D7A7FB1C" authorityName="Newman & Cannon" authorityYear="1994" box="[453,698,1225,1250]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Pseudobiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D4249FFE4FF862AB6FB54D7A7FB1C" box="[453,698,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Pseudobiceros stellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C09E5D8FFE4FF8629BAFB54D6AEFB1C" baseAuthorityName="Hyman" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[713,947,1225,1250]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Pseudobiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bajae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D4249FFE4FF8629BAFB54D6AEFB1C" box="[713,947,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Pseudobiceros bajae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C09E5D8FFE4FF862880FB54D002FB1C" box="[1011,1311,1225,1250]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Pseudobiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="caribbensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D4249FFE4FF862880FB54D002FB1C" box="[1011,1311,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Pseudobiceros caribbensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
BOLAÑOS,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF98E3AAFFE4FF862BE4FB73D4C2FAF8" box="[151,479,1262,1286]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" refId="ref11541" refString="Bolanos, D. M., Quiroga, S. Y. & Litvaitis, M. K. (2007) Five new species of cotylean flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the wider Caribbean. Zootaxa, 1650, 1 - 23." type="journal article">QUIROGA & LITVAITIS, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
comprised a group of species with dark background and white spots over the dorsal surface. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C09E5D8FFE4FF862A1CFA8FD4CBFAD4" authorityName="Newman & Cannon" authorityYear="1994" box="[367,470,1297,1322]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Pseudobiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D4249FFE4FF862A1CFA8FD4CBFAD4" box="[367,470,1297,1322]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">P. stellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a “flower-like” organization of the white dots not seen in any of the other two species. Although our specimen displays such particular arrangement, the clusters are not regularly distributed as mentioned in the original description. In addition, our animal exhibits large white blotches along the midline that have not been observed in previous reports (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF98E3AAFFE4FF8629F2FAE0D60BFA68" box="[641,790,1405,1430]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" refId="ref15583" refString="Poulter, J. L. (1987) Phylum Platyhelminthes. Chapter 1, Section 2 & 3. In: Devaney, D. M. & Eldredge, L. C. (Eds.), Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii. Bishop Museum Press, Hawaii, pp. 13 - 58." type="book chapter">Poulter 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF98E3AAFFE4FF862852FAE3D15CFA68" box="[801,1089,1406,1430]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" refId="ref14865" refString="Newman, L. J. & Cannon, L. R. G. (1994) Pseudoceros and Pseudobiceros (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Pseudocertotidae) from eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 37 (1), 205 - 266." type="journal article">Newman & Cannon 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF98E3AAFFE4FF862F3FFAE3D038FA68" box="[1100,1317,1405,1430]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" refId="ref11099" refString="Apte, D. & Pitale, R. D. (2011) New records of polyclad flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria) from coral reefs of Lanshadweep Island, India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 108 (2), 109." type="journal article">Apte & Pitale 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF98E3AAFFE4FF862E43FAE0D472FA44" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" refId="ref16438" refString="Sreeraj, C. R. & Raghunathan, C. (2015) A report on the coral reef dwelling polyclads of Nicobar Islands, India. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 5 (2), 83 - 88." type="journal article">Sreeraj & Raghunathan 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF98E3AAFFE4FF862A0DFA3FD724FA44" box="[382,569,1441,1466]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" refId="ref15328" refString="Ong, R. S., Tong, S. & Tay, T. S. (2015) Marine flatworms at Seringat Kias. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 182 - 184." type="journal article">
|
||
Ong
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D4249FFE4FF862ACBFA3FD4F6FA44" box="[440,491,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, we considered that this feature could be related to the specific condition of the collected specimen (excessive clustering of dots or depigmentation) rather than a case of color variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB69E5BFFE4FF862BB4F993D11DF894" blockId="10.[151,1437,541,1898]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
|
||
Two other species with similar color pattern are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C09E5D8FFE4FF862861F990D6FCF9DB" authorityName="Newman & Cannon" authorityYear="1998" box="[786,993,1549,1574]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Pseudoceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="josei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D4249FFE4FF862861F990D6FCF9DB" box="[786,993,1549,1574]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Pseudoceros josei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF98E3AAFFE4FF86289DF993D02AF9D8" box="[1006,1335,1550,1574]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" refId="ref14964" refString="Newman, L. J. & Cannon, L. R. G. (1998) Pseudoceros (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Indo - Pacific with twelve new species from Australian and Papua New Guinea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 46 (2), 293 ¯ 323." type="journal article">NEWMAN & CANNON, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the morphotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C09E5D8FFE4FF862A37F9ACD720F9B7" box="[324,573,1585,1610]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Pseudoceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="maximus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D4249FFE4FF862A37F9ACD720F9B7" box="[324,573,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Pseudoceros maximus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF98E3AAFFE4FF862937F9AFD7D6F9B4" box="[580,715,1586,1610]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" refId="ref14019" refString="Lang, A. (1884) Die Polycladen (Seeplanarien) des Golfes von Neapel: und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte: eine Monographie. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 688 pp." type="book">LANG, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31EDECBFFE4FF86282CF9ACD6AFF9B4" box="[863,946,1585,1610]" name="Tunisia" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF98E3AAFFE4FF8628B3F9ACD1E5F9B4" box="[960,1272,1585,1610]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" refId="ref13125" refString="Gammoudi, M. & Tekaya, S. (2012) Distribution en Mediterranee occidentale de quelques polyclades (plathelminthes). Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France, 137 (1 - 4), 197 - 213." type="journal article">Gammoudi & Tekaya 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF98E3AAFFE4FF862E70F9ACD5EBF990" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" refId="ref13070" refString="Gammoudi, M., Ben-Rached, B. & Tekaya, S. (2011) Les polyclades (Plathelminthes de vie libre) du nord de la Tunisie: Inventaire et distribution. Bulletin de l'Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer de Salammbo, 38, 85 - 88." type="journal article">
|
||
Gammoudi
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D4249FFE4FF862EFBF9AFD5B0F990" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF98E3AAFFE4FF862A70F9CBD45DF990" box="[259,320,1622,1646]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" refId="ref13167" refString="Gammoudi, M., Garbouj, M., Egger, B. & Tekaya, S. (2017) Updated inventory and distribution of free-living flatworms from Tunisian waters. Zootaxa, 4263 (1), 120 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.1.5" type="journal article">2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, these are characterized by a single male gonopore instead of two as seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C09E5D8FFE4FF862E5DF9CBD08CF990" authorityName="Newman & Cannon" authorityYear="1994" box="[1326,1425,1621,1646]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Pseudobiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D4249FFE4FF862E5DF9CBD08CF990" box="[1326,1425,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">P. stellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Because researchers frequently fail to present detailed observations of the ventral side of the animal, polyclad taxonomy is replete with misidentifications, synonyms, and erroneous geographic distribution records. For instance,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF98E3AAFFE4FF862A76F95FD759F924" box="[261,580,1729,1754]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" refId="ref15114" refString="Newman, L. J. & Cannon, L. R. G. (2005) Fabulous flatworms: a guide to marine polyclads. ABRS and CSIRO Publishing, Canberra and Melbourne, Australia. [CD-ROM interactive guide]" type="book">Newman & Cannon (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C09E5D8FFE4FF862984F95FD640F924" authorityName="Newman & Cannon" authorityYear="1994" box="[759,861,1729,1754]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Pseudobiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D4249FFE4FF862984F95FD640F924" box="[759,861,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">P. stellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported in the Red Sea. However, no specific location, photographic record or additional information was provided. Hence, at this point it is not possible to confirm that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C09E5D8FFE4FF862A36F897D4B7F8DC" authorityName="Newman & Cannon" authorityYear="1994" box="[325,426,1801,1826]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Pseudobiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D4249FFE4FF862A36F897D4B7F8DC" box="[325,426,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">P. stellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed in both the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, potentially representing another Lessepsian species. This highlights the importance of a thorough examination of actual specimens and the avoidance of describing polyclad species based only on photographic records.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |