256 lines
30 KiB
XML
256 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="2E91ADC739B0B30CC4ED76623C3F5D2B" ID-CLB-Dataset="53557" ID-DOI="10.5324/cjcr.v0i29.1981" ID-GBIF-Dataset="32960a2b-b80d-4761-876d-cb8293c33ad6" ID-ISSN="2387-5372" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7991695" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1685469422151" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ekrem, Torbjørn & Elisabeth Stur" docDate="2016" docId="039387A02028FF94FCD5F946DD1AFDA8" docLanguage="en" docName="ChiroJChiroRes.29.4-10.pdf" docOrigin="CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 29" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B21B57A70ED88EDAB7971C4BDED0DA62.1:ChiroJChiroRes.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="B21B57A70ED88EDAB7971C4BDED0DA62" docStyleName="ChiroJChiroRes.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Chironomus (Benthalia) hamatus Ekrem & Technology & Museum & History & Trondheim & Email 2016, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FFAAFFD82028FF96FFEDFFECDC77FF93" masterDocTitle="NEW COMBINATIONS OF AFROTROPICAL CHIRONOMINI (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) Abstract" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="4" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1699511452158" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
|
<mods:mods id="7676C34FB80DAEFED3E4230B4A4D63F9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="6E1A3E928884EB1AD6AF9AE6042E0259">
|
|
<mods:title id="0AC1AE57AC170CE678C918F7F6F4E790">NEW COMBINATIONS OF AFROTROPICAL CHIRONOMINI (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) Abstract</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="BF66A951A976ADE34BB595583AFECB39" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="8991F15B8F2B8B630CB6B6B7812B82FC">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="5D35A2A5077EE3166E4D38F6B8DBDDF5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="2AA136FA6C6B1E617E8586B70DE85FB6">Ekrem, Torbjørn</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="5689220788740DE8C0247E41A67F88E4">Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU University Museum, Department of Natural History, NO- 7491 Trondheim, Norway.</mods:affiliation>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BA64CCB5B96AF9F6EF3D2F84D50A52C3" type="email">torbjorn.ekrem@ntnu.no</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="09AE9EF5FA7FF7AE53A89E3006A12237" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="C6BA988FF320462D7659381B92BABE02">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="C82DB2DB888CF20508A9BD6FB4F9C34B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="AE52E6749818A0C7CEF9CD596662AAB8">Elisabeth Stur</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="8DD739447084316E6A5727367F56AFA7">Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU University Museum, Department of Natural History, NO- 7491 Trondheim, Norway.</mods:affiliation>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="83A9AA7D58EFD1F2EEF5F5758817D248" type="email">elisabeth.stur@ntnu.no</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="DBFB2B66F442455A4FAB24ADE1B1BCAF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="F4B21504980E58F3C8D2DE947D958A1E" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="09BFB405BE56F2B19F2BBDEA2E404F10">
|
|
<mods:title id="A820958B91AAB5C0B9A1356EB7B2C7D9">CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="9A9A389F3389F5CBD71CF1812A97C2D9">
|
|
<mods:date id="C154A97CC509949463B9B108C161B298">2016</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="6BF554F96A1D70D33B0F2FA76AC3534A" type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number id="7BEC13B9780A4073F75F40806932768C">2016-06-21</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="CAF105F6BFDD0BAFC7D925EAF372D75E" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="100059FE6DF401A52A4A87F28E544FB2">29</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="C34C80C647EB0A514EE9287DEC17E7FF" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="4FF3A51E2A834D215F0F996B7A2500C7">4</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="386D736D8950DE7B5A0BC6166A1844F3">10</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:classification id="B0FA610C5A40E9F0BD7016F7EF3A2B6F">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="9998AB934755F9FCB88053679DF98D7C" type="CLB-Dataset">53557</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="AF3739BE391871813C8F2AB856F43E8D" type="DOI">10.5324/cjcr.v0i29.1981</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="423D60B54C9EE663D68B7B1EEB99A1AE" type="GBIF-Dataset">32960a2b-b80d-4761-876d-cb8293c33ad6</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="BE8451E21036CFF6E005021EB692EFD2" type="ISSN">2387-5372</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="D7749EA07204E71E40571F88B65D4176" type="Zenodo-Dep">7991695</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="38DAD0662428A95AA8DDB92A54D07581" type="ZooBank">34577945-4965-42A4-A9D9-1AF78CE58181</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="039387A02028FF94FCD5F946DD1AFDA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7991697" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209664264" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7991697" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387A02028FF94FCD5F946DD1AFDA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387A02028FF94FCD5F946DD1AFDA8" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="4">
|
|
<subSubSection id="C320653D2028FF96FCD5F946DFA9F970" pageId="0" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8536B62028FF96FCD5F946DFA9F970" blockId="0.[824,1361,1706,1763]" pageId="0" pageNumber="4">
|
|
<heading id="D0CD81DA2028FF96FCD5F946DFA9F970" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42028FF96FCD5F946DFA9F970" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="4">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D352028FF96FCD5F946DF01F971" ID-CoL="8BGLJ" authority="(Freeman, 1957)" authorityName="Ekrem & Technology & Museum & History & Trondheim & Email" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Freeman" baseAuthorityYear="1957" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamatus" status="comb. nov." subGenus="Benthalia">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42028FF96FCD5F946DFB5F951" bold="true" box="[824,962,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="4">Chironomus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42028FF96FC32F946D83CF951" bold="true" box="[991,1099,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="4">Benthalia</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42028FF96FB85F946D8B0F951" bold="true" box="[1128,1223,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="4">hamatus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B472028FF96FB0EF946DF18F971" author="Freeman, P." pageId="0" pageNumber="4" pagination="321 - 426" refId="ref2733" refString="Freeman, P. 1957. A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part III. - Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 5: 321 - 426." type="journal article" year="1957">Freeman, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57DF2028FF96FC90F927DFA9F970" box="[893,990,1739,1763]" pageId="0" pageNumber="4" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C320653D2028FF96FCD5F916D85DF8A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8536B62028FF96FCD5F916D85DF8A1" blockId="0.[824,1360,1786,1842]" pageId="0" pageNumber="4">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42028FF96FCD5F916D85DF8A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="4">
|
|
http://zoobank.org/
|
|
<uuid id="FF9C0C632028FF96FBCFF916D85DF8A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="4">F9A669AB-EE75-4C5A-ABB5-C58DA7091109</uuid>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C320653D2028FF96FCD5F8A5D838F843" pageId="0" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8536B62028FF96FCD5F8A5DFDCF812" blockId="0.[824,1361,1865,1921]" pageId="0" pageNumber="4">
|
|
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2A11982028FF96FCD5F8A5DFDCF812" pageId="0" pageNumber="4">
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10A72028FF96FCD5F8A5DFD1F812" author="Freeman, P." page="355" pageId="0" pageNumber="4" year="1957">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D352028FF96FCD5F8A5DFD1F812" ID-CoL="8BGLJ" authority="Freeman, 1957: 355" authorityName="Freeman" authorityPageNumber="355" authorityYear="1957" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamatus" subGenus="Endochironomus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42028FF96FCD5F8A5DFCCF8F2" box="[824,955,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="4">Chironomus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42028FF96FC24F8A5D809F8F2" box="[969,1150,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="4">Endochironomus</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42028FF96FB60F8A5D890F8F2" box="[1165,1255,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="4">hamatus</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B472028FF96FB00F8A5DFD1F812" author="Freeman, P." pageId="0" pageNumber="4" pagination="321 - 426" refId="ref2733" refString="Freeman, P. 1957. A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part III. - Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 5: 321 - 426." type="journal article" year="1957">Freeman, 1957: 355</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8536B62028FF96FCD5F874D838F843" blockId="0.[824,1360,1944,2000]" pageId="0" pageNumber="4">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D352028FF96FCD5F874D97BF823" ID-CoL="39RCV" authority="(Freeman, 1957)" baseAuthorityName="Freeman" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[824,1292,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42028FF96FCD5F874D838F823" box="[824,1103,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="4">Endochironomus hamatus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B472028FF96FBB3F874D972F823" author="Freeman, P." box="[1118,1285,1944,1968]" pageId="0" pageNumber="4" pagination="321 - 426" refId="ref2733" refString="Freeman, P. 1957. A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part III. - Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 5: 321 - 426." type="journal article" year="1957">Freeman, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B472028FF96FAF5F874D83CF843" author="Freeman, P. & Cranston, P. S." pageId="0" pageNumber="4" pagination="175 - 202" refId="ref2852" refString="Freeman, P. and Cranston, P. S. 1980. II. Family Chironomidae. In Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), pp. 175 - 202." type="book chapter" year="1980">Freeman and Cranston (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C320653D2029FF97FF0EFF0FDD90FEA8" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8536B62029FF97FF0EFF0FDD90FEA8" blockId="1.[227,764,227,315]" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B523CEB2029FF97FF0EFF0FDD90FEA8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4121784304" collectingDate="1939-03-30" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="H. - J. Bredo" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" location="Elisabethville" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
|
Material examined: 1
|
|
<typeStatus id="548188142029FF97FE34FF08DE42FF6F" box="[473,565,228,252]" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD3F2029FF97FDADFF0FDE03FF68" box="[576,628,227,251]" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" type="male">male</specimenCount>
|
|
(
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE732029FF97FD6BFF0FDE86FF68" box="[646,753,227,251]" collectionName="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
|
),
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32D76262029FF97FF0EFEEFDE2FFE88" box="[227,600,259,283]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<location id="8EE5606D2029FF97FD8FFEEFDE80FE88" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387A02028FF94FCD5F946DD1AFDA8:8EE5606D2029FF97FD8FFEEFDE80FE88" box="[610,759,259,283]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Elisabethville" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">Elisabethville</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<date id="FF8410762029FF97FF0EFECFDD2FFEA8" box="[227,344,291,315]" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" value="1939-03-30">
|
|
<collectingDate id="EFC0E99E2029FF97FF0EFECFDD2FFEA8" box="[227,344,291,315]" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" value="1939-03-30">30.iii.1939</collectingDate>
|
|
</date>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectorName id="26CF53602029FF97FE89FEC8DD94FEA8" box="[356,483,291,315]" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">H.-J. Brédo</collectorName>
|
|
.
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C320653D2029FF94FF0EFEBEDD1AFDA8" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8536B62029FF97FF0EFEBEDFBEFDA8" blockId="1.[227,764,338,746]" lastBlockId="1.[824,1361,227,571]" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">
|
|
The examined male
|
|
<typeStatus id="548188142029FF97FE5AFEBFDE64FEF8" box="[439,531,339,363]" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
|
shows characters typical of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D352029FF97FEB0FE9EDD97FE19" box="[349,480,370,394]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42029FF97FEB0FE9EDD97FE19" box="[349,480,370,394]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">Chironomus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group of genera: antenna with 11 flagellomeres, medially fused antepronotal lobes, inferior volsella subcylindrical with dense apical setae. Unfortunately, the slide-mounted hypopygium (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13012A332029FF97FE8CFE1EDDA5FD99" box="[353,466,498,522]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[227,290,1969,1991]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,763,1955]" captionTargetId="figure-232@1.[227,1361,763,1955]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Chironomus (Benthalia) hamatus. Paratype male: a) gonocoxite and gonostylus (slightly crushed subapically); b) hypopygium remains; c) Head; d) Head section showing frontal tubercles and warts. Scale bars = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7991699" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7991699/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">Figs 1a, b</figureCitation>
|
|
) is quite distorted, but the almost parallel-sided gonostylus without subapical constriction, anal tergite bands that meet medially in front of and not encircling median tergite setae, and the shape of the superior volsella resembles what is known from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D352029FF97FE34FD7EDEE3FD39" authority="Lipina" authorityName="Lipina" authorityYear="1939" box="[473,660,658,682]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Benthalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42029FF97FE34FD7EDE36FD39" box="[473,577,658,682]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">Benthalia</emphasis>
|
|
Lipina
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B472029FF97FD45FD7EDD6FFD59" author="Shilova, A. I." pageId="1" pageNumber="5" pagination="162 - 191" refId="ref3131" refString="Shilova, A. I. 1980. K sistematike roda Einfeldia Kieffer (Diptera, Chironomidae). [On the systematics of the genus Einfeldia Kieffer (Diptera, Chironomidae)]. - Trudy Inst. Biol. vnutr. Vod Akad. Nauk SSSR 41: 162 - 191." type="journal article" year="1980">Shilova 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
|
sub
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D352029FF97FEBBFD5EDE80FD59" authority="(Meigen, 1804)" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[342,759,690,714]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Einfeldia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonaria">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42029FF97FEBBFD5EDE4BFD59" box="[342,572,690,714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">Einfeldia carbonaria</emphasis>
|
|
(Meigen, 1804)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B472029FF97FF0EFD3EDD06FD79" author="Saether, O. A." box="[227,369,722,746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref3290" refString="Saether, O. A. 2012. The Chironomus group (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Lake Winnipeg, Canada. - Zootaxa 3275: 1 - 19. DOI: http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / % 25 x" type="journal article" year="2012">Saether 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Moreover, the specimen has large barrel-shaped frontal tubercles (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13012A332029FF97FB7BFF0FD97FFF68" box="[1174,1288,227,251]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[227,290,1969,1991]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,763,1955]" captionTargetId="figure-232@1.[227,1361,763,1955]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Chironomus (Benthalia) hamatus. Paratype male: a) gonocoxite and gonostylus (slightly crushed subapically); b) hypopygium remains; c) Head; d) Head section showing frontal tubercles and warts. Scale bars = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7991699" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7991699/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">Figs 1c, d</figureCitation>
|
|
) characteristic of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D352029FF97FC2AFEEFD858FE88" authorityName="Lipina" authorityYear="1939" box="[967,1071,259,283]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Benthalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42029FF97FC2AFEEFD858FE88" box="[967,1071,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">Benthalia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B472029FF97FBAFFEEFD8AEFE88" author="Shilova, A. I." box="[1090,1241,259,283]" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" pagination="162 - 191" refId="ref3131" refString="Shilova, A. I. 1980. K sistematike roda Einfeldia Kieffer (Diptera, Chironomidae). [On the systematics of the genus Einfeldia Kieffer (Diptera, Chironomidae)]. - Trudy Inst. Biol. vnutr. Vod Akad. Nauk SSSR 41: 162 - 191." type="journal article" year="1980">Shilova 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, fig. 8A
|
|
<subScript id="17BE34F32029FF97FAD4FEFFD936FEB2" attach="left" box="[1337,1345,275,289]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">2</subScript>
|
|
). In addition there is a smaller pair of warts on the anterior part of vertex, dorsolaterally with respect to the frontal tubercles. A similar arrangement has been recorded for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D352029FF97FBECFE68DF06FE28" authority="Ekrem et al., 2003" authorityName="Ekrem" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epleri">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42029FF97FBECFE68D8CCFE08" box="[1025,1211,387,411]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">Tanytarsus epleri</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B472029FF97FB29FE6FDF06FE28" author="Ekrem, T. & Sublette, M. F. & Sublette, J. E." pageId="1" pageNumber="5" pagination="265 - 328" refId="ref2479" refString="Ekrem, T., Sublette, M. F. and Sublette, J. E. 2003. North American Tanytarsus I. Descriptions and keys to species in the eminulus, gregarius, lugens and mendax species groups (Diptera: Chironomidae). - Annals of the Entomological Society of America 96: 265 - 328. DOI: http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2003) 096 [0265: NATI DA] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">Ekrem et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. For this species the pupa has large frontal warts in addition to enlarged frontal tubercles (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B472029FF97FCD2FE0FD870FE68" author="Ekrem, T. & Sublette, M. F. & Sublette, J. E." box="[831,1031,483,507]" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" pagination="265 - 328" refId="ref2479" refString="Ekrem, T., Sublette, M. F. and Sublette, J. E. 2003. North American Tanytarsus I. Descriptions and keys to species in the eminulus, gregarius, lugens and mendax species groups (Diptera: Chironomidae). - Annals of the Entomological Society of America 96: 265 - 328. DOI: http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2003) 096 [0265: NATI DA] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">Ekrem et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), thus similar structures might be present in the unknown pupa of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D352029FF97FB23FDEFD926FD88" box="[1230,1361,515,539]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42029FF97FB23FDEFD926FD88" box="[1230,1361,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">Chironomus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D352029FF97FCD5FDCFDFB6FDA8" baseAuthorityName="Freeman" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[824,961,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamatus" subGenus="Benthalia">
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42029FF97FCACFDC8DF26FDA8" box="[833,849,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
|
|
.)
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42029FF97FC8AFDCFDFB6FDA8" box="[871,961,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">hamatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8536B62029FF94FCD5FDBEDD1AFDA8" blockId="1.[824,1361,594,746]" lastBlockId="2.[227,764,227,571]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">
|
|
Some authors regard
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D352029FF97FBDBFDBED8E9FDF9" authorityName="Lipina" authorityYear="1939" box="[1078,1182,594,618]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Benthalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42029FF97FBDBFDBED8E9FDF9" box="[1078,1182,594,618]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">Benthalia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
a separate genus (e.g.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B472029FF97FC4DFD9ED8D7FD19" author="Saether, O. A. & Spies, M." box="[928,1184,626,650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" refId="ref3336" refString="Saether, O. A. and Spies, M. 2013. Fauna Europaea: Chironomidae. In de Jong, H. and Pape, T. (Eds.) Fauna Europaea: Diptera: Nematocera. Fauna Europaea version 2.6.2, http: // www. fauna-eu. org /." type="url" year="2013">Saether and Spies 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B472029FF97FB41FD9FDF9BFD39" author="Yamamoto, M. & Yamamoto, N." pageId="1" pageNumber="5" pagination="237 - 362" refId="ref3391" refString="Yamamoto, M. and Yamamoto, N. 2014. Family Chironomidae. In Editorial Committee of Catalogue of the Insects of Japan (Ed.), Catalogue of the Insects of Japan. Volume 8 Diptera (Part 1 Nematocera - Brachycera Aschiza). Touka Shobo, pp. 237 - 362." type="book chapter" year="2014">Yamamoto and Yamamoto 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), while
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B472029FF97FBAFFD7ED971FD39" author="Epler, J. H. & Ekrem, T. & Cranston, P. S." box="[1090,1286,658,682]" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" pagination="387 - 556" refId="ref2571" refString="Epler, J. H., Ekrem, T. and Cranston, P. S. 2013. The larvae of Holarctic Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) - Keys and diagnoses. In Andersen, T., Cranston, P. S. and Epler, J. H. (Eds.) Chironomidae of the Holarctic Region - Keys and diagnoses. Scandinavian Entomology Ltd, pp. 387 - 556." type="book chapter" year="2013">Epler et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
regard
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D352029FF97FCD5FD5EDFD7FD59" authorityName="Lipina" authorityYear="1939" box="[824,928,690,714]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Benthalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42029FF97FCD5FD5EDFD7FD59" box="[824,928,690,714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">Benthalia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as possible subgenus of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D352029FF97FB23FD5EDFFEFD79" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42029FF97FB23FD5ED926FD59" box="[1230,1361,690,714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">Chironomus</emphasis>
|
|
Meigen
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
along with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D352029FF97FBE3FD3ED8C3FD79" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1924" box="[1038,1204,722,746]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Fleuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42029FF97FBE3FD3ED829FD79" box="[1038,1118,722,746]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">Fleuria</emphasis>
|
|
Kieffer
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D352029FF94FB2CFD3EDD46FF68" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Baeotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="6" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA42029FF97FB2CFD3ED926FD79" box="[1217,1361,722,746]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="5">Baeotendipes</emphasis>
|
|
Kieffer
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D35202AFF94FEA9FF0FDE51FF68" authority="Townes" authorityName="Townes" authorityYear="1945" box="[324,550,227,251]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chaetolabis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA4202AFF94FEA9FF0FDDB2FF68" box="[324,453,227,251]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Chaetolabis</emphasis>
|
|
Townes
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D35202AFF94FD87FF0FDEDDFE88" authority="Ryser, Wulker & Scholl. Molecular" authorityName="Ryser, Wulker & Scholl. Molecular" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Lobochironomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA4202AFF94FD87FF0FDD79FE88" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Lobochironomus</emphasis>
|
|
Ryser, Wülker & Scholl. Molecular
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
phylogenies are inconclusive for the group placement of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D35202AFF94FF0EFEAFDD3CFEC8" authorityName="Lipina" authorityYear="1939" box="[227,331,323,347]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Benthalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA4202AFF94FF0EFEAFDD3CFEC8" box="[227,331,323,347]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Benthalia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B47202AFF94FEB5FEAFDE61FEC8" author="Martin, J. & Blinov, A. & Alieva, E. & Hirabayashi, K." box="[344,534,323,347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" pagination="193 - 203" refId="ref2953" refString="Martin, J., Blinov, A., Alieva, E. and Hirabayashi, K. 2007. A molecular phylogenetic investigation of the genera closely related to Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae). In Andersen, T. (Ed.), Contributions to the Systematics and Ecology of Aquatic Diptera: A Tribute to Ole A. Saether. The Caddis Press, pp. 193 - 203." type="book chapter" year="2007">Martin et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
|
sub
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D35202AFF94FDA5FEAFDD32FEE8" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Lobochironomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissidens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA4202AFF94FDA5FEAFDD32FEE8" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Lobochironomus dissidens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D35202AFF94FE8BFE8FDE39FEE8" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[358,590,355,379]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Benthalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonaria">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA4202AFF94FE8BFE8FDE39FEE8" box="[358,590,355,379]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Benthalia carbonaria</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), but indicate a closer relationship to species in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D35202AFF94FDDAFE6FDECDFE08" box="[567,698,387,411]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA4202AFF94FDDAFE6FDECDFE08" box="[567,698,387,411]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Chironomus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57DF202AFF94FD2DFE68DD5EFE28" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
. Until conclusive data that are provided, preferably through molecular systematic studies with wide sampling of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D35202AFF94FE00FE0FDEBEFE68" box="[493,713,483,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA4202AFF94FE00FE0FDE07FE68" box="[493,624,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Chironomus</emphasis>
|
|
species
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and relatives, we regard
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D35202AFF94FE27FDEFDE45FD88" authorityName="Lipina" authorityYear="1939" box="[458,562,515,539]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Benthalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA4202AFF94FE27FDEFDE45FD88" box="[458,562,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Benthalia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a subgenus of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D35202AFF94FF0EFDCFDD11FDA8" box="[227,358,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94EEAA4202AFF94FF0EFDCFDD11FDA8" box="[227,358,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Chironomus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |