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<document id="5C35B36BCC76B412FA16E270D290EF6C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13210005" ID-ZooBank="C7F7E7D5-6F6E-49C8-AF31-9B769EC8B56C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1722788280951" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Orr, Albert G. W., Dow, Rory A. &amp; Steinhoff, Philip O. M." docDate="2024" docId="0393879EFFC2FFC8DBF74E3BFB357B2C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5486.2.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5486 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Libellago lineata" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="330" masterDocId="FFAAFFE6FFD8FFD5DB60480DFF897815" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of larvae of four mainly DNA barcode-matched species of chlorocyphids from south-east Asia (Odonata: Chlorocyphidae) with notes on the generic and species level larval identification of Oriental region members of the family." masterLastPageNumber="337" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="327" updateTime="1726085199428" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="0A5602AFD47318EB8C847252FECCFC03">Descriptions of larvae of four mainly DNA barcode-matched species of chlorocyphids from south-east Asia (Odonata: Chlorocyphidae) with notes on the generic and species level larval identification of Oriental region members of the family.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="948B1B87C2B76CA32B6D30FA8F77D145">Orr, Albert G. W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="74AA4E78C342D650C93A058034820989">Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="07E6AC4DDDF7F7E1BE1C02B459F6D038">Dow, Rory A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CC8F56AF8B39944EDE5E266069259EAF">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. &amp; Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C06D22F5EFFA69880498D0C614A30E58">Steinhoff, Philip O. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="86EF7E2E97C67E52F114A89170B5B9E6">Höxter, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="AFCBEA0E14B53CE605918D096596B58D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FC28983AB41B997E526864F5A44CB7BD">
<mods:date id="DEB3216690A8FF35AB3EE698FB8A7922">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5B6C0CFE978304DD01EACF4F4DFEC7CF">2024-07-26</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="E050D56F48455E8733286EE592F664D2" type="volume">
<mods:number id="51EF2E0FDF1D19CF6C3063B3B439D98A">5486</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FC0445F4A1C770C2FA033416479D0AAB">3</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="00021F0E2E7B3B21FC0BA7124A59B623">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.1</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="C1C7E6E0E722DED426C385D8731CB667" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1C79DD3DC163F22AF54553458A1165B8" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F263F2FFA3B7C937745CA8FE22F12710" type="Zenodo-Dep">13210005</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AA963E53955506A8ABD1896BAE0C417F" type="ZooBank">C7F7E7D5-6F6E-49C8-AF31-9B769EC8B56C</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0393879EFFC2FFC8DBF74E3BFB357B2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393879EFFC2FFC8DBF74E3BFB357B2C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393879EFFC2FFC8DBF74E3BFB357B2C" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
<subSubSection id="C3206503FFC2FFCFDBF74E3BFC0F7E45" box="[151,902,1590,1617]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B853688FFC2FFCFDBF74E3BFC0F7E45" blockId="26.[151,902,1590,1653]" box="[151,902,1590,1617]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
<heading id="D0CD81E4FFC2FFCFDBF74E3BFC0F7E45" bold="true" box="[151,902,1590,1617]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC2FFCFDBF74E3BFC0F7E45" bold="true" box="[151,902,1590,1617]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
Partial description of larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC2FFCFD9704E3BFC0F7E45" ID-CoL="6PX2S" authority="(Burmeister)" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" box="[528,902,1590,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC2FFCFD9704E3BFD547E44" bold="true" box="[528,733,1590,1617]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Libellago lineata</emphasis>
(Burmeister)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3206503FFC2FFCFDBF74E56FEC57E60" box="[151,332,1627,1653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B853688FFC2FFCFDBF74E56FEC57E60" blockId="26.[151,902,1590,1653]" box="[151,332,1627,1653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
(
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFDBFF4E56FF7C7E60" box="[159,245,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[244,1341,217,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[155,1433,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Prementum in dorsal view: (a) Heliocypha biseriata, (b) Aristocypha fenestrella, (c) Sundacypha petiolata, (d) Libellago hyalina, (e) Libellago lineata. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210023/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Figs 9e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFDA604E56FECD7E60" box="[256,324,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,181,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-22@28.[157,1431,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 19. (a–c) Libellago lineata (a) exuvia, (b) in natural habitat showing crypsis, (c) living larva, (d) Libellago aurantiaca in life. In b–d long setae and attached detritus on spikes and body just visible as halo as indicated by arrows; lack of marking at apex of pedicel also indicated in (c) and (d). Scales as indicated. Photos (a–c) taken in Pahang, Malaysia, courtesy of Choong Chee Yen, Photo (d) in Singapore, courtesy of Robin Ngiam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210043/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">19a–c</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3206503FFC2FFCFDBF74EAFFD2A7F80" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B853688FFC2FFCFDBF74EAFFD2A7F80" blockId="26.[151,1437,1698,2013]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC2FFCFDBF74EAFFE0D7EA9" bold="true" box="[151,388,1698,1724]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B523CD5FFC2FFCFDAEC4EAEFBCC7EF4" collectingDate="2003-03-20" collectorName="A. G. Orr" country="Thailand" county="Hang Dong" latitude="18.75333" location="Lanna Resort" longLatPrecision="526" longitude="98.88" municipality="Ban Pong" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Chiang Mai">
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD01FFC2FFCFDAEC4EAEFE317EA8" box="[396,440,1699,1725]" count="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
exuviae, Steam bank vegetation,
<location id="8EE56053FFC2FFCFD8574EAEFC5B7EA8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393879EFFC2FFC8DBF74E3BFB357B2C:8EE56053FFC2FFCFD8574EAEFC5B7EA8" box="[823,978,1699,1725]" country="Thailand" county="Hang Dong" latitude="18.75333" longLatPrecision="526" longitude="98.88" municipality="Ban Pong" name="Lanna Resort" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" stateProvince="Chiang Mai">Lanna Resort</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE1ACF2FFC2FFCFD8BE4EAEFBD97EA8" box="[990,1104,1699,1725]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Ban Pong</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62E44E04FFC2FFCFDF3C4EAEFB567EA8" box="[1116,1247,1699,1725]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Hang Dong</collectingCounty>
District,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF86AFFC2FFCFDE2B4EAEFF4E7EF4" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Chiang Mai</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF86AFFC2FFCFDBB34ECAFE4C7EF4" box="[211,453,1735,1761]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Chiang Mai Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D7618FFC2FFCFDAB14ECAFDBE7EF4" box="[465,567,1735,1761]" name="Thailand" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E504FFFC2FFCFD9234ECBFD4A7EF4" box="[579,707,1734,1761]" degrees="18.75333" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" precision="1" value="18.75333">18.75333N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E504FFFC2FFCFD9AE4ECAFCA87EF4" box="[718,801,1735,1761]" degrees="98.88" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" precision="555" value="98.88">98.88E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF841048FFC2FFCFD84D4ECAFC237EF4" box="[813,938,1735,1761]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" value="2003-03-20">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E9A0FFC2FFCFD84D4ECAFC237EF4" box="[813,938,1735,1761]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" value="2003-03-20">20 iii 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26CF535EFFC2FFCFD8D34ECAFB917EF4" box="[947,1048,1735,1761]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">A.G. Orr</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
. The identification is based on supposition but size and features of head, antennae and mouthparts and caudal spikes agree sufficiently closely with
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC2FFCFDBF74F02FE817F3C" box="[151,264,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC2FFCFDBF74F02FE817F3C" box="[151,264,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">L. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and confirmed photographs of this species (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFD98F4F02FCE27F3C" box="[751,875,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,181,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-22@28.[157,1431,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 19. (a–c) Libellago lineata (a) exuvia, (b) in natural habitat showing crypsis, (c) living larva, (d) Libellago aurantiaca in life. In b–d long setae and attached detritus on spikes and body just visible as halo as indicated by arrows; lack of marking at apex of pedicel also indicated in (c) and (d). Scales as indicated. Photos (a–c) taken in Pahang, Malaysia, courtesy of Choong Chee Yen, Photo (d) in Singapore, courtesy of Robin Ngiam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210043/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Figs 19b, c</figureCitation>
) that we may be sure of its identity.Also
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC2FFCFDE524F02FA157F3C" box="[1330,1436,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC2FFCFDE524F02FA157F3C" box="[1330,1436,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">L. lineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species in its genus recorded in that stream and in the whole of
<collectingRegion id="49FEF86AFFC2FFCFD8B24F3EFB4A7F58" box="[978,1219,1843,1869]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Chiang Mai province</collectingRegion>
. It is clearly not the syntopic but larger
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC2FFCFDA114F5AFCD07F64" authority="(Selys 1879)" baseAuthorityName="Selys" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[369,857,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Heliocypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="perforata" subSpecies="limbata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC2FFCFDA114F5AFD487F64" box="[369,705,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Heliocypha perforata limbata</emphasis>
(Selys 1879)
</taxonomicName>
, (
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC2FFCFD80F4F5AFB917F64" box="[879,1048,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
H. p.
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC2FFCFD8CE4F5AFB917F64" box="[942,1048,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Heliocypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">perforata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
was described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B79FFC2FFCFDF894F5AFAC77F64" author="Xu, Q. - H." box="[1257,1358,1878,1905]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" pagination="137 - 141" refId="ref15969" refString="Xu, Q. - H. (2015) Description of the final stadium larva of Heliocypha perforata perforata (Percheron), with discussion of the taxonomic characters of the larvae of the genus Heliocypha Fraser (Odonata: Zygoptera: Chlorocyphidae). Zootaxa, 3926 (1), 137 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3926.1.8" type="journal article" year="2015">Xu 2015</bibRefCitation>
), or
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC2FFCFDEE14F5AFF787F80" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Heliocypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biforata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC2FFCFDEE14F5AFF787F80" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">H. biforata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B79FFC2FFCFDAF74F76FD1F7F80" author="Kumar, A. &amp; Prasad, M." box="[407,662,1915,1941]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" pagination="547 - 554" refId="ref15440" refString="Kumar, A. &amp; Prasad, M. (1977) On the larvae of Rhinocypha (Odonata: Chlorocyphidae) from Garhwal hills. Oriental Insects, 11, 547 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1977.11090927" type="journal article" year="1977">Kumar &amp; Prasad 1977</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3206503FFC2FFC8DBA74F93FF7B7954" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B853688FFC2FFC8DBA74F93FF7B7954" blockId="26.[151,1437,1698,2013]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1437,151,825]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC2FFCFDBA74F93FEA67FAD" bold="true" box="[199,303,1950,1976]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Habitus:</emphasis>
The exuvia studied resembles closely the specimen depicted from
<collectingCountry id="F32D7618FFC2FFCFDF6E4F92FBFC7FAC" box="[1038,1141,1951,1977]" name="Malaysia" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFDFE34F92FB687FAC" box="[1155,1249,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,181,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-22@28.[157,1431,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 19. (a–c) Libellago lineata (a) exuvia, (b) in natural habitat showing crypsis, (c) living larva, (d) Libellago aurantiaca in life. In b–d long setae and attached detritus on spikes and body just visible as halo as indicated by arrows; lack of marking at apex of pedicel also indicated in (c) and (d). Scales as indicated. Photos (a–c) taken in Pahang, Malaysia, courtesy of Choong Chee Yen, Photo (d) in Singapore, courtesy of Robin Ngiam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210043/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Fig. 19a</figureCitation>
). It is impossible to determine the coloration due to adhering detritus but living specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F32D7618FFC2FFCFDF674FCEFBE77FC8" box="[1031,1134,1987,2013]" name="Malaysia" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFDF1C4FCEFB707FC8" box="[1148,1273,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,181,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-22@28.[157,1431,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 19. (a–c) Libellago lineata (a) exuvia, (b) in natural habitat showing crypsis, (c) living larva, (d) Libellago aurantiaca in life. In b–d long setae and attached detritus on spikes and body just visible as halo as indicated by arrows; lack of marking at apex of pedicel also indicated in (c) and (d). Scales as indicated. Photos (a–c) taken in Pahang, Malaysia, courtesy of Choong Chee Yen, Photo (d) in Singapore, courtesy of Robin Ngiam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210043/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Figs 19b, c</figureCitation>
) are both very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC5FFC8DA6E489AFE0B78A4" box="[270,386,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC5FFC8DA6E489AFE0B78A4" box="[270,386,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">L. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the form of the head, antennae and caudal spikes but the legs are obviously shorter, the hind femur reaching the middle of S6 (mid S
<quantity id="4CC29B6DFFC5FFC8D9F148B6FD3478C0" box="[657,701,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC5FFC8D9A548B6FCBE78C0" box="[709,823,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC5FFC8D9A548B6FCBE78C0" box="[709,823,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">L. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the abdomen slightly more elongate. The caudal spikes are about 55% of the body length, significantly shorter than in
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC5FFC8D8CB48D2FB9478EC" box="[939,1053,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC5FFC8D8CB48D2FB9478EC" box="[939,1053,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">L. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but of nearly identical form. The coloration is unusually dark, especially on the mid and hind tibiae, but the tip of the pedicel is unmarked, as in
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC5FFC8DEE6490EFF627954" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC5FFC8DEE6490EFF627954" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">L. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF456600FFC3FFCEDBF74F9AFE337FC6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210041" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13210041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210041/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" startId="27.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[191,1381,197,1917]" targetPageId="27" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B853688FFC3FFCEDBF74F9AFE337FC6" blockId="27.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC3FFCEDBF74F9AFEA87FBA" bold="true" box="[151,289,1943,1967]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
Caudal spikes scaled in proportion to overall body length: (a)
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC3FFCED8C44F95FB977FA5" box="[932,1054,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Heliocypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC3FFCED8C44F95FB977FA5" box="[932,1054,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">H. biseriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (b)
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC3FFCEDF304F95FB457FA5" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1104,1228,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Aristocypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenstrella">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC3FFCEDF304F95FB457FA5" box="[1104,1228,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">A. fenstrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (c)
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC3FFCEDF9D4F95FAF87FA5" box="[1277,1393,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Sundacypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petiolata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC3FFCEDF9D4F95FAF87FA5" box="[1277,1393,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">S. petiolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (d)
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC3FFCEDBF74FB1FF777FC1" box="[151,254,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC3FFCEDBF74FB1FF777FC1" box="[151,254,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">L. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bars 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF456600FFC4FFC9DBF74F78FC897FEC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210043" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13210043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210043/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" startId="28.[151,250,1909,1933]" targetBox="[157,1431,181,1848]" targetPageId="28" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B853688FFC4FFC9DBF74F78FC897FEC" blockId="28.[151,1436,1909,2041]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC4FFC9DBF74F78FE967F98" bold="true" box="[151,287,1909,1933]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
(a–c)
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC4FFC9DA3E4F78FD837F98" box="[350,522,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC4FFC9DA3E4F78FD837F98" box="[350,522,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Libellago lineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(a) exuvia, (b) in natural habitat showing crypsis, (c) living larva, (d)
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC4FFC9DFA64F78FA157F98" box="[1222,1436,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC4FFC9DFA64F78FA157F98" box="[1222,1436,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Libellago aurantiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in life. In b–d long setae and attached detritus on spikes and body just visible as halo as indicated by arrows; lack of marking at apex of pedicel also indicated in (c) and (d). Scales as indicated. Photos (a–c) taken in Pahang, Malaysia, courtesy of Choong Chee Yen, Photo (d) in Singapore, courtesy of Robin Ngiam.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3206503FFC5FFC8DBA74947FB6979E0" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B853688FFC5FFC8DBA74947FB6979E0" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC5FFC8DBA74947FED17970" bold="true" box="[199,344,330,357]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC5FFC8DBA74947FEC77970" bold="true" box="[199,334,330,357]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Mouthparts</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
prementum (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC5FFC8DA944946FDCE7970" box="[500,583,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[244,1341,217,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[155,1433,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Prementum in dorsal view: (a) Heliocypha biseriata, (b) Aristocypha fenestrella, (c) Sundacypha petiolata, (d) Libellago hyalina, (e) Libellago lineata. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210023/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Fig. 9e</figureCitation>
) similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC5FFC8D8464946FC127970" box="[806,923,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC5FFC8D8464946FC127970" box="[806,923,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">L. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC5FFC8D8CD4946FB8B7970" box="[941,1026,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[244,1341,217,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[155,1433,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Prementum in dorsal view: (a) Heliocypha biseriata, (b) Aristocypha fenestrella, (c) Sundacypha petiolata, (d) Libellago hyalina, (e) Libellago lineata. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210023/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Fig. 9d</figureCitation>
) but distinctly shorter and broader; Lateral margins with slightly more extensive recurved spines interspersed with short setae; Anterior median lobe less produced and median cleft shorter terminating in a small, open nearly circular aperture, as in
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC5FFC8DF86499EFAE479B8" box="[1254,1389,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Heliocypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC5FFC8DF86499EFAE479B8" box="[1254,1389,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">H. biseriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and also illustrated for
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC5FFC8DA0D49BAFE5379C4" box="[365,474,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC5FFC8DA0D49BAFE5379C4" box="[365,474,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">L. lineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B79FFC5FFC8D96649BAFD2879C4" author="Fraser, F. C." box="[518,673,439,465]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" pagination="197 - 198" refId="ref15102" refString="Fraser, F. C. (1919) The larva of Micromerus lineatus. Records of the Indian Museum, 16, 197 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 16 / i 2 / 1919 / 162807" type="journal article" year="1919">Fraser (1919)</bibRefCitation>
. Labial palps very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC5FFC8D88E49BAFBE879C4" box="[1006,1121,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC5FFC8D88E49BAFBE879C4" box="[1006,1121,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">L. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but inner (lower) branch of palpal lobe not strongly hooked. Maxillae and mandibles not noticeably different from
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC5FFC8DF0749D6FB6979E0" box="[1127,1248,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC5FFC8DF0749D6FB5579E0" box="[1127,1244,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">L. hyalina</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3206503FFC5FFC8DBA749F2FB357B2C" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B853688FFC5FFC8DBA749F2FB357B2C" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC5FFC8DBA749F2FEB47A0C" bold="true" box="[199,317,511,537]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Remarks:</emphasis>
A partial examination of this species both confirms and augments earlier descriptions (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B79FFC5FFC8DE6E49F2FA117A0C" author="Fraser, F. C." box="[1294,1432,511,537]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" pagination="197 - 198" refId="ref15102" refString="Fraser, F. C. (1919) The larva of Micromerus lineatus. Records of the Indian Museum, 16, 197 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 16 / i 2 / 1919 / 162807" type="journal article" year="1919">Fraser 1919</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B79FFC5FFC8DBF74A2EFF5A7A28" author="Fraser, F. C." box="[151,211,547,573]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" pagination="683 - 691" refId="ref15149" refString="Fraser, F. C. (1928) Indian dragonflies, Part XXX. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 32, 683 - 691." type="journal article" year="1928">1928</bibRefCitation>
), and gives some insight into which characters may show intrageneric variation and which might distinguish
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC5FFC8DBF74A4AFE8B7A74" box="[151,258,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC5FFC8DBF74A4AFE8B7A74" box="[151,258,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Libellago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other genera. It is evident that the shape of the prementum varies significantly among congeners, and hence might be less useful than might be wished in distinguishing genera generally. However the caudal spikes are the same general form in
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC5FFC8DAD24A82FDAA7ABC" box="[434,547,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC5FFC8DAD24A82FDAA7ABC" box="[434,547,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">L. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC5FFC8D9524A82FD197ABC" box="[562,656,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1381,197,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-18@27.[189,1399,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 18. Caudal spikes scaled in proportion to overall body length: (a) H. biseriata, (b) A. fenstrella, (c) S. petiolata, (d) L. hyalina. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210041/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Fig. 18d</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC5FFC8D9AE4A82FCB07ABC" box="[718,825,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC5FFC8D9AE4A82FCB07ABC" box="[718,825,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">L. lineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC5FFC8D8284A82FC2C7ABC" box="[840,933,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,181,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-22@28.[157,1431,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 19. (a–c) Libellago lineata (a) exuvia, (b) in natural habitat showing crypsis, (c) living larva, (d) Libellago aurantiaca in life. In b–d long setae and attached detritus on spikes and body just visible as halo as indicated by arrows; lack of marking at apex of pedicel also indicated in (c) and (d). Scales as indicated. Photos (a–c) taken in Pahang, Malaysia, courtesy of Choong Chee Yen, Photo (d) in Singapore, courtesy of Robin Ngiam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210043/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Fig. 19c</figureCitation>
) although relatively shorter. In
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC5FFC8DE644A82FA157ABD" box="[1284,1436,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC5FFC8DE644A82FA157ABD" box="[1284,1436,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">L. aurantiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC5FFC8DBFF4ABEFE887AD8" box="[159,257,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,181,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-22@28.[157,1431,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 19. (a–c) Libellago lineata (a) exuvia, (b) in natural habitat showing crypsis, (c) living larva, (d) Libellago aurantiaca in life. In b–d long setae and attached detritus on spikes and body just visible as halo as indicated by arrows; lack of marking at apex of pedicel also indicated in (c) and (d). Scales as indicated. Photos (a–c) taken in Pahang, Malaysia, courtesy of Choong Chee Yen, Photo (d) in Singapore, courtesy of Robin Ngiam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210043/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Fig. 19d</figureCitation>
) they are relatively much shorter but still of the same general form, suggesting that shape, rather than relative length is a reliable generic character. The other distinctive feature shared by all three known species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC5FFC8DBF74AF6FE8B7B00" box="[151,258,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC5FFC8DBF74AF6FE8B7B00" box="[151,258,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Libellago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae, and not known in any other chlorocyphid, is the lack of apical pigmentation on the pedicel (
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC5FFC8DEE64AF6FF627B2C" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC5FFC8DEE64AF6FF627B2C" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">L. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see above;
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC5FFC8DA164B12FE687B2C" box="[374,481,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC5FFC8DA164B12FE687B2C" box="[374,481,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">L. lineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC5FFC8D9734B12FD067B2D" box="[531,655,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,181,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-22@28.[157,1431,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 19. (a–c) Libellago lineata (a) exuvia, (b) in natural habitat showing crypsis, (c) living larva, (d) Libellago aurantiaca in life. In b–d long setae and attached detritus on spikes and body just visible as halo as indicated by arrows; lack of marking at apex of pedicel also indicated in (c) and (d). Scales as indicated. Photos (a–c) taken in Pahang, Malaysia, courtesy of Choong Chee Yen, Photo (d) in Singapore, courtesy of Robin Ngiam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210043/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
Fig. 19c,
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC5FFC8D91C4B12FD067B2D" box="[636,655,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC5FFC8D91C4B12FD067B2D" box="[636,655,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">L</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</figureCitation>
. aurantiaca see
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC5FFC8D8274B12FC2D7B2C" box="[839,932,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[158,1439,262,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-44@24.[149,1439,237,1940]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Female gonapophyses and terminal abdominal segments in ventral view: (a) H. biseriata, (b) S. petiolata, (c) L. hyalina, and in lateral view: (d) H. biseriata, (e) L. hyalina, (f) S. petiolata. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210037/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Fig. 16d</figureCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B79FFC5FFC8D8BA4B12FB387B2C" author="Ngiam, W. J. &amp; Ng, M. F." box="[986,1201,799,825]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" refId="ref15718" refString="Ngiam, W. J. &amp; Ng, M. F. (2022) A photographic field guide to the dragonflies &amp; damselflies of Singapore. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 340 pp." type="book" year="2022">Ngiam &amp; Ng 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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