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<mods:title id="7B7F80E414F7F62E3E630E03D1E3E13E">New taxa and taxonomic revisions to the Poraniidae (Valvatacea; Asteroidea) with Comments on Feeding Biology</mods:title>
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<treatment id="039F453C955D8728FF0BFC9DFECCFA25" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6133833" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119426358" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6133833" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F453C955D8728FF0BFC9DFECCFA25" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F453C955D8728FF0BFC9DFECCFA25" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
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<paragraph id="8B89F42A955D8728FF0BFC9DFD4DFCD9" blockId="11.[151,750,836,862]" box="[151,750,836,862]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
<heading id="D0C14346955D8728FF0BFC9DFD4DFCD9" bold="true" box="[151,750,836,862]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FF0BFC9DFD4DFCD9" ID-CoL="6BR2H" authority="Sussbach &amp; Breckner 1911" authorityName="Sussbach &amp; Breckner" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,750,836,862]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Culcitopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FF0BFC9DFD4DFCD9" bold="true" box="[151,750,836,862]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FF0BFC9DFE27FCD9" bold="true" box="[151,388,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Culcitopsis borealis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955D8728FE0FFC9DFD45FCD9" author="Sussbach" box="[403,742,836,862]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" refString="Sussbach, S. &amp; Breckner, A. (1911) Die Seeigel, Seesterne und Schlangensterne der Nord - und Ostee. Wissenschaftliche Meereesuntersuchungen Kiel, 12, 167 - 300." type="journal article" year="1911">Süssbach &amp; Breckner 1911</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955D8728FF0BFC5DFBDFFC1D" blockId="11.[151,1436,900,1228]" box="[151,1148,900,922]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955D8728FF0BFC5DFBDFFC1D" box="[151,1148,900,922]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
?
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FF3EFC5CFE45FC1D" ID-CoL="3Y56M" authority="Perrier" authorityName="Perrier" box="[162,486,900,922]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Marginaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentagonus">
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FF3EFC5CFE38FC1D" box="[162,411,901,922]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Marginaster pentagonus</emphasis>
Perrier
</taxonomicName>
in Milne-Edwards 1882: 51;
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955D8728FC8DFC5DFC61FC1D" author="Perrier" box="[785,962,900,922]" page="165" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" year="1894">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955D8728FC8DFC5DFC31FC1D" author="Perrier" box="[785,914,900,922]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" refString="Perrier, E. (1894) Stellerides. Expedition Scientifique du Travailleur - Talisman, 3, 1 - 431." type="journal article" year="1894">Perrier 1894</bibRefCitation>
: 165
</treatmentCitation>
167, pl. 11, fig. 4
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32CA7A1955D8728FF0BFC7BFC7AFADE" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955D8728FF0BFC7BFEBCFC50" blockId="11.[151,1436,900,1228]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955D8728FF0BFC7BFEBCFC50" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FF0BFC7BFD29FC3F" authority="Sussbach &amp; Breckner 1911: 217" authorityName="Sussbach &amp; Breckner" authorityPageNumber="217" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,650,930,952]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteropseidae" genus="Culctia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FF0BFC7BFE99FC3F" box="[151,314,930,952]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Culctia borealis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955D8728FEDDFC7BFD29FC3F" author="Sussbach" box="[321,650,930,952]" page="217" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" year="1911">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955D8728FEDDFC7BFDFBFC3F" author="Sussbach" box="[321,600,930,952]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" refString="Sussbach, S. &amp; Breckner, A. (1911) Die Seeigel, Seesterne und Schlangensterne der Nord - und Ostee. Wissenschaftliche Meereesuntersuchungen Kiel, 12, 167 - 300." type="journal article" year="1911">Süssbach &amp; Breckner 1911</bibRefCitation>
: 217
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218, pl1, figs 46;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955D8728FCCAFC7AFC71FC3F" author="Farran" box="[854,978,930,952]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" refString="Farran, G. P. (1913) The deep water Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, and Echinoidea of the west coast of Ireland. Scientific Investigations of the Fish Board of Ireland, 1912 (6), 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1913">Farran 1913</bibRefCitation>
(pt): 1516 (sts SR 223 and 486 only), pl. 2, figs 1, 2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955D8728FF0BFC39FED1FB93" blockId="11.[151,1436,900,1228]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955D8728FF0BFC39FED1FB93" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FF0BFC39FD82FC71" ID-CoL="6BR2H" authority="Verrill 1914b: 21" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="21" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,545,992,1014]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Culcitopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FF0BFC39FEC7FC71" box="[151,356,992,1014]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Culcitopsis borealis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955D8728FEF0FC39FD82FC71" author="Verrill" box="[364,545,992,1014]" page="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" year="1914">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955D8728FEF0FC39FE5AFC71" author="Verrill" box="[364,505,992,1014]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1914 b) Revision of some genera and species of starfishes, with descriptions of a few new genera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 14 (79), 13 - 22. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931408693536" type="journal article" year="1914" yearSuffix="b">Verrill 1914b</bibRefCitation>
: 21
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</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955D8728FDB2FC39FD51FC71" author="Koehler" box="[558,754,992,1014]" page="160" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955D8728FDB2FC39FD1CFC71" author="Koehler" box="[558,703,992,1014]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" refString="Koehler, R. (1924) Les Echinodermes des Mers d'Europe. Vol 1. Generalites, Asterides, Ophiurides. Librarie Octave Doin, Paris, xii + 360 pp." type="book" year="1924">Koehler 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 160
</treatmentCitation>
161, pl. 2, figs 20, 21;
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955D8728FC6FFC39FAFAFC71" author="Cherbonnier" box="[1011,1369,992,1014]" page="1348" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955D8728FC6FFC39FAB4FC71" author="Cherbonnier" box="[1011,1303,992,1014]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" refString="Cherbonnier, G. &amp; Sibuet, M. (1973) Resultats scientifique de la campagne Noratlante, Asteroides et Ophiurides. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 76 (1972), 1333 - 1394." type="journal article" year="1973">Cherbonnier &amp; Sibuet 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 1348
</treatmentCitation>
; A.M. Clark 1976: 257.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955D8728FF0BFBC4FD0FFBB4" blockId="11.[151,1436,900,1228]" box="[151,684,1053,1075]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955D8728FF0BFBC4FD0FFBB4" box="[151,684,1053,1075]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FF0BFBC4FE29FBB4" ID-CoL="4LVVR" box="[151,394,1053,1075]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Poraniomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hispida">
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FF0BFBC4FE29FBB4" box="[151,394,1053,1075]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Poraniomorpha hispida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pt)
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955D8728FE27FBC7FD24FBB4" author="Mortensen" box="[443,647,1053,1075]" page="92" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" year="1927">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955D8728FE27FBC7FDC0FBB4" author="Mortensen" box="[443,611,1053,1075]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927) Echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, 471 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927">Mortensen 1927</bibRefCitation>
: 92
</treatmentCitation>
93
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955D8728FF0BFBE5FCDDFBD5" blockId="11.[151,1436,900,1228]" box="[151,894,1084,1106]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955D8728FF0BFBE5FCDDFBD5" box="[151,894,1084,1106]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FF0BFBE5FE29FBD5" ID-CoL="4LVVR" box="[151,394,1084,1106]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Poraniomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hispida">
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FF0BFBE5FE29FBD5" box="[151,394,1084,1106]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Poraniomorpha hispida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FE0CFBE4FD1AFBD5" authority="Grieg 1927: 131" authorityName="Grieg" authorityPageNumber="131" authorityYear="1927" box="[400,697,1084,1106]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" rank="variety" variety="borealis">
var.
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FE27FBE5FDAEFBD5" box="[443,525,1084,1106]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">borealis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955D8728FD8FFBE5FD1AFBD5" author="Grieg" box="[531,697,1084,1106]" page="131" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" year="1927">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955D8728FD8FFBE5FD2AFBD5" author="Grieg" box="[531,649,1084,1106]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" refString="Grieg, J. A. (1927) Echinoderms from the west coast of Norway. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, 65, 127 - 136." type="journal article" year="1927">Grieg 1927</bibRefCitation>
: 131
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133, 135, figs 16
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955D8728FF0BFB83FC5DFBF7" blockId="11.[151,1436,900,1228]" box="[151,1022,1114,1136]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955D8728FF0BFB83FC5DFBF7" box="[151,1022,1114,1136]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FF0BFB83FDE1FBF7" ID-CoL="4LVVR" authority="Gallo 1937: 1664" authorityName="Gallo" authorityPageNumber="1664" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,578,1114,1136]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Poraniomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hispida">
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FF0BFB83FE29FBF7" box="[151,394,1114,1136]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Poraniomorpha hispida</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955D8728FE0CFB83FDE1FBF7" author="Gallo" box="[400,578,1114,1136]" page="1664" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955D8728FE0CFB83FDA7FBF7" author="Gallo" box="[400,516,1114,1136]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" refString="Gallo, V. R. (1937) Sur le genre ' Culcitopsis ' Verrill (Asteroides). Compte Rendu XIIe Congres Internationale Zoologique, Lisbon, 1935. pp. 1664 - 1667." type="journal article" year="1937">Gallo 1937</bibRefCitation>
: 1664
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
1667, pl. 81;?Monteiro-Marques 1980: 99
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955D8728FF0BFBA0FD06FB08" blockId="11.[151,1436,900,1228]" box="[151,677,1145,1167]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FF0BFBA0FDAEFB08" authority="Dons 1938: 163" authorityName="Dons" authorityPageNumber="163" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,525,1145,1167]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Sphaeraster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="berthae">
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FF0BFBA0FEC7FB08" box="[151,356,1145,1167]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Sphaeraster berthae</emphasis>
Dons 1938: 163
</taxonomicName>
164, figs. 16
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955D8728FF0BFB41FE59FB29" blockId="11.[151,1436,900,1228]" box="[151,506,1176,1198]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955D8728FF0BFB41FE59FB29" box="[151,506,1176,1198]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FF0BFB41FE59FB29" authority="Dons 1939: 37" authorityName="Dons" authorityPageNumber="37" authorityYear="1939" box="[151,506,1176,1198]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteropseidae" genus="Spheriaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="berthae">
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FF0BFB41FEFCFB29" box="[151,351,1176,1198]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Spheriaster berthae</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955D8728FEF9FB40FE59FB29" author="Dons" box="[357,506,1176,1198]" page="37" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" year="1939">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955D8728FEF9FB40FE74FB29" author="Dons" box="[357,471,1176,1198]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" refString="Dons, C. (1939) Zoologiske Notizen. 37. Die Asteriden Gattung Sphaeriaster, nomen novum, Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab Foerhandlinger, 11, 37." type="journal article" year="1939">Dons 1939</bibRefCitation>
: 37
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955D8728FF0BFB6FFB78FB4B" blockId="11.[151,1436,900,1228]" box="[151,1243,1206,1228]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955D8728FF0BFB6FFB78FB4B" box="[151,1243,1206,1228]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FF0BFB6FFD57FB4B" ID-CoL="4LVVD" authority="A.M. Clark 1984: 33" authorityName="A.M. Clark" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,756,1206,1228]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Poraniomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="borealis" subGenus="Culcitopsis">
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FF0BFB6FFDB9FB4B" box="[151,538,1206,1228]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Poraniomorpha (Culcitopsis) borealis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955D8728FDBCFB6EFD57FB4B" author="Clark" box="[544,756,1206,1228]" page="33" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955D8728FDBCFB6EFD72FB4B" author="Clark" box="[544,721,1206,1228]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" refString="Clark, A. M. (1984) Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 4. Families Poraniidae and Asteropseidae. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 47 (1), 19 - 51." type="journal article" year="1984">A.M. Clark 1984</bibRefCitation>
: 33
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
41 (pt), figs 8a, 9CF, 10BF, 12AD, 13A, B.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955D8728FF0BFB20FC7AFADE" blockId="11.[151,1436,1273,1442]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FF0BFB20FE8AFA95" bold="true" box="[151,297,1273,1298]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Occurrence.</emphasis>
North Atlantic. Lydonia Canyon, south side of Georges Bank (off Cape Cod) to the vicinity of Hudson Canyon, SE of New York. In the NE Atlantic from northern
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA955D8728FC39FAC7FC5CFAB1" box="[933,1023,1310,1334]" name="Norway" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Norway</collectingCountry>
south to the British Isles, Porcupine Seabight SW of
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA955D8728FED3FA98FE3DFADD" box="[335,414,1345,1370]" name="Ireland" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Ireland</collectingCountry>
to southern
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA955D8728FDB6FA98FD2FFADD" box="[554,652,1345,1370]" name="Portugal" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Portugal</collectingCountry>
, Faeroe Islands.
<quantity id="4CCE59CF955D8728FCDBFA9BFC76FADE" box="[839,981,1346,1370]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="11.7" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" unit="m" value="640.0" valueMax="1170.0" valueMin="110.0">1101170 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32CA7A1955D8728FF5BFABCFECCFA25" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955D8728FF5BFABCFECCFA25" blockId="11.[151,1436,1273,1442]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FF5BFABCFE10FAF9" bold="true" box="[199,435,1381,1406]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF955D8728FE21FABFFDADFAF9" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[445,526,1382,1406]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">USNM</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber id="946569C9955D8728FD8BFABCFDD2FAF9" box="[535,625,1381,1406]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E30691" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" type="EnaNcbi">E30691</accessionNumber>
, Lydonia Canyon,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED955D8728FCD1FABFFC0CFAF9" box="[845,943,1382,1406]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" precision="925" value="40.333332">40º20”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED955D8728FC24FABCFBBEFAF9" box="[952,1053,1381,1406]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" precision="925" value="-67.683334">67º41W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCE59CF955D8728FBB7FABFFB27FAFA" box="[1067,1156,1382,1406]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1019999999999999" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" unit="m" value="1102.0">1102 m</quantity>
, Coll. R/V Alvin (1 dry spec. R=3.6, r=1.9)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>