167 lines
21 KiB
XML
167 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="28F22001FBA51385BDD398AA83A3B4C3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13620702" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13620702" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1723143726709" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Geraads, Denis, Kaya, Tanju & Mayda, Serdar" docDate="2005" docId="039787DCFFEF9814B81F117426F3FC32" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.50.3.523-544.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37.1:ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Tetralophodon longirostris" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="530" masterDocId="FFAEFFA4FFE99813BB33172D2535FF93" masterDocTitle="Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications" masterLastPageNumber="544" masterPageNumber="523" pageNumber="529" updateTime="1725043087151" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="2D48ED81C7AA8F0097C57E2B636474BA">Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AC8DAF323818CBDC5F8B00C2A5C1F11A">Geraads, Denis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FC01BA02ECCFF0F17E819B8ECF48E830">Kaya, Tanju</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="96CFB389A3B7E34F8847806EED9886BA">Mayda, Serdar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="247B6786501E1C441DF4790CE1EEC5AA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="964FA9075F2FFC382AEBE9C4CB99F815">Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B1F1CD2D8BD2BBE4AAEBDFD78ACF4295">
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<mods:date id="120EF4B13CCBAB45428D2F77697996BC">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="837FA8E7C1C966B76580829C0769C375">50</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1C9ADC1927AC8A2452EDB0A7487CFDFE">3</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C056815EBD0665773C367241CA76230A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.13620702</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="48B2FBAB0D487A2ED23D9E4B631A02A1" type="ISSN">1732-2421</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039787DCFFEF9814B81F117426F3FC32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787DCFFEF9814B81F117426F3FC32" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787DCFFEF9814B81F117426F3FC32" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="530" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">
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<subSubSection id="C3246541FFEF9815B81F1174200FF9E7" box="[812,1338,1624,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFEF9815B81F1174200FF9E7" blockId="6.[812,1338,1624,1653]" box="[812,1338,1624,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">
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<heading id="D0C981A6FFEF9815B81F1174200FF9E7" box="[812,1338,1624,1653]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" reason="9">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEF9815B81F1174200FF9E7" authority="(Kaup, 1832)" baseAuthorityName="Kaup" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[812,1338,1624,1653]" class="Mammalia" family="Elephantidae" genus="Tetralophodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longirostris">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEF9815B81F117421B2F9E6" box="[812,1159,1625,1653]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">Tetralophodon longirostris</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEF9815BFAB11752004F9E7" author="Kaup, J. J." box="[1176,1329,1624,1652]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" refId="ref17905" refString="Kaup, J. J. 1832. Description d'ossements fossiles de mammiferes inconnus jusqu'a present qui se trouvent au Museum grand ducal de Darmstadt. 119 pp. Meyer, Darmstadt." type="book" year="1832">Kaup, 1832</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3246541FFEF9814B81F11AA26F3FC32" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="530" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFEF9815B81F11AA26D0F8CC" blockId="6.[812,1485,1670,1887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEF9815B81F11AA2115F90C" box="[812,1056,1671,1695]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">
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Material from Yulafl
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEF9815BF2B11AA2115F90C" bold="true" box="[1048,1056,1671,1695]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">I</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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.—TTMEU−CY−23, left dentary, with m2–m3 and alveoli of m1; TTMEU−CY−202a, right dentary with m2 and alveoli of m1 (
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<figureCitation id="13052A4FFFEF9815BF6A11EB2187F94C" box="[1113,1202,1734,1759]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[102,135,1896,1916]" captionText="Fig. 4. A, B. Tetralophodon longirostris. A. TTMEU−CY−202a; A, right mandibular corpus with m2 and alveoli of m1, labial view; A, same specimen, + 1 2 right m2. B. TTMEU−CY−202b; right m3. C, D. Choerolophodon anatolicus. C. TTMEU−CY−22; C1, right mandibular corpus with m3 and alveolus of m2, labial view; C2, same specimen, right m3. D. TTMEU−CY−32, isolated right m3. E, F. Amebelodon grandincisivus. E. TTMEU−CY−203, left M2. F. TTMEU−CY−143; F1, left i2, cross section in distal view; F2, same specimen, dorsal view. G. Deinotherium giganteum, TTMEU−CY−30, right P4. All from Yulafli, Turkey, Vallesian, late Miocene." pageId="6" pageNumber="529">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
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); TTMEU−CY−202b, isolated right m3 (
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<figureCitation id="13052A4FFFEF9815B8DB11CB2173F96C" box="[1000,1094,1766,1791]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[102,135,1896,1916]" captionText="Fig. 4. A, B. Tetralophodon longirostris. A. TTMEU−CY−202a; A, right mandibular corpus with m2 and alveoli of m1, labial view; A, same specimen, + 1 2 right m2. B. TTMEU−CY−202b; right m3. C, D. Choerolophodon anatolicus. C. TTMEU−CY−22; C1, right mandibular corpus with m3 and alveolus of m2, labial view; C2, same specimen, right m3. D. TTMEU−CY−32, isolated right m3. E, F. Amebelodon grandincisivus. E. TTMEU−CY−203, left M2. F. TTMEU−CY−143; F1, left i2, cross section in distal view; F2, same specimen, dorsal view. G. Deinotherium giganteum, TTMEU−CY−30, right P4. All from Yulafli, Turkey, Vallesian, late Miocene." pageId="6" pageNumber="529">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
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); TTMEU−CY−111, right dentary with heavily worn m1; TTMEU−CY−112, right dentary with heavily worn m2, and anterior part of m3; TTMEU−CY−48 isolated left M2.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFEF9814B81F105F278CFDB2" blockId="6.[812,1485,1905,2026]" lastBlockId="7.[102,775,232,1158]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="530" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEF9815B81F105F2685F81A" box="[812,944,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">Description</emphasis>
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.—TTMEU−CY−23 and TTMEU−CY−202 belong to adult individuals. The corpus of each specimen is robust and broadens posteriorly. The interalveolar crest and the mandibular foramina are missing in TTMEU−CY−23, but the interalveolar crest of TTMEU−CY−202 is straight, long and mesio−ventrally sloping. It is deflected downward at ~45
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEE9814B9C816252633FE88" box="[763,774,264,283]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">°</emphasis>
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relative to the alveolar border, while the ventral margin of the symphysis exhibits a downward deflection of 15
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEE9814B99616652785FEC8" box="[677,688,328,347]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">°</emphasis>
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. These measurements for TTMEU−CY−112 are 40
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEE9814B97216452779FEE8" box="[577,588,360,379]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">°</emphasis>
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and 17
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEE9814B9AE1645279DFEE8" box="[669,680,360,379]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">°</emphasis>
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, respectively. There are four mandibular foramina on
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<collectionCode id="ED2FAE0FFFEE9814B9AE16A42632FE33" box="[669,775,393,416]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">TTMEU−</collectionCode>
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CY−202. The largest one is positioned below the alveoli of m1, the others are positioned anteriorly on the symphysis. TTMEU−CY−111 belongs to a juvenile individual with a slender corpus exhibiting three mandibular foramina.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF416642FFEF9815BB5510FE2747F874" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13620714" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13620714" box="[102,626,2003,2023]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13620714/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" startId="6.[102,135,2003,2023]" targetBox="[104,772,1500,1976]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFEF9815BB5510FE2747F874" blockId="6.[102,626,2003,2023]" box="[102,626,2003,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">
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Fig. 7. Length
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEF9815BBDF10F92413F875" box="[236,294,2004,2022]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">versus</emphasis>
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width plot of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEF9815BA9510FE2775F874" authorityName="Schlesinger" authorityYear="1917" box="[422,576,2003,2023]" class="Mammalia" family="Gomphotheriidae" genus="Choerolophodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEF9815BA9510FE2775F874" box="[422,576,2003,2023]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">Choerolophodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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m3s.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFEE9814BBBF150624B7FC97" blockId="7.[102,775,232,1158]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">The m2 of TTMEU−CY−202 has four lophids, plus a small and low distal cingulum. The anterior margin of the tooth is broken. The pretrite half−lophids 2 and 3 preserve large posterior accessory conules while the fourth one has a smaller one. All other intermediate molars have four loph(id)s, but due to the wear stage in all specimens, it is impossible to determine their precise composition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFEE9814BBBF142025C5FB15" blockId="7.[102,775,232,1158]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">All m3s are morphologically similar. They each have five lophids and a bituberculate talonid, which could also be considered as a lophid. Each half−lophid is composed of a large main cone, a smaller mesoconelet and anterior and posterior accessory conules on the pretrite half−lophids and a posterior accessory conule on the first posttrite half−lophid. The pretrite half−lophids 4 and 5 of TTMEU−CY−23 do not exhibit any accessory conules. The anterior cingulum is well developed in all teeth. There are no traces of labial and lingual cingula except a thick basal one on the labial side of the last lophid of TTMEU−CY−23. There is a trace of cement at the base of the interlophids.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFEE9814BB5513B621ABFE32" blockId="7.[102,775,1179,1236]" lastBlockId="7.[812,1485,232,929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEE9814BB5513B625CCFB20" box="[102,249,1179,1203]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">Comparisons</emphasis>
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.—Tetralophodont records are scarcer in
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<collectingCountry id="F329765AFFEE9814B98413B62632FB27" box="[695,775,1179,1204]" name="Turkey" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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than those of choerolophodonts, but they are more numerous in other Eurasian localities.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEE9814BF6B17C520B5FE93" baseAuthorityName="Kaup" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1112,1408,232,256]" class="Mammalia" family="Elephantidae" genus="Tetralophodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longirostris">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEE9814BF6B17C520B5FE93" box="[1112,1408,232,256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">Tetralophodon longirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ranges from the late middle Miocene to the late Miocene. It is well known from Eppelsheim, Dorn−Dürkheim 1, Belvedere in
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<collectingCountry id="F329765AFFEE9814B81F166526B5FEF2" box="[812,896,328,353]" name="Austria" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">Austria</collectingCountry>
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, and Nombrevilla in Spain (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEE9814BFEB16652045FEF2" author="Tobien, H." box="[1240,1392,328,353]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" pagination="159 - 208" refId="ref20238" refString="Tobien, H. 1978. On the evolution of Mastodonts (Proboscidea, Mammalia). Part 2: The bunodont tetralophodont Groups. Geologisches Jahrbuch Hessen 196: 159 - 208." type="journal article" year="1978">Tobien 1978</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEE9814BEB116652652FE12" author="Gaziry, A. W." pageId="7" pageNumber="530" pagination="73 - 115" refId="ref17096" refString="Gaziry, A. W. 1997. Die Mastodonten (Proboscidea, Mammalia) aus Dorn-Durkheim 1 (Rheinhessen). Courier Forschungs-Institut Senckenberg 197: 73 - 115." type="journal article" year="1997">Gaziry 1997</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEE9814B8421645213FFE12" author="Gohlich, U. B." box="[881,1034,360,385]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" pagination="157 - 168" refId="ref17372" refString="Gohlich, U. B. 1999. Order Proboscidea. In: G. Rossner and K. Heissig (eds.), The Miocene Land Mammals of Europe, 157 - 168. Dr. Pfeil Verlag, Munchen." type="book chapter" year="1999">Göhlich 1999</bibRefCitation>
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). The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEE9814BFA016452003FE13" authorityName="Falconer" authorityYear="1857" box="[1171,1334,360,384]" class="Mammalia" family="Elephantidae" genus="Tetralophodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEE9814BFA016452003FE13" box="[1171,1334,360,384]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">Tetralophodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has also been recorded in Istanbul (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEE9814BF2516A521A7FE32" author="Viret, J." box="[1046,1170,392,417]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" pagination="51 - 62" refId="ref20663" refString="Viret, J. 1953. Observations sur quelques dents de mastodontes de Turquie et de Chine. Annales de l'Universite de Lyon 7: 51 - 62." type="journal article" year="1953">Viret 1953</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8136CAFFEE9814B861168526F3FC32" blockId="7.[812,1485,232,929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">
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The materials from Yulafli are very similar in size and morphology to those of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEE9814BF6016E420BFFE72" baseAuthorityName="Kaup" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1107,1418,457,481]" class="Mammalia" family="Elephantidae" genus="Tetralophodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longirostris">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEE9814BF6016E420BFFE72" box="[1107,1418,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">Tetralophodon longirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Eppelsheim (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEE9814B8F316C52160FD92" author="Tobien, H." box="[960,1109,488,513]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" pagination="159 - 208" refId="ref20238" refString="Tobien, H. 1978. On the evolution of Mastodonts (Proboscidea, Mammalia). Part 2: The bunodont tetralophodont Groups. Geologisches Jahrbuch Hessen 196: 159 - 208." type="journal article" year="1978">Tobien 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 10: 1) and Dorn−Dürkheim 1 (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEE9814B807152526FCFDB2" author="Gaziry, A. W." box="[820,969,520,545]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" pagination="73 - 115" refId="ref17096" refString="Gaziry, A. W. 1997. Die Mastodonten (Proboscidea, Mammalia) aus Dorn-Durkheim 1 (Rheinhessen). Courier Forschungs-Institut Senckenberg 197: 73 - 115." type="journal article" year="1997">Gaziry 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 1: 2). The m3s have five lophids and a talonid, a simple crown pattern without anancoidy, a slight cement cover in the posterior interlophids, and the symphysis is down−turned. The fossils from Yulafli are distinguished from other tetralophodonts (“
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEE9814BF4915A420B7FD32" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1832" box="[1146,1410,648,673]" class="Mammalia" family="Gomphotheriidae" genus="Mastodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longirostris">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEE9814BF4915A421DFFD32" box="[1146,1258,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">Mastodon</emphasis>
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”
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEE9814BFCC15A420B7FD32" box="[1279,1410,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">longirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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forma
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<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEE9814B81F158426FEFD53" box="[812,971,681,704]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">gigantorostris</emphasis>
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and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEE9814BF161584206CFD52" baseAuthorityName="Schlesinger" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1061,1369,680,705]" class="Mammalia" family="Gomphotheriidae" genus="Mastodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandincisivus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEE9814BF16158421A0FD52" box="[1061,1173,681,705]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">Mastodon</emphasis>
|
||
”
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEE9814BF871584206CFD52" box="[1204,1369,681,705]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">grandincisivus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEE9814BE4F15852652FD72" author="Tobien, H." pageId="7" pageNumber="530" pagination="159 - 208" refId="ref20238" refString="Tobien, H. 1978. On the evolution of Mastodonts (Proboscidea, Mammalia). Part 2: The bunodont tetralophodont Groups. Geologisches Jahrbuch Hessen 196: 159 - 208." type="journal article" year="1978">Tobien 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B3BFFEE9814B84615E421A3FD72" author="Mazo, A. V. & Montoya, P." box="[885,1174,712,737]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" pagination="79 - 109" refId="ref18381" refString="Mazo, A. V., and Montoya, P. 2003. Proboscidea from the Upper Miocene of Crevillente. Scripta Geologica 126: 79 - 109." type="journal article" year="2003">Mazo and Montoya 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) by having a simple crown pattern, a weak cement cover, and smaller cheek teeth. The material from Yulafli falls within the size range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEE9814BE5F14272640FCD3" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1832" class="Mammalia" family="Gomphotheriidae" genus="Mastodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEE9814BE5F14272640FCD3" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">T. longirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from late Miocene localities (Eppelsheim, Esselborn, Mannersdorf), which is clearly distinct from that of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEE9814BE851467269AFC12" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1832" class="Mammalia" family="Gomphotheriidae" genus="Mastodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEE9814BE851467269AFC12" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">T. longirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
−grandincisivoid form”–“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D49FFEE9814BFFE14442651FC33" baseAuthorityName="Schlesinger" baseAuthorityYear="1917" class="Mammalia" family="Gomphotheriidae" genus="Mastodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandincisivus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAD8FFEE9814BFFE14442651FC33" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">Mastodon” grandincisivus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |