359 lines
39 KiB
XML
359 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="8F7AE2EB5B8CC60201E3A61527881243" ID-CLB-Dataset="57470" ID-DOI="10.14411/fp.2018.017" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3ff5f6c5-6779-4d39-9347-1f56de3d30cd" ID-ISSN="1803-6465" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8143602" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1689253141851" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kalúz, Stanislav, Literák, Ivan & Kolenčík, Stanislav" docDate="2018" docId="039887D3FF8AFFFCFCF7FDD0FDDEFC05" docLanguage="en" docName="FoliaParasit.65.017.pdf" docOrigin="Folia Parasitologica (017) 65" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/fp.2018.017" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7565043637801AC5878175AE945D3331.1:FoliaParasit.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="7565043637801AC5878175AE945D3331" docStyleName="FoliaParasit.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Eutrombicula lipovskyana" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="FFA1FFABFF8BFFFEFFDAFFCFFFDAFF92" masterDocTitle="The chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae) on wild birds in Honduras" masterLastPageNumber="4" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1690209342325" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="72FBFD6AD481A7CD29718A91D2B5B054">The chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae) on wild birds in Honduras</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="351CF49A41B412A92DCD92D3F88F32F9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="25AE5A126D8E373FAAC84224F48A4099">Kalúz, Stanislav</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="44FD1201D2076879A695A9D8C15BDAF2">Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="17E99F230E35CEE799BF98DCC2F9A214">Literák, Ivan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="42B5D795E710477626B35788173D8E06">Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="60B2CB5A1A0F6231763DBB7403BC62E9">Kolenčík, Stanislav</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6F84F3285ED0536D46119AFA704903AC">Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D20C56B4D220180AAF9920E0EC72457D">Folia Parasitologica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="27567984A9598F23EFE686EE70753CA7">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="C9253C88AFA462EA7E4FF15A2FC803AC">017</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="742D5817AF2F06A6C16D3354150B4252">65</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039887D3FF8AFFFCFCF7FDD0FDDEFC05" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8178704" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8178704" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887D3FF8AFFFCFCF7FDD0FDDEFC05" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887D3FF8AFFFCFCF7FDD0FDDEFC05" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C32B654EFF8AFFFFFCF7FDD0FAE0FDA5" box="[813,1338,543,567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8E36C5FF8AFFFFFCF7FDD0FAE0FDA5" blockId="1.[813,1338,543,567]" box="[813,1338,543,567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="D0C681A9FF8AFFFFFCF7FDD0FAE0FDA5" box="[813,1338,543,567]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF8AFFFFFCF7FDD0FAE0FDA5" ID-CoL="8ZKQP" authority="(Wolfenbarger, 1952)" baseAuthorityName="Wolfenbarger" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[813,1338,543,567]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Eutrombicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipovskyana">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF8AFFFFFCF7FDD0FB94FDA5" bold="true" box="[813,1102,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Eutrombicula lipovskyana</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B34FF8AFFFFFB86FDD0FAE9FDA5" author="WOLFENBARGER K. A." box="[1116,1331,543,567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="645 - 677" refId="ref4538" refString="WOLFENBARGER K. A. 1952. Systematic and biological studies on North American chiggers of the genus Trombicula subgenus Eutrombicula (Acarina, Trombiculidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 45: 645 - 677." type="journal article" year="1952">Wolfenbarger, 1952</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32B654EFF8AFFFFFCF7FD81FBFAFD4B" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8E36C5FF8AFFFFFCF7FD81FBFAFD4B" blockId="1.[813,1438,589,1847]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d (p r e v a l e n c e):
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<specimenCount id="9D37FD4CFF8AFFFFFAC6FD82FA4EFDF1" box="[1308,1428,589,611]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="larva">three larvae</specimenCount>
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, from
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF8AFFFFFC52FDA4FBCBFD13" box="[904,1041,619,641]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF8AFFFFFBF8FDA4FB55FD13" box="[1058,1167,619,641]" class="Aves" family="Vireonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Vireonidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF8AFFFFFB7AFDA4FCB2FD0C" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" class="Aves" family="Vireonidae" genus="Vireo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF8AFFFFFB7AFDA4FAE6FD12" box="[1184,1340,619,640]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Vireo olivaceus</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus)
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</taxonomicName>
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(U: 1/12),
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF8AFFFFFC00FD47FBE2FD0C" box="[986,1080,648,670]" class="Aves" family="Parulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Parulidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF8AFFFFFB9EFD46FAAEFD0C" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[1092,1396,648,670]" class="Aves" family="Parulidae" genus="Seiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurocapilla">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF8AFFFFFB9EFD46FAD9FD0F" box="[1092,1283,648,670]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Seiurus aurocapilla</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus)
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</taxonomicName>
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(U: 1/10),
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF8AFFFFFC50FD6AFB78FD29" authority="(Wilson)" baseAuthorityName="Wilson" box="[906,1186,677,699]" class="Aves" family="Parulidae" genus="Geothlypis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosa">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF8AFFFFFC50FD6AFB9DFD29" box="[906,1095,677,699]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Geothlypis formosa</emphasis>
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(Wilson)
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</taxonomicName>
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(L: 1/2). Each parasitised bird carried
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<specimenCount id="9D37FD4CFF8AFFFFFC1BFD0CFBC6FD4B" box="[961,1052,707,729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="larva">one larva</specimenCount>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32B654EFF8AFFFCFCF7FD2BFDDEFC05" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B8E36C5FF8AFFFFFCF7FD2BFBF0F8A5" blockId="1.[813,1438,589,1847]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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R e m a r k s: This chigger is known to occur in midwestern and southern
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<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF8AFFFFFC73FCCEFC02FC84" box="[937,984,769,790]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">USA</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="49F5F827FF8AFFFFFC30FCCEFBE9FC84" box="[1002,1075,769,790]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Kansas</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49F5F827FF8AFFFFFB98FCCEFB73FC85" box="[1090,1193,769,791]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49F5F827FF8AFFFFFB6CFCCDFAC1FC85" box="[1206,1307,770,791]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49F5F827FF8AFFFFFAF0FCCEFA40FC85" box="[1322,1434,769,791]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49F5F827FF8AFFFFFC91FCD0FC70FCA7" box="[843,938,799,821]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion id="49F5F827FF8AFFFFFC05FCD0FBE0FCA7" box="[991,1082,799,821]" country="United States of America" name="Arkansas" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Arkansas</collectingRegion>
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) and to parasitise amphibians (two species in two genera), turtles (one species), lizards (two families with two species in two genera), snakes (two families with two species in two genera), birds (two orders, Ralliformes with one species and
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF8AFFFFFBADFC5BFB24FC38" box="[1143,1278,916,938]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
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with 20 species in 19 genera;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B34FF8AFFFFFC0EFC7EFB4AFC55" author="WOLFENBARGER K. A." box="[980,1168,945,967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="645 - 677" refId="ref4538" refString="WOLFENBARGER K. A. 1952. Systematic and biological studies on North American chiggers of the genus Trombicula subgenus Eutrombicula (Acarina, Trombiculidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 45: 645 - 677." type="journal article" year="1952">Wolfenbarger 1952</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B34FF8AFFFFFB41FC7EFA8CFC55" author="WALTERS B. L. & WHITAKER J. O. JR. & GIKAS N. S. & WRENN W. J." box="[1179,1366,945,967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref4472" refString="WALTERS B. L., WHITAKER J. O. JR., GIKAS N. S., WRENN W. J. 2011: Host and Distribution Lists of Chiggers (Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae), of North American Wild Vertebrates North of Mexico. Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. Paper 697: 183 pp." type="book" year="2011">Walters et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). It has also been recorded from
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<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF8AFFFFFB99FC00FB55FC76" box="[1091,1167,975,996]" name="Panama" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Panama</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF8AFFFFFB18FC00FB2FFC77" box="[1218,1269,975,997]" name="Cuba" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cuba</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B34FF8AFFFFFAD9FC00FC3AFB90" author="DANIEL M. & STEKOlNIKOV, A. A." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="359 - 366" refId="ref3543" refString="DANIEL M., STEKOlNIKOV, A. A. 2004: Chigger mites of the genus Eutrombicula Ewing, 1938 (Acari: Trombiculidae) from Cuba with description of three new species. Folia Parasitol. 51: 359 - 366." type="journal article" year="2004">Daniel and StekoĽnikov 2004</bibRefCitation>
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). We report
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF8AFFFFFB84FC22FB35FB93" baseAuthorityName="Wolfenbarger" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[1118,1263,1004,1026]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Eutrombicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipovskyana">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF8AFFFFFB84FC22FB35FB93" box="[1118,1263,1004,1026]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E. lipovskyana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for the first time from
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<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF8AFFFFFC59FBC6FC3AFB8D" box="[899,992,1033,1055]" name="Honduras" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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and also from the three species on which it was found. All the host species breed in North America and winter in Central America and South America. In September, when we examined birds in
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<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF8AFFFFFB8DFBAEFB6DFBE5" box="[1111,1207,1121,1143]" name="Honduras" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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, these host species were in their post-breeding migration and beginning to appear in their wintering grounds (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B34FF8AFFFFFB98FB53FAEBFB20" author="HOWELL S. N. G. & WEBB S." box="[1090,1329,1180,1202]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3893" refString="HOWELL S. N. G., WEBB S. 1995: A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 851 pp." type="book" year="1995">Howell and Webb 1995</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B34FF8AFFFFFAE4FB53FC04FB5D" author="GARRIGUES R. & DEAN R." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3783" refString="GARRIGUES R., DEAN R. 2007. Birds of Costa Rica. Christopher Helm Publishers Ltd., London, 387 pp." type="book" year="2007">Garrigues and Dean 2007</bibRefCitation>
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). We suppose that migrating birds substantially contribute to the distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF8AFFFFFBA4FB18FAD6FB7E" baseAuthorityName="Wolfenbarger" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[1150,1292,1239,1260]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Eutrombicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipovskyana">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF8AFFFFFBA4FB18FAD6FB7E" box="[1150,1292,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E. lipovskyana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the territory of its occurrence.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B34FF8AFFFFFC21FB3BFAD3FA98" author="BRENNAN J. M. & YUNKER C. E." box="[1019,1289,1268,1290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3135" refString="BRENNAN J. M., YUNKER C. E. 1966: The chiggers of Panama (Acarina: Trombiculidae). In: R. L. Wenzel and V. J. Tipton (Eds.), Ec-" type="book" year="1966">Brennan and Yunker (1966)</bibRefCitation>
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noted this taxon (as form of
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF8AFFFFFC3AFADEFB38FAB4" baseAuthorityName="Oudemans" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[992,1250,1297,1318]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Eutrombicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfreddugesi">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF8AFFFFFC3AFADEFB38FAB4" box="[992,1250,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Eutrombicula alfreddugesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[Oudemans]) from the highlands of
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<collectingRegion id="49F5F827FF8AFFFFFC2FFAE0FB9FFAD7" box="[1013,1093,1327,1349]" country="Panama" name="Chiriqui" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chiriqui</collectingRegion>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF8AFFFFFBB2FAE0FB6CFAD6" box="[1128,1206,1327,1348]" name="Panama" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Panama</collectingCountry>
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, suggesting the species may naturally occur in Central America.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B34FF8AFFFFFB17FA83FA86FAF0" author="DIETSCH T. V." box="[1229,1372,1356,1378]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1129 - 1137" refId="ref3587" refString="DIETSCH T. V. 2005: A comparison of ectoparasite infestation by chigger mite larvae (Acarina: Trombiculidae) on resident and migratory birds in Chiapas, Mexico illustrating a rapid visual assessment protocol. In: C. J. Ralph; T. D. Rich (Eds.) Bird Conservation Implementation and Integration in the Americas: Proceedings of the Third International Partners in Flight Conference. 20 - 24 March 2002; Asilomar, California, Volume 1 and 2. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR- 191, pp. 1129 - 1137." type="journal article" year="2005">Dietsch (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
brings the study on chiggers parasitising migrating birds in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5F827FF8AFFFFFA94FAA6FA41FAED" box="[1358,1435,1385,1407]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF8AFFFFFC89FA48FC78FA0F" box="[851,930,1415,1437]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
). The author did not specify the species of chiggers, but more than 60 bird species were studied – nearly all of them (including all the above mentioned bird species reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF8AFFFFFC91FA10FC70FA67" box="[843,938,1503,1525]" name="Honduras" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
) were the hosts of larvae possibly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF8AFFFFFAD3FA10FA4CFA66" baseAuthorityName="Wolfenbarger" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[1289,1430,1503,1524]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Eutrombicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipovskyana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF8AFFFFFAD3FA10FA4CFA66" box="[1289,1430,1503,1524]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E. lipovskyana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The importance of birds as hosts of chiggers is also shown in the paper of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B34FF8AFFFFFC39F9D6FBB7F9BD" author="PHILIPS J. R." box="[995,1133,1561,1583]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="210 - 231" refId="ref4188" refString="PHILIPS J. R. 2000: A review and checklist of the parasitic mites (Acarina) of the Falconiformes and Strigiformes. J. Raptor Res. 34: 210 - 231." type="journal article" year="2000">Philips (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
where the author presented 28 raptors as hosts of 25 different chigger species inclUding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF8AFFFFFA52F9F8FC64F9FB" baseAuthorityName="Wolfenbarger" baseAuthorityYear="1952" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Eutrombicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipovskyana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF8AFFFFFA52F9F8FC64F9FB" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E. lipovskyana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The chigger
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF8AFFFFFB8FF99AFB33F9FB" baseAuthorityName="Wolfenbarger" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[1109,1257,1620,1642]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Eutrombicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipovskyana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF8AFFFFFB8FF99AFB33F9FB" box="[1109,1257,1620,1642]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E. lipovskyana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been known from numerous hosts (various groups of vertebrates) and over a wide geographic range. Among the bird species studied by us
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF8AFFFFFCB3F962FC04F953" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[873,990,1708,1730]" class="Aves" family="Vireonidae" genus="Vireo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF8AFFFFFCB3F962FC04F953" box="[873,990,1708,1730]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">V. olivaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known as a host of another chigger
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF8AFFFFFABFF962FC75F94C" baseAuthorityName="Oudemans" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Eutrombicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfreddugesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF8AFFFFFABFF962FC75F94C" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E. alfreddugesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Caribbean region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B34FF8AFFFFFB0AF906FA48F94D" author="WALTERS B. L. & WHITAKER J. O. JR. & GIKAS N. S. & WRENN W. J." box="[1232,1426,1737,1759]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref4472" refString="WALTERS B. L., WHITAKER J. O. JR., GIKAS N. S., WRENN W. J. 2011: Host and Distribution Lists of Chiggers (Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae), of North American Wild Vertebrates North of Mexico. Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. Paper 697: 183 pp." type="book" year="2011">Walters et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The information stated above indicates that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF8AFFFFFB22F928FA5DF96E" baseAuthorityName="Wolfenbarger" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[1272,1415,1767,1788]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Eutrombicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipovskyana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF8AFFFFFB22F928FA5DF96E" box="[1272,1415,1767,1788]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E. lipovskyana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a non-specific parasite; the larvae show a wide ecological and geographical plasticity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36C5FF8AFFFFFC91F890FAD7F805" blockId="1.[811,1438,1887,2071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">With respect to the relationships between chiggers and their bird hosts, some common aspects arise:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36C5FF8AFFFCFC91F850FEB4FCC5" blockId="1.[811,1438,1887,2071]" lastBlockId="2.[150,778,191,919]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
(1) All bird species studied by us have a large geographic distribution (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B34FF8AFFFFFC6FF870FB6DF845" author="HOWELL S. N. G. & WEBB S." box="[949,1207,1983,2007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3893" refString="HOWELL S. N. G., WEBB S. 1995: A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 851 pp." type="book" year="1995">Howell and Webb 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B34FF8AFFFFFB19F870FCB2F865" author="GARRIGUES R. & DEAN R." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3783" refString="GARRIGUES R., DEAN R. 2007. Birds of Costa Rica. Christopher Helm Publishers Ltd., London, 387 pp." type="book" year="2007">Garrigues and Dean 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF8AFFFFFCA0F82FFC2AF865" box="[890,1008,2015,2039]" class="Aves" family="Momotidae" genus="Momotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lessonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF8AFFFFFCA0F82FFC2AF865" box="[890,1008,2015,2039]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">M. lessonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF8AFFFFFB40F810FB31F865" box="[1178,1259,2015,2039]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
to southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF8AFFFFFCF4F7CFFC58F785" box="[814,898,2048,2071]" name="Panama" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B34FF8AFFFFFC4CF830FBC3F785" author="STILES F. G." box="[918,1049,2047,2071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="29 - 75" refId="ref4405" refString="STILES F. G. 2009: A review of the genus Momotus (Coraciiformes: Momotidae) in northern South America and adjacent areas. Ornitologia Colombiana 8: 29 - 75." type="journal article" year="2009">Stiles 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF8AFFFFFBF5F7CFFB66F785" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[1071,1212,2047,2071]" class="Aves" family="Tyrannidae" genus="Attila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spadiceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF8AFFFFFBF5F7CFFB66F785" box="[1071,1212,2047,2071]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">A. spadiceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from north-western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFF4DFF70FF32FF45" box="[151,232,191,215]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
to western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFEB0FF70FE1FFF45" box="[362,453,191,215]" name="Ecuador" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFE0BFF70FDF8FF45" box="[465,546,191,215]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFD1CFF70FCDDFF45" box="[710,775,191,215]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFF6DFF10FECFFF65" box="[183,277,223,247]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF89FFFCFEF8FF2FFE16FF65" baseAuthorityName="Lafresnaye" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[290,460,223,247]" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" genus="Pheugopedius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculipectus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF89FFFCFEF8FF2FFE16FF65" box="[290,460,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. maculipectus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFDC9FF10FDBDFF65" box="[531,615,223,247]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFDAFFF10FD66FF65" box="[629,700,223,247]" name="Belize" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFD10FF10FF11FE85" name="Costa Rica" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFF0DFF30FE8CFE85" box="[215,342,255,279]" name="El Salvador" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFEB8FF30FE02FE85" box="[354,472,255,279]" name="Guatemala" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFE3EFF30FD96FE85" box="[484,588,255,279]" name="Honduras" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFDAAFF30FD3BFE85" box="[624,737,255,279]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF89FFFCFD34FECFFED1FEA5" baseAuthorityName="Cabanis" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" genus="Henicorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucosticta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF89FFFCFD34FECFFED1FEA5" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">H. leucosticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFE78FED0FE29FEA5" box="[418,499,287,311]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
to northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFD7DFEEFFD02FEA5" box="[679,728,288,311]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFF4DFEF0FF2FFEC5" box="[151,245,319,343]" name="Suriname" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Surinam</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF89FFFCFEDAFE8FFE55FEC5" authorityName="Vieillot" authorityYear="1819" box="[256,399,319,343]" class="Aves" family="Polioptilidae" genus="Ramphocaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF89FFFCFEDAFE8FFE55FEC5" box="[256,399,319,343]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">R. melanurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFE0BFEF0FDF8FEC5" box="[465,546,319,343]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
south to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFD5CFEF0FD10FEC5" box="[646,714,319,343]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFF64FE90FEF4FEE5" box="[190,302,351,375]" name="Venezuela" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFEE2FE90FE7BFEE5" box="[312,417,351,375]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFE0BFE90FDF5FEE5" box="[465,559,351,375]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF89FFFCFDE3FEAFFD50FEE5" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[569,650,352,375]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Turdus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grayi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF89FFFCFDE3FEAFFD50FEE5" box="[569,650,352,375]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">T. grayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from South Texas,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFF3AFEB0FEEBFE05" box="[224,305,383,407]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
to northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFE6EFEB0FDFBFE05" box="[436,545,383,407]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF89FFFCFDF1FE4FFD16FE05" box="[555,716,384,407]" class="Aves" family="Parulidae" genus="Helmitheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vermivorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF89FFFCFDF1FE4FFD16FE05" box="[555,716,384,407]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">H. vermivorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFF33FE50FEA1FE25" box="[233,379,415,439]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFE5CFE50FE00FE25" box="[390,474,415,439]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Central America to Greater Antilles;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF89FFFCFF20FE0FFE4AFE45" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[250,400,447,471]" class="Aves" family="Parulidae" genus="Seiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurocapilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF89FFFCFF20FE0FFE4AFE45" box="[250,400,447,471]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">S. aurocapilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from eastern North America, Florida, Central America, many Caribbean islands to northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFF42FE30FED3FD85" box="[152,265,511,535]" name="Venezuela" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF89FFFCFEC2FDCFFE44FD85" baseAuthorityName="Wagler" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[280,414,511,535]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Centurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF89FFFCFEC2FDCFFE44FD85" box="[280,414,511,535]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. aurifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFDE9FE30FD1DFD85" box="[563,711,511,535]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
(NW
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5F827FF89FFFCFF4DFDEFFF02FDA5" box="[151,216,544,567]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, SW
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5F827FF89FFFCFED5FDD0FE58FDA5" box="[271,386,543,567]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFE4EFDD0FE32FDA5" box="[404,488,543,567]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFE28FDD0FDAAFDA5" box="[498,624,543,567]" name="El Salvador" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFF4DFDF0FF25FDC5" box="[151,255,575,599]" name="Honduras" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
to northcentral
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFE7CFDF0FDCDFDC5" box="[422,535,575,599]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF89FFFCFDFBFD8FFD42FDC5" box="[545,664,575,599]" class="Aves" family="Parulidae" genus="Geothlypis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF89FFFCFDFBFD8FFD42FDC5" box="[545,664,575,599]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. formosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from central and eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFEE5FD90FE14FDE5" box="[319,462,607,631]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
(often ranging as far north as
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5F827FF89FFFCFF4DFDB0FEDDFD05" box="[151,263,639,663]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5F827FF89FFFCFEF6FDB0FE66FD05" box="[300,444,639,663]" country="United States of America" name="Pennsylvania" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pennsylvania</collectingRegion>
|
||
) to the Yucatán Peninsula and from many islands of the Caribbean to North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFDA0FD50FD31FD25" box="[634,747,671,695]" name="Venezuela" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF89FFFCFD29FD6FFF26FD45" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" class="Aves" family="Vireonidae" genus="Vireo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF89FFFCFD29FD6FFF26FD45" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">V. olivaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFEBEFD70FE2FFD45" box="[356,501,703,727]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
, many Caribbean islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFF4DFD10FED9FD65" box="[151,259,735,759]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFECAFD10FE96FD65" box="[272,332,735,759]" name="Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFE80FD10FE21FD65" box="[346,507,735,759]" name="French Guiana" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFDF8FD2FFD59FD6A" box="[546,643,736,760]" name="Uruguay" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D46FF89FFFCFD4AFD2FFCDDFD65" baseAuthorityName="Lichtenstein" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[656,775,736,759]" class="Aves" family="Furnariidae" genus="Xiphorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD7FF89FFFCFD4AFD2FFCDDFD65" box="[656,775,736,759]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">X. guttatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFEF3FD30FE48FC85" box="[297,402,767,791]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
through northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFD80FD30FD44FC85" box="[602,670,767,791]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southern and eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFEF9FCD0FE4BFCA5" box="[291,401,799,823]" name="Venezuela" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
to the Guianas (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFD80FCD0FCD9FCA5" box="[602,771,799,823]" name="French Guiana" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFF4DFCF0FF37FCC5" box="[151,237,831,855]" name="Guyana" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFF2DFCF0FEB8FCC5" box="[247,354,831,855]" name="Suriname" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36C5FF89FFFCFF6FFC90FDDEFC05" blockId="2.[150,778,191,919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
(2) Some of these birds migrate through
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3267655FF89FFFCFDA5FC90FD3DFCE5" box="[639,743,863,887]" name="Honduras" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
or winter in this area (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B34FF89FFFCFEBFFCB0FE23FC05" author="DIETSCH T. V." box="[357,505,895,919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1129 - 1137" refId="ref3587" refString="DIETSCH T. V. 2005: A comparison of ectoparasite infestation by chigger mite larvae (Acarina: Trombiculidae) on resident and migratory birds in Chiapas, Mexico illustrating a rapid visual assessment protocol. In: C. J. Ralph; T. D. Rich (Eds.) Bird Conservation Implementation and Integration in the Americas: Proceedings of the Third International Partners in Flight Conference. 20 - 24 March 2002; Asilomar, California, Volume 1 and 2. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR- 191, pp. 1129 - 1137." type="journal article" year="2005">Dietsch 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |