treatments-xml/data/03/92/87/039287C4FFE4FF81FF60FA467FBCFA9F.xml

<document id="A4FCB877C98A7FBF172F4E0D4E92CD94" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5550.1.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14389505" ID-ZooBank="4E43E65F-E6D0-4F5E-B0CD-90EE89A7A445" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1733923592782" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Liao, Yun-Chih, Thiel, Ralf &amp; Chang, Chih-Wei" docDate="2024" docId="039287C4FFE4FF81FF60FA467FBCFA9F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5550.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5550 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5550.1.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Zenarchopterus takaoensis Liao, Thiel &amp; Chang, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FFABFFBCFFE5FF89FFF7FFF57D62FFD2" masterDocTitle="Zenarchopterus takaoensis (Perciformes: Zenarchoperidae), a new estuary garfish from southwestern Taiwan" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="7" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1734375864127" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="38635BB2362A78C4DCC90EFAC3AB9D23">Zenarchopterus takaoensis (Perciformes: Zenarchoperidae), a new estuary garfish from southwestern Taiwan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="677BB561EBF6F79041C6B3280ECD3148">Liao, Yun-Chih</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="42F4AA34C3E8A8D011EF57BF83AD543E">Department of Earth and Life Science, University of Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5A40D1BF8EB23DCE46C0F3C84187343D">Thiel, Ralf</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="91E97430D5378F2AB20B219BD491A938">Museum for Nature Hamburg, Centre for Taxonomy &amp; Morphology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="083EE0BB50AD20C782C9C4FA0390DCBF">Chang, Chih-Wei</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1C4006D9A1E76A5B24C0EAE346F8D02C">Marine Ecology and Conservation Research Center, National Academy of Marine Research, Taiwan, R. O. C. &amp; National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Taiwan, R. O. C. &amp; Department of Oceanography, and Institute of Marine Ecology and Conservation, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan, R. O. C. &amp; Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan, R. O. C.</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="D0CC81BEFFE4FF88FF60FA467F21FA1C" bold="true" box="[151,579,1459,1486]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE4FF88FF60FA467CBCFA1C" authorityName="Liao &amp; Thiel &amp; Chang" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,478,1459,1486]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="takaoensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE4FF88FF60FA467CBCFA1C" bold="true" box="[151,478,1459,1486]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Zenarchopterus takaoensis</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="13002A57FFE4FF88FF68FA2D7C2AFA20" box="[159,328,1496,1522]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1947,1971]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,882,906]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1409,1433]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,378,1915]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1429,181,852]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,1002,1385]" captionTargetId-0="figure-89@2.[151,1436,378,1921]" captionTargetId-1="figure-21@4.[151,1435,181,858]" captionTargetId-2="figure-44@4.[151,1436,1002,1385]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Zenarchopterus species from Taiwan. Symbols represent different species as follows: solid circle, Z. buffonis; open circle, Z. dispar; solid triangle, Z. dunckeri; star, Z. takaoensis sp. nov." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Schematic diagrams of snout scales, head scales, predorsal scales, and lateral series scales in species of Zenarchopterus." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Radiograph of Zenarchopterus takaoensis sp. nov. from Taiwan. ZMH 6543, Paratype, male, 70.7 mm SL, Kaohsiung City (Takao, Formosa, Hans Sauter, V–VII 1907)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14389507" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14389513" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14389517" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14389507/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14389513/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14389517/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">FIGURES 1–3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13002A57FFE4FF88FEA3FA2D7CF8FA20" box="[340,410,1496,1522]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1123,1147]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1099]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of Zenarchopterus takaoensis sp. nov. A: lateral; B: anterior dorsal.ASIZP0081778, Paratype, female, 76.1 mm SL, Dongshi, Chiayi County." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14389519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14389519/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">4A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13002A57FFE4FF88FE52FA2D7F65FA21" box="[421,519,1496,1523]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1819,1843]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox-0="[179,1407,1333,1719]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1901]" captionTargetId-0="figure-44@5.[179,1407,1243,1795]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@7.[151,1436,181,1901]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Snout and head scales of Zenarchopterus takaoensis sp. nov., Dorsal view: ASIZP0081778, Paratype, female, 76.1 mm SL, Dongshi, Chiayi County." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. The anal papilla of Zenarchopterus takaoensis sp. nov. Ventral view: A: ASIZP0081779, Holotype, 76.6 mm SL, male; B: ASIZP0081778, Paratype, 76.1 mm SL, female." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14389523" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14389525" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14389523/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14389525/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">5–6A–B</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6B90369FFE4FF88FDE5FA2D7FEEFA20" box="[530,652,1496,1522]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStartId-0="3.[151,244,150,176]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,239,152,176]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Counts and proportional measurements of characters in Zenarchopterus takaoensis sp. nov." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Comparison of selected characters for Zenarchopterus takaoensis sp. nov. and three congeners." pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Tables 1–2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE4FF88FF60FA087F5AF9C4" blockId="1.[151,661,1459,1595]" box="[151,568,1532,1559]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">[New English name: Takao’s garfish]</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE4FF88FF60F9D57C80F9E9" blockId="1.[151,661,1459,1595]" box="[151,482,1568,1595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">
[Chinese name: 
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE4FF88FEBAF9D47CBBF9E9" bold="true" box="[333,473,1569,1595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">ḢÑĀṞü</emphasis>
]
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2B11FCFFE4FF88FF60F9917F09F949" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE4FF88FF60F9917C39F9AE" box="[151,347,1636,1660]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE4FF88FF60F9917C54F9AE" box="[151,310,1636,1660]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Zenarchopterus</emphasis>
sp.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10C3FFE4FF88FE95F9917F07F9AF" author="Collette, B. B. &amp; Su, J." box="[354,613,1636,1661]" page="291" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B23FFE4FF88FE95F9917F07F9AF" author="Collette, B. B. &amp; Su, J." box="[354,613,1636,1661]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" pagination="250 - 301" refId="ref5218" refString="Collette, B. B. &amp; Su, J. (1986) The halfbeaks (Pisces, Beloniformes, Hemiramphidae) of the far east. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 138, 250 - 301." type="journal article" year="1986">Collette &amp; Su, 1986: 291</bibRefCitation>
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. 
<specimenCode id="DB9D9EA9FFE4FF88FD87F9907F86F9AE" box="[624,740,1636,1660]" collectionCode="ZMH" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" type="Museum">ZMH 6543</specimenCode>
, female (
<quantity id="4CC39B37FFE4FF88FCB5F9917EFCF9AE" box="[834,926,1636,1660]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.91" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="59.1">59.1 mm</quantity>
SL), 
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(
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), 
<collectingCountry id="F32C7642FFE4FF88FB2CF9907856F9AE" box="[1243,1332,1637,1660]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Formosa</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACA8FFE4FF88FAB5F99178F0F9AE" box="[1346,1426,1636,1660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Taiwan</collectingMunicipality>
), 
<collectingCounty id="62E54E5EFFE4FF88FF30F9717C26F949" box="[199,324,1667,1691]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Hans Sauter</collectingCounty>
, 
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<collectingDate id="EFC1E9FAFFE4FF88FEBAF9717CA9F949" box="[333,459,1667,1691]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" value="1907-05" valueMax="1907-07-31" valueMin="1907-05-00">V–VII 1907</collectingDate>
</date>
, date uncertain.
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<typeStatus id="54808870FFE4FF88FF60F93C7C66F931" box="[151,260,1737,1763]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. 
<specimenCode id="DB9D9EA9FFE4FF88FEFAF93C7CA2F931" box="[269,448,1737,1763]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">ASIZP0081779</specimenCode>
, 
<quantity id="4CC39B37FFE4FF88FE3FF93C7F4AF936" box="[456,552,1737,1764]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.659999999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="76.6">76.6mm</quantity>
SL, male; 
<date id="FF851012FFE4FF88FD6EF93C7E7BF931" box="[665,793,1737,1764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" value="2023-04-09">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9FAFFE4FF88FD6EF93C7E7BF931" box="[665,793,1737,1764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" value="2023-04-09">9Apr.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<location id="8EE46009FFE4FF88FCD7F93C7EE0F931" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287C4FFE4FF81FF60FA467FBCFA9F:8EE46009FFE4FF88FCD7F93C7EE0F931" box="[800,898,1737,1763]" country="Taiwan" latitude="23.450417" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="120.140884" name="Dongshi" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Chiayi">Dongshi</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49FFF830FFE4FF88FC7DF93C794EF931" box="[906,1068,1737,1763]" country="Taiwan" name="Chiayi" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Chiayi County</collectingRegion>
,southwest 
<collectingCountry id="F32C7642FFE4FF88FB50F93C799EF931" box="[1191,1276,1737,1763]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0F5015FFE4FF88FAF4F93C78FEF936" box="[1283,1436,1737,1764]" degrees="23" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" precision="1" seconds="01.5" value="23.450417">23°27'01.5&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE0F5015FFE4FF88FF60F9187C5CF8D5" box="[151,318,1773,1799]" degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" precision="1" seconds="27.2" value="120.140884">120°08'27.2&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, pole and line fishing, 
<collectorName id="26CE5304FFE4FF88FDCCF9187FFEF8D5" box="[571,668,1773,1799]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">YC Liao</collectorName>
coll.
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<materialsCitation id="3B533C8FFFE4FF88FF30F8E47F75F8A1" collectingDate="1907-05" collectingDateMax="1907-07-31" collectingDateMin="1907-05" collectionCode="ZMH" collectorName="Taiwan &amp; Hans Sauter" country="Taiwan" location="Takao" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="ZMH 6543" specimenCount="7" stateProvince="Kaohsiung" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="54808870FFE4FF88FF30F8E47C5DF8F9" box="[199,319,1809,1835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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. 
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: 
<specimenCode id="DB9D9EA9FFE4FF88FE07F8E77F16F8FE" box="[496,628,1809,1836]" collectionCode="ZMH" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" type="Museum">ZMH 6543</specimenCode>
, female, 
<quantity id="4CC39B37FFE4FF88FD17F8E47E25F8FE" box="[736,839,1809,1836]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.04" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="60.4">60.4 mm</quantity>
SL; date uncertain, 1907, 
<location id="8EE46009FFE4FF88FB77F8E479A6F8F9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287C4FFE4FF81FF60FA467FBCFA9F:8EE46009FFE4FF88FB77F8E479A6F8F9" box="[1152,1220,1809,1835]" country="Taiwan" name="Takao" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Kaohsiung">Takao</location>
(
<collectingRegion id="49FFF830FFE4FF88FB21F8E478F2F8F9" box="[1238,1424,1809,1835]" country="Taiwan" name="Kaohsiung" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Kaohsiung City</collectingRegion>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F32C7642FFE4FF88FF60F8C37D9BF882" box="[151,249,1846,1872]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Formosa</collectingCountry>
(
<collectorName id="26CE5304FFE4FF88FEFEF8C07C03F89D" box="[265,353,1845,1871]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Taiwan</collectorName>
), 
<collectorName id="26CE5304FFE4FF88FE82F8C37C9DF89D" box="[373,511,1845,1872]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Hans Sauter</collectorName>
, 
<date id="FF851012FFE4FF88FDFCF8C37FF5F89D" box="[523,663,1845,1872]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" value="1907-05" valueMax="1907-07-31" valueMin="1907-05-00">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9FAFFE4FF88FDFCF8C37FF5F89D" box="[523,663,1845,1872]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" value="1907-05" valueMax="1907-07-31" valueMin="1907-05-00">
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE17FFE4FF88FDFCF8C37F7DF882" box="[523,543,1846,1872]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
–VII 1907
</collectingDate>
</date>
. 
<specimenCode id="DB9D9EA9FFE4FF88FD55F8C07E37F89D" box="[674,853,1845,1871]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">ASIZP0081778</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D3DFD5BFFE4FF88FC96F8C07EDAF89D" box="[865,952,1845,1871]" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(69.9–76.0 mm SL), 
<specimenCount id="9D3DFD5BFFE4FF88FB59F8C07879F89D" box="[1198,1307,1845,1871]" count="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
(72.5–80.0 mm SL); the same as in Holotype.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216559FFE4FF8BFF30F8887F6DFF2B" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE4FF8BFF30F8887F6DFF2B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1737,2016]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,321]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE4FF88FF30F8887C58F845" bold="true" box="[199,314,1917,1943]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. A species of genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE4FF88FDDBF8887FBEF845" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1863" box="[556,732,1917,1943]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE4FF88FDDBF8887FBEF845" box="[556,732,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Zenarchopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, snout length slightly longer than width, prominent stripe on middle snout absent, prominent pigmentation or dark mark on snout. Anal-fin with 9 rays that is distinct from other congener species. Sixth anal-fin not elongated or thickened in adult males; dorsal body pigmented with three longitudinal dashed lines, with oval-like dashed pigmentation on dorsal lateral series scales; anterior lateral stripe on body in dashed line, ventral body with one longitudinal dashed line (
<figureCitation id="13002A57FFE7FF8BFC66FF4E795EFF07" box="[913,1084,186,213]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1123,1147]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,181,1099]" captionTargetBox-1="[179,1407,1333,1719]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1099]" captionTargetId-1="figure-44@5.[179,1407,1243,1795]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Photographs of Zenarchopterus takaoensis sp. nov. A: lateral; B: anterior dorsal.ASIZP0081778, Paratype, female, 76.1 mm SL, Dongshi, Chiayi County." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Snout and head scales of Zenarchopterus takaoensis sp. nov., Dorsal view: ASIZP0081778, Paratype, female, 76.1 mm SL, Dongshi, Chiayi County." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14389519" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14389523" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14389519/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14389523/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">FIGURES 4–5</figureCitation>
). No sexual dimorphism except anal papilla in adult (
<figureCitation id="13002A57FFE7FF8BFE74FF2A7F63FF2B" box="[387,513,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1436,181,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. The anal papilla of Zenarchopterus takaoensis sp. nov. Ventral view: A: ASIZP0081779, Holotype, 76.6 mm SL, male; B: ASIZP0081778, Paratype, 76.1 mm SL, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14389525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14389525/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216559FFE7FF8FFF30FEF779C6FB73" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE7FF8BFF30FEF77949FE93" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE7FF8BFF30FEF77C33FECE" bold="true" box="[199,337,258,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Description</emphasis>
. Proportional measurements and counts are presented in 
<tableCitation id="C6B90369FFE7FF8BFC00FEF6790BFECF" box="[1015,1129,259,285]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,244,150,176]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Counts and proportional measurements of characters in Zenarchopterus takaoensis sp. nov." pageId="2" pageNumber="9">TABLE 1</tableCitation>
. Data of the 
<typeStatus id="54808870FFE7FF8BFAFBFEF6780CFECF" box="[1292,1390,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
are presented first, and followed by those of the 
<typeStatus id="54808870FFE7FF8BFD7CFED27F94FE93" box="[651,758,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in parentheses, if different.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF44665AFFE7FF8BFF60F86E7977F805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14389507" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14389507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14389507/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" startId="2.[151,250,1947,1971]" targetBox="[151,1436,378,1915]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE7FF8BFF60F86E7977F805" blockId="2.[151,1436,1947,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE7FF8BFF60F86E7C76F861" bold="true" box="[151,276,1947,1971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE7FF8BFE4FF86E7FCAF861" box="[440,680,1947,1971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE7FF8BFE4FF86E7F35F861" box="[440,599,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Zenarchopterus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
from Taiwan. Symbols represent different species as follows: solid circle, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE7FF8BFF60F8357C66F805" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[151,260,1983,2007]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buffonis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE7FF8BFF60F8357C66F805" box="[151,260,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Z. buffonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; open circle, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE7FF8BFE7AF8357C8BF805" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1847" box="[397,489,1983,2007]" family="Hemiramphidae" genus="Hemiramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE7FF8BFE7AF8357C8BF805" box="[397,489,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Z. dispar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; solid triangle, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE7FF8BFD7FF8357F9EF805" authorityName="Mohr" authorityYear="1926" box="[648,764,1983,2007]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dunckeri">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE7FF8BFD7FF8357F9EF805" box="[648,764,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Z. dunckeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; star, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE7FF8BFCCEF8357EDDF805" authorityName="Liao &amp; Thiel &amp; Chang" authorityYear="2024" box="[825,959,1983,2007]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="takaoensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE7FF8BFCCEF8357EDDF805" box="[825,959,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Z. takaoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57BBFFE7FF8BFC32F84A7977F805" box="[965,1045,1983,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF44665AFFE6FF8AFF60FF637875FF63" box="[151,1303,150,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" startId="3.[151,244,150,176]" targetBox="[161,1421,193,1953]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE6FF8AFF60FF637875FF63" blockId="3.[151,1303,150,177]" box="[151,1303,150,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE6FF8AFF60FF637C73FF62" bold="true" box="[151,273,150,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Counts and proportional measurements of characters in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE6FF8AFC7EFF6279D4FF63" authorityName="Liao &amp; Thiel &amp; Chang" authorityYear="2024" box="[905,1206,151,177]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="takaoensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE6FF8AFC7EFF6279D4FF63" box="[905,1206,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Zenarchopterus takaoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57BBFFE6FF8AFB4AFF627875FF63" box="[1213,1303,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE6FF8AFE8FFF34782CF872" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<table id="F93BC472FFE60076FF56FF3478EFF873" box="[161,1421,193,1953]" gridcols="9" gridrows="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FF3478EFFF0B" box="[161,1421,193,217]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFF347F75FF0B" box="[376,535,193,217]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE6FF8AFE8FFF347CB9FF0B" bold="true" box="[376,475,193,217]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Holotype</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFF347FFAFF0B" box="[556,664,193,217]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE6FF8AFDDBFF347FFAFF0B" bold="true" box="[556,664,193,217]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Paratypes</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FF3478EFFF0B" box="[1314,1421,193,217]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE6FF8AFAD5FF3478E6FF0B" bold="true" box="[1314,1412,193,217]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Paratype</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FF1C78EFFED3" box="[161,1421,233,257]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FF1C7C01FED3" box="[161,355,233,257]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Catalog number</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFF1C7F75FED3" box="[376,535,233,257]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">ASIZP0081779</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFF1C7E7AFED3" box="[556,792,233,257]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">ASIZP0081778 (n=6)</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FF1C78EFFED3" box="[1314,1421,233,257]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">ZMH6543</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FEE478EFFEFB" box="[161,1421,273,297]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FEE47C01FEFB" box="[161,355,273,297]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Sex</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFEE47F75FEFB" box="[376,535,273,297]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Male</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFEE47FFAFEFB" box="[556,664,273,297]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Male</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FEE47E7AFEFB" box="[687,792,273,297]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Male</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFEE47EF7FEFB" box="[813,917,273,297]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Female</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFEE47970FEFB" box="[937,1042,273,297]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Female</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FEE479EDFEFB" box="[1063,1167,273,297]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Female</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FEE4786FFEFB" box="[1188,1293,273,297]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Female</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FEE478EFFEFB" box="[1314,1421,273,297]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Female</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FECC78EFFEA4" box="[161,1421,313,374]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FECC7C01FEA4" box="[161,355,313,374]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Standard Length (mm)</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFECC7F75FEA4" box="[376,535,313,374]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">76.6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFECC7FFAFEA4" box="[556,664,313,374]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">69.9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FECC7E7AFEA4" box="[687,792,313,374]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">76.0</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFECC7EF7FEA4" box="[813,917,313,374]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">80.0</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFECC7970FEA4" box="[937,1042,313,374]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">76.1</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FECC79EDFEA4" box="[1063,1167,313,374]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">76.6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FECC786FFEA4" box="[1188,1293,313,374]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">72.5</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FECC78EFFEA4" box="[1314,1421,313,374]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">60.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FE7078EFFE4C" box="[161,1421,389,414]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FE707C01FE4C" box="[161,355,389,414]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Total Length (mm)</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFE707F75FE4C" box="[376,535,389,414]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">115.2</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFE707FFAFE4C" box="[556,664,389,414]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">107.1</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FE707E7AFE4C" box="[687,792,389,414]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">115.2</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFE707EF7FE4C" box="[813,917,389,414]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">123.0</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFE707970FE4C" box="[937,1042,389,414]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">116.4</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FE7079EDFE4C" box="[1063,1167,389,414]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">119</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FE70786FFE4C" box="[1188,1293,389,414]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">113.2</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FE7078EFFE4C" box="[1314,1421,389,414]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">74.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FE5B78EFFE14" box="[161,1421,430,454]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FE5B7C01FE14" box="[161,355,430,454]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Head Length</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFE5B7F75FE14" box="[376,535,430,454]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">17.6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFE5B7FFAFE14" box="[556,664,430,454]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">15.8</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FE5B7E7AFE14" box="[687,792,430,454]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">17.3</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFE5B7EF7FE14" box="[813,917,430,454]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">18.5</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFE5B7970FE14" box="[937,1042,430,454]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">17.2</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FE5B79EDFE14" box="[1063,1167,430,454]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">18</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FE5B786FFE14" box="[1188,1293,430,454]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">16.1</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FE5B78EFFE14" box="[1314,1421,430,454]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">14.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FE2378EFFE3C" box="[161,1421,470,494]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FE2378EFFE3C" box="[161,1421,470,494]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE6FF8AFF56FE237D8CFE3C" bold="true" box="[161,238,470,494]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Counts</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FE0B78EFFDE8" box="[161,1421,510,570]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FE0B7C01FDE8" box="[161,355,510,570]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Gill rakers on first arch</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFE0B7F75FDE8" box="[376,535,510,570]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">2 + 9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFE0B7FFAFDE8" box="[556,664,510,570]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">2 + 11</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FE0B7E7AFDE8" box="[687,792,510,570]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">2 + 9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFE0B7EF7FDE8" box="[813,917,510,570]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">2 + 9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFE0B7970FDE8" box="[937,1042,510,570]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">2 + 8</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FE0B79EDFDE8" box="[1063,1167,510,570]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">2 + 8</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FE0B786FFDE8" box="[1188,1293,510,570]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">2 + 9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FE0B78EFFDE8" box="[1314,1421,510,570]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">2 + 6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FDBE78EFFDB1" box="[161,1421,587,611]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FDBE7C01FDB1" box="[161,355,587,611]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Pectoral-fin rays</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFDBE7F75FDB1" box="[376,535,587,611]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFDBE7FFAFDB1" box="[556,664,587,611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FDBE7E7AFDB1" box="[687,792,587,611]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFDBE7EF7FDB1" box="[813,917,587,611]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFDBE7970FDB1" box="[937,1042,587,611]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FDBE79EDFDB1" box="[1063,1167,587,611]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FDBE786FFDB1" box="[1188,1293,587,611]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FDBE78EFFDB1" box="[1314,1421,587,611]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FD8678EFFD59" box="[161,1421,627,651]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FD867C01FD59" box="[161,355,627,651]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Pelvic-fin rays</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFD867F75FD59" box="[376,535,627,651]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFD867FFAFD59" box="[556,664,627,651]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FD867E7AFD59" box="[687,792,627,651]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFD867EF7FD59" box="[813,917,627,651]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFD867970FD59" box="[937,1042,627,651]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FD8679EDFD59" box="[1063,1167,627,651]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FD86786FFD59" box="[1188,1293,627,651]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FD8678EFFD59" box="[1314,1421,627,651]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FD6E78EFFD66" box="[161,1421,667,692]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FD6E7C01FD66" box="[161,355,667,692]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Dorsal-fin rays</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFD6E7F75FD66" box="[376,535,667,692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">11</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFD6E7FFAFD66" box="[556,664,667,692]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">12</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FD6E7E7AFD66" box="[687,792,667,692]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">12</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFD6E7EF7FD66" box="[813,917,667,692]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">12</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFD6E7970FD66" box="[937,1042,667,692]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">12</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FD6E79EDFD66" box="[1063,1167,667,692]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">12</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FD6E786FFD66" box="[1188,1293,667,692]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">12</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FD6E78EFFD66" box="[1314,1421,667,692]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FD3678EFFD0E" box="[161,1421,707,732]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FD367C01FD0E" box="[161,355,707,732]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Anal-fin rays</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFD367F75FD0E" box="[376,535,707,732]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFD367FFAFD0E" box="[556,664,707,732]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FD367E7AFD0E" box="[687,792,707,732]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFD367EF7FD0E" box="[813,917,707,732]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFD367970FD0E" box="[937,1042,707,732]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FD3679EDFD0E" box="[1063,1167,707,732]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FD36786FFD0E" box="[1188,1293,707,732]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FD3678EFFD0E" box="[1314,1421,707,732]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FD1978EFFCFA" box="[161,1421,748,808]" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FD197C01FCFA" box="[161,355,748,808]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
Caudal-fin rays (
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE6FF8AFF5EFCE57C69FCFA" box="[169,267,784,808]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">ub+b+ub</emphasis>
)
</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFD197F75FCFA" box="[376,535,748,808]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">2 + 13 + 2</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFD197FFAFCFA" box="[556,664,748,808]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">2 + 13 + 2</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FD197E7AFCFA" box="[687,792,748,808]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">2 + 13 + 2</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFD197EF7FCFA" box="[813,917,748,808]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">2+13+2</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFD197970FCFA" box="[937,1042,748,808]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">2 + 13 + 2</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FD1979EDFCFA" box="[1063,1167,748,808]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">2+13+2</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FD19786FFCFA" box="[1188,1293,748,808]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">2 + 13 + 2</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FD1978EFFCFA" box="[1314,1421,748,808]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">2 + 15 + 1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FCCD78EFFC82" box="[161,1421,824,848]" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FCCD7C01FC82" box="[161,355,824,848]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Vertebrae</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFCCD7F75FC82" box="[376,535,824,848]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">30 + 11</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFCCD7FFAFC82" box="[556,664,824,848]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">30 + 11</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FCCD7E7AFC82" box="[687,792,824,848]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">30 + 11</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFCCD7EF7FC82" box="[813,917,824,848]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">30 + 11</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFCCD7970FC82" box="[937,1042,824,848]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">30 + 11</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FCCD79EDFC82" box="[1063,1167,824,848]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">30 + 11</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FCCD786FFC82" box="[1188,1293,824,848]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">30 + 11</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FCCD78EFFC82" box="[1314,1421,824,848]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">30 + 11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FC9578EFFCAA" box="[161,1421,864,888]" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FC957C01FCAA" box="[161,355,864,888]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Sount scales</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFC957F75FCAA" box="[376,535,864,888]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">7</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFC957FFAFCAA" box="[556,664,864,888]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">8</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FC957E7AFCAA" box="[687,792,864,888]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">8</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFC957EF7FCAA" box="[813,917,864,888]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">8</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFC957970FCAA" box="[937,1042,864,888]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">8</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FC9579EDFCAA" box="[1063,1167,864,888]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">8</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FC95786FFCAA" box="[1188,1293,864,888]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">7</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FC9578EFFCAA" box="[1314,1421,864,888]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FC7D78EFFC72" box="[161,1421,904,928]" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FC7D7C01FC72" box="[161,355,904,928]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Predorsal scales</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFC7D7F75FC72" box="[376,535,904,928]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">13 + 21</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFC7D7FFAFC72" box="[556,664,904,928]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">13 + 20</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FC7D7E7AFC72" box="[687,792,904,928]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">13 + 21</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFC7D7EF7FC72" box="[813,917,904,928]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">13 + 21</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFC7D7970FC72" box="[937,1042,904,928]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">13 + 20</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FC7D79EDFC72" box="[1063,1167,904,928]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">13 + 20</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FC7D786FFC72" box="[1188,1293,904,928]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">13 + 21</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FC7D78EFFC72" box="[1314,1421,904,928]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">17+</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FC4578EFFC1B" box="[161,1421,944,969]" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FC457C01FC1B" box="[161,355,944,969]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">2nd lateral scales</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFC457F75FC1B" box="[376,535,944,969]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">10/43</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFC457FFAFC1B" box="[556,664,944,969]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">10/42</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FC457E7AFC1B" box="[687,792,944,969]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">10/45</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFC457EF7FC1B" box="[813,917,944,969]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">10/43</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFC457970FC1B" box="[937,1042,944,969]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">10/44</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FC4579EDFC1B" box="[1063,1167,944,969]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">10/44</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FC45786FFC1B" box="[1188,1293,944,969]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">10/43</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FC4578EFFC1B" box="[1314,1421,944,969]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FC2C78EFFC23" box="[161,1421,985,1009]" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FC2C7C01FC23" box="[161,355,985,1009]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">3rd lateral scales</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFC2C7F75FC23" box="[376,535,985,1009]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">8/44</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFC2C7FFAFC23" box="[556,664,985,1009]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">7/42</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FC2C7E7AFC23" box="[687,792,985,1009]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">9/45</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFC2C7EF7FC23" box="[813,917,985,1009]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">9/45</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFC2C7970FC23" box="[937,1042,985,1009]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">7/43</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FC2C79EDFC23" box="[1063,1167,985,1009]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">8/44</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FC2C786FFC23" box="[1188,1293,985,1009]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">9/44</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FC2C78EFFC23" box="[1314,1421,985,1009]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FBF478EFFBCB" box="[161,1421,1025,1049]" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FBF47C01FBCB" box="[161,355,1025,1049]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">4th lateral scales</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFBF47F75FBCB" box="[376,535,1025,1049]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">38</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFBF47FFAFBCB" box="[556,664,1025,1049]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">39</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FBF47E7AFBCB" box="[687,792,1025,1049]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">40</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFBF47EF7FBCB" box="[813,917,1025,1049]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">40</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFBF47970FBCB" box="[937,1042,1025,1049]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">40</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FBF479EDFBCB" box="[1063,1167,1025,1049]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">39</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FBF4786FFBCB" box="[1188,1293,1025,1049]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">39</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FBF478EFFBCB" box="[1314,1421,1025,1049]" gridcol="8" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FBDC78EFFB93" box="[161,1421,1065,1089]" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FBDC7C01FB93" box="[161,355,1065,1089]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Lateral line scales</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFBDC7F75FB93" box="[376,535,1065,1089]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">4 + 5 + 41</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFBDC7FFAFB93" box="[556,664,1065,1089]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">3 + 3 + 39</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FBDC7E7AFB93" box="[687,792,1065,1089]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">4 + 5 + 42</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFBDC7EF7FB93" box="[813,917,1065,1089]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">4 + 5 + 41</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFBDC7970FB93" box="[937,1042,1065,1089]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">3 + 5 + 40</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FBDC79EDFB93" box="[1063,1167,1065,1089]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">3 + 5 + 40</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FBDC786FFB93" box="[1188,1293,1065,1089]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">3 + 4 + 41</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FBDC78EFFB93" box="[1314,1421,1065,1089]" gridcol="8" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FBA478EFFB5F" box="[161,1421,1105,1165]" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FBA478EFFB5F" box="[161,1421,1105,1165]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE6FF8AFF56FBA47DB9FB5F" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Proportions as % of SL</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FB6878EFFB67" box="[161,1421,1181,1205]" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FB687C01FB67" box="[161,355,1181,1205]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Head length</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFB687F75FB67" box="[376,535,1181,1205]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">23.0</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFB687FFAFB67" box="[556,664,1181,1205]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">22.6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FB687E7AFB67" box="[687,792,1181,1205]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">22.8</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFB687EF7FB67" box="[813,917,1181,1205]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">23.1</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFB687970FB67" box="[937,1042,1181,1205]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">22.6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FB6879EDFB67" box="[1063,1167,1181,1205]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">23.5</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FB68786FFB67" box="[1188,1293,1181,1205]" gridcol="7" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">22.2</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FB6878EFFB67" box="[1314,1421,1181,1205]" gridcol="8" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">24.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FB3078EFFB0C" box="[161,1421,1221,1246]" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FB307C01FB0C" box="[161,355,1221,1246]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Orbital diameter</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFB307F75FB0C" box="[376,535,1221,1246]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">5.5</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFB307FFAFB0C" box="[556,664,1221,1246]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.0</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FB307E7AFB0C" box="[687,792,1221,1246]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">5.9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFB307EF7FB0C" box="[813,917,1221,1246]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">5.6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFB307970FB0C" box="[937,1042,1221,1246]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">5.7</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FB3079EDFB0C" box="[1063,1167,1221,1246]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">5.6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FB30786FFB0C" box="[1188,1293,1221,1246]" gridcol="7" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">5.7</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FB3078EFFB0C" box="[1314,1421,1221,1246]" gridcol="8" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">5.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FB1B78EFFAD4" box="[161,1421,1262,1286]" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FB1B7C01FAD4" box="[161,355,1262,1286]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Interorbital width</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFB1B7F75FAD4" box="[376,535,1262,1286]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.5</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFB1B7FFAFAD4" box="[556,664,1262,1286]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FB1B7E7AFAD4" box="[687,792,1262,1286]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.7</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFB1B7EF7FAD4" box="[813,917,1262,1286]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.5</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFB1B7970FAD4" box="[937,1042,1262,1286]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.3</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FB1B79EDFAD4" box="[1063,1167,1262,1286]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">7.2</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FB1B786FFAD4" box="[1188,1293,1262,1286]" gridcol="7" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.8</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FB1B78EFFAD4" box="[1314,1421,1262,1286]" gridcol="8" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FAE378EFFAFC" box="[161,1421,1302,1326]" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FAE37C01FAFC" box="[161,355,1302,1326]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Snout length</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFAE37F75FAFC" box="[376,535,1302,1326]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.5</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFAE37FFAFAFC" box="[556,664,1302,1326]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FAE37E7AFAFC" box="[687,792,1302,1326]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFAE37EF7FAFC" box="[813,917,1302,1326]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.8</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFAE37970FAFC" box="[937,1042,1302,1326]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.2</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FAE379EDFAFC" box="[1063,1167,1302,1326]" gridcol="6" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.8</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FAE3786FFAFC" box="[1188,1293,1302,1326]" gridcol="7" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">7.0</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FAE378EFFAFC" box="[1314,1421,1302,1326]" gridcol="8" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FACB78EFFA84" box="[161,1421,1342,1366]" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FACB7C01FA84" box="[161,355,1342,1366]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Lower jaw length</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFACB7F75FA84" box="[376,535,1342,1366]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">41.8</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFACB7FFAFA84" box="[556,664,1342,1366]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">46.8</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FACB7E7AFA84" box="[687,792,1342,1366]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">41.8</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFACB7EF7FA84" box="[813,917,1342,1366]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">43.1</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFACB7970FA84" box="[937,1042,1342,1366]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">48.0</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FACB79EDFA84" box="[1063,1167,1342,1366]" gridcol="6" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">44.5</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FACB786FFA84" box="[1188,1293,1342,1366]" gridcol="7" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">N/A</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FACB78EFFA84" box="[1314,1421,1342,1366]" gridcol="8" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FA9278EFFAAD" box="[161,1421,1383,1407]" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FA927C01FAAD" box="[161,355,1383,1407]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Pectoral-fin length</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFA927F75FAAD" box="[376,535,1383,1407]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">12.9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFA927FFAFAAD" box="[556,664,1383,1407]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">14.2</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FA927E7AFAAD" box="[687,792,1383,1407]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">12.8</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFA927EF7FAAD" box="[813,917,1383,1407]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">13.4</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFA927970FAAD" box="[937,1042,1383,1407]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">13.4</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FA9279EDFAAD" box="[1063,1167,1383,1407]" gridcol="6" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">13.1</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FA92786FFAAD" box="[1188,1293,1383,1407]" gridcol="7" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">13.2</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FA9278EFFAAD" box="[1314,1421,1383,1407]" gridcol="8" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">13.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FA7A78EFFA75" box="[161,1421,1423,1447]" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FA7A7C01FA75" box="[161,355,1423,1447]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Pelvic-fin length</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFA7A7F75FA75" box="[376,535,1423,1447]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFA7A7FFAFA75" box="[556,664,1423,1447]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FA7A7E7AFA75" box="[687,792,1423,1447]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFA7A7EF7FA75" box="[813,917,1423,1447]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">7.0</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFA7A7970FA75" box="[937,1042,1423,1447]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">7.1</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FA7A79EDFA75" box="[1063,1167,1423,1447]" gridcol="6" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.4</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FA7A786FFA75" box="[1188,1293,1423,1447]" gridcol="7" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">7.2</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FA7A78EFFA75" box="[1314,1421,1423,1447]" gridcol="8" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FA4278EFFA1D" box="[161,1421,1463,1487]" gridrow="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FA427C01FA1D" box="[161,355,1463,1487]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Body depth</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFA427F75FA1D" box="[376,535,1463,1487]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">12.5</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFA427FFAFA1D" box="[556,664,1463,1487]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">13.0</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FA427E7AFA1D" box="[687,792,1463,1487]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">12.5</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFA427EF7FA1D" box="[813,917,1463,1487]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">12.8</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFA427970FA1D" box="[937,1042,1463,1487]" gridcol="5" gridrow="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">13.1</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FA4279EDFA1D" box="[1063,1167,1463,1487]" gridcol="6" gridrow="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">13.4</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FA42786FFA1D" box="[1188,1293,1463,1487]" gridcol="7" gridrow="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">13.1</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FA4278EFFA1D" box="[1314,1421,1463,1487]" gridcol="8" gridrow="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">8.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56FA2A78EFFA25" box="[161,1421,1503,1527]" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56FA2A7C01FA25" box="[161,355,1503,1527]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Caudal-fin length</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FFA2A7F75FA25" box="[376,535,1503,1527]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">16.7</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBFA2A7FFAFA25" box="[556,664,1503,1527]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">18.9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58FA2A7E7AFA25" box="[687,792,1503,1527]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">17.1</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAFA2A7EF7FA25" box="[813,917,1503,1527]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">17.0</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EFA2A7970FA25" box="[937,1042,1503,1527]" gridcol="5" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">17.6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0FA2A79EDFA25" box="[1063,1167,1503,1527]" gridcol="6" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">16.6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53FA2A786FFA25" box="[1188,1293,1503,1527]" gridcol="7" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">17.5</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5FA2A78EFFA25" box="[1314,1421,1503,1527]" gridcol="8" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">13.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56F9FD78EFF996" box="[161,1421,1544,1604]" gridrow="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56F9FD7C01F996" box="[161,355,1544,1604]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Caudal-peduncle depth</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FF9FD7F75F996" box="[376,535,1544,1604]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">5.7</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBF9FD7FFAF996" box="[556,664,1544,1604]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.3</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58F9FD7E7AF996" box="[687,792,1544,1604]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">5.8</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAF9FD7EF7F996" box="[813,917,1544,1604]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.4</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EF9FD7970F996" box="[937,1042,1544,1604]" gridcol="5" gridrow="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0F9FD79EDF996" box="[1063,1167,1544,1604]" gridcol="6" gridrow="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.7</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53F9FD786FF996" box="[1188,1293,1544,1604]" gridcol="7" gridrow="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.5</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5F9FD78EFF996" box="[1314,1421,1544,1604]" gridcol="8" gridrow="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56F9A178EFF942" box="[161,1421,1620,1680]" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56F9A17C01F942" box="[161,355,1620,1680]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Dorsal-fin base length</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FF9A17F75F942" box="[376,535,1620,1680]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">16.3</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBF9A17FFAF942" box="[556,664,1620,1680]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">21.7</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58F9A17E7AF942" box="[687,792,1620,1680]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">17.5</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAF9A17EF7F942" box="[813,917,1620,1680]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">17.8</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EF9A17970F942" box="[937,1042,1620,1680]" gridcol="5" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">16.3</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0F9A179EDF942" box="[1063,1167,1620,1680]" gridcol="6" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">18.1</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53F9A1786FF942" box="[1188,1293,1620,1680]" gridcol="7" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">18.3</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5F9A178EFF942" box="[1314,1421,1620,1680]" gridcol="8" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">18.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56F95578EFF90E" box="[161,1421,1696,1756]" gridrow="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56F9557C01F90E" box="[161,355,1696,1756]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Anal-fin base length</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FF9557F75F90E" box="[376,535,1696,1756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">5.4</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBF9557FFAF90E" box="[556,664,1696,1756]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">5.2</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58F9557E7AF90E" box="[687,792,1696,1756]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.2</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAF9557EF7F90E" box="[813,917,1696,1756]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">5.4</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EF9557970F90E" box="[937,1042,1696,1756]" gridcol="5" gridrow="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">6.3</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0F95579EDF90E" box="[1063,1167,1696,1756]" gridcol="6" gridrow="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">5.1</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53F955786FF90E" box="[1188,1293,1696,1756]" gridcol="7" gridrow="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">5.4</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5F95578EFF90E" box="[1314,1421,1696,1756]" gridcol="8" gridrow="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">5.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56F91978EFF8FA" box="[161,1421,1772,1832]" gridrow="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56F91978EFF8FA" box="[161,1421,1772,1832]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE6FF8AFF56F9197D83F8FA" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Proportions as % of HL</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56F8CD78EFF882" box="[161,1421,1848,1872]" gridrow="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56F8CD7C01F882" box="[161,355,1848,1872]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Orbital diameter</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FF8CD7F75F882" box="[376,535,1848,1872]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">23.9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBF8CD7FFAF882" box="[556,664,1848,1872]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">26.6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58F8CD7E7AF882" box="[687,792,1848,1872]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">26.0</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAF8CD7EF7F882" box="[813,917,1848,1872]" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">24.3</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EF8CD7970F882" box="[937,1042,1848,1872]" gridcol="5" gridrow="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">25.0</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0F8CD79EDF882" box="[1063,1167,1848,1872]" gridcol="6" gridrow="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">23.9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53F8CD786FF882" box="[1188,1293,1848,1872]" gridcol="7" gridrow="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">25.5</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5F8CD78EFF882" box="[1314,1421,1848,1872]" gridcol="8" gridrow="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">22.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56F89578EFF8AA" box="[161,1421,1888,1912]" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56F8957C01F8AA" box="[161,355,1888,1912]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Interorbital width</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FF8957F75F8AA" box="[376,535,1888,1912]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">28.4</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBF8957FFAF8AA" box="[556,664,1888,1912]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">30.4</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58F8957E7AF8AA" box="[687,792,1888,1912]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">29.5</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAF8957EF7F8AA" box="[813,917,1888,1912]" gridcol="4" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">28.1</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EF8957970F8AA" box="[937,1042,1888,1912]" gridcol="5" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">27.9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0F89579EDF8AA" box="[1063,1167,1888,1912]" gridcol="6" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">30.6</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53F895786FF8AA" box="[1188,1293,1888,1912]" gridcol="7" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">30.4</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5F89578EFF8AA" box="[1314,1421,1888,1912]" gridcol="8" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">24.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFE60076FF56F87D78EFF873" box="[161,1421,1928,1953]" gridrow="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DA5DECFFE60076FF56F87D7C01F873" box="[161,355,1928,1953]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Snout length</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FE8FF87D7F75F873" box="[376,535,1928,1953]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">28.4</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FDDBF87D7FFAF873" box="[556,664,1928,1953]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">30.4</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FD58F87D7E7AF873" box="[687,792,1928,1953]" gridcol="3" gridrow="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">28.9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FCDAF87D7EF7F873" box="[813,917,1928,1953]" gridcol="4" gridrow="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">29.2</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FC5EF87D7970F873" box="[937,1042,1928,1953]" gridcol="5" gridrow="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">27.3</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FBD0F87D79EDF873" box="[1063,1167,1928,1953]" gridcol="6" gridrow="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">28.9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FB53F87D786FF873" box="[1188,1293,1928,1953]" gridcol="7" gridrow="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">31.7</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFE60076FAD5F87D78EFF873" box="[1314,1421,1928,1953]" gridcol="8" gridrow="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">25.5</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE6FF8AFF60F85B7937F814" blockId="3.[151,1109,1966,1990]" box="[151,1109,1966,1990]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE6FF8AFF60F85B7DD2F814" box="[151,176,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">ub</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE6FF8AFF15F85B7D8DF814" box="[226,239,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">b</emphasis>
of caudal-fin rays in parentheses indicate &quot;unbranched&quot; and &quot;branched&quot;, respectively.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF44665AFFE1FF8DFF60FC877C5FFC7C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14389513" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14389513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14389513/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" startId="4.[151,250,882,906]" targetBox="[157,1429,181,852]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE1FF8DFF60FC877C5FFC7C" blockId="4.[151,1436,882,942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE1FF8DFF60FC877C7BFC58" bold="true" box="[151,281,882,906]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Schematic diagrams of snout scales, head scales, predorsal scales, and lateral series scales in species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE1FF8DFF60FC637C54FC7C" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,310,918,942]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE1FF8DFF60FC637C54FC7C" box="[151,310,918,942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Zenarchopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF44665AFFE1FF8DFF60FA747E64FA6F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14389517" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14389517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14389517/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" startId="4.[151,250,1409,1433]" targetBox="[151,1436,1002,1385]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE1FF8DFF60FA747E64FA6F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1409,1469]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE1FF8DFF60FA747C75FA4B" bold="true" box="[151,279,1409,1433]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Radiograph of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE1FF8DFE33FA747FBBFA4B" authorityName="Liao &amp; Thiel &amp; Chang" authorityYear="2024" box="[452,729,1409,1433]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="takaoensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE1FF8DFE33FA747FBBFA4B" box="[452,729,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Zenarchopterus takaoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE1FF8DFD13FA747E5BFA4B" bold="true" box="[740,825,1409,1433]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57BBFFE1FF8DFD13FA747E5BFA4B" box="[740,825,1409,1433]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from Taiwan. ZMH 6543, Paratype, male, 70.7 mm SL, Kaohsiung City (Takao, Formosa, Hans Sauter, V–VII 1907).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE1FF8DFF30F9F2799BF8B7" blockId="4.[151,1437,1543,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">
Single dorsal-fin, dorsal-fin short, dorsal-fin base length 6.1 (4.6–6.1) in SL; its origin behind vertical line at middle between pelvic-fin and anal-fin, dorsal-fin spine absent, with 11 (11–12) soft rays, anterior and posterior rays slightly shorter than others. Anal-fin base 18.7 (15.9–19.6) in SL; its origin behind vertical line of 5 
<superScript id="7C4E9B9AFFE1FF8DFACDF9BA7825F98F" attach="left" box="[1338,1351,1615,1629]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">th</superScript>
dorsal-fin ray base, anal-fin spine absent, with one unbranched and 8 branched soft rays, 1 
<superScript id="7C4E9B9AFFE1FF8DFBC8F9867928F953" attach="left" box="[1087,1098,1651,1665]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">st</superScript>
ray shortest, 5–7 
<superScript id="7C4E9B9AFFE1FF8DFAFCF986787AF953" attach="left" box="[1291,1304,1651,1665]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">th</superScript>
rays longer than others, 6 
<superScript id="7C4E9B9AFFE1FF8DFEC7F9627C5FF977" attach="left" box="[304,317,1687,1701]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">th</superScript>
ray not thickened and elongated. Caudal-fin slightly rounded or truncated, lower lob slightly acute, caudal-fin length 6.0 (5.3–6.0) in SL, caudal-peduncle depth 2.9 (2.1–3.0) in caudal-fin length, caudal-fin with 17 (17–18) soft rays. Pectoral-fin short, pectoral-fin length 7.7 (7.1–7.7) in SL, with 9 branched soft rays. Pelvic-fin short, pelvic-fin length 14.5 (13.9–15.6) in SL, with one unbranched and 8 branched soft rays; its origin before dorsal-fin. Gill rakers on 1st arch with 2 upper and 9 (6–11) lower slender fences. Vertebrae: with 30 abdominal vertebrae + 11 caudal vertebrae, total 41; with 5 anal-fin pterygiophores anterior to 1 
<superScript id="7C4E9B9AFFE1FF8DFBBBF8BE7935F88B" attach="left" box="[1100,1111,1867,1881]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">st</superScript>
haemal spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE1FF8DFF30F89A794AF827" blockId="4.[151,1437,1543,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Head length 4.4 (4.1–4.4) in SL. Eye moderate, orbital diameter 4.2 (3.8–4.4) in HL, interorbital width 3.5 (3.3–4.0) in HL. Upper jaw triangular, Snout slightly longer than width, snout width 1.1 (1.0–1.1) in snout length; lower jaw length 2.4 (2.1–2.3) in SL. Teeth on jaws small, dense. Nasal papilla short and elongate, its length about 1/2 orbital diameter. Body slender and elongated; body depth 8.0 (7.4–8.0) in SL.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF44665AFFE0FF8CFF60FB967F7DFB4D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14389519" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14389519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14389519/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" startId="5.[151,250,1123,1147]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1099]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE0FF8CFF60FB967F7DFB4D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1123,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE0FF8CFF60FB967C70FBA9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1123,1147]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Photographs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE0FF8CFE41FB967FA7FBA9" authorityName="Liao &amp; Thiel &amp; Chang" authorityYear="2024" box="[438,709,1123,1147]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="takaoensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE0FF8CFE41FB967FA7FBA9" box="[438,709,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Zenarchopterus takaoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE0FF8CFD3CFB967E78FBA9" bold="true" box="[715,794,1123,1147]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57BBFFE0FF8CFD3CFB967E78FBA9" box="[715,794,1123,1147]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A: lateral; B: anterior dorsal. ASIZP0081778, Paratype, female, 76.1 mm SL, Dongshi, Chiayi County.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF44665AFFE0FF8CFF60F8EE7C8EF88A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14389523" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14389523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14389523/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" startId="5.[151,250,1819,1843]" targetBox="[179,1407,1333,1719]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE0FF8CFF60F8EE7C8EF88A" blockId="5.[151,1436,1819,1880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE0FF8CFF60F8EE7C70F8E6" bold="true" box="[151,274,1819,1844]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Snout and head scales of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE0FF8CFDE1F8E97E45F8E6" authorityName="Liao &amp; Thiel &amp; Chang" authorityYear="2024" box="[534,807,1820,1844]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="takaoensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE0FF8CFDE1F8E97E45F8E6" box="[534,807,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Zenarchopterus takaoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE0FF8CFCDBF8E97E1EF8E6" bold="true" box="[812,892,1820,1844]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57BBFFE0FF8CFCDBF8E97E1EF8E6" box="[812,892,1820,1844]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, Dorsal view: ASIZP0081778, Paratype, female, 76.1 mm SL, Dongshi, Chiayi County.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE0FF8FFF30F85F796DFE03" blockId="5.[151,1436,1962,2024]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
Scales cycloid, snout scales 7 (7–8) in 3 rows; predorsal scales 33 (33–34), arranged in two series: anterior series including 4 head scales and 9 scales directed posteriorly to middle of body, posterior series including 21 (20–21) scales directed posteriorly until dorsal-fin base; first scale covering two scale series. Second lateral scale 43 (42–45), 10 
<superScript id="7C4E9B9AFFE3FF8FFEEEFF4F7C44FF1A" attach="left" box="[281,294,186,200]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">th</superScript>
scale covering two series. Third lateral scales starting above opercle, with 44 (40–45) scales, 8 
<superScript id="7C4E9B9AFFE3FF8FFAB4FF4F7832FF1A" attach="left" box="[1347,1360,186,200]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">th</superScript>
(7–9 
<superScript id="7C4E9B9AFFE3FF8FFA71FF4F78F1FF1A" attach="none" box="[1414,1427,186,200]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">th</superScript>
) scale covering two series. Fourth lateral scales running after pectoral-fin base, with 38 (39–40) scales. Lateral line scales trifurcated and located on lower body, 4 (3–4) scales direct upward to pectoral-fin base, 5 (3–5) scales direct anteriorly to thorax, with 41 (39–42) scales running posteriorly to caudal-fin base with additional small scales on caudal-fin membrane, 30 
<superScript id="7C4E9B9AFFE3FF8FFE59FEBF7CD9FE8A" attach="left" box="[430,443,330,344]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">th</superScript>
(29–31 
<superScript id="7C4E9B9AFFE3FF8FFDE7FEBF7F7FFE8A" attach="none" box="[528,541,330,344]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">th</superScript>
) lateral scale located on vertical line of anal-fin start. Membrane scale on dorsal-fin, anal-fin absent. Anal papilla sexually dimorphic, anal papilla teardrop-shaped and expanded with elongated and slender projection in male, genital opening pointed at tip; anal papilla ellipse with prominent slender projection in female, genital opening at base of projection with two small flaps on two sides.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE3FF8FFF30FE2E79C6FB73" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
Color when fresh: Head lateral side upper half dark brown and lower part silver, lower jaw dark green and pigmented with yellow anterior end, proximal of lower jaw pigmented, maxillary pigmented, ventral lower jaw with longitudinal pigmented flap and stripe, thorax with longitudinal line and peripheral pigmentation; lower half orbital socket with dashed line, dorsal surface of orbital pigmented not extending posteriorly to vertical line of posterior eye; upper half of opercle pigmented; snout with prominent pigmentation or dark mark, extended posteriorly to middle interorbital, nasal papilla white without pigmentation, nasal socket pigmented. Body sides silver with prominent longitudinal gray stripe under dorsal-fin, starting from vertical line of first dorsal-fin ray running posteriorly to caudal-fin base, with pigmentation extending to base of caudal-fin rays; one dashed line running along lower margin of 3 
<superScript id="7C4E9B9AFFE3FF8FFF33FD0F7DB0FCDA" attach="left" box="[196,210,762,776]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">rd</superScript>
lateral scale row, starting above pectoral-fin, running posteriorly and connecting to longitudinal stripe; belly white, area between lateral stripe and belly not pigmented. Dorsal body with three longitudinal dashed lines running posteriorly to anterior dorsal-fin, oval-like dash-like pigmentation on margin of 2 
<superScript id="7C4E9B9AFFE3FF8FFBDAFCB7795FFC82" attach="left" box="[1069,1085,834,848]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">nd</superScript>
and on upper half of 3 
<superScript id="7C4E9B9AFFE3FF8FFAB6FCB7782DFC82" attach="left" box="[1345,1359,834,848]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">rd</superScript>
lateral scales scattered posteriorly to dorsal-fin base until caudal-fin base; area above anal-fin base pigmented on two sides and running posteriorly to caudal-fin base; ventral body with longitudinal dash-like pigmentation between middle body to pelvic-fin. Color in preserved specimens: in ZMH 6543, body uniformly pale, lower jaw, maxillary, upper half opercle, dorsal surface of orbital, and area after interorbital prominently pigmented. Body sides with unclear longitudinal white stripe with dash-like pigmentation running posteriorly from upper pectoral-fin to caudal-fin base; dorsal body with three dashed lines running posteriorly under dorsal-fin base and to caudal-fin base; area above anal-fin base pigmented on two sides and running posteriorly to caudal-fin base; ventral body with longitudinal dash-like pigmentation between middle body and pelvic-fin. However, snout with prominent pigmentation or dark mark in all 
<typeStatus id="54808870FFE3FF8FFEEFFB727C2AFB73" box="[280,328,1159,1185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
specimens except ZMH 6543 because of absence of snout scale (
<tableCitation id="C6B90369FFE3FF8FFBD3FB7279F0FB73" box="[1060,1170,1159,1185]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,244,150,176]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Counts and proportional measurements of characters in Zenarchopterus takaoensis sp. nov." pageId="6" pageNumber="13">TABLE 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216559FFE3FF8FFF30FB5F7E0AFADF" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE3FF8FFF30FB5F7E0AFADF" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE3FF8FFF30FB5F7C3BFB16" bold="true" box="[199,345,1194,1220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Distribution</emphasis>
. Currently known only from the estuary from southwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F32C7642FFE3FF8FFBF3FB5E7938FB17" box="[1028,1114,1195,1221]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
. However, after an intensive collection around 
<collectingCountry id="F32C7642FFE3FF8FFEA8FB3A7CD6FB3B" box="[351,436,1231,1257]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, it was not seen at 
<collectingRegion id="49FFF830FFE3FF8FFD75FB3A7E53FB3B" box="[642,817,1231,1257]" country="Taiwan" name="Kaohsiung" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Kaohsiung City</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="49FFF830FFE3FF8FFC91FB3A7EBDFB3B" box="[870,991,1231,1257]" country="Taiwan" name="Kaohsiung" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Kaohsiung</collectingRegion>
Harbor. The original habitats might had been destroyed and lost during the harbor construction in 1970s.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216559FFE3FF8FFF30FAE27EE2FAAB" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE3FF8FFF30FAE27EE2FAAB" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE3FF8FFF30FAE27C2AFAE3" bold="true" box="[199,328,1303,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Etymology</emphasis>
. The new species is named after the 
<typeStatus id="54808870FFE3FF8FFD14FAE27E71FAE3" box="[739,787,1303,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
locality “Takao”, based on the 
<typeStatus id="54808870FFE3FF8FFB86FAE279C3FAE3" box="[1137,1185,1303,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
specimen in the ZMH labeled “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE3FF8FFF0CFACE7CB6FA87" box="[251,468,1339,1365]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE3FF8FFF0CFACE7CC9FA87" box="[251,427,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Zenarchopterus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, Takao, Formosa, Hans Sauter, 
<date id="FF851012FFE3FF8FFCC2FACE7EA0FA87" box="[821,962,1339,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" value="1907-05" valueMax="1907-07-31" valueMin="1907-05-00">V–VII 1907</date>
”. “Takao” was the old name of 
<collectingRegion id="49FFF830FFE3FF8FFAD4FACE7DAAFAAB" country="Taiwan" name="Kaohsiung" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Kaohsiung City</collectingRegion>
, and “Formosa” was the old name of 
<collectingCountry id="F32C7642FFE3FF8FFD9AFAAA7FDDFAAB" box="[621,703,1375,1401]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
during that time.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216559FFE3FF81FF30FA767FBCFA9F" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE3FF8FFF30FA767CD7F94B" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE3FF8FFF30FA767C59FA4F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1411,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</emphasis>
The prominent differences between the new species and the other three congeners in this region are as follows: snout slightly longer than width, rather than wider than length as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE3FF8FFBEEFA5279F3FA13" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[1049,1169,1447,1473]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buffonis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE3FF8FFBEEFA5279F3FA13" box="[1049,1169,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Z. buffonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE3FF8FFB57FA527864FA13" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1847" box="[1184,1286,1447,1473]" family="Hemiramphidae" genus="Hemiramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE3FF8FFB57FA527864FA13" box="[1184,1286,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Z. dispar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE3FF8FFAE3FA5278F6FA13" authorityName="Mohr" authorityYear="1926" box="[1300,1428,1447,1473]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dunckeri">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE3FF8FFAE3FA5278F6FA13" box="[1300,1428,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Z. dunckeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; only 9 anal-fin rays rather than 
<quantity id="4CC39B37FFE3FF8FFDF5FA3E7F5FFA37" box="[514,573,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="12.0">12 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE3FF8FFDB2FA3E7FDDFA37" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[581,703,1483,1509]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buffonis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE3FF8FFDB2FA3E7FDDFA37" box="[581,703,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Z. buffonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<quantity id="4CC39B37FFE3FF8FFCF7FA3E7E01FA37" box="[768,867,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" metricValueMax="3.302" metricValueMin="2.794" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="12.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="11.0">11–13 in</quantity>
others; prominent pigmentation or dark marks on snout, rather than dark stripe on middle snout in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE3FF8FFD44FA1A7E49F9DB" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[691,811,1519,1545]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buffonis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE3FF8FFD44FA1A7E49F9DB" box="[691,811,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Z. buffonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and without prominent pigmentation nor dark stripe on snout in others; dorsal body pigmented with three longitudinal dashed lines, rather than slender or bold longitudinal lines as in others; anterior longitudinal lateral stripe on body with dashed line, rather than prominent slender stripe; ventral body with one longitudinal dashed line, rather than absent in others. For more comparisons between these congeners, see 
<tableCitation id="C6B90369FFE3FF8FFEB6F98A7CD3F94B" box="[321,433,1663,1689]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,152,176]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of selected characters for Zenarchopterus takaoensis sp. nov. and three congeners." pageId="6" pageNumber="13">TABLE 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE3FF8FFF30F9567CFDF80F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE3FF8FFF30F9567C97F96F" authorityName="Liao &amp; Thiel &amp; Chang" authorityYear="2024" box="[199,501,1699,1725]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="takaoensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE3FF8FFF30F9567C97F96F" box="[199,501,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Zenarchopterus takaoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57BBFFE3FF8FFE0AF9567F36F96F" box="[509,596,1699,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE3FF8FFD10F9567E3DF96F" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[743,863,1699,1725]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buffonis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE3FF8FFD10F9567E3DF96F" box="[743,863,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Z. buffonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that 6 
<superScript id="7C4E9B9AFFE3FF8FFC33F9577EB3F962" attach="left" box="[964,977,1698,1712]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">th</superScript>
anal-fin ray and 4–5 
<superScript id="7C4E9B9AFFE3FF8FFB4CF95779AAF962" attach="left" box="[1211,1224,1698,1712]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">th</superScript>
dorsal-fin rays are not elongated in the adult male. However, the former differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE3FF8FFC83F9327E89F933" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[884,1003,1735,1761]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buffonis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE3FF8FFC83F9327E89F933" box="[884,1003,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Z. buffonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the following ways: with prominent pigmentation or dark mark on snout, rather than prominent dark stripe on middle snout; anterior nasal papilla not pigmented, rather than pigmented in latter; anterior dorsal body with three longitudinal dashed lines running posteriorly to anterior dorsal-fin, oval-like dash-like pigmentation on margin of 2 
<superScript id="7C4E9B9AFFE3FF8FFBDAF8C7795FF892" attach="left" box="[1069,1085,1842,1856]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">nd</superScript>
and on upper half of 3 
<superScript id="7C4E9B9AFFE3FF8FFAB6F8C7782DF892" attach="left" box="[1345,1359,1842,1856]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">rd</superScript>
lateral series scales scattered posteriorly to dorsal-fin base until caudal-fin base, rather than dorsal longitudinal line slender on two sides and one bold line in middle, 2 
<superScript id="7C4E9B9AFFE3FF8FFD8EF88F7FEBF85A" attach="left" box="[633,649,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">nd</superScript>
and 3 
<superScript id="7C4E9B9AFFE3FF8FFD39F88F7FBEF85A" attach="left" box="[718,732,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">rd</superScript>
lateral series scales pigmented entirely; dorsal-fin and anal-fin membrane not pigmented in adult, rather than pigmented in adult; 6 
<superScript id="7C4E9B9AFFE3FF8FFC71F86B7EF1F87E" attach="left" box="[902,915,1950,1964]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">th</superScript>
anal-fin ray not thickened in adult male, rather than thickened in latter.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF44665AFFE2FF8EFF60F8707FB9F813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14389525" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14389525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14389525/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" startId="7.[151,250,1925,1949]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1901]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFE2FF8EFF60F8707FB9F813" blockId="7.[151,1436,1925,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE2FF8EFF60F8707C71F84F" bold="true" box="[151,275,1925,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
The anal papilla of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFE2FF8EFE15F8707F91F84F" authorityName="Liao &amp; Thiel &amp; Chang" authorityYear="2024" box="[482,755,1925,1949]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="takaoensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE2FF8EFE15F8707F91F84F" box="[482,755,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Zenarchopterus takaoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFE2FF8EFD0DF8707E29F84F" bold="true" box="[762,843,1925,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57BBFFE2FF8EFD0DF8707E29F84F" box="[762,843,1925,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Ventral view: A: ASIZP0081779, Holotype, 76.6 mm SL, male; B: ASIZP0081778, Paratype, 76.1 mm SL, female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF44665AFFEDFF81FF60FF6D7868FF63" box="[151,1290,152,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" startId="8.[151,239,152,176]" targetBox="[163,1398,192,1144]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFEDFF81FF60FF6D7868FF63" blockId="8.[151,1290,152,177]" box="[151,1290,152,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFEDFF81FF60FF6D7C68FF62" bold="true" box="[151,266,152,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Comparison of selected characters for 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFEDFF81FD5BFF6D7EA9FF62" authorityName="Liao &amp; Thiel &amp; Chang" authorityYear="2024" box="[684,971,152,176]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="takaoensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFEDFF81FD5BFF6D7EA9FF62" box="[684,971,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Zenarchopterus takaoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFEDFF81FC25FF6C7945FF63" bold="true" box="[978,1063,153,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57BBFFEDFF81FC25FF6C7945FF63" box="[978,1063,153,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and three congeners.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFEDFF81FF54FF357992FBB7" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<table id="F93BC472FFED0076FF54FF357814FBAA" box="[163,1398,192,1144]" gridcols="5" gridrows="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<tr id="350B3490FFED0076FF54FF357814FF2E" box="[163,1398,192,252]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76DA5DECFFED0076FF54FF357CEAFF2E" box="[163,392,192,252]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFEDFF81FF54FF357D90FF2E" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Counts and Color/ Species</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DA5DECFFED0076FE53FF357F3EFF2E" box="[420,604,192,252]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFEDFF81FE53FF267F4BFF38" authorityName="Liao &amp; Thiel &amp; Chang" authorityYear="2024" box="[420,553,210,234]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="takaoensis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFEDFF81FE53FF267F4BFF38" box="[420,553,210,234]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Z. takaoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76DA5DECFFED0076FD52FF357E16FF2E" box="[677,884,192,252]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFEDFF81FD52FF267E79FF38" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[677,795,210,234]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buffornis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFEDFF81FD52FF267E79FF38" box="[677,795,210,234]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Z. buffornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76DA5DECFFED0076FC51FF357917FF2E" box="[934,1141,192,252]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFEDFF81FC51FF267963FF38" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1847" box="[934,1025,210,234]" family="Hemiramphidae" genus="Hemiramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFEDFF81FC51FF267963FF38" box="[934,1025,210,234]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Z. dispar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76DA5DECFFED0076FB50FF357814FF2E" box="[1191,1398,192,252]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFEDFF81FB50FF267878FF38" authority="Snout" authorityName="Snout" box="[1191,1306,210,234]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dunckeri">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFEDFF81FB50FF267878FF38" box="[1191,1306,210,234]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Z. dunckeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFED0076FF54FEF97814FEF7" box="[163,1398,268,293]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76DA5DECFFED0076FF54FEF97CEAFEF7" box="[163,392,268,293]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Snout length/width</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FE53FEF97F3EFEF7" box="[420,604,268,293]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">1.0–1.1</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FD52FEF97E16FEF7" box="[677,884,268,293]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">0.7–0.9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FC51FEF97917FEF7" box="[934,1141,268,293]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">0.7–0.9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FB50FEF97814FEF7" box="[1191,1398,268,293]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">0.6–1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFED0076FF54FEC07814FE9F" box="[163,1398,309,333]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76DA5DECFFED0076FF54FEC07CEAFE9F" box="[163,392,309,333]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Snout scales</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FE53FEC07F3EFE9F" box="[420,604,309,333]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">7–8 in 3 rows</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FD52FEC07E16FE9F" box="[677,884,309,333]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">8–9 in 3–4 rows</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FC51FEC07917FE9F" box="[934,1141,309,333]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">9–11 in 4–5 rows</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FB50FEC07814FE9F" box="[1191,1398,309,333]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">7–9 in 3–4 rows</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFED0076FF54FEA87814FEA7" box="[163,1398,349,373]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76DA5DECFFED0076FF54FEA87CEAFEA7" box="[163,392,349,373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Predorsal scales</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FE53FEA87F3EFEA7" box="[420,604,349,373]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">33–34</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FD52FEA87E16FEA7" box="[677,884,349,373]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">32–35</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FC51FEA87917FEA7" box="[934,1141,349,373]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">31–37</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FB50FEA87814FEA7" box="[1191,1398,349,373]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">31–34</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFED0076FF54FE707814FE4C" box="[163,1398,389,414]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76DA5DECFFED0076FF54FE707CEAFE4C" box="[163,392,389,414]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Anal-fin rays</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FE53FE707F3EFE4C" box="[420,604,389,414]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FD52FE707E16FE4C" box="[677,884,389,414]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">12</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FC51FE707917FE4C" box="[934,1141,389,414]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">11–13</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FB50FE707814FE4C" box="[1191,1398,389,414]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">11–13</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFED0076FF54FE587814FE14" box="[163,1398,429,454]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76DA5DECFFED0076FF54FE587CEAFE14" box="[163,392,429,454]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Pectoral-fin rays</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FE53FE587F3EFE14" box="[420,604,429,454]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FD52FE587E16FE14" box="[677,884,429,454]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">8–9</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FC51FE587917FE14" box="[934,1141,429,454]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">9–10</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FB50FE587814FE14" box="[1191,1398,429,454]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFED0076FF54FE237814FDC0" box="[163,1398,470,530]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76DA5DECFFED0076FF54FE237CEAFDC0" box="[163,392,470,530]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Gill raker on first arch</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FE53FE237F3EFDC0" box="[420,604,470,530]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">2 + (6–11) = 8–13</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FD52FE237E16FDC0" box="[677,884,470,530]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">(3–5) + (12–15) = 16–18</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FC51FE237917FDC0" box="[934,1141,470,530]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">(3–5) + (12–15) = 16–18</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FB50FE237814FDC0" box="[1191,1398,470,530]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">(3–6) + (11–13) = 15–18</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFED0076FF54FDD77814FD8C" box="[163,1398,546,606]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76DA5DECFFED0076FF54FDD77CEAFD8C" box="[163,392,546,606]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Vertebrae</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FE53FDD77F3EFD8C" box="[420,604,546,606]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">30 + 11 = 41</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FD52FDD77E16FD8C" box="[677,884,546,606]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">(27–28) + (12–13) = 40–42</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FC51FDD77917FD8C" box="[934,1141,546,606]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">(26–30) + (13–15) = 40–43</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FB50FDD77814FD8C" box="[1191,1398,546,606]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">(24–30) + (12–14) = 37–42</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFED0076FF54FD9B7814FD78" box="[163,1398,622,682]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76DA5DECFFED0076FF54FD9B7CEAFD78" box="[163,392,622,682]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">6th anal-fin elongated in adult male</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FE53FD9B7F3EFD78" box="[420,604,622,682]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">absent</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FD52FD9B7E16FD78" box="[677,884,622,682]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">absent</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FC51FD9B7917FD78" box="[934,1141,622,682]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">present</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FB50FD9B7814FD78" box="[1191,1398,622,682]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">present</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFED0076FF54FD4F7814FD24" box="[163,1398,698,758]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76DA5DECFFED0076FF54FD4F7CEAFD24" box="[163,392,698,758]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">4–5th dorsal-fin ray with flap in adult male</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FE53FD4F7F3EFD24" box="[420,604,698,758]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">absent</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FD52FD4F7E16FD24" box="[677,884,698,758]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">absent</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FC51FD4F7917FD24" box="[934,1141,698,758]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">present</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FB50FD4F7814FD24" box="[1191,1398,698,758]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">present</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFED0076FF54FCF27814FC91" box="[163,1398,775,835]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76DA5DECFFED0076FF54FCF27CEAFC91" box="[163,392,775,835]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Prominent stripe on middle snout</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FE53FCF27F3EFC91" box="[420,604,775,835]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">absent</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FD52FCF27E16FC91" box="[677,884,775,835]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">present</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FC51FCF27917FC91" box="[934,1141,775,835]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">absent</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FB50FCF27814FC91" box="[1191,1398,775,835]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFED0076FF54FCA67814FC5D" box="[163,1398,851,911]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76DA5DECFFED0076FF54FCA67CEAFC5D" box="[163,392,851,911]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Longitude lines on anterior dorsal body</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FE53FCA67F3EFC5D" box="[420,604,851,911]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">3 dashed lines</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FD52FCA67E16FC5D" box="[677,884,851,911]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">3 lines, middle bold</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FC51FCA67917FC5D" box="[934,1141,851,911]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">3 slender lines</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FB50FCA67814FC5D" box="[1191,1398,851,911]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">3 slender lines</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFED0076FF54FC6A7814FC65" box="[163,1398,927,951]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76DA5DECFFED0076FF54FC6A7CEAFC65" box="[163,392,927,951]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Anterior lateral stripe</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FE53FC6A7F3EFC65" box="[420,604,927,951]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">dash-like</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FD52FC6A7E16FC65" box="[677,884,927,951]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">slender stripe</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FC51FC6A7917FC65" box="[934,1141,927,951]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">slender stripe</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FB50FC6A7814FC65" box="[1191,1398,927,951]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">slender stripe</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFED0076FF54FC327814FC0D" box="[163,1398,967,991]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76DA5DECFFED0076FF54FC327CEAFC0D" box="[163,392,967,991]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Ventral body line</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FE53FC327F3EFC0D" box="[420,604,967,991]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">dashed line</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FD52FC327E16FC0D" box="[677,884,967,991]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">absent</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FC51FC327917FC0D" box="[934,1141,967,991]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">absent</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FB50FC327814FC0D" box="[1191,1398,967,991]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFED0076FF54FC057814FBFE" box="[163,1398,1008,1068]" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76DA5DECFFED0076FF54FC057CEAFBFE" box="[163,392,1008,1068]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Dorsal-fin membrane pigmentated</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FE53FC057F3EFBFE" box="[420,604,1008,1068]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">absent</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FD52FC057E16FBFE" box="[677,884,1008,1068]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">present</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FC51FC057917FBFE" box="[934,1141,1008,1068]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">present</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FB50FC057814FBFE" box="[1191,1398,1008,1068]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">present</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350B3490FFED0076FF54FBC97814FBAA" box="[163,1398,1084,1144]" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76DA5DECFFED0076FF54FBC97CEAFBAA" box="[163,392,1084,1144]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Anal-fin membrane pigmented</th>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FE53FBC97F3EFBAA" box="[420,604,1084,1144]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">absent</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FD52FBC97E16FBAA" box="[677,884,1084,1144]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">present</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FC51FBC97917FBAA" box="[934,1141,1084,1144]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">present</td>
<td id="76DA5DECFFED0076FB50FBC97814FBAA" box="[1191,1398,1084,1144]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">present</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436D2FFEDFF81FF30FB327FBCFA9F" blockId="8.[151,1436,1223,1358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
All the specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D51FFEDFF81FE34FB327F96FB33" authorityName="Liao &amp; Thiel &amp; Chang" authorityYear="2024" box="[451,756,1223,1249]" family="Zenarchopteridae" genus="Zenarchopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="takaoensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAC0FFEDFF81FE34FB327F96FB33" box="[451,756,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Zenarchopterus takaoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57BBFFEDFF81FD09FB3D7E3AFB30" box="[766,856,1224,1250]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
were collected by pole and line fishing and were smaller than other congeners in 
<collectingCountry id="F32C7642FFEDFF81FDF9FB1E7F06FAD7" box="[526,612,1259,1285]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
. The species might be difficult to collect by traditional trawling or net fishing because of its small size and lower economic value. However, it has often been overlooked or confused with other species, making it a cryptic species in 
<collectingCountry id="F32C7642FFEDFF81FD73FAC67FB8FA9F" box="[644,730,1331,1357]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>