treatments-xml/data/03/92/87/039287D5FFEB972C5E0A1909FE306D4A.xml

<document id="F030615E4663010520A5B5B5CBA99D3B" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.801.1685" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9e07b749-7497-4b4e-8168-2aca6a9543b2" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6358810" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1647349194074" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Block, Petra De" docDate="2022" docId="039287D5FFEB972C5E0A1909FE306D4A" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-801_1-99.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 801" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.801.1685" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Paracephaelis grandifructa De Block 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FFABFFADFFC797035C021D07FF82686F" masterDocTitle="Monograph of the western Indian Ocean genus Paracephaelis (Rubiaceae - Pavetteae), with description of thirteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1733401495919" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="2E1C9DCA6F1938D26DA75A0105E405B8">Monograph of the western Indian Ocean genus Paracephaelis (Rubiaceae - Pavetteae), with description of thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="00B8F31DAE2448685D2627FDDEE6FDFE">Block, Petra De</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="977E026D1EBF4663B4813CA27C29AC84">Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, BE- 1860 Meise, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="5CBB750A4B76CA6B3752740E3ED842C7">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="21B507376A8C7DD8A853B01FA0E67FA8">2022</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C3216548FFEB972F5E0A1909FBAE6C46" box="[520,1068,1038,1065]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEB972F5E0A1909FBAE6C46" blockId="44.[520,1068,1038,1137]" box="[520,1068,1038,1065]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<heading id="D0CC81AFFFEB972F5E0A1909FBAE6C46" box="[520,1068,1038,1065]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEB972F5E0A1909FC486C46" authority="De Block" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[520,970,1038,1065]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifructa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEB972F5E0A1909FCD16C46" bold="true" box="[520,851,1038,1065]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Paracephaelis grandifructa</emphasis>
De Block
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFEB972F5FD01908FBAE6C46" box="[978,1068,1039,1065]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3216548FFEB972F5E451934FCD16C1E" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEB972F5E451934FC6F6C22" blockId="44.[520,1068,1038,1137]" box="[583,1005,1075,1101]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77260709-1</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEB972F5EE21950FCD16C1E" blockId="44.[520,1068,1038,1137]" box="[736,851,1111,1137]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<figureCitation id="13002A46FFEB972F5EE21950FCA86C1E" box="[736,810,1111,1137]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[209,1382,456,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-60@13.[189,1398,440,1748]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 3. Seed and seed-coat of Paracephaelis grandifructa De Block sp. nov. A. Lateral view of seed, showing the elongate, shallow hilum. B. Transverse section through seed, showing embryo sac. C. Longitudinal section through seed, showing embryo sac and embryo. D. Seed-coat in surface view. E. Section through seed-coat on the abaxial side of the seed, showing plate-like thickenings along outer tangential and lateral walls of the exotesta cells. F. Section through seed-coat in the region of the hilum, showing elongation of the exotesta cells. Drawn by Mr A. Fernandez. From Solo &amp; Randrianasolo 25. Abbreviations: en = endosperm; ent = endotesta; ext = exotesta; h = hilum; pl = placenta; sc = seed-coat." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6358822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6358822/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13002A46FFEB972F5F351950FCD16C1E" box="[823,851,1111,1137]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="46.[190,233,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[204,1361,473,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-67@46.[189,1398,460,1887]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Fig. 11. Paracephaelis grandifructa De Block sp. nov. A. Flowering branch. B. Stipules. C. Bracteole, ovary and calyx. D. Fruit. Drawn by Mr A. Fernandez. From Rakotonasolo et al. 700 (A–C) and Solo &amp; Randrianasolo 25 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6358838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6358838/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">11</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3216548FFEB972F5CBF199EFA966D1B" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEB972F5CBF199EFEB46CDC" blockId="44.[189,310,1177,1203]" box="[189,310,1177,1203]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEB972F5CBF199EFEB46CDC" bold="true" box="[189,310,1177,1203]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEB972F5CBF19CFFA966D1B" blockId="44.[187,1400,1224,1396]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Differing from 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEB972F5D6919CFFD236C8D" authority="Block, 2022" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[363,673,1224,1250]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capitulifera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEB972F5D6919CFFD236C8D" box="[363,673,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Paracephaelis capitulifera</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFEB972F5EA719CEFD7F6C8C" box="[677,765,1225,1251]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by having larger fruits (15–20 × 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEB972F587719CFFB726C8C" box="[1141,1264,1224,1251]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 mm</quantity>
vs 10–13 × 
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), hair tuft domatia (vs domatia absent), stipules with acute tips or more rarely acuminate with awn up to 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEB972F5D7E1817FE5A6D44" box="[380,472,1296,1323]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long (vs acuminate with needle-like awn 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEB972F5FCC1817FBC76D44" box="[974,1093,1296,1323]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–4 mm</quantity>
long), longer calyx tubes (
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vs 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEB972F5D7A1832FE586D20" box="[376,474,1333,1359]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="3.0">3–8 mm</quantity>
long), shorter bracteoles (
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long, with acute tips vs 
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long, with acuminate tips), and calyx lobes with rounded to obtuse tips (vs acuminate, reflexed tips).
</paragraph>
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<heading id="D0CC81AFFFEB972F5CBF189CFEC66DDA" bold="true" box="[189,324,1435,1461]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEB972F5CBF189CFEC66DDA" bold="true" box="[189,324,1435,1461]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEB972F5CBF18CDFD726D8B" blockId="44.[189,752,1482,1509]" box="[189,752,1482,1509]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">The species epithet is based on the robust fruits.</paragraph>
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material
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</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEB972F5CBF1B3BFB886EAC" blockId="44.[189,1398,1596,1731]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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– 
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, 
<collectingRegion id="49FFF821FFEB972F5ED61B3BFC5D6E39" box="[724,991,1596,1622]" country="Madagascar" name="Analanjirofo Region" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Analanjirofo Region</collectingRegion>
, 
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</emphasis>
• 
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, fkt. 
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, suivant la piste vers 
<location id="8EE46018FFEB972F5F5B1B67FB366E15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFEB972C5E0A1909FE306D4A:8EE46018FFEB972F5F5B1B67FB366E15" box="[857,1204,1632,1658]" country="Madagascar" name="Ambodimanga Sahavalanana" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Toamasina Province">Ambodimanga Sahavalanana</location>
, à environ 
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de vol d’oiseau SE
</locationDeviation>
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; 
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<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEB972F5ED81B83FCA76EF0" box="[730,805,1668,1695]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.34" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="834.0">834 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
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; 
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<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFEB972F5F751B83FB926EF1" box="[887,1040,1668,1694]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2007-07-21">21 Jul. 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
; fr; 
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<collectorName id="26CE5315FFEB972F58411B83FB616EF1" box="[1091,1251,1668,1694]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ravelonarivo</collectorName>
et al. 2570
</emphasis>
; 
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: 
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;
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: 
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], 
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[
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEB972F5CBF1BEDFE596F6B" blockId="44.[189,475,1770,1796]" box="[189,475,1770,1796]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<heading id="D0CC81AFFFEB972F5CBF1BEDFE596F6B" bold="true" box="[189,475,1770,1796]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEB972F5CBF1BEDFE596F6B" bold="true" box="[189,475,1770,1796]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Other material studied</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEB972E5CBF1A1DFAF26A73" blockId="44.[187,1399,1818,2025]" lastBlockId="45.[187,1399,265,541]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFEB972F5CBF1A1DFCDF6F12" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276603" collectingDate="1997-02-15" collectionCode="MO" collectorName="Andriatsiferana" country="Madagascar" county="Alaotra-Mangoro Region, Moramanga District" elevation="975" location="Moramanga" municipality="Moramanga" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toamasina Province">
<collectingCountry id="F32C7653FFEB972F5CBF1A1DFE176F5B" box="[189,405,1818,1844]" name="Madagascar" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
– 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEB972F5DB71A1DFA8C6F5B" bold="true" box="[437,1294,1818,1844]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<collectingRegion id="49FFF821FFEB972F5DB71A1DFD366F5B" box="[437,692,1818,1844]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Toamasina Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62E54E4FFFEB972F5EC31A1DFA8C6F5B" box="[705,1294,1818,1844]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Alaotra-Mangoro Region, Moramanga District</collectingCounty>
</emphasis>
• 
<collectingCounty id="62E54E4FFFEB972F592B1A1DFE146F37" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Phelps Dodge project site</collectingCounty>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A362FE1FFEB972F5DA31A38FDE36F36" box="[417,609,1854,1881]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">ca 15 air-km NE</locationDeviation>
of 
<location id="8EE46018FFEB972F5E851A38FC9A6F36" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFEB972C5E0A1909FE306D4A:8EE46018FFEB972F5E851A38FC9A6F36" box="[647,792,1855,1881]" country="Madagascar" county="Alaotra-Mangoro Region, Moramanga District" municipality="Moramanga" name="Moramanga" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Toamasina Province">Moramanga</location>
, ca 
<locationDeviation id="9A362FE1FFEB972F5F461A39FC266F36" box="[836,932,1854,1881]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEB972F5F461A39FC096F37" box="[836,907,1854,1880]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
E
</locationDeviation>
of 
<location id="8EE46018FFEB972F5FCB1A39FBE06F37" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFEB972C5E0A1909FE306D4A:8EE46018FFEB972F5FCB1A39FBE06F37" box="[969,1122,1854,1880]" country="Madagascar" county="Alaotra-Mangoro Region, Moramanga District" municipality="Moramanga" name="Antanambao" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Toamasina Province">Antanambao</location>
, 
<location id="8EE46018FFEB972F58691A39FAA06F37" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFEB972C5E0A1909FE306D4A:8EE46018FFEB972F58691A39FAA06F37" box="[1131,1314,1854,1880]" country="Madagascar" county="Alaotra-Mangoro Region, Moramanga District" municipality="Moramanga" name="Ambatovy-Sud" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Toamasina Province">Ambatovy-Sud</location>
; 
<elevation id="0016D1F0FFEB972F592F1A39FF746F13" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="975.0">
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEB972F592F1A39FAF56F36" box="[1325,1399,1854,1881]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="975.0">975 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<date id="FF851003FFEB972F5D001A65FE1F6F13" box="[258,413,1890,1917]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1997-02-15">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFEB972F5D001A65FE1F6F13" box="[258,413,1890,1917]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1997-02-15">15 Feb. 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
; fl; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEB972F5DC51A65FC806F13" box="[455,770,1890,1916]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFEB972F5DC51A65FD036F13" box="[455,641,1890,1916]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Andriatsiferana</collectorName>
et al. 2148
</emphasis>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE06FFEB972F5F121A65FCC06F13" box="[784,834,1890,1916]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
, P
</materialsCitation>
. – 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFEB972F5F7E1A65FBDE6FAB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276663" collectingDate="2003-12-14" collectionCode="BR, TAN" collectorName="Rakotonasolo &amp; Beentje &amp; Ralimanana &amp; Rakotoarinivo" country="Madagascar" county="Analanjirofo Region, Soanierana-Ivongo District" elevation="520" location="Ambatovaky" municipality="Iampirano" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toamasina">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEB972F5F7E1A65FE9E6FCF" bold="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<collectingCounty id="62E54E4FFFEB972F5F7E1A65FE9E6FCF" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Analanjirofo Region, Soanierana-Ivongo District</collectingCounty>
</emphasis>
• 
<collectingCounty id="62E54E4FFFEB972F5D351A81FE3C6FCF" box="[311,446,1926,1952]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Andapafito</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACB9FFEB972F5DC91A81FDCA6FCF" box="[459,584,1926,1952]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Iampirano</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EE46018FFEB972F5E511A81FD6E6FCF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFEB972C5E0A1909FE306D4A:8EE46018FFEB972F5E511A81FD6E6FCF" box="[595,748,1926,1952]" country="Madagascar" county="Analanjirofo Region, Soanierana-Ivongo District" municipality="Iampirano" name="Ambatovaky" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Toamasina">Ambatovaky</location>
RS, 
<locationDeviation id="9A362FE1FFEB972F5F281A81FC7D6FCF" box="[810,1023,1926,1952]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEB972F5F281A81FCEA6FCF" box="[810,872,1926,1952]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="km" value="4.0">
<locationDeviation id="9A362FE1FFEB972F5F281A81FCEA6FCF" box="[810,872,1926,1952]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</locationDeviation>
</quantity>
S of village
</locationDeviation>
; 
<elevation id="0016D1F0FFEB972F580F1A81FB1E6FCF" box="[1037,1180,1926,1953]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="520.0">
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEB972F580F1A81FBDB6FCE" box="[1037,1113,1926,1953]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="520.0">
<elevation id="0016D1F0FFEB972F580F1A81FBDB6FCE" box="[1037,1113,1926,1953]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="520.0">520 m</elevation>
</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<date id="FF851003FFEB972F58A91A81FAD26FCF" box="[1195,1360,1926,1953]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2003-12-14">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFEB972F58A91A81FAD26FCF" box="[1195,1360,1926,1953]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2003-12-14">14 Dec. 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
; fl; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEB972F5CBF1AADFCD06FAB" box="[189,850,1962,1989]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFEB972F5CBF1AADFEDD6FAB" box="[189,351,1962,1988]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Rakotonasolo</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFEB972F5D6B1AACFE406FAB" box="[361,450,1963,1988]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Beentje</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFEB972F5DCF1AADFDD96FAB" box="[461,603,1962,1988]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ralimanana</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFEB972F5E7E1AADFCA36FAB" box="[636,801,1962,1988]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Rakotoarinivo</collectorName>
700
</emphasis>
; BR, K, P online, TAN
</materialsCitation>
. – 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFEB972E587B1AADFB47694C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276371" collectingDate="2004-07-15" collectionCode="MO" collectorName="Andriamihajarivo &amp; Ratovoson &amp; Andrianjafisoa &amp; Rapaoly" country="Madagascar" county="Vavatenina District" elevation="697" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" location="Moango" municipality="Ambatoharanana" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toamasina">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEB972F587B1AADFAE46FAB" bold="true" box="[1145,1382,1962,1988]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<collectingCounty id="62E54E4FFFEB972F587B1AADFAE46FAB" box="[1145,1382,1962,1988]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Vavatenina District</collectingCounty>
</emphasis>
• 
<collectingCounty id="62E54E4FFFEB972F5CB91AC9FEB56F87" box="[187,311,1998,2024]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ambohibe</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACB9FFEB972F5D3D1AC9FD846F87" box="[319,518,1998,2024]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ambatoharanana</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EE46018FFEB972F5E121AC8FDF16F86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFEB972C5E0A1909FE306D4A:8EE46018FFEB972F5E121AC8FDF16F86" box="[528,627,1999,2025]" country="Madagascar" county="Vavatenina District" municipality="Ambatoharanana" name="Moango" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Toamasina">Moango</location>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A362FE1FFEB972F5E7E1AC9FC616F87" box="[636,995,1998,2025]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">le long de la piste vers Antevibe</locationDeviation>
, 
<location id="8EE46018FFEB972F5FEF1AC9FBE76F87" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFEB972C5E0A1909FE306D4A:8EE46018FFEB972F5FEF1AC9FBE76F87" box="[1005,1125,1998,2024]" country="Madagascar" county="Vavatenina District" municipality="Ambatoharanana" name="Zahamena" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Toamasina">Zahamena</location>
PN; 
<elevation id="0016D1F0FFEB972F589E1AC9FAA36F87" box="[1180,1313,1998,2025]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.97" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="697.0">
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEB972F589E1AC9FB676F86" box="[1180,1253,1998,2025]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.97" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="697.0">697 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<date id="FF851003FFEB972E592E1AC9FF79694C" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2004-07-15">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFEB972E592E1AC9FF79694C" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2004-07-15">15 Jul. 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
; fr; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEA972E5D2A1C0EFC7A694C" box="[296,1016,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFEA972E5D2A1C0EFE7F694C" box="[296,509,265,291]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Andriamihajarivo</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFEA972E5E0A1C0DFD05694C" box="[520,647,266,291]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ratovoson</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFEA972E5E931C0EFCBD694C" box="[657,831,265,291]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Andrianjafisoa</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFEA972E5F661C0EFC44694C" box="[868,966,265,291]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Rapaoly</collectorName>
309
</emphasis>
; K, MO, P online
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFEA972E58DE1C0DFB976928" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276754" collectingDate="1958-01-16" collectionCode="TEF" collectorName="Ramarokoto" country="Madagascar" county="Vavatenina District" location="Sahatavy" municipality="Beranomaso" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toamasina">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACB9FFEA972E58DE1C0DFAF0694B" box="[1244,1394,266,292]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Beranomaso</collectingMunicipality>
, fir. 
<location id="8EE46018FFEA972E5CEB1C2AFEDE6928" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFEB972C5E0A1909FE306D4A:8EE46018FFEA972E5CEB1C2AFEDE6928" box="[233,348,301,327]" country="Madagascar" county="Vavatenina District" municipality="Beranomaso" name="Sahatavy" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Toamasina">Sahatavy</location>
; 
<date id="FF851003FFEA972E5D6E1C2BFD926928" box="[364,528,300,327]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1958-01-16">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFEA972E5D6E1C2BFD926928" box="[364,528,300,327]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1958-01-16">16 Jan. 1958</collectingDate>
</date>
; fl; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEA972E5E471C2AFCD36929" box="[581,849,300,327]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFEA972E5E471C2AFD5B6928" box="[581,729,301,327]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ramarokoto</collectorName>
9466-RN
</emphasis>
; P online, 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE06FFEA972E5FDC1C2AFB976928" box="[990,1045,301,327]" country="Madagascar" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12774" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12774" name="Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Developement Rural" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">TEF</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
. – 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFEA972E583C1C2BFEBD69DE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276368" collectingDate="1999-01-21" collectorName="Messmer &amp; Andriatsiferana" country="Madagascar" county="Vakinankaratra Region, Ambatolampy District" elevation="1450" location="foret d'Ankilahila" municipality="d'Ankilahila" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antananarivo Province">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEA972E583C1C2BFC936905" bold="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<collectingRegion id="49FFF821FFEA972E583C1C2BFAF36929" box="[1086,1393,300,326]" country="Madagascar" name="Antananarivo" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Antananarivo Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62E54E4FFFEA972E5CBF1C57FC936905" box="[189,785,336,362]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Vakinankaratra Region, Ambatolampy District</collectingCounty>
</emphasis>
• 
<locationDeviation id="9A362FE1FFEA972E5F2C1C57FBF26905" box="[814,1136,336,362]" location="Tsinjoarivo" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5F2C1C57FC0D6905" box="[814,911,336,362]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6199999999999999" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="km" value="16.2">16.2 km</quantity>
SE de Tsinjoarivo
</locationDeviation>
, 
<location id="8EE46018FFEA972E587E1C57FAD16905" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFEB972C5E0A1909FE306D4A:8EE46018FFEA972E587E1C57FAD16905" box="[1148,1363,336,362]" country="Madagascar" county="Vakinankaratra Region, Ambatolampy District" municipality="d'Ankilahila" name="foret d'Ankilahila" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Antananarivo Province">forêt d’Ankilahila</location>
, 
<location id="8EE46018FFEA972E59631C57FDE069E1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFEB972C5E0A1909FE306D4A:8EE46018FFEA972E59631C57FDE069E1" country="Madagascar" county="Vakinankaratra Region, Ambatolampy District" municipality="d'Ankilahila" name="le long de la riviere d'Andrindrimbola" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Antananarivo Province">le long de la rivière d’Andrindrimbola</location>
; 
<elevation id="0016D1F0FFEA972E5E6F1C73FC8669E1" box="[621,772,372,399]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1450.0">
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5E6F1C73FD4769E1" box="[621,709,372,399]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1450.0">1450 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<date id="FF851003FFEA972E5F131C73FC2569E1" box="[785,935,372,398]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1999-01-21">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFEA972E5F131C73FC2569E1" box="[785,935,372,398]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1999-01-21">21 Jan. 1999</collectingDate>
</date>
; fl; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEA972E5FD01C72FAC969E1" box="[978,1355,372,398]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFEA972E5FD01C72FBBE69E1" box="[978,1084,373,398]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Messmer</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFEA972E585D1C73FA9B69E1" box="[1119,1305,372,398]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Andriatsiferana</collectorName>
748
</emphasis>
; G, K, P online
</materialsCitation>
. – 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFEA972E5D581C90FC9A6996" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276611" collectingDate="1997-11-02" collectionCode="BR, TAN" collectorName="Davis &amp; Andriantiana &amp; Gower &amp; Malcomber" country="Madagascar" county="Vatovavy-Fitovinany Region, Ifanadiana District" elevation="1100" location="Vohipara" municipality="Ranomafana" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa Province">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEA972E5D581C90FB5269DE" bold="true" box="[346,1232,407,433]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<collectingRegion id="49FFF821FFEA972E5D581C90FDF369DE" box="[346,625,407,433]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fianarantsoa Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62E54E4FFFEA972E5E7C1C90FB5269DE" box="[638,1232,407,433]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Vatovavy-Fitovinany Region, Ifanadiana District</collectingCounty>
</emphasis>
• 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACB9FFEA972E58E71C90FAF569DE" box="[1253,1399,407,433]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ranomafana</collectingMunicipality>
PN, 
<location id="8EE46018FFEA972E5CF01CBCFEE369BA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFEB972C5E0A1909FE306D4A:8EE46018FFEA972E5CF01CBCFEE369BA" box="[242,353,443,469]" country="Madagascar" county="Vatovavy-Fitovinany Region, Ifanadiana District" municipality="Ranomafana" name="Vohipara" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa Province">Vohipara</location>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A362FE1FFEA972E5D6C1CBCFD4F69BA" box="[366,717,443,470]" location="Fianarantsoa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5D6C1CBCFE5669BA" box="[366,468,443,469]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8299999999999996" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="km" value="38.3">38.3 km</quantity>
NE of Fianarantsoa
</locationDeviation>
; 
<elevation id="0016D1F0FFEA972E5ED91CBCFCF869BA" box="[731,890,443,470]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1100.0">
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5ED91CBCFCB469B9" box="[731,822,443,470]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<date id="FF851003FFEA972E5F881CBCFBA169BA" box="[906,1059,443,470]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1997-11-02">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFEA972E5F881CBCFBA169BA" box="[906,1059,443,470]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1997-11-02">2 Nov. 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
; fl, fr; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEA972E587B1CBBFD826996" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFEA972E587B1CBBFB4069BA" box="[1145,1218,444,469]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Davis</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFEA972E58CD1CBCFAF069BA" box="[1231,1394,443,469]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Andriantiana</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFEA972E5CBC1CD8FE8C6996" box="[190,270,479,505]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Gower</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFEA972E5D371CD8FE3E6996" box="[309,444,479,505]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Malcomber</collectorName>
1041
</emphasis>
; BR, K, P online, TAN
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFEA972E5F311CD8FAEE6A73" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276373" collectingDate="1993-10-07" collectionCode="BR, MO, TAN" collectorName="Solo &amp; Randrianasolo" country="Madagascar" county="Vatovavy-Fitovinany Region, Ifanadiana District" elevation="1050" location="Ranomafana" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">
<location id="8EE46018FFEA972E5F311CD8FC456996" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFEB972C5E0A1909FE306D4A:8EE46018FFEA972E5F311CD8FC456996" box="[819,967,479,505]" country="Madagascar" county="Vatovavy-Fitovinany Region, Ifanadiana District" name="Ranomafana" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Ranomafana</location>
PN, 
<location id="8EE46018FFEA972E58041CD8FBF96996" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFEB972C5E0A1909FE306D4A:8EE46018FFEA972E58041CD8FBF96996" box="[1030,1147,479,505]" country="Madagascar" county="Vatovavy-Fitovinany Region, Ifanadiana District" name="parcelle 3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">parcelle 3</location>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A362FE1FFEA972E58881CD8FE156A73" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
S of RN 25 at 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E59381CD8FAF46996" box="[1338,1398,479,505]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
W of Ranomafana
</locationDeviation>
; 
<elevation id="0016D1F0FFEA972E5DA11F05FDF76A73" box="[419,629,514,541]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.15" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1050.0" valueMax="1150.0" valueMin="950.0">
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5DA11F05FDB46A72" box="[419,566,514,541]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.15" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1050.0" valueMax="1150.0" valueMin="950.0">950–1150 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<date id="FF851003FFEA972E5E811F04FC926A73" box="[643,784,514,541]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1993-10-07">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFEA972E5E811F04FC926A73" box="[643,784,514,541]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1993-10-07">7 Oct. 1993</collectingDate>
</date>
; fr; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEA972E5F3D1F05FBE96A73" box="[831,1131,514,541]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFEA972E5F3D1F05FCF16A73" box="[831,883,514,540]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Solo</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFEA972E5F9B1F05FBC56A73" box="[921,1095,514,540]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Randrianasolo</collectorName>
25
</emphasis>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE06FFEA972E58791F04FB276A72" box="[1147,1189,515,541]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">BR</collectionCode>
, K, 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE06FFEA972E58D71F05FA856A73" box="[1237,1287,514,540]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
, P, 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE06FFEA972E592C1F05FAEE6A73" box="[1326,1388,514,540]" country="Madagascar" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">TAN</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216548FFEA972E5CBF1F43FB636E43" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEA972E5CBF1F43FECC6A31" blockId="45.[189,334,580,606]" box="[189,334,580,606]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="D0CC81AFFFEA972E5CBF1F43FECC6A31" bold="true" box="[189,334,580,606]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEA972E5CBF1F43FECC6A31" bold="true" box="[189,334,580,606]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEA972E5CBF1F73FB636E43" blockId="45.[188,1400,627,1580]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Tree, 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5D061F74FEE26AE1" box="[260,352,627,654]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="9.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="4.0">4–15 m</quantity>
tall, dbh to 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5DFA1F74FDC56AE1" box="[504,583,627,654]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
, more rarely large shrub; pubescence tawny. Young shoots reddish brown, densely covered with short erect hairs; older branches reddish brown, often flaking, glabrescent. Petioles 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5D221FBDFE206ABA" box="[288,418,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="1.7" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.2">1.2–2.2 cm</quantity>
long, densely covered with short erect hairs. Leaf blades occasionally anisophyllous (
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEA972E5CC51FD9FE786A97" box="[199,506,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Solo &amp; Randrianasolo 25</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEA972E5E0E1FD9FCAB6A97" box="[524,809,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Rakotonasolo et al. 700</emphasis>
), elliptic, somewhat obovate or somewhat ovate, 5–20 × 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5D1F1E06FE0D6B73" box="[285,399,769,796]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="5.75" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–9 cm</quantity>
, coriaceous, drying brown and hardly discolorous, upper surface somewhat glossy, moderately covered with short erect hairs (with pubescence on midrib and secondary veins somewhat denser), lower surface densely covered with somewhat longer erect hairs; base cuneate to obtuse; tip acuminate with acumen 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5DDC1E6BFDCE6BE8" box="[478,588,876,903]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 cm</quantity>
long; hair tuft domatia present; 10–15 secondary veins on each side of midrib, raised below; higher order venation hardly visible above, somewhat raised below. Stipules triangular, keeled, gradually tapering into an acute tip or, more rarely, with short needle-like awn, outer surface densely covered with short erect hairs, inner surface glabrous with 2–3 rows of colleters at the base; sheath 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5D531EFCFE3D6C7A" box="[337,447,1019,1045]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">8–12 mm</quantity>
long; awn, if present, up to 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5EFC1EFCFCD56C7A" box="[766,855,1019,1046]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long. Inflorescences sessile, capitate, 1.5–2(– 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E59651EFCFF566C57" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
fruit) × 3–4(– 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5D7F1918FE2A6C57" box="[381,424,1054,1081]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
fruit) cm, with 15–40 flowers; inflorescence parts densely covered with short erect hairs; first order axes 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5DBD1945FDC16C32" box="[447,579,1090,1117]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.8 cm</quantity>
long; higher order bracts with stipular parts reduced or absent, foliar parts narrowly triangular and vaulted, faintly keeled, 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5F1D1962FCFC6CEF" box="[799,894,1125,1152]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
long, tips acute; bracteoles at base of ovary, opposite, stipular parts absent, foliar parts triangular, 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5F27198EFC326CCB" box="[805,944,1161,1188]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 mm</quantity>
long, tips acute. Flowers sessile. Calyx densely covered with short erect hairs outside, inner surface densely covered with minute appressed hairs all over but most dense at the base; tube 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5ECD19D7FCD06C84" box="[719,850,1232,1259]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="9.25" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="6.5">6.5–12 mm</quantity>
long, longitudinally ribbed (when dried); lobes ovate, 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5D0819F3FEE86D60" box="[266,362,1268,1295]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
long, faintly keeled, margins ciliate, tips obtuse to rounded. Corolla tube 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E58BA19F3FAB76D60" box="[1208,1333,1268,1295]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="12.0">12–20 mm</quantity>
long, inner surface unknown; lobes 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5E1B181FFD0B6D5D" box="[537,649,1304,1331]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="5.0">5–12 mm</quantity>
long. Ovary ca 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5F42181FFC016D5D" box="[832,899,1304,1330]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long, strongly ribbed longitudinally (when dried), densely covered with short erect hairs; per locule 7–14 ovules arranged at periphery of placenta attached to middle of septum. Style and stigma unknown. Fruits ovoid, 15–20 × 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E58871858FA8B6D15" box="[1157,1289,1375,1402]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 mm</quantity>
, strongly ribbed longitudinally (when dried), densely covered with short erect hairs; fruit wall well-developed, with multi-layered anastomosing network of sclerified vascular bundles; pyrenes sub-hemispherical, ca 9 × 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5CEB18CDFEAD6D8B" box="[233,303,1482,1508]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
, thin, crustaceous, with rounded base, rounded tip, small adaxial opening somewhat below the middle and faint longitudinal central ridge running from the apex to the top of the adaxial opening and continuing into a longitudinal depression below it. Seeds 4–8 per fruit, 4.5–5.5 × 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E587A1B16FB5E6E43" box="[1144,1244,1553,1580]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216548FFEA972E5CBF1B54FD3F6F68" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEA972E5CBF1B54FED46E02" blockId="45.[189,342,1619,1645]" box="[189,342,1619,1645]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="D0CC81AFFFEA972E5CBF1B54FED46E02" bold="true" box="[189,342,1619,1645]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEA972E5CBF1B54FED46E02" bold="true" box="[189,342,1619,1645]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEA972E5CBF1B85FD3F6F68" blockId="45.[189,1399,1666,1800]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Restricted to eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F32C7653FFEA972E5DC51B85FDDE6EF3" box="[455,604,1666,1692]" name="Madagascar" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. Present in: Moramanga District, Alaotra-Mangoro Region, and Soanierana-Ivongo and Vavatenina Districts, Analanjirofo Region (
<collectingRegion id="49FFF821FFEA972E5FCB1BA2FB3C6EAF" box="[969,1214,1701,1728]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Toamasina Province</collectingRegion>
); Ambatolampy District, Vakinankaratra Region (
<collectingRegion id="49FFF821FFEA972E5E4D1BCEFCEC6E8B" box="[591,878,1737,1764]" country="Madagascar" name="Antananarivo" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Antananarivo Province</collectingRegion>
); Ifanadiana District, Vatovavy-Fitovinany Region (
<collectingRegion id="49FFF821FFEA972E5D231BEAFDA86F67" box="[289,554,1773,1800]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fianarantsoa Province</collectingRegion>
) (
<figureCitation id="13002A46FFEA972E5E401BEAFD326F68" box="[578,688,1773,1799]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="88.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[390,1182,270,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-11@88.[363,1224,265,1712]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Fig. 23. Distribution maps of Malagasy species of Paracephaelis. A. P. aristata De Block sp. nov. (black dot), P. bardotiae De Block sp. nov. (blue dot), P. capitulifera De Block sp. nov. (green dot), P. gautieri De Block sp. nov. (red dot), and P. grandifructa De Block sp. nov. (yellow dot). B. P. cinerea (A.Rich. ex DC.) De Block (black dot). C. P. longipedicellata De Block sp. nov. (black dot), P. orientalis De Block sp. nov. (blue dot), P. pauciflora De Block sp. nov. (green dot), P. ranirisonii De Block sp. nov. (red dot), and P. seyrigii De Block sp. nov. (yellow dot). D. P. russata De Block sp. nov. (black dot), P. sambavensis De Block sp. nov. (blue dot), P. saxatilis (Scott Elliot) De Block (green dot), P. sericea (Arènes) De Block (red dot), and P. tiliacea Baill. (yellow dot)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6358868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6358868/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216548FFEA972E5CBF1A29FAF46F18" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEA972E5CBF1A29FE5E6F26" blockId="45.[189,476,1838,1865]" box="[189,476,1838,1865]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="D0CC81AFFFEA972E5CBF1A29FE5E6F26" bold="true" box="[189,476,1838,1865]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEA972E5CBF1A29FE5E6F26" bold="true" box="[189,476,1838,1865]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Habitat and phenology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEA972E5CBF1A5AFAF46F18" blockId="45.[189,1398,1885,1912]" box="[189,1398,1885,1912]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Mid-elevation humid forest; elev. 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEA972E5E4F1A5AFD616F17" box="[589,739,1885,1912]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" metricValueMax="14.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="975.0" valueMax="1450.0" valueMin="500.0">500–1450 m</quantity>
. Flowers: November–February; Fruits: July–November.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216548FFEA972E5CBF1A98FA976F86" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEA972E5CBF1A98FE226FD6" blockId="45.[189,416,1951,1977]" box="[189,416,1951,1977]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="D0CC81AFFFEA972E5CBF1A98FE226FD6" bold="true" box="[189,416,1951,1977]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEA972E5CBF1A98FE226FD6" bold="true" box="[189,416,1951,1977]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Vernacular names</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEA972E5CBF1AC9FA976F86" blockId="45.[189,1301,1998,2025]" box="[189,1301,1998,2025]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Lelanangaka, molotrangaka (
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEA972E5E161AC9FCD06F87" box="[532,850,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Andriatsiferana et al. 2148</emphasis>
); voatalanina (
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEA972E58011AC9FA866F87" box="[1027,1284,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ramarokoto 9466-RN</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216548FFE9972C5CBF1C0FFAE36A0E" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFE9972D5CBF1C0FFDAF694C" blockId="46.[189,557,264,291]" box="[189,557,264,291]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<heading id="D0CC81AFFFE9972D5CBF1C0FFDAF694C" bold="true" box="[189,557,264,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE9972D5CBF1C0FFDAF694C" bold="true" box="[189,557,264,291]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Provisional IUCN assessment</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFE9972C5CBF1C30FAE36A0E" blockId="46.[187,1399,311,408]" lastBlockId="47.[188,1399,265,609]" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Vulnerable: VU B1ab(iii) B2ab(iii). This assessment is based on 8 herbarium specimens collected between 1958 and 2007. The EOO of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFE9972D5E111C5CFD46691B" authority="Block, 2022" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[531,708,346,372]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifructa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE9972D5E111C5CFD46691B" box="[531,708,346,372]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. grandifructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFE9972D5ECE1C5CFCA5691A" box="[716,807,347,373]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is estimated to be 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE9972D58011C5DFBE8691B" box="[1027,1130,346,372]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.777" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="km" value="8777.0">8777 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C4E9B8BFFE9972D58681C5DFBF16907" attach="left" box="[1130,1139,346,360]" fontSize="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">2</superScript>
, which complies with the Vulnerable category under criterion B1. The AOO is 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE9972D5F5F1C79FC2A69F8" box="[861,936,381,408]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="km" value="32.0">32 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C4E9B8BFFE9972D5FAA1C7AFC3369E4" attach="left" box="[936,945,381,395]" fontSize="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">2</superScript>
, which complies with the Endangered category under criterion B2. The species occurs in 6 locations, which complies with the Vulnerable category under subcriterion ‘a’ of criterion B2. 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFE8972C5F0D1C2BFBE36929" authority="Block, 2022" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[783,1121,300,326]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifructa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE8972C5F0D1C2BFBE36929" box="[783,1121,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Paracephaelis grandifructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFE8972C586E1C2AFB4E6928" box="[1132,1228,301,327]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
occurs in the Ranomafana and Zahamena National Parks and the Ambatovaky Special Reserve. These protected areas suffer from clearing of forest for subsistence agriculture, grazing of cattle, human settlement (Zahamena), and artisanal gold mining (Ranomafana). Furthermore, illegal logging, production of charcoal, collection of non-timber forest products, and hunting take place (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B32FFE8972C5F271CBDFBC369BB" author="Nicoll M. E. &amp; Langrand O." box="[805,1089,442,468]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref69502" refString="Nicoll M. E. &amp; Langrand O. 1989. Madagascar: Revue de la Conservation et des Aires protegees. World Wide Fund for Nature, Gland, Switzerland." type="book" year="1989">Nicoll &amp; Langrand 1989</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B32FFE8972C58491CBDFAF069BB" author="Thompson P. M. &amp; Evans M. I." box="[1099,1394,442,468]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="221 - 237" refId="ref71051" refString="Thompson P. M. &amp; Evans M. I. 1992. The threatened birds of Ambatovaky Special Reserve, Madagascar. Bird Conservation International 2: 221 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0959270900002458" type="journal article" year="1992">Thompson &amp; Evans 1992</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B32FFE8972C5CBF1CDAFED76998" author="Wright P." box="[189,341,477,503]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="381 - 405" refId="ref71777" refString="Wright P. 1997. The future of biodiversity in Madagascar: A view from Ranomafana National Park. In: Goodman S. M. &amp; Patterson B. D. (eds) Natural Change and Human Impact in Madagascar: 381 - 405. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C." type="book chapter" year="1997">Wright 1997</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B32FFE8972C5D601CDAFDE96998" author="Hannah L. &amp; Boltz F." box="[354,619,477,503]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1466 - 1472" refId="ref68481" refString="Hannah L. &amp; Boltz F. 2003. Zahamena Protected-Area complex. In: Goodman S. M. &amp; Benstead J. P. (eds) The Natural History of Madagascar: 1466 - 1472. University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London." type="book chapter" year="2003">Hannah &amp; Boltz 2003</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B32FFE8972C5E7A1CDAFC826998" author="Jones J. P. G." box="[632,768,477,503]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref69170" refString="Jones J. P. G. 2018. Madagascar: fear and violence making rainforest conservation more challenging than ever. Available from https: // theconversation. com [accessed 1 Sep. 2020]." type="url" year="2018">Jones 2018</bibRefCitation>
; BirdLife 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B32FFE8972C5F781CDAFBE76998" author="International" box="[890,1125,477,503]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref65294" refString="BirdLife International 2020 a. Important bird areas factsheet: Ambatovaky Special Reserve. Available from http: // www. birdlife. org [accessed 1 Sep. 2020]." type="url" year="2020">International 2020a</bibRefCitation>
). Outside the protected areas, these threats are even more prominent. Because of the above-mentioned facts, a reduction in the extent and quality of the habitat of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFE8972C5E501F23FC836A51" authority="Block, 2022" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[594,769,548,574]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifructa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE8972C5E501F23FC836A51" box="[594,769,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. grandifructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFE8972C5F0A1F23FCE06A51" box="[776,866,548,574]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is inferred. This fact, in combination with the low EOO and AOO and the low number of locations, qualifies 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFE8972C5F9D1F4FFBD26A0E" authority="Block, 2022" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[927,1104,583,609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifructa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE8972C5F9D1F4FFBD26A0E" box="[927,1104,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. grandifructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFE8972C585A1F40FB306A0E" box="[1112,1202,583,609]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
as Vulnerable.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF44664BFFE9972D5CBC1A8FFE456F87" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6358838" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6358838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6358838/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" startId="46.[190,233,1928,1954]" targetBox="[204,1361,473,1854]" targetPageId="46">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFE9972D5CBC1A8FFE456F87" blockId="46.[188,1398,1928,2024]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE9972D5CBC1A8FFE9A6FCD" bold="true" box="[190,280,1928,1954]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFE9972D5D221A8FFD5F6FCD" authority="De Block" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[288,733,1928,1954]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifructa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE9972D5D221A8FFDE76FCD" box="[288,613,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Paracephaelis grandifructa</emphasis>
De Block
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFE9972D5EE71A8FFCC26FCD" box="[741,832,1928,1954]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE9972D5F441A8FFCD96FCD" bold="true" box="[838,859,1928,1954]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">A</emphasis>
. Flowering branch. 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE9972D58481A8FFBDC6FCD" bold="true" box="[1098,1118,1928,1954]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">B</emphasis>
. Stipules. 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE9972D58D81A8FFB6D6FCD" bold="true" box="[1242,1263,1928,1954]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
. Bracteole, ovary and calyx. 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE9972D5D871AACFE186FAA" bold="true" box="[389,410,1963,1989]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">D</emphasis>
. Fruit. Drawn by Mr A. Fernandez. From 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE9972D5F841AACFB196FAA" box="[902,1179,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Rakotonasolo et al. 700</emphasis>
(A–C) and 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE9972D59261AACFE0D6F87" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solo &amp; Randrianasolo 25</emphasis>
(D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3216548FFE8972C5CBF1F8EFE306D4A" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFE8972C5CBF1F8EFF7A6ACC" blockId="47.[189,248,649,675]" box="[189,248,649,675]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<heading id="D0CC81AFFFE8972C5CBF1F8EFF7A6ACC" bold="true" box="[189,248,649,675]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE8972C5CBF1F8EFF7A6ACC" bold="true" box="[189,248,649,675]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Note</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFE8972C5CBF1FB0FEE46C39" blockId="47.[188,1400,695,1110]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
1. 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFE8972C5CD91FB0FDA36ABE" authority="Block, 2022" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[219,545,695,721]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifructa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE8972C5CD91FB0FDA36ABE" box="[219,545,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Paracephaelis grandifructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFE8972C5E291FBFFD056ABD" box="[555,647,696,722]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFE8972C5F0E1FBFFC306ABE" authority="Block, 2022" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[780,946,695,721]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capitulifera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE8972C5F0E1FBFFC306ABE" box="[780,946,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. capitulifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFE8972C5FB91FBFFB956ABD" box="[955,1047,696,722]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by the similar pubescence on vegetative and reproductive parts, the stipular sheaths of the same size, the capitate inflorescences, the sessile flowers, the well-developed calyx tubes and the large ovoid fruits. The two species differ by the shape of the tips of the stipular sheaths (usually acute, more rarely with short awn up to 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE8972C59191E26FAF56B53" box="[1307,1399,801,828]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFE8972C5D1B1E42FE486B31" authority="Block, 2022" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[281,458,836,862]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifructa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE8972C5D1B1E42FE486B31" box="[281,458,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. grandifructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFE8972C5DD01E42FDAC6B30" box="[466,558,837,863]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
vs with needle-like awn 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE8972C5F541E43FC4C6B30" box="[854,974,836,863]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–4 mm</quantity>
long in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFE8972C58331E42FB556B31" authority="Block, 2022" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[1073,1239,836,862]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capitulifera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE8972C58331E42FB556B31" box="[1073,1239,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. capitulifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFE8972C58DD1E42FABC6B30" box="[1247,1342,837,863]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
), the absence/presence of hair tuft domatia (present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFE8972C5F111E6EFC4A6BED" authority="Block, 2022" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[787,968,872,898]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifructa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE8972C5F111E6EFC4A6BED" box="[787,968,872,898]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. grandifructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFE8972C5FD01E6FFBAD6BED" box="[978,1071,872,898]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
vs absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFE8972C58CD1E6EFAFA6BED" authority="Block, 2022" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[1231,1400,872,898]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capitulifera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE8972C58CD1E6EFAFA6BED" box="[1231,1400,872,898]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. capitulifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFE8972C5CBD1E8BFE996BC9" box="[191,283,908,934]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
), the shape and size of the bracteoles (
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long and tips acute vs 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE8972C58651E8CFB5F6BC9" box="[1127,1245,907,934]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.0">3–3.5 mm</quantity>
long and tips acuminate), the length of the calyx tube (
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE8972C5E9C1EA9FCA76BA6" box="[670,805,942,969]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="9.25" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="6.5">6.5–12 mm</quantity>
vs 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE8972C5F4C1EA8FC2D6BA6" box="[846,943,943,969]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="3.0">3–8 mm</quantity>
long), the shape of the tip of the calyx lobes (round to obtuse and not reflexed vs acuminate and reflexed) and the size of the fruits (15–20 × 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE8972C5CBF1EF2FEBF6C7F" box="[189,317,1013,1040]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 mm</quantity>
vs 10–13 × 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE8972C5DD31EF2FDC56C7F" box="[465,583,1013,1040]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 mm</quantity>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFE8972C5E5E1EF2FC206C60" authority="Block, 2022" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[604,930,1013,1039]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifructa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE8972C5E5E1EF2FC206C60" box="[604,930,1013,1039]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Paracephaelis grandifructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFE8972C5FA81EF1FB846C7F" box="[938,1030,1014,1040]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
occurs in mid-elevation humid forest, elev. 
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, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFE8972C5E53191EFD756C5D" authority="Block, 2022" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[593,759,1048,1074]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capitulifera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE8972C5E53191EFD756C5D" box="[593,759,1048,1074]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. capitulifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFE8972C5EFF191EFCD56C5C" box="[765,855,1049,1075]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
occurs in high plateau and gallery forest, elev. 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE8972C5CBE193BFEE06C39" box="[188,354,1084,1110]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="1450.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="1200.0">1200–1700 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFE8972C5CBF1979FE306D4A" blockId="47.[188,1398,1149,1317]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
2. Two specimens with (near-)mature flowers were seen online (P). In 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE8972C5FEF197AFB6F6CF8" box="[1005,1261,1149,1175]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ramarokoto 9466-RN</emphasis>
, the corolla tube is ca 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE8972C5D3719A6FE0B6CD4" box="[309,393,1185,1211]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
long and the corolla lobes 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE8972C5EC919A6FCAC6CD4" box="[715,814,1185,1211]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 mm</quantity>
long. In this specimen, the corolla tubes are split longitudinally over their entire length. In 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE8972C5EA019C2FB9F6CB1" box="[674,1053,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Messmer &amp; Andriatsiferana 748</emphasis>
, the flowers are mature buds, with the corolla tube ca 
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and the corolla lobes ca 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE8972C5F4B19E0FC0E6D6D" box="[841,908,1255,1282]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
long. The flowers of these 
<specimenCount id="9D3DFD4AFFE8972C58CB19EFFAF46D6E" box="[1225,1398,1255,1282]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
could not be studied.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>