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<document id="CDFB602AA5774C2B27B530746685BA5E" ID-CLB-Dataset="176492" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e5151877-6fa0-44de-b9c3-4577de526c95" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7260277" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1666942366511" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha, Riina, Ricarda &amp; Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi" docDate="2022" docId="039887C690050466FF44F8D42CAC809F" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.570.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 570 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Croton gracilipes Baillon 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="248" masterDocId="FFA1FFBE900A0477FFCCFF8A2D61824B" masterDocTitle="Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="231" pageNumber="246" updateTime="1699408588408" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="4E142731A7B44E0D2EE1254CAB1E39E5">Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3373DC743DA133FCFD85F5FA58D270AD">Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="24E0EA9D1B6C1AEC1C8C359066FAF114">Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário, São Paulo, SP 01061 - 970, Brazil &amp; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, 09972 - 270, Diadema, SP, Brazil. &amp; amanda. pnoronhap @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4874 - 129 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="20424EB493CDD9650A24A3708E130656">Riina, Ricarda</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7CEAE902BD987C5B3EC9E01CA40D1EAF" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7423-899X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="9A057802D540F4E548B95C14A1412D1D">Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain. &amp; rriina @ rjb. csic. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7423 - 899 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7461C0D5717E25845C35310218AF9038" type="email">rriina@rjb.csic.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="EAC2EA97311090BE8D4B60158416FCBB">Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="10FB5994F9A6A99F6F6FE71CF9725F66" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8393-214X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="906241D8109929BA3356A43D40031F46">Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário, São Paulo, SP 01061 - 970, Brazil &amp; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, 09972 - 270, Diadema, SP, Brazil. &amp; mbrcaruzo @ unifesp. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8393 - 214 X</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="039887C690050466FF44F8D42CAC809F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7260345" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203712523" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7260345" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887C690050466FF44F8D42CAC809F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887C690050466FF44F8D42CAC809F" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="15" pageNumber="246">
<subSubSection id="C32B655B90050478FF44F8D42F0C8533" box="[136,621,1886,1913]" pageId="15" pageNumber="246" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8E36D090050478FF44F8D42F0C8533" blockId="15.[136,1452,1886,1985]" box="[136,621,1886,1913]" pageId="15" pageNumber="246">
<emphasis id="B945EAC290050478FF44F8D42DCA8533" bold="true" box="[136,171,1886,1912]" pageId="15" pageNumber="246">16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C314D5390050478FF78F8D42F088533" ID-CoL="ZQ66" authority="Baillon (1864: 333)" authorityName="Baillon" authorityPageNumber="333" authorityYear="1864" box="[180,617,1886,1913]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="246" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
<emphasis id="B945EAC290050478FF78F8D42C1C8532" bold="true" box="[180,381,1886,1913]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="246">Croton gracilipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B2190050478FE4AF8D42F088533" author="Baillon, H. E." box="[390,617,1886,1912]" pageId="15" pageNumber="246" pagination="257 - 377" refId="ref23697" refString="Baillon, H. E. (1864) Species Euphorbiacearum. Euphorbiacees Americaines. Premiere partie: Amerique austro-orientale. Adansonia 4: 257 - 377." type="journal article" year="1864">Baillon (1864: 333)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32B655B90050478FDBAF8D52E9A858B" pageId="15" pageNumber="246" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8E36D090050478FDBAF8D52E9A858B" blockId="15.[136,1452,1886,1985]" pageId="15" pageNumber="246">
<materialsCitation id="3B593C8D90050478FDBAF8D52E8F85D7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948786461" collectionCode="P" collectorName="P. C. D. Claussen" country="Brazil" location="Minas Gerais" pageId="15" pageNumber="246" specimenCode="00493373" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="548A887290050478FDBAF8D52F878532" box="[630,742,1887,1913]" pageId="15" pageNumber="246" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(designated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B2190050478FC50F8D4290E8533" author="Santos, R. F. &amp; Riina, R. &amp; Caruzo, M. B. R." box="[924,1135,1886,1912]" pageId="15" pageNumber="246" pagination="1467 - 1497" refId="ref26087" refString="Santos, R. F., Riina, R. &amp; Caruzo, M. B. R. (2017) Diversity of arborescent lineages of Crotoneae (Euphorbiaceae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Plant Systematics and Evolution 303: 1467 - 1497. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00606 - 017 - 1441 - 8" type="journal article" year="2017">
Santos
<emphasis id="B945EAC290050478FC3CF8D5294B8533" box="[1008,1066,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="246">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
):
<emphasis id="B945EAC290050478FBB7F8D429F68533" bold="true" box="[1147,1175,1886,1912]" pageId="15" pageNumber="246">—</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F326764090050478FB5BF8D428618533" box="[1175,1280,1886,1912]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="246">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49F5F83290050478FAC0F8D428C68533" box="[1292,1447,1886,1912]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="15" pageNumber="246">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
: s.loc., 1838,
<emphasis id="B945EAC290050478FED0F8092F6885D7" box="[284,521,1922,1949]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="246">
<collectorName id="26C4530690050478FED0F8092CB785D7" box="[284,470,1922,1949]" pageId="15" pageNumber="246">P.C.D. Claussen</collectorName>
773
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED20AE1590050478FDD7F8082F4A85D7" box="[539,555,1922,1948]" pageId="15" pageNumber="246">P</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB979EAB90050478FDF8F8082FCC85D7" box="[564,685,1922,1948]" pageId="15" pageNumber="246">00493373</specimenCode>
!; isolectotype P 00493372!)
</materialsCitation>
. Remaining
<typeStatus id="548A887290050478FB4CF80929BA85D6" box="[1152,1243,1923,1949]" pageId="15" pageNumber="246" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="B945EAC290050478FB13F808299A85D7" bold="true" box="[1247,1275,1922,1948]" pageId="15" pageNumber="246">—</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F326764090050478FB37F808280585D7" box="[1275,1380,1922,1948]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="246">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49F5F83290050478FABCF8092DBD858B" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="15" pageNumber="246">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
: s.loc., 1833,
<emphasis id="B945EAC290050478FEB9F82D2FDB858B" box="[373,698,1958,1985]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="246">C. Gaudichaud-Beaupré 250</emphasis>
(P 00493374!). (
<figureCitation id="130A2A5590050478FCB4F82C2EDC858B" box="[888,957,1958,1984]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1808,1830]" captionTargetBox="[171,1428,194,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-28@16.[154,1443,190,1787]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Croton glechomifolius. A. Creeping habit. B. Reniform leaves. C. Leaf base with blackish trichomes. The arrow points to a stipitate acropetiolar nectary gland. D. Pistillate flowers with bifid styles. E. Hispid capsules. C. gracilipes. F. Sessile acropetiolar nectary glands. G. Inflorescence with unisexual lower cymules. H. Staminate flower.I. Capsule. J. Pistillate flowers, with bifid styles; arrow points to petals transformed into globose glands (colleters). C. grandivelus. K. Leaf. L. Congested inflorescence. M. Staminate flowers. Photos: A.P.N. Pereira." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7260303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7260303/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="246">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
, F–J)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4E6658901A0467FF44F89A2C7885FC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7260303" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7260303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7260303/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="247" startId="16.[136,229,1808,1830]" targetBox="[171,1428,194,1776]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8B8E36D0901A0467FF44F89A2C7885FC" blockId="16.[136,1452,1808,1975]" pageId="16" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901A0467FF44F89A2D9F856D" bold="true" box="[136,254,1808,1830]" pageId="16" pageNumber="247">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53901A0467FEC9F89B2CBA856D" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1865" box="[261,475,1809,1830]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="247" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glechomifolius">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901A0467FEC9F89B2CBA856D" box="[261,475,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="247">Croton glechomifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Creeping habit. B. Reniform leaves. C. Leaf base with blackish trichomes. The arrow points to a stipitate acropetiolar nectary gland. D. Pistillate flowers with bifid styles. E. Hispid capsules.
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53901A0467FBCAF8BF29E08501" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[1030,1153,1845,1866]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="247" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901A0467FBCAF8BF29E08501" box="[1030,1153,1845,1866]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="247">C. gracilipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. F. Sessile acropetiolar nectary glands. G. Inflorescence with unisexual lower cymules. H. Staminate flower. I. Capsule. J. Pistillate flowers, with bifid styles; arrow points to petals transformed into globose glands (colleters).
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53901A0467FD4BF8F72E7585D9" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[647,788,1917,1938]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="247" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandivelus">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901A0467FD4BF8F72E7585D9" box="[647,788,1917,1938]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="247">C. grandivelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. K. Leaf. L. Congested inflorescence. M. Staminate flowers. Photos: A.P.N. Pereira.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32B655B901B0466FF44FF1429DB8327" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8E36D0901B0466FF44FF1429DB8327" blockId="17.[136,1452,158,724]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">
This shrub or small tree can be recognized by its ovate leaves with sessile acropetiolar nectary glands and pistillate petals transformed into conspicuous nectary glands.
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53901B0466FD1AFF492EFD8297" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[726,924,194,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FD1AFF492EFD8297" box="[726,924,194,221]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Croton gracilipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53901B0466FBFDFF4929A98297" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[1073,1224,195,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urucurana">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FBFDFF4929A98297" box="[1073,1224,195,221]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">C. urucurana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the length of the staminate flowers (
<quantity id="4CC99B35901B0466FE92FF6C2CFE834A" box="[350,415,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53901B0466FE0EFF6D2F32834B" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[450,595,230,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FE0EFF6D2F32834B" box="[450,595,230,257]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">C. gracilipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs.
<quantity id="4CC99B35901B0466FD4DFF6C2FA0834B" box="[641,705,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" unit="in" value="3.5">3.5 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53901B0466FD0BFF6D2E3F834B" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[711,862,231,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urucurana">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FD0BFF6D2E3F834B" box="[711,862,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">C. urucurana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), pistillate petals (nectary glands in
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53901B0466FB38FF6D28E4834B" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[1268,1413,230,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FB38FF6D28E4834B" box="[1268,1413,230,257]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">C. gracilipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. filiform in
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53901B0466FECDFE812CF6836F" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[257,407,267,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urucurana">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FECDFE812CF6836F" box="[257,407,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">C. urucurana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the columella apex (inflated and trilobed in
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53901B0466FC0CFE812931836F" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[960,1104,266,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FC0CFE812931836F" box="[960,1104,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">C. gracilipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. inconspicuous and unlobed in
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53901B0466FF68FEA52C5B8303" authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1864" box="[164,314,303,329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urucurana">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FF68FEA52C5B8303" box="[164,314,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">C. urucurana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). It is the only species that can be also found as a small tree that possess an inflated, trilobed columella apex. It belongs to
<taxonomicName id="4C314D53901B0466FE92FED929D78327" authority="Croizat (van Ee &amp; Berry 2021)" authorityName="Croizat (van Ee &amp; Berry" authorityYear="2021" box="[350,1206,338,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSection" section="Adenophylli" subSection="Pungentes">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FE92FED92CCD8326" box="[350,428,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Croton</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FE21FED82F158327" box="[493,628,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Adenophylli</emphasis>
subsect.
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FD17FED92E318327" box="[731,848,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Pungentes</emphasis>
Croizat (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B21901B0466FC74FED829CC8327" author="van Ee, B. W. &amp; Berry, P. E." box="[952,1197,338,365]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" pagination="314 - 357" refId="ref27070" refString="van Ee, B. W. &amp; Berry, P. E. (2021) Taxonomy of Croton flavens (Euphorbiaceae), a Caribbean Endemic, and a Preliminary Subsectional Classification of Croton section Adenophylli. Caribbean Journal of Science 51: 314 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.18475 / cjos. v 51 i 2. a 14" type="journal article" year="2021">van Ee &amp; Berry 2021</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B655B901B0466FF71FEFC2ECB8393" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8E36D0901B0466FF71FEFC2ECB8393" blockId="17.[136,1452,158,724]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FF71FEFC2F6283DB" bold="true" box="[189,515,374,400]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Distribution and habitat:—</emphasis>
It occurs in
<collectingCountry id="F3267640901B0466FD4FFEFC2F9483DB" box="[643,757,374,400]" name="Argentina" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3267640901B0466FCCCFEFC2E3483DB" box="[768,853,374,400]" name="Bolivia" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3267640901B0466FC93FEFD2EA683DA" box="[863,967,375,401]" name="Paraguay" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3267640901B0466FC37FEFC295E83DB" box="[1019,1087,374,400]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(DF, GO, MG, MS, MT, SP,
<collectingRegion id="49F5F832901B0466FA4CFEFC28C583DB" box="[1408,1444,374,400]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">PR</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B21901B0466FF5CFE102C3D83FF" author="Santos, R. F. &amp; Riina, R. &amp; Caruzo, M. B. R." box="[144,348,410,436]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" pagination="1467 - 1497" refId="ref26087" refString="Santos, R. F., Riina, R. &amp; Caruzo, M. B. R. (2017) Diversity of arborescent lineages of Crotoneae (Euphorbiaceae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Plant Systematics and Evolution 303: 1467 - 1497. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00606 - 017 - 1441 - 8" type="journal article" year="2017">
Santos
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FF2FFE112C7B83FF" box="[227,282,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B21901B0466FEAAFE102F5983FF" author="Caruzo, M. B. R. &amp; Secco, R. S. &amp; Medeiros, D. &amp; Riina, R. &amp; Torres, D. S. C. &amp; Santos, R. F. &amp; Pereira, A. P. N. &amp; Rossine, Y. &amp; Lima, L. R. &amp; Muniz-Filho, E. &amp; Valduga, E." box="[358,568,410,436]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" pagination="2020" refId="ref24467" refString="Caruzo, M. B. R., Secco, R. S., Medeiros, D., Riina, R., Torres, D. S. C., Santos, R. F., Pereira, A. P. N., Rossine, Y., Lima, L. R., Muniz-Filho, E., Valduga, E. (2020) Croton. In: Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. Available at: http: // floradobrasil. jbrj. gov. br / reflora / floradobrasil / FB 17497 (accessed 8 January 2022)" type="book chapter" year="2020">
Caruzo
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FE72FE112C9783FF" box="[446,502,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
), growing in edges of semideciduous seasonal forest, and also in fluvial islands (northwestern
<collectingRegion id="49F5F832901B0466FEE7FE342CD48393" box="[299,437,446,472]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Paraná state</collectingRegion>
), between 350 and
<quantity id="4CC99B35901B0466FD41FE342FB58392" box="[653,724,446,473]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
elevation. (
<figureCitation id="130A2A55901B0466FC94FE342EFD8393" box="[856,924,446,472]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[136,229,2002,2024]" captionTargetBox="[186,1399,1147,1972]" captionTargetId="figure-432@14.[173,1415,1145,1977]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Map showing the known geographic distributions of Croton fuscus, C. glandulosus, C. glechomifolius, and C. gracilipes in Paraná state." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7260301" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7260301/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B655B901B0466FF71FE68299883B7" box="[189,1273,482,509]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8E36D0901B0466FF71FE68299883B7" blockId="17.[136,1452,158,724]" box="[189,1273,482,509]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FF71FE682C3E83B7" bold="true" box="[189,351,482,508]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Phenology:—</emphasis>
Flowering from October to April, and fruiting from April, October and November.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B655B901B0466FF71FD8C2CAC809F" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8E36D0901B0466FF71FD8C2CAC809F" blockId="17.[136,1452,158,724]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FF71FD8C2F7B806B" bold="true" box="[189,538,518,544]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Representative specimens:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B593C8D901B0466FDD6FD822874806A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948786400" box="[538,1301,518,547]" collectingDate="1981-02-20" collectionCode="G" collectorName="Adrianopolis" location="Ponte do Ribeira" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<collectingRegion id="49F5F832901B0466FDD6FD822FEA8068" box="[538,651,520,547]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">PARANÁ</collectingRegion>
:
<collectorName id="26C45306901B0466FD51FD8C2E53806B" box="[669,818,518,544]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Adrianópolis</collectorName>
,
<location id="8EEE600B901B0466FC8EFD8D296A806B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887C690050466FF44F8D42CAC809F:8EEE600B901B0466FC8EFD8D296A806B" box="[834,1035,518,545]" name="Ponte do Ribeira" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" stateProvince="Parana">Ponte do Ribeira</location>
,
<date id="FF8F1010901B0466FBD7FD8C298F806B" box="[1051,1262,518,544]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" value="1981-02-20">
<collectingDate id="EFCBE9F8901B0466FBD7FD8C298F806B" box="[1051,1262,518,544]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" value="1981-02-20">20 February 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FB32FD8D2874806A" box="[1278,1301,519,545]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FB32FD8D2874806A" box="[1278,1301,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">G</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FADAFD8D287B806A" box="[1302,1306,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FAEAFD8C2DAF800F" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">
<collectorName id="26C45306901B0466FAEAFD8C28CD806B" box="[1318,1452,518,544]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Hatschbach</collectorName>
43630
</emphasis>
(
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,
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FEF9FDA02C03800F" box="[309,354,554,580]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
).
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEAACAA901B0466FEBAFDA02CD8800F" box="[374,441,554,580]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Fênix</collectingMunicipality>
,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE055017901B0466FCDEFDA02ECF800E" box="[786,942,554,581]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" precision="1" seconds="05.8" value="-23.968279">23°58’05.8”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE055017901B0466FC70FDA02901800E" box="[956,1120,554,581]" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" precision="1" seconds="07.4" value="-52.06872">52°04’07.4”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CC99B35901B0466FBA2FDA029D9800E" box="[1134,1208,554,581]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.56" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" unit="m" value="356.0">
<elevation id="001CD1E3901B0466FBA2FDA029D9800E" box="[1134,1208,554,581]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.56" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" unit="m" value="356.0">356 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 18
<collectorName id="26C45306901B0466FB26FDA02849800F" box="[1258,1320,554,580]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">April</collectorName>
, 2013,
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FAB1FDA128C9800F" box="[1405,1448,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FAB1FDA128F3800F" box="[1405,1426,555,580]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FA59FDA128C9800F" box="[1429,1448,555,580]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FA64FDA128CD800F" box="[1448,1452,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B593C8D901B0466FF44FDC529668022" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948786327" box="[136,1031,590,617]" collectingDate="2015-06-01" collectionCode="HCF, MBM, A" collectorName="Siqueira" location="Conglomerado" municipality="Jataizinho" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="PARANA">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FF44FDC52C7A8023" box="[136,283,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">
<collectorName id="26C45306901B0466FF44FDC52D868022" box="[136,231,591,617]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Siqueira</collectorName>
655
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FEE0FDC42C048023" box="[300,357,590,616]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ersw-zzts" name="Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">HCF</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FEBEFDC42CDA8023" box="[370,443,590,616]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">MBM</collectionCode>
).
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEAACAA901B0466FE1DFDC42F248023" box="[465,581,590,616]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Jataizinho</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EEE600B901B0466FD9FFDC42F988023" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887C690050466FF44F8D42CAC809F:8EEE600B901B0466FD9FFDC42F988023" box="[595,761,590,616]" municipality="Jataizinho" name="Conglomerado" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" stateProvince="PARANA">Conglomerado</location>
61,
<date id="FF8F1010901B0466FCFCFDC42EAC8022" box="[816,973,590,617]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" value="2015-06-01">
<collectingDate id="EFCBE9F8901B0466FCFCFDC42EAC8022" box="[816,973,590,617]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" value="2015-06-01">01 June 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FC17FDC529668022" box="[987,1031,591,617]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FC17FDC52E8E8022" box="[987,1007,591,617]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FC3FFDC529668022" box="[1011,1031,591,617]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FBC4FDC5296D8022" box="[1032,1036,591,617]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B593C8D901B0466FBD9FDC42E7D80C7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948786685" collectingDate="1991-08-04" collectionCode="FURB, MBM, RB, L, H" collectorName="Oliveira" location="Rodovia Londrina-Maua" municipality="Londrina" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="PARANA">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FBD9FDC429D58023" box="[1045,1204,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">
<collectorName id="26C45306901B0466FBD9FDC429138023" box="[1045,1138,590,616]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Oliveira</collectorName>
1907
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FB09FDC428738023" box="[1221,1298,590,616]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15851" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15851" name="Universidade Regional de Blumenau" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">FURB</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FAEDFDC528098022" box="[1313,1384,591,617]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">MBM</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FABAFDC428FE8023" box="[1398,1439,590,616]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15528" name="Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">RB</collectionCode>
).
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEAACAA901B0466FF44FDF82D9380C7" box="[136,242,626,652]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Londrina</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EEE600B901B0466FF33FDF82F7B80C7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887C690050466FF44F8D42CAC809F:8EEE600B901B0466FF33FDF82F7B80C7" box="[255,538,626,652]" municipality="Londrina" name="Rodovia Londrina-Maua" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" stateProvince="PARANA">Rodovia Londrina-Mauá</location>
,
<date id="FF8F1010901B0466FDEBFDF82FBE80C7" box="[551,735,626,652]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" value="1991-08-04">
<collectingDate id="EFCBE9F8901B0466FDEBFDF82FBE80C7" box="[551,735,626,652]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" value="1991-08-04">04 August 1991</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FD21FDF92E7D80C7" box="[749,796,627,652]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FD21FDF92F9E80C7" box="[749,767,627,652]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FCCFFDF92E7D80C7" box="[771,796,627,652]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FCD7FDF929EA80C7" box="[795,1163,626,653]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">
.
<materialsCitation id="3B593C8D901B0466FCE4FDF82E8E80C6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948786513" box="[808,1007,626,653]" collectionCode="F, C" collectorName="Soares-Silva" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="PARANA">
<collectorName id="26C45306901B0466FCE4FDF82ED680C7" box="[808,951,626,652]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Soares-Silva</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FC09FDF92EB880C6" box="[965,985,627,653]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FC10FDF92E8E80C6" box="[988,1007,627,653]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B593C8D901B0466FC30FDF929E780C7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948786556" box="[1020,1158,626,653]" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Silva" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="PARANA">
e
<collectorName id="26C45306901B0466FBDEFDF8292B80C7" box="[1042,1098,626,652]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Silva</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FBBEFDF929E780C7" box="[1138,1158,627,652]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">R</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B593C8D901B0466FB58FDF8294580FA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948786571" collectingDate="2004-02-19" collectionCode="FUEL, K, G" collectorName="Goldenberg" county="Santa Maria do Oeste" location="Rio Feio" municipality="Rio Pitanga" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="PARANA">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FB58FDF8282D80C7" box="[1172,1356,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">
<collectorName id="26C45306901B0466FB58FDF8287880C7" box="[1172,1305,626,652]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Goldenberg</collectorName>
288
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FA91FDF828C680C7" box="[1373,1447,626,652]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15097" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15097" name="Universidade Estadual de Londrina" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">FUEL</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FF44FD1C2DC180FB" box="[136,160,662,688]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
).
<collectingCounty id="62EF4E5C901B0466FF78FD1C2CCB80FB" box="[180,426,662,688]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Santa Maria do Oeste</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEAACAA901B0466FE79FD1C2F5980FB" box="[437,568,662,688]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Rio Pitanga</collectingMunicipality>
próximo ao
<location id="8EEE600B901B0466FD0BFD1C2E4D80FB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887C690050466FF44F8D42CAC809F:8EEE600B901B0466FD0BFD1C2E4D80FB" box="[711,812,662,688]" county="Santa Maria do Oeste" municipality="Rio Pitanga" name="Rio Feio" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" stateProvince="PARANA">Rio Feio</location>
,
<date id="FF8F1010901B0466FCFBFD1C296380FB" box="[823,1026,662,688]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" value="2004-02-19">
<collectingDate id="EFCBE9F8901B0466FCFBFD1C296380FB" box="[823,1026,662,688]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" value="2004-02-19">19 February 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FBC1FD1D294580FA" box="[1037,1060,663,689]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FBC1FD1D294580FA" box="[1037,1060,663,689]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">G</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FBE8FD1D28CD80FB" box="[1060,1452,662,689]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">
.
<materialsCitation id="3B593C8D901B0466FBFCFD1C29BE80FB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948786638" box="[1072,1247,662,688]" collectionCode="M" collectorName="Hatschbach" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="PARANA">
<collectorName id="26C45306901B0466FBFCFD1C29D880FB" box="[1072,1209,662,688]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Hatschbach</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FB08FD1D29BE80FB" box="[1220,1247,663,688]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B593C8D901B0466FB25FD1C28C980FB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948786694" box="[1257,1448,662,689]" collectionCode="E" collectorName="Hatschbach" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="PARANA">
<collectorName id="26C45306901B0466FB25FD1C280E80FB" box="[1257,1391,662,688]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Hatschbach</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FA5FFD1D28C980FB" box="[1427,1448,663,688]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B593C8D901B0466FF44FD302CA8809F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948786353" box="[136,457,698,724]" collectionCode="MBM, RB" collectorName="Barbosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="PARANA">
<emphasis id="B945EAC2901B0466FF44FD302C55809F" box="[136,308,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">
<collectorName id="26C45306901B0466FF44FD302D86809F" box="[136,231,698,724]" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">Barbosa</collectorName>
76807
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FE8FFD302CED809F" box="[323,396,698,724]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" pageId="17" pageNumber="248">MBM</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED20AE15901B0466FE5BFD302CA1809F" box="[407,448,698,724]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15528" name="Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="17" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">RB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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