1081 lines
135 KiB
XML
1081 lines
135 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="9293FD1B0BA98989594F001BAA6DCA55">New taxa and taxonomic revisions to the Poraniidae (Valvatacea; Asteroidea) with Comments on Feeding Biology</mods:title>
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<treatment id="039F453C955A8733FF0BFAE5FE21F8F7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6133837" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119426356" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6133837" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F453C955A8733FF0BFAE5FE21F8F7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F453C955A8733FF0BFAE5FE21F8F7" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="343" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
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<subSubSection id="C32CA7A1955A872FFF0BFAE5FE84FAF0" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B89F42A955A872FFF0BFAE5FD2EFAD1" blockId="12.[151,653,1340,1399]" box="[151,653,1340,1366]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
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<heading id="D0C14346955A872FFF0BFAE5FD2EFAD1" bold="true" box="[151,653,1340,1366]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955A872FFF0BFAE5FD2EFAD1" ID-CoL="3G48L" authority="E. A. Smith, 1876" authorityName="E. A. Smith" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,653,1340,1366]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Glabraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">
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<emphasis id="B9422838955A872FFF0BFAE5FD2EFAD1" bold="true" box="[151,653,1340,1366]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
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<emphasis id="B9422838955A872FFF0BFAE5FE3AFAD1" bold="true" box="[151,409,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Glabraster antarctica</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFE35FAE5FD26FAD1" author="Smith" box="[425,645,1340,1366]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Smith, E. A. (1876) Descriptions of species of Asteriidae and Ophiuridae from Kerguelen Island. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 4 (17), 105 - 113. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937608681912" type="journal article" year="1876">E. A. Smith, 1876</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89F42A955A872FFF0BFA87FE84FAF0" blockId="12.[151,653,1340,1399]" box="[151,295,1374,1399]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
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<figureCitation id="130DE8AF955A872FFF0BFA87FF50FAF0" box="[151,243,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,218,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Glabraster antarctica USNM 1081800 South Georgia Island, Scotia Sea (R = 4.6). A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Dorsolateral showing transverse abactinal plates and marginal plate series. D. USNM 1081968 Dorsolateral showing abactinal spines and marginal plate series (R = 4.3). E. USNM 1081798 McDonald Islands. Abactinal surface (R = 5.6). F. USNM 1081827 Ross Sea (R = 4.1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252139/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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||
A–F
|
||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32CA7A1955A872EFF0BFA7EFACDFF4B" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="340" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B89F42A955A872FFF0BFA7EFB30FA3B" blockId="12.[151,1437,1446,2021]" box="[151,1171,1446,1468]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955A872FFF0BFA7EFB30FA3B" box="[151,1171,1446,1468]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955A872FFF0BFA7EFDB7FA3B" authority="Philippi 1858: 267" authorityName="Philippi" authorityPageNumber="267" authorityYear="1858" box="[151,532,1446,1468]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astrogonium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fonki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955A872FFF0BFA7EFEF1FA3B" box="[151,338,1446,1468]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Astrogonium fonki</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFEC4FA7FFDB7FA3B" author="Philippi" box="[344,532,1446,1468]" page="267" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1858">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFEC4FA7FFE47FA3B" author="Philippi" box="[344,484,1446,1468]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Philippi, A. (1858) Beschreibung einiger neuer Seesterne aus dem Meere von Chiloe. Archive fuer Naturgeischicte (Berlin), 24, 264 - 272." type="journal article" year="1858">Philippi 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 267
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(suppressed as per
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFD47FA7FFCC5FA3B" author="Madsen" box="[731,870,1446,1468]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1956) Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948 - 49. 24. Asteroidea with a survey of the Asteroidea of the Chilean Shelf. Acta Universitatis Lundensis, 52 (2), 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1956">Madsen 1956</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFCECFA7FFB2FFA3B" author="Clark" box="[880,1164,1446,1468]" page="208" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFCECFA7FFBF8FA3B" author="Clark" box="[880,1115,1446,1468]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 820 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 208
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
)
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89F42A955A872FFF0BFA1FFA92F9D1" blockId="12.[151,1437,1446,2021]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955A872FFF0BFA1FFA92F9D1" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955A872FFF0BFA1FFDA4FA5C" ID-CoL="4LVVB" authority="Smith 1876: 108" authorityName="Smith" authorityPageNumber="108" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,519,1477,1499]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955A872FFF0BFA1FFEF4FA5C" box="[151,343,1478,1499]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Porania antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFEC0FA1CFDA4FA5C" author="Smith" box="[348,519,1477,1499]" page="108" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1876">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFEC0FA1CFE76FA5C" author="Smith" box="[348,469,1477,1499]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Smith, E. A. (1876) Descriptions of species of Asteriidae and Ophiuridae from Kerguelen Island. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 4 (17), 105 - 113. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937608681912" type="journal article" year="1876">Smith 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 108
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 1879: 275 pl. xvii., fig. 1;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFC84FA1CFC6BFA5C" author="Studer" box="[792,968,1477,1499]" page="160" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1885">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFC84FA1CFC35FA5C" author="Studer" box="[792,918,1477,1499]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Studer, T. (1885) Die Seesterne Sud - Georgiens mnach der Ausbeute der deutschen Polar - station in 1882 und 1883. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten. Hamburg, 11, 143 - 166." type="journal article" year="1885">Studer 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 160
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFC4EFA1CFB26FA5C" author="Sladen" box="[978,1157,1477,1499]" page="360" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1889">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFC4EFA1CFBF0FA5C" author="Sladen" box="[978,1107,1477,1499]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Asteroidea. Report of the Scientific Results of H. M. S. Challenger, 30, 1 - 893." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 360
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. lix, fig. 3;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFA8BFA1CFF53FA7D" author="Perrier" page="107" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1891">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFA8BFA1CFA3BFA5C" author="Perrier" box="[1303,1432,1477,1499]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Perrier, E. (1891) Echinoderma I. Stellerides. Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn, 1882 - 83. 6. Zoologie, (3), 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1891">Perrier 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 107
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFF60FA3DFE13FA7D" author="Ludwig" box="[252,432,1508,1530]" page="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1903">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFF60FA3DFE2AFA7D" author="Ludwig" box="[252,393,1508,1530]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Ludwig, H. (1903) Seesterne. Resultats du Voyage du S. Y. Belgica Zoologie, 1 - 72. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 20.512.536" type="book chapter" year="1903">Ludwig 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 22
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. ii. Figs. 18–20; 1905: 51–53, pl. vi., fig. 1;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFC38FA3DFBFFFA7D" author="Koehler" box="[932,1116,1508,1530]" page="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1906">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFC38FA3DFB96FA7D" author="Koehler" box="[932,1077,1508,1530]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Koehler, R. (1906) Echinodermes. (Stellerides, Ophiures et Echinides). Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1903 - 1905) commandee par le Dr. Jean Charcot. Sciences naturelles, documents scientifique. Masson et Cie, Paris, 41 pp." type="book chapter" year="1906">Koehler 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 10
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; 1911: 27–28; 1912: 66; 1917: 42–43; 1920: 178, pl. xxxiii, figs. 6, 7; 1923: 74;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFD22F9DBFCCDF99F" author="Fisher" box="[702,878,1538,1560]" page="154" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1940">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFD22F9DBFC99F99F" author="Fisher" box="[702,826,1538,1560]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1940) Asteroidea. Discovery Reports, 20, 69 - 306." type="journal article" year="1940">Fisher 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 154
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFCE4F9DBFB8FF99F" author="Madsen" box="[888,1068,1538,1560]" page="27" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1956">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFCE4F9DBFBA6F99F" author="Madsen" box="[888,1029,1538,1560]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1956) Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948 - 49. 24. Asteroidea with a survey of the Asteroidea of the Chilean Shelf. Acta Universitatis Lundensis, 52 (2), 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1956">Madsen 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 27
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFBABF9DAFAADF99F" author="Clark" box="[1079,1294,1538,1560]" page="34" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1962">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFBABF9DAFB4BF99F" author="Clark" box="[1079,1256,1538,1560]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Clark, A. M. (1962) Asteroidea. B. A. N. Z. Antarctic Research Expedition 1929 - 1931. BANZARE Reports, Ser. B, 9, 1 - 104." type="journal article" year="1962">A.M. Clark 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 34
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFA85F9DBFE80F9B0" author="Branch" page="46" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1993">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFA85F9DBFF5EF9B0" author="Branch" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Branch, M. L., Jangoux, M., Alva, V., Massin, C. & Stampanato, C. (1993) The Echinodermata of subantarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands. South African Journal of Antarctic Research, 23 (1 & 2), 37 - 70." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
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Branch
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955A872FFAF5F9DAFA3EF99F" box="[1385,1437,1538,1560]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">et al.</emphasis>
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1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 46
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 60;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFEC8F9FBFD89F9B0" author="Clark" box="[340,554,1569,1591]" page="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1993">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFEC8F9FBFDA7F9B0" author="Clark" box="[340,516,1569,1591]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2, Valvatida. Echinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366." type="journal article" year="1993">A.M. Clark 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 22
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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; Stampanato & Jangoux 1993: 178, 180;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFC50F9F8FB2BF9B0" author="O'Hara" box="[972,1160,1569,1591]" page="180" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1999">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFC50F9F8FBF6F9B0" author="O'Hara" box="[972,1109,1569,1591]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="O'Hara, T. (1999) Systematics and biology of Macquarie Island echinoderms. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 57 (2), 167 - 223." type="journal article" year="1999">O’Hara 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: 180
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFB0EF9F8FE93F9D1" author="Clark" page="165" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFB0EF9F8FF5EF9D1" author="Clark" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Clark, H. E. S. & McKnight, D. G. (2001) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand, Echinodermata, Asteroidea (sea - stars), Order Valvatida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 117, 1 - 270." type="journal article" year="2001">H.E.S. Clark & McKnight 2001</bibRefCitation>
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: 165
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFEA6F999FD21F9D1" author="Manjon-Cabeza" box="[314,642,1600,1622]" page="266" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="2001">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFEA6F999FDF3F9D1" author="Manjon-Cabeza" box="[314,592,1600,1622]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Manjon-Cabeza, M. E., Lirio, Y. & Ramos, A. (2001) Distribution of asteroid genera (Echinodermata) off South Shetland Islands and the Antarctic Peninsula. Boletin. Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, 17 (3 and 4), 263 - 270." type="journal article" year="2001">Manjon-Cabeza et al, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 266
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 267;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFD5CF999FBA3F9D1" author="Stampanato" box="[704,1024,1600,1622]" page="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFD5CF999FC44F9D1" author="Stampanato" box="[704,999,1600,1622]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Stampanato, S. & Jangoux, M. (2004) The asteroid fauna (Echinodermata) of Marion & Prince Edward Islands. Annals of the South African Museum, 112 (1), 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2004">Stampanato & Jangoux 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 4
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; Mutschke & Mah 2010: 815.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955A872FFF0BF9B9FC8AF9F3" blockId="12.[151,1437,1446,2021]" box="[151,809,1630,1653]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955A872FFF0BF9B9FC8AF9F3" box="[151,809,1630,1653]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955A872FFF0BF9B9FDE7F9F3" ID-CoL="4LVVB" authority="Smith 1876" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,580,1630,1653]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="antarctica" subSpecies="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955A872FFF0BF9B9FE67F9F2" box="[151,452,1632,1653]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Porania antarctica antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFE57F987FDE7F9F3" author="Smith" box="[459,580,1630,1652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Smith, E. A. (1876) Descriptions of species of Asteriidae and Ophiuridae from Kerguelen Island. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 4 (17), 105 - 113. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937608681912" type="journal article" year="1876">Smith 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFDD2F987FC86F9F3" author="McKnight" box="[590,805,1630,1652]" page="142" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1984">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFDD2F987FD51F9F3" author="McKnight" box="[590,754,1630,1652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="McKnight, D. G. (1984) Echinoderms from Macquarie Island and the Macquarie Ridge. NZOI Records, 4 (12), 139 - 147." type="journal article" year="1984">McKnight 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 142
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955A872FFF0BF9A7FB0FF914" blockId="12.[151,1437,1446,2021]" box="[151,1196,1661,1683]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955A872FFF0BF9A7FB0FF914" box="[151,1196,1661,1683]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955A872FFF0BF9A7FD86F914" ID-CoL="1be48029-f310-4da1-86ab-5057bd0946be" authority="Studer 1876: 459" authorityName="Studer" authorityPageNumber="459" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,549,1661,1683]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="magellanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955A872FFF0BF9A7FECEF914" box="[151,365,1661,1683]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Porania magellanica</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFEE8F9A4FD86F914" author="Studer" box="[372,549,1661,1683]" page="459" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1876">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFEE8F9A4FE52F914" author="Studer" box="[372,497,1661,1683]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Studer, T. (1876) Uber Echinodermen aus dem antarktischen Meere und zwei neue Seeigel von den Papua - Inseln gesammelt auf der Reise S. M. S. Corvette Gazelle um die Erde. Monatsbericht der Koniglich - Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1876, 425 - 465." type="journal article" year="1876">Studer 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 459
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFDB3F9A4FD41F914" author="Sladen" box="[559,738,1661,1683]" page="363" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1889">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFDB3F9A4FD12F914" author="Sladen" box="[559,689,1661,1683]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Asteroidea. Report of the Scientific Results of H. M. S. Challenger, 30, 1 - 893." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 363
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 59, fig 5;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFCF3F9A4FB8AF914" author="Barattini" box="[879,1065,1661,1683]" page="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1938">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFCF3F9A4FBA7F914" author="Barattini" box="[879,1028,1661,1683]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Barattini, L. P. (1938) Equinodermos Uruguaos (contribucion al conocimiento de las especies qui viven en nuestras agues). Boletin Servicio Oceanographica Pesca, Montevideo, 1938, 17 - 29." type="journal article" year="1938">Barattini 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 20
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–21, pl.2 (pt)
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955A872FFF0BF944FD86F935" blockId="12.[151,1437,1446,2021]" box="[151,549,1692,1714]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955A872FFF0BF944FD86F935" box="[151,549,1692,1714]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955A872FFF0BF944FD86F935" authority="Studer 1884: 42" authorityName="Studer" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="1884" box="[151,549,1692,1714]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="magelhaenica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955A872FFF0BF944FEDDF935" box="[151,382,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Porania magelhaenica</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFE18F945FD86F935" author="Studer" box="[388,549,1692,1714]" page="42" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1884">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFE18F945FDA1F935" author="Studer" box="[388,514,1692,1714]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Studer, T. (1884) Verzeichniss der wahrend der Reise S. M. S. Gazelle um die Erd 1874 - 76 gesammelten Asteriden und Euryaliden. Physikalische Abhandlungen Akademie der Wissenschaftlichen Berlin 1883, 1884, (3), 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1884">Studer 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 42
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955A872FFF0BF962FD2DF957" blockId="12.[151,1437,1446,2021]" box="[151,654,1722,1744]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955A872FFF0BF962FD2DF957" box="[151,654,1722,1744]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955A872FFF0BF962FE4FF957" ID-CoL="9b1f7b87-dcca-4263-afa8-71dbdabf4469" authority="Sladen 1889: 360" authorityName="Sladen" authorityPageNumber="360" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,492,1722,1744]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glaber">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955A872FFF0BF962FE91F957" box="[151,306,1722,1744]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Porania glaber</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFEA5F963FE4FF957" author="Sladen" box="[313,492,1722,1744]" page="360" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1889">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFEA5F963FE19F957" author="Sladen" box="[313,442,1722,1744]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Asteroidea. Report of the Scientific Results of H. M. S. Challenger, 30, 1 - 893." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 360
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 59, figs 1, 2
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955A872FFF0BF903FD2EF968" blockId="12.[151,1437,1446,2021]" box="[151,653,1753,1775]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955A872FFF0BF903FD2EF968" box="[151,653,1753,1775]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955A872FFF0BF903FDA4F968" ID-CoL="4LVVH" authority="Sladen 1889: 362" authorityName="Sladen" authorityPageNumber="362" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,519,1753,1775]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spiculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955A872FFF0BF903FEEEF968" box="[151,333,1753,1775]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Porania spiculata</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFECFF900FDA4F968" author="Sladen" box="[339,519,1753,1775]" page="362" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1889">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFECFF900FE77F968" author="Sladen" box="[339,468,1753,1775]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Asteroidea. Report of the Scientific Results of H. M. S. Challenger, 30, 1 - 893." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 362
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 59, fig. 4
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955A872FFF0BF920FE16F8CC" blockId="12.[151,1437,1446,2021]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955A872FFF0BF920FE16F8CC" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955A872FFF0BF920FE4CF889" ID-CoL="4LVVB" authority="Perrier 1891" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,495,1784,1806]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955A872FFF0BF920FEFEF889" box="[151,349,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Porania antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFEF5F921FE4CF889" author="Perrier" box="[361,495,1784,1806]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Perrier, E. (1891) Echinoderma I. Stellerides. Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn, 1882 - 83. 6. Zoologie, (3), 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1891">Perrier 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: K107–110;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFDE7F921FCEFF889" author="Leipoldt" box="[635,844,1784,1806]" page="588" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1895">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFDE7F921FCB7F889" author="Leipoldt" box="[635,788,1784,1806]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Leipoldt, F. (1895) Asteroidea der Vettor - Pisani Expedition (1882 - 1885). Anhang, Die von F. Orsini im Rothen Meere gesammelten Asteroideen. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 59, 545 - 654." type="journal article" year="1895">Leipoldt 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 588
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFCC7F921FBB4F889" author="Ludwig" box="[859,1047,1784,1806]" page="51" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1905">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFCC7F921FC4FF889" author="Ludwig" box="[859,1004,1784,1806]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Ludwig, H. (1905) Asterien und Ophiuren der schwedischen Expedition nach den Magalhaenslaendern 1895 - 1897. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 82, 39 - 79." type="journal article" year="1905">Ludwig 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 51
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 6, fig. 1;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFB25F921FAD5F889" author="Koehler" box="[1209,1398,1784,1806]" page="74" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1923">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFB25F921FAEEF889" author="Koehler" box="[1209,1357,1784,1806]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Koehler, R. (1923) Asteries et Ophiures recueillies par l'Expedition Antarctique Suedoise. Further Zoological Research, Swedish Antarctic Expedition, 1 (1), 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="1923">Koehler 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 74
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–75 (subantarctic);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFEC3F8CFFE51F8AB" author="Fisher" box="[351,498,1814,1836]" page="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1931">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFEC3F8CFFE79F8AB" author="Fisher" box="[351,474,1814,1836]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1931) Report on the South American sea stars collected by Waldo L. Schmitt. Proceedings of the US National Museum, 78, 1 - 10. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.78 - 2859.1" type="journal article" year="1931">Fisher 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 3
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; 1940: 154–155;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFD3EF8CFFCF1F8AB" author="Madsen" box="[674,850,1814,1836]" page="27" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1956">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFD3EF8CFFC8DF8AB" author="Madsen" box="[674,814,1814,1836]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1956) Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948 - 49. 24. Asteroidea with a survey of the Asteroidea of the Chilean Shelf. Acta Universitatis Lundensis, 52 (2), 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1956">Madsen 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 27
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–28;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFC18F8CFFBC7F8AB" author="Bernasconi" box="[900,1124,1814,1836]" page="264" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1964">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFC18F8CFFB91F8AB" author="Bernasconi" box="[900,1074,1814,1836]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Bernasconi, I. (1964) Asteroideos argentinos. Claves para los ordenes, familias, subfamilies y generos. Physis B. Aires, 24, 241 - 277. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0011 - 7471 (76) 91184 - 0" type="journal article" year="1964">Bernasconi 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 264
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; 1973: 314–315;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFA88F8CFFED1F8CC" author="Tommasi" page="89" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1976">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFA88F8CFFEECF8CC" author="Tommasi" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Tommasi, L. R. & Oliveira, E. de. (1976) Equinodermos do Brasil. 5. Sobre algumas especies coletados durante viagens do N / O. Prof. W. Besnard, Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidad de Sao Paulo, 25 (1), 77 - 100. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0373 - 55241976000100005" type="journal article" year="1976">Tommasi and Olivera 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 89
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(key).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955A872FFF0BF88DFDCFF8ED" blockId="12.[151,1437,1446,2021]" box="[151,620,1876,1898]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955A872FFF0BF88DFDCFF8ED" box="[151,620,1876,1898]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955A872FFF0BF88DFDCFF8ED" ID-CoL="5HGTQ" authority="A.H. Clark 1916: 122" authorityName="A.H. Clark" authorityPageNumber="122" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,620,1876,1898]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Glabraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="magellanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955A872FFF0BF88DFE2AF8ED" box="[151,393,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Glabraster magellanica</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFE0CF88DFDCFF8ED" author="Clark" box="[400,620,1876,1898]" page="122" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1916">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFE0CF88DFD9FF8ED" author="Clark" box="[400,572,1876,1898]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Clark, A. H. (1916) Seven new genera of echinoderms. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 6, 115 - 222." type="journal article" year="1916">A.H. Clark 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 122
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955A872FFF0BF8AAFC37F80F" blockId="12.[151,1437,1446,2021]" box="[151,916,1906,1928]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955A872FFF0BF8AAFC37F80F" box="[151,916,1906,1928]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955A872FFF0BF8AAFE4FF80F" ID-CoL="4LVV6" authority="Koehler 1917:43" authorityName="Koehler" authorityPageNumber="43" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,492,1906,1928]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955A872FFF0BF8AAFE9AF80F" box="[151,313,1907,1928]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Porania armata</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFEDCF8ABFE4FF80F" author="Koehler" box="[320,492,1906,1928]" page="43" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1917">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFEDCF8ABFE6DF80F" author="Koehler" box="[320,462,1906,1928]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Koehler, R. (1917) Echinodermes (Asteries, Ophiures et Echinides) recueillis par M. Rallier du Baty, aux Iles de Kerguelen, en 1913 - 14. Annales. Institut Oceanographique du Monacco, 7 (8), 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1917">Koehler 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:43
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 7, figs 3,4,7, 12;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFD5FF8ABFC37F80F" author="Doderlein" box="[707,916,1906,1928]" page="297" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1928">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFD5FF8ABFCC7F80F" author="Doderlein" box="[707,868,1906,1928]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Doderlein, L. (1928) Die Seesterne der Deutschen Sudpolar - Expedition, 1901 - 3. Deutsche Sudpolar - Expedition, 1901 - 3, XIX, 291 - 301. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11346" type="book chapter" year="1928">Döderlein 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 297
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955A872FFF0BF84BFAE8F820" blockId="12.[151,1437,1446,2021]" box="[151,1355,1937,1959]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955A872FFF0BF84BFAE8F820" box="[151,1355,1937,1959]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955A872FFF0BF84BFDF5F820" authority="Fisher 1940: 155" authorityName="Fisher" authorityPageNumber="155" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,598,1937,1959]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="antarctica" subSpecies="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955A872FFF0BF84BFE02F820" box="[151,417,1937,1959]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Porania antarctica glabra</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFE3BF848FDF5F820" author="Fisher" box="[423,598,1937,1959]" page="155" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1940">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFE3BF848FD87F820" author="Fisher" box="[423,548,1937,1959]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1940) Asteroidea. Discovery Reports, 20, 69 - 306." type="journal article" year="1940">Fisher 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 155
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFDFCF848FCBAF820" author="Madsen" box="[608,793,1937,1959]" page="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1955">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFDFCF848FD50F820" author="Madsen" box="[608,755,1937,1959]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1955) Echinoderms other than Holothurians collected in Sub - Antarctic and Antarctic seas, mainly by the Norvegia Expeditions 1928 - 30. Scientific Results of the Norwegian Antarctic Expeditions, 37, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1955">Madsen, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 14
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFCB8F848FBA5F820" author="Clark" box="[804,1030,1937,1959]" page="45" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1963">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFCB8F848FC42F820" author="Clark" box="[804,993,1937,1959]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Clark, H. E. S. (1963) The fauna of the Ross Sea. Part 3. Asteroidea. (New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 21) Bulletin of the New Zealand Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research, 151, 1 - 84." type="journal article" year="1963">H.E.S. Clark 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 45
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 5(5,6);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFBE0F848FAE5F820" author="McKnight" box="[1148,1350,1937,1959]" page="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1976">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFBE0F848FA83F820" author="McKnight" box="[1148,1312,1937,1959]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="McKnight, D. G. (1976) Asteroids from the Ross Sea and the Balleny Islands. NZOI Records, 3 (4), 21 - 31." type="journal article" year="1976">McKnight 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 25
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955A872FFF0BF868FD32F841" blockId="12.[151,1437,1446,2021]" box="[151,657,1968,1990]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955A872FFF0BF868FD32F841" box="[151,657,1968,1990]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955A872FFF0BF868FD32F841" authority="Madsen 1956: 28" authorityName="Madsen" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,657,1968,1990]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="antarctica" subSpecies="magellanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955A872FFF0BF868FE79F841" box="[151,474,1968,1990]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Porania antarctica magellanica</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFE7DF869FD32F841" author="Madsen" box="[481,657,1968,1990]" page="28" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1956">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFE7DF869FDCEF841" author="Madsen" box="[481,621,1968,1990]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1956) Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948 - 49. 24. Asteroidea with a survey of the Asteroidea of the Chilean Shelf. Acta Universitatis Lundensis, 52 (2), 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1956">Madsen 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 28
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955A872FFF0BF817FCD2F863" blockId="12.[151,1437,1446,2021]" box="[151,881,1998,2021]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955A872FFF0BF817FCD2F863" box="[151,881,1998,2021]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955A872FFF3EF809FC9DF863" ID-CoL="3Y56L" authority="Carrera-Rodriguez & Tommasi 1977: 102" authorityName="Carrera-Rodriguez & Tommasi" authorityPageNumber="102" authorityYear="1977" box="[162,830,1998,2021]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Marginaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pectinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955A872FFF3EF809FE2DF862" box="[162,398,2000,2021]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Marginaster pectinatus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955A872FFE08F817FC9DF863" author="Carrera-Rodriguez" box="[404,830,1998,2020]" page="102" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" year="1977">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955A872FFE08F817FCADF863" author="Carrera-Rodriguez" box="[404,782,1998,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" refString="Carrera-Rodriguez, C. J. & Tommasi, L. R. (1977) Asteroidea de la plataforma continental de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). Boletin. Instituto Oceanographica du Sao Paolo, 26 (1), 51 - 130, pls. 33. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0373 - 55241977000100004" type="journal article" year="1977">Carrera-Rodriguez & Tommasi 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 102
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–103
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955B872EFF0BFF40FCCEFF29" blockId="13.[151,1390,152,205]" box="[151,877,152,174]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955B872EFF0BFF40FCCEFF29" box="[151,877,152,174]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFF0BFF40FD0BFF29" authority="Tablado 1982: 96" authorityName="Tablado" authorityPageNumber="96" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,680,152,174]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="magellanica" subSpecies="magellanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFF0BFF40FE52FF29" box="[151,497,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Porania magellanica magellanica</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955B872EFE6BFF41FD0BFF29" author="Tablado" box="[503,680,152,174]" page="96" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" year="1982">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFE6BFF41FD27FF29" author="Tablado" box="[503,644,152,174]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Tablado, A. (1982) Asteroideos Argentinos. Familia Poraniidae. Comunicaciones del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales " Bernardino Rivadavia " e Instituto Nacional de Investigacion de las Ciencias Naturales (Argentina). Hidrobiologia, 2 (8), 86 - 106." type="journal article" year="1982">Tablado 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 96
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–100, pl.1, figs 1–3
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955B872EFF0BFF61FACDFF4B" blockId="13.[151,1390,152,205]" box="[151,1390,182,205]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955B872EFF0BFF61FACDFF4B" box="[151,1390,182,205]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFF0BFF61FD58FF4B" authority="A.M. Clark 1984" authorityName="A.M. Clark" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,763,182,205]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="antarctica" subGenus="Porania" subSpecies="magellanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFF0BFF61FDE6FF4B" box="[151,581,182,205]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Porania (Porania) antarctica magellanica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFDD7FF6EFD58FF4B" author="Clark" box="[587,763,182,204]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Clark, A. M. (1984) Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 4. Families Poraniidae and Asteropseidae. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 47 (1), 19 - 51." type="journal article" year="1984">A.M. Clark 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: fig. 1B;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955B872EFCC5FF6FFBD6FF4B" author="Clark" box="[857,1141,182,204]" page="208" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" year="1992">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFCC5FF6FFBE7FF4B" author="Clark" box="[857,1092,182,204]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 820 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 208
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–209, fig 34h, pl. 48F–H
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32CA7A1955B872EFF5BFF20FBA7FC1D" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955B872EFF5BFF20FB30FEF9" blockId="13.[151,1437,249,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFF5BFF20FE56FE95" bold="true" box="[199,501,249,274]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Comments on synonymy.</emphasis>
|
||
Traditional morphology-based criteria have identified the morphological variation (as subspecies) within this taxon throughout its range but none has found widespread acceptance or support. It is argued herein that the available subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFD03FE9BFD58FEDE" box="[671,763,322,345]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFD03FE9BFD58FEDE" box="[671,763,322,345]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Porania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFCDFFE98FC1DFEDD" box="[835,958,321,346]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Glabraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFCDFFE98FC1DFEDD" box="[835,958,321,346]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Glabraster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFC53FE9BFBE2FEDE" box="[975,1089,322,345]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFC53FE9BFBE2FEDE" box="[975,1089,322,345]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows no clear morphological delineation across its range and that available subspecies should be entered into synonymy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955B872EFF5BFE53FC80FDD1" blockId="13.[151,1437,249,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFF5BFE53FE4CFE25" box="[199,495,393,418]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="antarctica" subSpecies="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFF5BFE53FE4CFE25" box="[199,495,393,418]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Porania antarctica glabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was originally described from the Kerguelen and Ross Sea populations, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFF0BFE77FE5EFE41" box="[151,509,429,454]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="antarctica" subSpecies="magellanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFF0BFE77FE5EFE41" box="[151,509,429,454]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Porania antarctica magellanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was described from the Magellanic region, have been the most enduring of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA955B872EFF5CFE08FE8BFE6D" box="[192,296,465,490]" name="Antarctica" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
“
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFEA0FE0BFD82FE6E" box="[316,545,466,489]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFEA0FE0BFE03FE6E" box="[316,416,466,489]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Porania</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFE33FE0BFD82FE6E" box="[431,545,466,489]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">antarctica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
subspecies concepts. Scrutiny of original taxonomic concepts and examination of collections from NMNH, CAS and MNHN specimens throughout
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFC4FFE2FFBD4FD8A" box="[979,1143,502,525]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">P. antarctica’s</emphasis>
|
||
range (Ross Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA955B872EFAC4FE2CFA34FD89" box="[1368,1431,501,526]" name="Chile" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA955B872EFF0BFDC0FF5CFDB5" box="[151,255,537,562]" name="Antarctica" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
Peninsular region, Indian Ocean, etc.) suggests no clear taxonomic hypothesis or unambiguous morphological boundary for any of the known subspecies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955B872EFF5BFDB8FBA7FC1D" blockId="13.[151,1437,249,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFF5BFDB8FEC6FDFD" author="Sladen" box="[199,357,609,634]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Asteroidea. Report of the Scientific Results of H. M. S. Challenger, 30, 1 - 893." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
summarized early
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA955B872EFDA1FDB8FD06FDFD" box="[573,677,609,634]" name="Antarctica" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFD31FDBBFCAAFDFE" box="[685,777,610,633]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFD31FDBBFCAAFDFE" box="[685,777,610,633]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Porania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFC7DFDBBFBEBFDFD" box="[993,1096,609,634]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFC7DFDBBFBEBFDFD" box="[993,1096,609,634]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">P. glabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFBE3FDBBFA84FDFD" box="[1151,1319,609,634]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="magellanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFBE3FDBBFA84FDFD" box="[1151,1319,609,634]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">P. magellanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and noted that Studer’s (1876) description for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFDB3FD5FFD74FD19" box="[559,727,645,670]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="magellanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFDB3FD5FFD74FD19" box="[559,727,645,670]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">P. magellanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was “short and insufficient” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFBB7FD5CFB57FD19" author="Sladen" box="[1067,1268,645,670]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Asteroidea. Report of the Scientific Results of H. M. S. Challenger, 30, 1 - 893." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen 1889: 363</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and was only able to characterize the species as having two “marginal” spinelets per plate.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFB8BFD73FB6BFD45" box="[1047,1224,681,706]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFB8BFD73FB6BFD45" box="[1047,1224,681,706]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Porania glabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was characterized primarily by the absence of spines from its abactinal surface in addition to the lack of “marginal spines” from the “outer part” of the ray (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFE38FD28FDD3FC8D" author="Sladen" box="[420,624,753,778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Asteroidea. Report of the Scientific Results of H. M. S. Challenger, 30, 1 - 893." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen 1889: 361</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFD19FD28FC91FC8D" author="Koehler" box="[645,818,753,778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Koehler, R. (1917) Echinodermes (Asteries, Ophiures et Echinides) recueillis par M. Rallier du Baty, aux Iles de Kerguelen, en 1913 - 14. Annales. Institut Oceanographique du Monacco, 7 (8), 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1917">Koehler (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFC44FD28FB80FC8D" box="[984,1059,753,778]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFC44FD28FB80FC8D" box="[984,1059,753,778]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">glabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFBC0FD28FB45FC8D" box="[1116,1254,753,778]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="magellanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFBC0FD28FB45FC8D" box="[1116,1254,753,778]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">magellanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFABFFD2BFA36FC8E" box="[1315,1429,754,777]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFABFFD2BFA36FC8E" box="[1315,1429,754,777]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which met with disagreement by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFD88FCCCFD0DFCA9" author="Fisher" box="[532,686,789,814]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1940) Asteroidea. Discovery Reports, 20, 69 - 306." type="journal article" year="1940">Fisher (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who supported the retention of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFB82FCCCFBCAFCA9" box="[1054,1129,789,814]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFB82FCCCFBCAFCA9" box="[1054,1129,789,814]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">glabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFBE5FCCCFA86FCA9" author="Madsen" box="[1145,1317,789,814]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1956) Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948 - 49. 24. Asteroidea with a survey of the Asteroidea of the Chilean Shelf. Acta Universitatis Lundensis, 52 (2), 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1956">Madsen (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
supported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFF0BFCE0FE81FCD5" box="[151,290,825,850]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="magellanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFF0BFCE0FE81FCD5" box="[151,290,825,850]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">magellanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subspecies encompassing the Chilean population.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFC03FCE3FB27FCD5" author="Clark" box="[927,1156,825,850]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Clark, H. E. S. (1963) The fauna of the Ross Sea. Part 3. Asteroidea. (New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 21) Bulletin of the New Zealand Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research, 151, 1 - 84." type="journal article" year="1963">H.E.S. Clark (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also supported usage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFF0BFC84FF41FCF1" box="[151,226,861,886]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFF0BFC84FF41FCF1" box="[151,226,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">glabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, documenting size variation of material from the Ross Sea.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFC11FC84FB15FCF1" author="Clark" box="[909,1206,861,886]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 820 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark and Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
summarize some of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFF5CFC5BFEEDFC1E" box="[192,334,898,921]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFF5CFC5BFEEDFC1E" box="[192,334,898,921]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">P. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
concepts but ultimately follow Madsen’s (1956) conventions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32CA7A1955B872EFF5BFC7FFD6EF80D" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955B872EFF5BFC7FFE82FACD" blockId="13.[151,1437,249,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFF5BFC7FFE45FC39" box="[199,486,933,958]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="antarctica" subSpecies="magellanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFF5BFC7FFE45FC39" box="[199,486,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">P. antarctica magellanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was distinguished primarily on the presence of two spines per marginal plate and the “sparse” spination present on the abactinal surface in conjunction with the notion that a population of this species was associated with the “Magellanic” faunal province (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFC90FC34FC3DFB81" author="Sladen" box="[780,926,1005,1030]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Asteroidea. Report of the Scientific Results of H. M. S. Challenger, 30, 1 - 893." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFC36FC34FBEBFB81" author="Madsen" box="[938,1096,1005,1030]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1956) Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948 - 49. 24. Asteroidea with a survey of the Asteroidea of the Chilean Shelf. Acta Universitatis Lundensis, 52 (2), 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1956">Madsen 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Multiple spines on marginal plates occur on specimens from the Ross Sea (e.g., USNM 1081827, 1081947) and a larger sampling of specimens demonstrates a wide variation in abactinal spine density indicating poor morphological support for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFA90FBEFFE81FBF5" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="antarctica" subSpecies="magellanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFA90FBEFFE81FBF5" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">P. antarctica magellanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as distinct from “proper”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFDD5FB83FD74FBF6" ID-CoL="4LVVB" box="[585,727,1114,1137]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFDD5FB83FD74FBF6" box="[585,727,1114,1137]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">P. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, at least based on original concepts outlined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFB6BFB80FA3BFBF5" author="Sladen" box="[1271,1432,1113,1138]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Asteroidea. Report of the Scientific Results of H. M. S. Challenger, 30, 1 - 893." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The original notion of associating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFD80FBA7FC9EFB11" box="[540,829,1149,1174]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="antarctica" subSpecies="magellanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFD80FBA7FC9EFB11" box="[540,829,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">P. antarctica magellanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the Magellanic region is undermined by the fact that multiple specimens of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFE70FB7BFCAAFB3D" box="[492,777,1185,1210]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="antarctica" subSpecies="magellanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFE70FB7BFCAAFB3D" box="[492,777,1185,1210]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">P. antarctica magellanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like morphology have been collected from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA955B872EFB6CFB78FAE3FB3D" box="[1264,1344,1185,1210]" name="Bouvet Island" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Bouvet</collectingCountry>
|
||
/Marion
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA955B872EFF0BFB1CFF78FB59" box="[151,219,1221,1246]" name="Iceland" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the South Indian Ocean (MNHN–MD 24, st. 26, prelevement CM 42). O’Hara (1998) also observed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFA1BFB1FFEAAFA86" ID-CoL="4LVVB" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFA1BFB1FFEAAFA86" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">P. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA955B872EFED2FB30FDB2FA85" box="[334,529,1257,1282]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Macquarie Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
with prominent abactinal spination, which provides further evidence contrary to a separate “Magellanic” taxon.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFE6AFAD7FD73FAA1" box="[502,720,1293,1318]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Moore, J. M., Rouse, G. W. & Wilson, N. G. (2013) Does the Scotia Arc facilitate connectivity between South America and Antarctica? An example from the sea star Porania antarctica. Abstracts, Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, Jan 3 - 7. Available from: http, // www. sicb. org / meetings / 2013 / schedule / abstractdetails. php? id = 718 (accessed 17 June 2013)" type="book chapter">
|
||
Moore
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFDDBFAD7FDDCFAA1" box="[583,639,1293,1318]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided further insight into connectivity between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFA92FAD7FA3FFAA2" ID-CoL="4LVVB" box="[1294,1436,1294,1317]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFA92FAD7FA3FFAA2" box="[1294,1436,1294,1317]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">P. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955B872EFF5BFA8FFDC2FA31" blockId="13.[151,1437,249,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFF5BFA8FFE08FAE9" box="[199,427,1365,1390]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="antarctica" subSpecies="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFF5BFA8FFE08FAE9" box="[199,427,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">P. antarctica glabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was distinguished by the absence of abactinal spination and the absence of spines from distalmost marginal plates by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFE67FAA0FD03FA15" author="Sladen" box="[507,672,1401,1426]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Asteroidea. Report of the Scientific Results of H. M. S. Challenger, 30, 1 - 893." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFD2DFAA3FC39FA15" box="[689,922,1401,1426]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="antarctica" subSpecies="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFD2DFAA3FC39FA15" box="[689,922,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">P. antarctica glabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was considered a synonym by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFA8AFAA3FF47FA31" author="Clark" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Clark, A. M. (1962) Asteroidea. B. A. N. Z. Antarctic Research Expedition 1929 - 1931. BANZARE Reports, Ser. B, 9, 1 - 104." type="journal article" year="1962">A.M. Clark (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Her treatment is accepted herein.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955B872EFF5BFA1BFF7CF935" blockId="13.[151,1437,249,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
||
However, there is potential for undiscovered, possibly cryptic, diversity in this taxon.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFB29FA18FAF3FA5D" author="Bosch" box="[1205,1360,1473,1498]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Bosch, I. (1989) Contrasting modes of reproduction in two Antarctic asteroids of the genus Porania, with a description of unusual feeding and non - feeding larval types. Biological Bulletin, 177, 77 - 82. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1541836" type="journal article" year="1989">Bosch (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found markedly different modes of reproduction and development in two morphologically similar taxa of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFADCFA3FFE15F9A6" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFADCFA3FFA3FFA7A" ID-CoL="7PTRL" box="[1344,1436,1510,1533]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Porania</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFF33F9D0FE8CF9A5" ID-CoL="7P3NW" box="[175,303,1545,1570]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Glabraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Glabraster</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFED8F9D3FE15F9A6" ID-CoL="4LVVB" box="[324,438,1546,1569]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">antarctica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. These kinds of distinctions, in conjunction with COI data, have been the basis for identification of undescribed cryptic species in other cases (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFCEDF9F4FB17F9C1" author="Naughton" box="[881,1204,1581,1606]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Naughton, K. M. & O'Hara, T. D. (2009) A new brooding species of the biscuit star Tosia (Echinodermata, Asteroidea, Goniasteridae), distinguished by molecular, morphological and larval characters. Invertebrate Systematics, 23 (4), 348 - 366. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / is 08021" type="journal article" year="2009">Naughton and O’Hara, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and suggest cryptic species are present within this taxon. Other widely occurring high-latitude asteroid taxa, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFA82F988FF4BF909" ID-CoL="48NPG" class="Asteroidea" family="Odontasteridae" genus="Odontaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="validus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFA82F988FF4BF909" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Odontaster validus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have also shown previously unrecognized biodiversity (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFC20F9ACFB4CF909" author="Janosik" box="[956,1263,1653,1678]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Janosik, A. M. & Halanych, K. M. (2010) Unrecognized Antarctic Biodiversity, A Case Study of the Genus Odontaster (Odontasteridae; Asteroidea). Integrative and Comparative Biology, 50 (6), 981 - 992. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / icb / icq 119" type="journal article" year="2010">Janosik & Halanych 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955B872EFA9CF9ACFF70F935" author="Janosik" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Janosik, A. M., Mahon, A. R. & Halanych, K. M. (2011) Evolutionary history of Southern Ocean Odontaster sea star species (Odontasteridae; Asteroidea). Polar Biology, 34, 575 - 586. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 010 - 0916 - 7" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Janosik
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFAC3F9AFFA3FF909" box="[1375,1436,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955B872EFF5BF964FBF8F8C6" blockId="13.[151,1437,249,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFF5BF964FC7AF951" bold="true" box="[199,985,1725,1750]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Occurrence. Circum-Antarctic and adjacent high-latitude regions.</emphasis>
|
||
Falkland-Magellan area, north off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA955B872EFAC3F964FA3FF951" box="[1375,1436,1725,1750]" name="Chile" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
to about 30°S,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA955B872EFED0F93BFE0CF97D" box="[332,431,1762,1786]" name="Uruguay" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA955B872EFDBCF938FD2CF97D" box="[544,655,1761,1786]" name="Argentina" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
to 35°S,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA955B872EFC9BF938FC12F97D" box="[775,945,1761,1786]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Shag Rocks, South Sandwich, South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA955B872EFF0BF8DCFF5AF899" box="[151,249,1797,1822]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Shetland</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Clarence Islands, the Bellingshausen Sea and Enderby Land,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA955B872EFC62F8DFFBF1F89A" box="[1022,1106,1798,1821]" name="Bouvet Island" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Bouvet</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and Prince Edward Islands, Breid Bay, Kerguelen Islands, Terre Adelie to Ross Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA955B872EFC8EF8F0FC74F8C5" box="[786,983,1833,1858]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Macquarie Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF955B872EFC7FF8F3FBF4F8C6" box="[995,1111,1834,1858]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.465" metricValueMax="2.93" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" unit="m" value="1465.0" valueMax="2930.0" valueMin="0.0">0–2930 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955B872EFF5BF897FD6EF80D" blockId="13.[151,1437,249,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
||
O’Hara (1998: 180) provides a summary of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955B872EFD2AF897FCE6F8E2" ID-CoL="4LVVB" box="[694,837,1870,1893]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955B872EFD2AF897FCE6F8E2" box="[694,837,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">P. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
depth occurrence across its distribution. Bathymetric range apparently varies widely within this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF49A4A29558872DFF0BF885FDBBF849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252139/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="341" targetBox="[176,1407,218,1837]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A9558872DFF0BF885FDBBF849" blockId="14.[151,1437,1884,1998]" pageId="14" pageNumber="341">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94228389558872DFF0BF885FE55F8F5" bold="true" box="[151,502,1884,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="341">
|
||
FIGURE 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA99558872DFE84F885FE55F8F5" box="[280,502,1884,1906]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Glabraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="341" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94228389558872DFE84F885FE55F8F5" bold="true" box="[280,502,1884,1906]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="341">Glabraster antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
USNM 1081800 South Georgia Island, Scotia Sea (R=4.6).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94228389558872DFBC4F885FBD3F8F5" bold="true" box="[1112,1136,1884,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="341">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94228389558872DFAA8F885FAE8F8F5" bold="true" box="[1332,1355,1884,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="341">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Actinal surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94228389558872DFF6EF8A2FEA9F816" bold="true" box="[242,266,1915,1937]" pageId="14" pageNumber="341">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsolateral showing transverse abactinal plates and marginal plate series.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94228389558872DFBDDF8A2FBFAF816" bold="true" box="[1089,1113,1915,1937]" pageId="14" pageNumber="341">D.</emphasis>
|
||
USNM 1081968 Dorsolateral showing abactinal spines and marginal plate series (R=4.3).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94228389558872DFD66F840FCB2F828" bold="true" box="[762,785,1945,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="341">E.</emphasis>
|
||
USNM 1081798 McDonald Islands. Abactinal surface (R=5.6).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94228389558872DFF0BF861FF0BF849" bold="true" box="[151,168,1976,1998]" pageId="14" pageNumber="341">F.</emphasis>
|
||
USNM 1081827 Ross Sea (R=4.1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32CA7A195598733FF5BFF4EFBEDFEC7" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="343" pageId="15" pageNumber="342" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A9559872CFF5BFF4EFB07FE9A" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="342">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94228389559872CFF5BFF4EFEFAFF37" bold="true" box="[199,345,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="342">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Body weakly pentagonal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF9559872CFD1FFF4EFD67FF37" box="[643,708,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,218,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Glabraster antarctica USNM 1081800 South Georgia Island, Scotia Sea (R = 4.6). A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Dorsolateral showing transverse abactinal plates and marginal plate series. D. USNM 1081968 Dorsolateral showing abactinal spines and marginal plate series (R = 4.3). E. USNM 1081798 McDonald Islands. Abactinal surface (R = 5.6). F. USNM 1081827 Ross Sea (R = 4.1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252139/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="342">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
F) to strongly stellate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF9559872CFC5EFF4EFBA7FF37" box="[962,1028,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,218,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Glabraster antarctica USNM 1081800 South Georgia Island, Scotia Sea (R = 4.6). A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Dorsolateral showing transverse abactinal plates and marginal plate series. D. USNM 1081968 Dorsolateral showing abactinal spines and marginal plate series (R = 4.3). E. USNM 1081798 McDonald Islands. Abactinal surface (R = 5.6). F. USNM 1081827 Ross Sea (R = 4.1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252139/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="342">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
E). R/r= 1.51–2.85. Arms, triangular in shape, varying from well-developed and elongate, contiguous with body (e.g., USNM 1081798) to short and emerging abruptly from well-developed disk (e.g., USNM 1081827). Body generally tumescent. Prominent skin overlying abactinal, marginal and actinal surfaces. Plate outlines obscured in wet specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A9559872CFF5BFEFEFBA6FE72" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="342">
|
||
Abactinal plates forming widely-spaced, reticulate pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF9559872CFC1AFEFEFC6CFEC7" box="[902,975,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,218,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Glabraster antarctica USNM 1081800 South Georgia Island, Scotia Sea (R = 4.6). A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Dorsolateral showing transverse abactinal plates and marginal plate series. D. USNM 1081968 Dorsolateral showing abactinal spines and marginal plate series (R = 4.3). E. USNM 1081798 McDonald Islands. Abactinal surface (R = 5.6). F. USNM 1081827 Ross Sea (R = 4.1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252139/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="342">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C, D). Spines present or absent on abactinal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF9559872CFEC4FE95FE3FFEE2" box="[344,412,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,218,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Glabraster antarctica USNM 1081800 South Georgia Island, Scotia Sea (R = 4.6). A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Dorsolateral showing transverse abactinal plates and marginal plate series. D. USNM 1081968 Dorsolateral showing abactinal spines and marginal plate series (R = 4.3). E. USNM 1081798 McDonald Islands. Abactinal surface (R = 5.6). F. USNM 1081827 Ross Sea (R = 4.1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252139/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="342">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C,D). When present, spines are prominent and present individually on each plate. Spines, short with thorn-like or blunt tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF9559872CFDBFFEB6FDC4FE0F" box="[547,615,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,218,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Glabraster antarctica USNM 1081800 South Georgia Island, Scotia Sea (R = 4.6). A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Dorsolateral showing transverse abactinal plates and marginal plate series. D. USNM 1081968 Dorsolateral showing abactinal spines and marginal plate series (R = 4.3). E. USNM 1081798 McDonald Islands. Abactinal surface (R = 5.6). F. USNM 1081827 Ross Sea (R = 4.1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252139/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="342">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
D), tend to be most prominent on plates where confluences of bands are present but they are also present in several individuals on individual abactinal bands. Some individuals, such as USNM 1081798 fr.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA9559872CFEE0FE6EFDEDFE57" box="[380,590,439,464]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="15" pageNumber="342">McDonald Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, also possess numerous tiny (1.0 mm) spinelets, widely dispersed, present on all surfaces, including skeletal reticulation and intervening papular regions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A9559872CFF5BFE26FAC9FBDF" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="342">
|
||
Abactinal skeleton composed of a primary circlet with strongly developed, paired bars in each interradius emerging from/ articulated with each primary disk plate, extending to interradially located superomarginal plates (FigsA, F). A large convergence of abactinal/interradial plates present where the abactinal, interradial and superomarginal plates meet. Radial plates composed of a carinal series with adradial plates emerging from either side of the carinal series in seven to ten paired bands per arm. These adradial bands have, in turn, a series of secondary plates emerging from them, often varying from an ordered regular series demonstrating repeated open, paired spaces to an irregular, highly convoluted network. The reticulated network becomes more tightly knit and densely arranged more distally along the arm, forming an almost imbricate arrangement. Abactinal plates forming transverse bands emerging from the carinal series with direct correspondance to and articulation with the superomarginal plate series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF9559872CFE41FC9DFD82FCDA" box="[477,545,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,218,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Glabraster antarctica USNM 1081800 South Georgia Island, Scotia Sea (R = 4.6). A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Dorsolateral showing transverse abactinal plates and marginal plate series. D. USNM 1081968 Dorsolateral showing abactinal spines and marginal plate series (R = 4.3). E. USNM 1081798 McDonald Islands. Abactinal surface (R = 5.6). F. USNM 1081827 Ross Sea (R = 4.1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252139/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="342">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Numerous other secondary and tertiary abactinal plates present throughout the reticulated network with several transverse bands emerging from the paired interradial plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF9559872CFA91FCBEFAF0FC07" box="[1293,1363,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,218,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Glabraster antarctica USNM 1081800 South Georgia Island, Scotia Sea (R = 4.6). A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Dorsolateral showing transverse abactinal plates and marginal plate series. D. USNM 1081968 Dorsolateral showing abactinal spines and marginal plate series (R = 4.3). E. USNM 1081798 McDonald Islands. Abactinal surface (R = 5.6). F. USNM 1081827 Ross Sea (R = 4.1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252139/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="342">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C). Individual plate “bands” composed of elongate plates, overlapping one another at their ends. Each plate variably elongate, some short with length=width, others reach
|
||
<date id="FF88D2EA9559872CFC95FC76FCF3FC4F" box="[777,848,943,968]" pageId="15" pageNumber="342" value="2010-10-05">5–10x</date>
|
||
the width. Intervening skin-filled regions between reticulated abactinal skeleton with either bare skin, patches of papulae, two to 30, and/or irregularly shaped plates, small but round, one to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF9559872CFE30FC21FE4BFB97" box="[428,488,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="15" pageNumber="342" unit="in" value="30.0">30 in</quantity>
|
||
number. Extent of papulae to plate occurrence in these regions varies with size of individual, with smaller individuals with more clear skin patches and larger individuals with more papular/plate filled regions. Madreporite round with shallow, well-developed sulci, flanked by three to four abactinal plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A9559872CFF5BFBBDFA8FF9D7" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="342">
|
||
Marginal series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF9559872CFE15FBBDFE6EFBFA" box="[393,461,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,218,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Glabraster antarctica USNM 1081800 South Georgia Island, Scotia Sea (R = 4.6). A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Dorsolateral showing transverse abactinal plates and marginal plate series. D. USNM 1081968 Dorsolateral showing abactinal spines and marginal plate series (R = 4.3). E. USNM 1081798 McDonald Islands. Abactinal surface (R = 5.6). F. USNM 1081827 Ross Sea (R = 4.1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252139/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="342">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C) composed of of superomarginals, approximately 30–58 (armtip to armtip), 30–50 inferomarginals, (armtip to armtip) at R=0.8 to 7.3. Some individual superomarginal and inferomarginal plates are distinctly different in outline from the other plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF9559872CFD74FB75FC8EFB42" box="[744,813,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,218,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Glabraster antarctica USNM 1081800 South Georgia Island, Scotia Sea (R = 4.6). A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Dorsolateral showing transverse abactinal plates and marginal plate series. D. USNM 1081968 Dorsolateral showing abactinal spines and marginal plate series (R = 4.3). E. USNM 1081798 McDonald Islands. Abactinal surface (R = 5.6). F. USNM 1081827 Ross Sea (R = 4.1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252139/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="342">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D). Superomarginal plates imbricate, each flattened with rounded edges, varying from shield-like (distally) to polylobate (proximally). Spines absent from superomarginals, although tiny spinelets are present on some individuals. Interradial superomarginals with most strongly expressed lobes, appearing weakly cruciform. Each superomarginal corresponds directly to one of the adradial plates projecting from the carinal series. Superomarginals become more closely articulated and more strongly overlapping closer to the armtip. Inferomarginals smaller than superomarginals, flattened, varying in shape from oval to elongate and rod-like in shape. Inferomarginals offset from superomarginals, with contact often oriented at an oblique angle to the lower end of the superomarginal plate. Large, flattened, paddle-shaped, blunt spines, one or two present on each inferomarginal plate forming the prominent actinolateral fringe. The actinolateral fringe varies in expression across different individuals. Some display the actinolateral fringe as a simple projection around the edge, whereas in others the fringe is a well-developed shelf present interradially between the arms. Inferomarginals extending away from lateral edge of body to spiny actinolateral edge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A9559872CFF5BF985FC52F8CA" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="342">
|
||
Actinal plates similar in shape to inferomarginals, each plate elongate rod-like in shape forming two (at R=
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF9559872CFAE5F985FF18F91F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="342" unit="cm" value="0.8">0.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
) to six (at R=7.2) laterally arranged series per interradius, extending from furrow to furrow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF9559872CFB42F9A6FA80F91F" box="[1246,1315,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,218,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Glabraster antarctica USNM 1081800 South Georgia Island, Scotia Sea (R = 4.6). A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Dorsolateral showing transverse abactinal plates and marginal plate series. D. USNM 1081968 Dorsolateral showing abactinal spines and marginal plate series (R = 4.3). E. USNM 1081798 McDonald Islands. Abactinal surface (R = 5.6). F. USNM 1081827 Ross Sea (R = 4.1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252139/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="342">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Widest furrow with n=~25 plates from furrow to furrow, with proximalmost series adjacent to oral plates with n=2 to four plates. Smaller individuals (R=
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF9559872CFD86F911FDD5F967" box="[538,630,1736,1760]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="342" unit="cm" value="0.8">0.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
) with two to four irregular series between adambulacrals and inferomarginals. Actinal plates, skin covered, otherwise surficial accessories absent in most (i.e., no granules, no spinelets, etc.). Exceptionally, some individuals with tiny spinelets, two to six per plate. Surface bare. Linear channels continuous present between actinal and inferomarginal plate series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A95598733FF5BF88EFDDCFF7F" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,151,1904]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="343" pageId="15" pageNumber="342">
|
||
Adambulacrals “J” shaped in outline, with plate separation varying from direct articulation to skin-filled gap between plates. Furrow spine pointed, narrow, variably one or two, set within the furrow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF9559872CFB1BF8A5FB68F812" box="[1159,1227,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,218,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Glabraster antarctica USNM 1081800 South Georgia Island, Scotia Sea (R = 4.6). A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Dorsolateral showing transverse abactinal plates and marginal plate series. D. USNM 1081968 Dorsolateral showing abactinal spines and marginal plate series (R = 4.3). E. USNM 1081798 McDonald Islands. Abactinal surface (R = 5.6). F. USNM 1081827 Ross Sea (R = 4.1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252139/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="342">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Subambulacral spines, one or two, paddle shaped, larger than furrow spines (approximately twice as thick) with blunt tips. Subambulacral tips vary from more widely flattened to strongly cuved (u-shaped in cross section). Oral plates with four to five furrow spines with a single spine projecting into mouth (size at R=
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FB8DFF41FBC0FF37" box="[1041,1123,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="cm" value="0.8">0.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
). Oral plate surface without accessories but bearing one or two spines, these blunt, cylindrical. Large skin filled gap present between halves of 2-part oral plate present in each interradius.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A95468733FF5BFEDDFBEDFEC7" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">
|
||
Color in life varies from red, pink to orange to “bluish” or “purplish” white, yellow or grey. Actinal surface has been recorded as white, yellow to orange (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95468733FDEEFEF1FC8EFEC7" author="Clark" box="[626,813,295,320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" refString="Clark, H. E. S. (1963) The fauna of the Ross Sea. Part 3. Asteroidea. (New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 21) Bulletin of the New Zealand Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research, 151, 1 - 84." type="journal article" year="1963">H.L. Clark 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95468733FCA5FEFEFBE0FEC7" author="Mutschke" box="[825,1091,295,320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" refString="Mutschke, E. & Mah, C. (2009) Asteroidea - Starfish. In: Haussermann, V. & Forsterra, G. (Eds.), Marine Benthic Fauna of Chilean Patagonia. Nature in Focus, Santiago, Chile, 1000 pp." type="book" year="2009">Mutschke & Mah 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32CA7A195468733FF5BFE95FE21F8F7" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A95468733FF5BFE95FE21F8F7" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FF5BFE95FDD0FEE2" bold="true" box="[199,627,332,357]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Material examined. Ross Quadrant:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FDE6FE95FD68FEE3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[634,715,332,356]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1081811 west of Ross
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FC52FE95FBB6FEE2" box="[974,1045,332,357]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Victoria Land,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FB5BFE95FA86FEE2" box="[1223,1317,332,357]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-77.85">77°51’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FAACFE95FA3FFEE3" box="[1328,1436,332,356]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="177.55">177°33’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FF29FEB6FEB7FE0F" box="[181,276,367,392]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-77.88333">77°53’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FEBDFEB6FE2EFE0F" box="[289,397,367,392]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-177.88333">177°53’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FE06FEB6FDBFFE00" box="[410,540,367,392]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.695" metricValueMax="7.7" metricValueMin="7.69" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="769.5" valueMax="770.0" valueMin="769.0">769–770 m</quantity>
|
||
, Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FD3DFEB6FD57FE0F" box="[673,756,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FC9FFEA9FCFEFE0F" box="[771,861,368,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USARP</collectionCode>
|
||
(2 dry specs. R=5.5, r=3.8; R=4.8, r=3.2);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FAD7FEA9FA3FFE0F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1355,1436,368,392]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1081824, Victoria Land, Ross Sea.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FDBAFE4DFDDCFE2A" box="[550,639,404,429]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-73.98333">73º59’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FD1BFE4DFD53FE2A" box="[647,752,404,429]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="170.85">170º51’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FC89FE4DFCD3FE2A" box="[789,880,404,429]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-73.96667">73º58’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FCE1FE4DFC4CFE2A" box="[893,1007,404,429]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="170.96666">170º 58’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FC60FE4DFBDDFE2B" box="[1020,1150,404,429]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.985" metricValueMax="6.08" metricValueMin="5.89" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="598.5" valueMax="608.0" valueMin="589.0">
|
||
589–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D303FA395468733FBA8FE4DFBDDFE2B" box="[1076,1150,404,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" type="generic">608 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FB62FE4DFAF2FE2A" box="[1278,1361,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
(1 dry spec. R=4.7, r=3.1).
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FEE1FE61FE6DFE57" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[381,462,440,464]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1081825, Ross Sea.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FD24FE61FCBAFE57" box="[696,793,439,464]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-74.88333">74º 53’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FCBCFE6EFC31FE57" box="[800,914,439,464]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-175.16667">175º10’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FC2AFE6EFBB1FE57" box="[950,1042,439,464]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-74.86667">74º52’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FB81FE61FB33FE57" box="[1053,1168,440,464]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-174.7">174º42’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FB07FE6EFA9AFE48" box="[1179,1337,439,464]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1485" metricValueMax="2.154" metricValueMin="2.143" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="2148.5" valueMax="2154.0" valueMin="2143.0">2143–2154 m</quantity>
|
||
. Coll. R/ V
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FF2FFE05FEA5FE72" box="[179,262,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
(3 dry specs. R=5.5, r=3.5; R=2.3, r=1.5; R=1.8, r=1.0);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FC0CFE05FC42FE73" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[912,993,476,500]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1081827 Ross Sea
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FB5EFE05FABDFE73" box="[1218,1310,476,500]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-77.53333">77º32’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FAB7FE05FA3FFE73" box="[1323,1436,476,500]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="172.53334">172º 32’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FF0BFDD9FF50FD9F" box="[151,243,512,536]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-77.51667">77º31’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FF63FDD9FED1FD9F" box="[255,370,512,536]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="172.38333">172º 23’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FEE3FE26FDA1FD90" box="[383,514,511,536]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="4.82" metricValueMin="4.68" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="475.0" valueMax="482.0" valueMin="468.0">468–482 m</quantity>
|
||
, Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FD18FE26FD75FD9F" box="[644,726,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FD79FDD9FC9CFD9F" box="[741,831,512,536]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USARP</collectionCode>
|
||
(1 dry spec. R=4.1, r=3.1);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FBE3FDD9FB73FD9F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1151,1232,512,536]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1081950 Victoria Land, Ross Sea,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FECAFDFDFE06FDBA" box="[342,421,548,573]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-75.01667">75°1’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FE2FFDFDFD82FDBA" box="[435,545,548,573]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="168.38333">168°23’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FDD0FDFDFD0BFDBA" box="[588,680,548,573]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-75.03333">75°02’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FD52FDFDFCE3FDBA" box="[718,832,548,573]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="168.53334">168°32”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FCD0FDFDFC6DFDBB" box="[844,974,548,573]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.345" metricValueMax="3.35" metricValueMin="3.34" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="334.5" valueMax="335.0" valueMin="334.0">334–335 m</quantity>
|
||
, Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FBCEFDFDFB07FDBA" box="[1106,1188,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FB2FFDFDFAAEFDBB" box="[1203,1293,548,572]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USARP</collectionCode>
|
||
(1 dry spec. R=1.5, r=0.6);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FEA2FD91FE2CFDE7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[318,399,584,608]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1081965 North of Roosevelt
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FD46FD9EFC82FDE7" box="[730,801,583,608]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FCB0FD91FC28FDE7" box="[812,907,584,608]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-78.48333">78°29’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FC0AFD9EFBA8FDE7" box="[918,1035,583,608]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-165.65">165°39’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FBB2FD91FB2EFDE7" box="[1070,1165,584,608]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-78.46667">78°28”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FB08FD9EFAAFFDE7" box="[1172,1292,583,608]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-165.36667">165°22”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FA8BFD91FA34FDD8" box="[1303,1431,584,608]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.92" metricValueMax="4.93" metricValueMin="4.91" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="492.0" valueMax="493.0" valueMin="491.0">491–493 m</quantity>
|
||
, Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FE96FDB5FEFEFD02" box="[266,349,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FEF7FDB5FE66FD03" box="[363,453,620,644]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USARP</collectionCode>
|
||
(1 dry spec. R=3.1, r=1.8);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FD61FDB5FCEDFD03" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[765,846,620,644]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1081969 Center of Ross Sea,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FB3CFDB5FB5CFD02" box="[1184,1279,620,645]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-76.416664">76°25’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FA96FDB5FA23FD03" box="[1290,1408,620,644]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-170.4">170°24’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FF0BFD56FF50FD2F" box="[151,243,655,680]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-76.416664">76°25’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FF66FD49FECCFD2F" box="[250,367,656,680]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-170.53334">170°32’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FEE7FD56FE67FD20" box="[379,452,655,680]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.68" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="568.0">568 m</quantity>
|
||
, Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FDD8FD56FD35FD2F" box="[580,662,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FD38FD49FD5DFD2F" box="[676,766,656,680]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USARP</collectionCode>
|
||
(2 dry specs. R=4.0, r=2.4; R=0.8, r=0.4);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FB7EFD49FA90FD2F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1250,1331,656,680]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1081944 Victoria Land, Ross Sea,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FE5EFD6DFDE4FD4B" box="[450,583,692,717]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.525" metricValueMax="3.5799999999999996" metricValueMin="3.47" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="352.5" valueMax="358.0" valueMin="347.0">347–358 m</quantity>
|
||
, Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FD4DFD6DFC89FD4A" box="[721,810,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Eltanin,</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FCA9FD6DFC2CFD4B" box="[821,911,692,716]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USARP</collectionCode>
|
||
(1 dry spec. R=0.9, r=0.4);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FB42FD6DFA8CFD4B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1246,1327,692,716]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1081965 North of Roosevelt
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FEE7FD0EFE1CFD77" box="[379,447,727,752]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FE55FD01FD8BFD77" box="[457,552,728,752]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-78.48333">78°29’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FDA9FD0EFD09FD77" box="[565,682,727,752]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-165.65">165°39’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FD4BFD01FC95FD77" box="[727,822,728,752]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-78.46667">78°28’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FCDFFD0EFC1BFD77" box="[835,952,727,752]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-165.36667">165°22’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 491–493. Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FB2CFD0EFAB3FD77" box="[1200,1296,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Eltnanin</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FABDFD01FAD8FD77" box="[1313,1403,728,752]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USARP</collectionCode>
|
||
(1 dry spec. R=3.0, r=1.8).
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FE2FFD25FDC3FC92" bold="true" box="[435,608,764,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Indian Ocean:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FDF6FD25FD18FC93" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[618,699,764,788]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1081798
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FCB3FD25FBA1FC92" box="[815,1026,764,789]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">McDonald Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Indian Ocean.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FB24FD25FAB7FC92" box="[1208,1300,764,789]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-53.066666">53º04’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FABEFD25FADEFC92" box="[1314,1405,764,789]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="72.96667">72º58’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FF0BFCC6FF50FCBF" box="[151,243,799,824]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-53.1">53º06’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FE9CFCC6FEFCFCBF" box="[256,351,799,824]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="72.95">72º57’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FEF7FCF9FE4CFCB0" box="[363,495,800,824]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2199999999999998" metricValueMax="2.34" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="222.0" valueMax="234.0" valueMin="210.0">
|
||
210–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D303FA395468733FE3FFCF9FE4CFCB0" box="[419,495,800,824]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" type="generic">234 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FDEFFCC6FD65FCBF" box="[627,710,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
(4 dry specs. R=4.2, r=1.8; R=5.6, r=2.0; R=5.7, r=2.0; R=4.7, r=1.7).
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FF72FC9DFDCEFCDA" bold="true" box="[238,621,836,861]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Magellanic/Peninsular Regions.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FDE4FC9DFD6AFCDB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[632,713,836,860]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
E3770 Port Churruca, Strait of Magellan,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FB5EFC9DFAA1FCDA" box="[1218,1282,836,861]" name="Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
. (1 dry spec. R=2.6, r=1.9).
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FEA1FCB1FE2DFC07" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[317,398,872,896]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
E11507 Strait of Magellan, Brunswick Peninsula,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FC5BFCBEFBA7FC07" box="[967,1028,871,896]" name="Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FB96FCBEFBC0FC07" box="[1034,1123,871,896]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-53.516666">53º31’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FBF7FCB1FB6CFC07" box="[1131,1231,872,896]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-70.55">70º33’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FB46FCB1FA80FCF8" box="[1242,1315,872,896]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="270.0">270 m</quantity>
|
||
, Coll. R/V
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995468733FF0BFC54FF73FC23" box="[151,208,909,932]" class="Gastropoda" family="Heroidae" genus="Hero" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FF0BFC54FF73FC23" box="[151,208,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Hero</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FF7FFC55FE9EFC23" box="[227,317,908,932]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USARP</collectionCode>
|
||
(2 dry specs. R=2.2, r=1.0; R=4.6, r=3.0);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FCD5FC55FC39FC23" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[841,922,908,932]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
E38720 SE of Montevideo, Urugay, South Atlantic.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D303FA395468733FE9CFC69FEEDFC40" box="[256,334,944,968]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FE9CFC69FEEAFC40" box="[256,329,944,968]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="110.0">110 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
Coll. R/V Undine. (1 dry spec. R=4.6, r=3.6);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FCFDFC69FC11FC4F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[865,946,944,968]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
E38411 Shag Rocks,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FB30FC76FB51FC4F" box="[1196,1266,943,968]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Scotia</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FAADFC76FA2EFC4F" box="[1329,1421,943,968]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-53.533333">53°32’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FF0BFC0DFF5DFC6B" box="[151,254,980,1004]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-41.783333">41°47’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FEBEFC0DFE22FC6A" box="[290,385,980,1005]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-53.683334">53°41’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FE11FC0DFE50FC6B" box="[397,499,980,1004]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-42.116665">42°07’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FE63FC0DFD21FC6B" box="[511,642,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.33" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="149.0" valueMax="165.0" valueMin="133.0">
|
||
133–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D303FA395468733FDA4FC0DFD21FC6B" box="[568,642,980,1005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" type="generic">165 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Coll.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FD50FC0DFC85FC6B" box="[716,806,980,1004]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USARP</collectionCode>
|
||
(3 dry specs R=6.5, r=3.0; R=6.7, r=2.3; R=7.2, r=3.3);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FF0BFC21FF4BFB97" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,232,1016,1040]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber id="946569C995468733FF6DFC2EFEEBFB97" box="[241,328,1015,1040]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E47652" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" type="EnaNcbi">E47652</accessionNumber>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FECEFC2EFE54FB97" box="[338,503,1015,1040]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FD9CFC2EFDE4FB97" box="[512,583,1015,1040]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FDC9FC2EFD38FB97" box="[597,667,1015,1040]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Scotia</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea 53°47, 48”S
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FCF0FC2EFC54FB97" box="[876,1015,1015,1040]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="15" value="-37.43389">37°26’ 2”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FB99FC2EFB2AFB88" box="[1029,1161,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9949999999999999" metricValueMax="2.34" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="199.5" valueMax="234.0" valueMin="165.0">165–234 m</quantity>
|
||
, Coll. J. Dearborn, R/V Islas
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FF4FFBC5FE8CFBB2" box="[211,303,1052,1077]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Orcadas</collectingCountry>
|
||
(8 dry specs. R=4.6, r=2.8; R=3.9, r=2.0; R=3.5, r=2.2; R=2.2, r=1.9; R=4.0, r=2.2; R=3.2, r=2.0; R=4.7, r=3.1; R=3.2, r=2.2; R=2.4, r=1.3; R=1.4, r=0.8; R=1.3, r=0.6);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FC25FB99FBA9FBDF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[953,1034,1088,1112]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber id="946569C995468733FB8DFBE6FBCBFBDF" box="[1041,1128,1087,1112]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E53238" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" type="EnaNcbi">E53238</accessionNumber>
|
||
Larrouy
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FB4CFBE6FAB4FBDF" box="[1232,1303,1087,1112]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Grandidier Channel, Biscoe Islands
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FE33FBBDFD90FBFA" box="[431,563,1124,1149]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="15" value="-65.93667">65°56’12”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FDA0FBBDFD7FFBFB" box="[572,732,1124,1149]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="15" value="-65.278336">65° 16’ 42”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FD74FBBDFCEDFBFB" box="[744,846,1124,1149]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="52.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="35.0">35–70 m</quantity>
|
||
, coll. J. Dearborn, R/V
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995468733FBC2FBBCFB3AFBFB" box="[1118,1177,1125,1148]" class="Gastropoda" family="Heroidae" genus="Hero" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Hero</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FB39FBBDFAA3FBFB" box="[1189,1280,1124,1148]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USARP</collectionCode>
|
||
. (8 dry specs. R=4.2,r=2.4; R=3.9, r=2.2; R=3.6,r=1.9; R=3.5, r=1.4:R=4.6, r=2.1:R=3.3, r=2.4: R=2.5, r=1.7; R=1.8, r=0.9);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FF0BFB75FF4BFB43" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,232,1196,1220]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1018494 Deception
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FE4AFB75FDBEFB42" box="[470,541,1196,1221]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FDEFFB75FC8FFB42" box="[627,812,1196,1221]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Shetland Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FCA8FB75FC14FB42" box="[820,951,1196,1221]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="15" value="-62.973335">62º58’24”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FC23FB75FBEFFB42" box="[959,1100,1196,1221]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="15" value="-60.835">60º50’06”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FBC4FB75FB79FB43" box="[1112,1242,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2349999999999999" metricValueMax="1.3699999999999999" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="123.5" valueMax="137.0" valueMin="110.0">
|
||
110–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D303FA395468733FB0DFB75FB79FB43" box="[1169,1242,1196,1220]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" type="generic">137 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Coll. R/V
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995468733FAC0FB74FA37FB43" box="[1372,1428,1197,1220]" class="Gastropoda" family="Heroidae" genus="Hero" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FAC0FB74FA37FB43" box="[1372,1428,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Hero</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (2 dry specs. R=1.3, r=0.7; R=1.5, r=0.7);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FD10FB09FD7EFB6F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[652,733,1232,1256]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1081968 Puerto Basil Hall, Staten
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FBE2FB16FB66FB6F" box="[1150,1221,1231,1256]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Tierra del Fuego, South Atlantic. 54º45’27’S, 64º10’06’W. Coll. R/V
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995468733FD66FB2CFC90FA8B" box="[762,819,1269,1292]" class="Gastropoda" family="Heroidae" genus="Hero" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FD66FB2CFC90FA8B" box="[762,819,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Hero</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (1 dry spec. R=4.3, r=2.9);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FB0CFB2DFB42FA8B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1168,1249,1268,1292]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1081800
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FAC7FB2DFF52FAB7" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FF64FACEFE9CFAB7" box="[248,319,1303,1328]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FED7FACEFE32FAB7" box="[331,401,1303,1328]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Scotia</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FE52FACEFD8CFAB7" box="[462,559,1303,1328]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="53.85">53°51’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FDABFAC1FD3EFAB7" box="[567,669,1304,1328]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-37.633335">37°38’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FD5EFACEFC83FAB7" box="[706,800,1303,1328]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-53.866665">53°52’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FCB0FACEFC35FAB7" box="[812,918,1303,1328]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-37.6">37°36”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FC3EFAC1FBB6FAB7" box="[930,1045,1304,1328]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" metricValueMax="10.1" metricValueMin="9.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="96.0" valueMax="101.0" valueMin="91.0">91–101 m</quantity>
|
||
, Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FB0AFACEFB4BFAB7" box="[1174,1256,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FB6AFAC1FAF3FAB7" box="[1270,1360,1304,1328]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USARP</collectionCode>
|
||
(5 dry specs. R=4.6, r=2.4: R=3.3, r=1.8, R=3.6, r=1.8; R=2.4, r=1.3 approx. arms curved; R=2.1, r=1.0;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FB7EFAE5FA90FAD3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1250,1331,1340,1364]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1081802 Cape Froward, Strait of Magellan
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FD85FA86FDF5FAFF" box="[537,598,1375,1400]" name="Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FDC2FA86FD1AFAFF" box="[606,697,1375,1400]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-53.933334">53º56’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FD5AFA86FC89FAFF" box="[710,810,1375,1400]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-71.25">71º15’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FCD3FA86FC08FAFF" box="[847,939,1375,1400]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-53.916668">53º55’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FC2BFAB9FBBFFAFF" box="[951,1052,1376,1400]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-71.2">71º12’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FBB4FA86FB0AFAFF" box="[1064,1193,1375,1400]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.88" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.56" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="288.0" valueMax="320.0" valueMin="256.0">256–320 m</quantity>
|
||
, Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FAB7FA86FADDFAFF" box="[1323,1406,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
(8 dry specs. R=3.6, r=1.8; R=3.3, r=1.6; R=3.3, r=2.2; R=2.9, r=1.8; R=3.7, r=1.6; R=2.0, r=1.0; R=2.3, r=1.3; R=3.1, r=1.4-note arms/body contorted in many);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FD76FA71FC98FA47" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[746,827,1448,1472]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1081805 Cape Froward, Strait of Magellan,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FAC5FA7EFA3BFA47" box="[1369,1432,1447,1472]" name="Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FF0BFA15FEB8FA62" box="[151,283,1484,1509]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="15" value="-53.65667">53º39’24”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FEBBFA15FE17FA62" box="[295,436,1484,1509]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="15" value="-70.916664">70º55’00”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FE5CFA15FE5FFA63" box="[448,508,1484,1508]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="82.0">82 m</quantity>
|
||
, coll. R/V
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995468733FDEBFA14FD0CFA63" box="[631,687,1485,1508]" class="Gastropoda" family="Heroidae" genus="Hero" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FDEBFA14FD0CFA63" box="[631,687,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Hero</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FD22FA15FCBBFA63" box="[702,792,1484,1508]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USARP</collectionCode>
|
||
(10 dry specs. R=3.3, r=2.0; R=2.5, r=1.4; R=2.2, r=1.3; R=2.5, r=1.3; R=2.6, r=1.6; R=2.0, r=1.0; R=3.8, r=2.0; R=2.3, r=1.4; R=2.6, r=1.5; R=2.6, r=1.5; R=1.7, r=0.9).
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FF0BF9CDFF4BF9AB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,232,1556,1580]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1081818 Inutil Bay, Strait of Magellan,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FD35F9CDFD4AF9AA" box="[681,745,1556,1581]" name="Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FD6FF9CDFCD4F9AA" box="[755,887,1556,1581]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="15" value="-53.42167">53º25’18”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FC1EF9CDFBB3F9AA" box="[898,1040,1556,1581]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="15" value="-69.76667">69º46’00”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FB86F9CDFBDDF9AB" box="[1050,1150,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="32.0" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="27.0">27–37 m</quantity>
|
||
, Coll. R/V
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995468733FB60F9CCFA97F9AB" box="[1276,1332,1557,1580]" class="Gastropoda" family="Heroidae" genus="Hero" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FB60F9CCFA97F9AB" box="[1276,1332,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Hero</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FADDF9CDFA3FF9AB" box="[1345,1436,1556,1580]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USARP</collectionCode>
|
||
(3 dry specs. R=4.3, r=2.5; R=4.4, r=2.6; R=3.3, r=1.7).
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FCA2F9E1FC2CF9D7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[830,911,1592,1616]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1081822 Strait of Magellan,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FB6FF9EEFA91F9D7" box="[1267,1330,1591,1616]" name="Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FADEF9EEFA3FF9D7" box="[1346,1436,1591,1616]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-53.5">53º30’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FF0BF985FF58F9F2" box="[151,251,1628,1653]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-69.8">69º48’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FE9BF985FECFF9F3" box="[263,364,1628,1653]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="24.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="22.0">22–26 m</quantity>
|
||
, Coll. R/V
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995468733FE70F984FD86F9F3" box="[492,549,1629,1652]" class="Gastropoda" family="Heroidae" genus="Hero" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FE70F984FD86F9F3" box="[492,549,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Hero</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FDAEF985FD2FF9F3" box="[562,652,1628,1652]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USARP</collectionCode>
|
||
(6 dry specs. R=4.1, r=2.7; R=2.7, r=1.7; R=3.9, r=2.0; R=2.9, r=1.8; R=2.6, r=1.3; R=1.2, r=0.6).
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FE4DF9A6FD85F91F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[465,550,1663,1688]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1082737 Inutil Bay, Strait of Magellan, 53º24’30’S,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FBE4F9A6FAA6F91F" box="[1144,1285,1663,1688]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="15" value="-69.64166">69º38’30”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FA8CF959FAFAF91F" box="[1296,1369,1664,1688]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7–9 m</quantity>
|
||
, Coll. R/V
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995468733FF4CF97CFEABF93B" box="[208,264,1701,1724]" class="Gastropoda" family="Heroidae" genus="Hero" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FF4CF97CFEABF93B" box="[208,264,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Hero</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (6 dry specs. R=5.1, r=3.0; R=5.0, r=3.0; R=4.3, r=2.3; R=4.4, r=2.5; R=4.0, r=2.8; R=3.7, r=2.5).
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FF0BF911FF4BF967" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,232,1736,1760]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1082910 Clarence
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95468733FE5FF91EFDA9F967" box="[451,522,1735,1760]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Strait of Magellan,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FD73F91EFCE8F967" box="[751,843,1735,1760]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-53.85">53º51’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FCCAF91EFC19F967" box="[854,954,1735,1760]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-71.6">71º36’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FC43F91EFB99F967" box="[991,1082,1735,1760]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-53.833332">53º50’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FBDAF911FB08F967" box="[1094,1195,1736,1760]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-71.683334">71º41’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FB2AF91EFA9BF967" box="[1206,1336,1735,1760]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.625" metricValueMax="2.69" metricValueMin="2.56" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="262.5" valueMax="269.0" valueMin="256.0">256–269 m</quantity>
|
||
, Coll. R/ V
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895468733FF29F935FEABF882" box="[181,264,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FE84F935FED1F883" box="[280,370,1772,1796]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USARP</collectionCode>
|
||
(6 dry specs. R=2.9, r=1.6; R=3.3, r=1.4; R=3.2, r=1.8; R=2.8, r=1.3; R=3.1, r=1.6; R=2.9, r=1.5).
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FF77F8C9FE9FF8AF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[235,316,1808,1832]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1119614. South Atlantic,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FDFAF8D6FD1CF8AF" box="[614,703,1807,1832]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-61.2">61º12’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED95468733FD5BF8D6FC97F8AF" box="[711,820,1807,1832]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" precision="925" value="-54.716667">54º 43’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D303FA395468733FCDCF8C9FC2CF8AF" box="[832,911,1808,1832]" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FCDCF8C9FC28F8AF" box="[832,907,1808,1832]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="240.0">240 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
Coll. Moss Landing Marine Labs (1 dry spec. R=2.3, r=1.2);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF95468733FEDCF8EDFE32F8CB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[320,401,1844,1868]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="343">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1136790 N. Lemaire Channel,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE59CF95468733FD6AF8EDFCDBF8CB" box="[758,888,1844,1868]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="220.0" valueMax="240.0" valueMin="200.0">200–240 m</quantity>
|
||
, Coll. University of Maine. (2 dry specs. R=1.2, r=0.5; R=0.7, r=0.3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |