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<document id="7C761131195FEDEC83F704CECCD6971A" ID-DOI="10.1093/isd/ixaa003" ID-ISSN="2399-3421" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630298270055" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Buffington, Matthew L., Forshage, Mattias, Liljeblad, Johan, Tang, Chang-Ti &amp; Noort, Simon van" docDate="2020" docId="039F00036C45FF8BFF6CC881FB43F85B" docLanguage="en" docName="ixaa003.pdf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (4), No. 1" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa003" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74.8:InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74" docStyleName="InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Eschatocerini Ashmead 1903" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="FFA6787B6C6EFFA0FFFECE02FF8DFFCE" masterDocTitle="World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher- Level Groups" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1699219653636" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="0765CB37195C8E00F9F841505CBC86EB">World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher- Level Groups</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="10C9262752D3C561833DC9B6251501F7">Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6743294C5BF3634EC75B7A5BB9EF00A5">Systematic EntomologyLaboratory, ARS-USDAc / oNational Museumof NaturalHistory, SmithsonianInstitution, 10 th &amp; Constitution Ave NW, Washington, DC 20013, USA,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="545998C4B50B9636E5947CBDDDEDA355">Forshage, Mattias</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D016211817A6A3CDB079250BCE7FE8C7">Department of Zoology, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Box 50007, SE- 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0F3F3AC02713DD94165182B58097CF8A">Liljeblad, Johan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="71516EF5C00846E0462363FD931E8886">Swedish Species Information Centre, PO Box 7007, SE- 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AA27E90A0A19EE9A360699BD3F3C1ABF">Tang, Chang-Ti</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0BA28DA6A9429A2630135E934BE7CD3D">Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, SEH, Suite 6300, 800 22 nd Street, NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7C054206CA5F1FF5043A148EEDB9A765">Noort, Simon van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="05E1BB1E79F2D2231C619F4170C00DC8">Insect Systematics and Diversity</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C36CA966C45FF8BFF6CC881FEA4F954" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1903" box="[146,297,1667,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Eschatocerini">Eschatocerini</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8B89B1156C45FF8BFF6CC8A7FE98F977" blockId="43.[146,770,1701,1838]" box="[146,277,1701,1721]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs. 211213</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89B1156C45FF8BFF6CC8C0FE47F8E0" blockId="43.[146,770,1701,1838]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
This monotypic tribe may feel unsatisfactory for taxonomy, but its erection is based on phylogeny (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7CCE46C45FF8BFE45C8E2FDF5F93A" author="Ronquist, F. &amp; J-L. Nieves-Aldrey &amp; M. L. Buffington &amp; Z. Liu &amp; J. Liljeblad &amp; J. A. A. Nylander" box="[443,632,1760,1780]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="0123301" refId="ref27831" refString="Ronquist, F., J-L. Nieves-Aldrey, M. L. Buffington, Z. Liu, J. Liljeblad, and J. A. A. Nylander. 2015. Phylogeny, evolution and classification of gall wasps: the plot thickens. PLoS One 10: e 0123301." type="journal article" year="2015">Ronquist et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
). This unusual group can be readily collected when host plants are located; otherwise, the taxon is rarely collected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89B1156C45FF8BFF6CC94AFE2CF8B7" blockId="43.[146,771,1864,1913]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Biology. Species are gall inducers on
<taxonomicName id="4C36CA966C45FF8BFE15C94BFDE5F892" box="[491,616,1865,1884]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prosopis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9426D076C45FF8BFE15C94BFDB7F895" box="[491,570,1865,1883]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Prosopis</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C36CA966C45FF8BFD66C94AFF79F8B7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9426D076C45FF8BFD66C94AFD5BF892" box="[664,726,1864,1884]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Acacia</emphasis>
spp. (Fabaceae)
</taxonomicName>
in South America.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89B1156C45FF8BFCCCC886FB40F956" blockId="43.[818,1229,1668,1688]" box="[818,1229,1668,1688]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Distribution. Arid regions of the Neotropics.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89B1156C45FF8BFCCCC8B5FAD1F8CB" blockId="43.[818,1442,1719,1797]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Relevant literature.Nieves-Aldrey and San Blas (2015) revised the tribe and described the biology in depth;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7CCE46C45FF8BFB83C8D6FA92F926" author="Ronquist, F." box="[1149,1311,1748,1768]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="309 - 335" refId="ref27700" refString="Ronquist, F. 1995 b. Phylogeny and early evolution of the Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera). Syst, Entomol. 20: 309 - 335." type="journal article" year="1995">Ronquist (1995b)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7CCE46C45FF8BFAB1C8D6FC12F8CB" author="Ronquist, F. &amp; J-L. Nieves-Aldrey &amp; M. L. Buffington &amp; Z. Liu &amp; J. Liljeblad &amp; J. A. A. Nylander" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="0123301" refId="ref27831" refString="Ronquist, F., J-L. Nieves-Aldrey, M. L. Buffington, Z. Liu, J. Liljeblad, and J. A. A. Nylander. 2015. Phylogeny, evolution and classification of gall wasps: the plot thickens. PLoS One 10: e 0123301." type="journal article" year="2015">Ronquist et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
studied the phylogenetic placement of the group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89B1156C45FF8BFCCCC923FC39F8FB" blockId="43.[818,948,1825,1845]" box="[818,948,1825,1845]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Classification.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89B1156C45FF8BFCAAC953FBE9F8AB" blockId="43.[852,1124,1873,1893]" box="[852,1124,1873,1893]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="4C36CA966C45FF8BFCAAC953FBE9F8AB" authority="Ashmead, 1903" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1903" box="[852,1124,1873,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Eschatocerini">Eschatocerini Ashmead, 1903</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89B1156C45FF8BFC9CC983FB43F85B" blockId="43.[866,1230,1921,1941]" box="[866,1230,1921,1941]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="4C36CA966C45FF8BFC9CC983FBC3F85B" authority="Mayr, 1881" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[866,1102,1921,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Eschatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9426D076C45FF8BFC9CC983FC56F85B" box="[866,987,1921,1941]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Eschatocerus</emphasis>
Mayr, 1881
</taxonomicName>
; 3 species NT
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