312 lines
37 KiB
XML
312 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="212E1B79CA6DC730A9226B2C09546F41" ID-CLB-Dataset="298388" ID-DOI="10.5194/fr-18-81-2015" ID-GBIF-Dataset="49a593d2-44ce-420d-a608-8533ec6745ac" ID-ISSN="2193-0074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11585625" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1716844663622" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Titus, A. L., Korn, D., Harrell, J. E. & Lambert, L. L." docDate="2015" docId="039287BEFC51FFA3FCE6FB79FD36FF73" docLanguage="en" docName="FossRec.18.2.81-104.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Record 18 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-18-81-2015" docStyle="DocumentStyle:1B3764FFAC190C6D25C29F616DE4358D.2:FossRec.2014-2021.journal_article" docStyleId="1B3764FFAC190C6D25C29F616DE4358D" docStyleName="FossRec.2014-2021.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Choctawites Titus & Korn & Harrell & Lambert 2015, n. gen." docType="treatment" docUuid="44C6DBDE-1865-4F52-AE58-06AA2D5CC359" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="95" masterDocId="FFABFFC6FC5CFFACFFD5FFF5FFC9FF94" masterDocTitle="Late Viséan (late Mississippian) ammonoids from the Barnett Shale, Sierra Diablo Escarpment, Culberson County, Texas, USA" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="81" pageNumber="94" updateTime="1718152557931" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="78FB2914818F28DE196161C7A177C9B9">Late Viséan (late Mississippian) ammonoids from the Barnett Shale, Sierra Diablo Escarpment, Culberson County, Texas, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B74500F78A0985B076F1B053D7CDD379" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1B131D72FD3CF88349169925F74F57F4">Titus, A. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D7ED8D05AB0A628655D9A4670F99364C">D. Korn & Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, 669 S. Highway 89 A, Kanab, UT 84741, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="206EF88BCA26C50AB403E6C2555815AD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3680F64D3D39142108F941DEB9119ABB">Korn, D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9D7888AE7ABF085C65524730D866993F">J. E. Harrell & Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="55AFD92C5B3B9C4C0060728593B8F9F3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="40484C58AD01C2CD9C367AF124E6E87B">Harrell, J. E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="26108AFE747B2F2DC854070A66809077">L. L. Lambert & Noble Energy Inc., Houston, TX 77070, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D7715E972CBE6A6EFAB670C39A162750">Lambert, L. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="03A7BD656CC44462269BDABADAE90B26">Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="18D8FEB2E2F91397D30C39F41E981969">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="BF36C6349F2E7937941E32092A26C3AB">Fossil Record</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DB9663993AD0759BE3D5D393D94F3007">
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<mods:date id="06BDF6420B456E1C83E795B51827A846">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A30E8DAF06AC454944B58622A7D0EEEE">2015-06-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A26501C029E2092131D9159DAA0EFAEC">18</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="E1352C881725BC373FC3FF043DEE3D88" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C3BB864E2A050D1E63F42EC65B74D90A">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="85107A5A608F2289D4F876E80EDA741B">81</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="003FEAC2880646A5EFE7C0D2B58A7635">104</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="CA5E4109504776DA11F9B05693EB41BC">http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-18-81-2015</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="8144E5D43D4853CDDC94A0F5A020A5FE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="76727AB4D88919ACF3A6CACBF900527E" type="CLB-Dataset">298388</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B95D4382DA6A0CEF7ABA84A0EAA985F4" type="DOI">10.5194/fr-18-81-2015</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A70D85C7006031D22A8E8CDCCDA9503C" type="Zenodo-Dep">11585625</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039287BEFC51FFA3FCE6FB79FD36FF73" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11587156" ID-GBIF-Taxon="232732006" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11587156" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:44C6DBDE-1865-4F52-AE58-06AA2D5CC359" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287BEFC51FFA3FCE6FB79FD36FF73" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
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<subSubSection id="C3216523FC51FFA1FCE6FB79FBC3FB30" box="[819,1034,1164,1188]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8436A8FC51FFA1FCE6FB79FBC3FB30" blockId="13.[819,1034,1164,1188]" box="[819,1034,1164,1188]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
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<heading id="D0CC81C4FC51FFA1FCE6FB79FBC3FB30" box="[819,1034,1164,1188]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" reason="7">
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<emphasis id="B94FEABAFC51FFA1FCE6FB79FBC3FB30" bold="true" box="[819,1034,1164,1188]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC51FFA1FCE6FB79FC71FB30" ID-CoL="62LH8" authority="Titus & Korn & Harrell & Lambert, 2015" authorityName="Titus & Korn & Harrell & Lambert" authorityYear="2015" box="[819,952,1164,1188]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Delepinoceratidae" genus="Choctawites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Goniatitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94FEABAFC51FFA1FCE6FB79FC71FB30" bold="true" box="[819,952,1164,1188]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Choctawites</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C1FC51FFA1FC6AFB79FBC3FB30" box="[959,1034,1164,1188]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3216523FC51FFA1FCE6FB39FC25F996" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8436A8FC51FFA1FCE6FB39FAB5FB77" blockId="13.[819,1462,1228,1730]" box="[819,1404,1228,1252]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
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<typeStatus id="5480880AFC51FFA1FCE6FB39FCAEFB77" box="[819,871,1228,1251]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC51FFA1FC1CFB39FAB1FB77" authority="Shumard, 1863" authorityName="Shumard" authorityYear="1863" box="[969,1400,1228,1252]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Goniatitidae" genus="Goniatites" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="choctawensis">
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<emphasis id="B94FEABAFC51FFA1FC1CFB39FB05FB70" box="[969,1228,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Goniatites choctawensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B59FC51FFA1FB06FB39FAB1FB77" author="Shumard, B. F." box="[1235,1400,1228,1251]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" pagination="108 - 113" refId="ref18978" refString="Shumard, B. F.: Descriptions of new Paleozoic fossils, Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Science, 2, 108 - 113, 1863." type="journal article" year="1863">Shumard, 1863</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436A8FC51FFA1FCE6FB19FB36FA76" blockId="13.[819,1462,1228,1730]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
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Genus diagnosis:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC51FFA1FC2DFB19FB43FA97" baseAuthorityName="Kullmann" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1016,1162,1260,1283]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Delepinoceratidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dombaritinae">Dombaritinae</taxonomicName>
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with subevolute to evolute inner whorls; the umbilicus becomes closed in early ontogeny. Whorl profile with parallel or subparallel flanks, conch in juveniles widest at some distance from the umbilicus. Externally expressed constrictions extremely rare or absent. Growth lines slightly biconvex and rectiradiate; external sinus shallow. External lobe Y-shaped, very narrow or narrow, usually with slightly curved flanks.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436A8FC51FFA1FCE6FA1EFC25F996" blockId="13.[819,1462,1228,1730]" box="[819,1004,1515,1538]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Included species:</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3216523FC51FFA1FCE6F9FEFC69F956" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8436A8FC51FFA1FCE6F9FEFC29F9D6" blockId="13.[819,1462,1228,1730]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC51FFA1FCE6F9FEFC09F9B7" authorityName="Shumard" authorityYear="1863" box="[819,960,1547,1571]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Delepinoceratidae" genus="Goniatites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Goniatitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="choctawensis">
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<emphasis id="B94FEABAFC51FFA1FCE6F9FEFC09F9B7" box="[819,960,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">choctawensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC51FFA1FC01F9FEFC97F9D6" authority="Shumard, 1863, p. 109" authorityName="Shumard" authorityPageNumber="109" authorityYear="1863" class="Cephalopoda" family="Delepinoceratidae" genus="Goniatites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Goniatitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="choctawensis">
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<emphasis id="B94FEABAFC51FFA1FC01F9FEFB15F9B7" box="[980,1244,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Goniatites choctawensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B59FC51FFA1FB3DF9FEFA5BF9B6" author="Shumard, B. F." box="[1256,1426,1547,1570]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" pagination="108 - 113" refId="ref18978" refString="Shumard, B. F.: Descriptions of new Paleozoic fossils, Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Science, 2, 108 - 113, 1863." type="journal article" year="1863">Shumard, 1863</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 109
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<collectingRegion id="49FFF84AFC51FFA1FCBCF9DEFC12F9D6" box="[873,987,1579,1602]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436A8FC51FFA1FCE6F9BFFCB1F916" blockId="13.[819,1462,1228,1730]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC51FFA1FCE6F9BFFC50F9F6" ID-CoL="69YLY" authorityName="Hyatt" authorityYear="1893" box="[819,921,1610,1634]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Delepinoceratidae" genus="Choctawites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Goniatitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cumminsi">
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<emphasis id="B94FEABAFC51FFA1FCE6F9BFFC50F9F6" box="[819,921,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">cumminsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC51FFA1FC64F9BFFA7BF9F6" authority="Hyatt, 1893, p. 467" authorityName="Hyatt" authorityPageNumber="467" authorityYear="1893" box="[945,1458,1610,1634]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Delepinoceratidae" genus="Glyphioceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Goniatitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cumminsi">
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<emphasis id="B94FEABAFC51FFA1FC64F9BFFB7CF9F6" box="[945,1205,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Glyphioceras cumminsi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B59FC51FFA1FB10F9BEFA86F9F6" author="Hyatt, A." box="[1221,1359,1611,1634]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" pagination="379 - 474" refId="ref16944" refString="Hyatt, A.: Carboniferous cephalopods, second paper, 4 th Annual Report of the Geological Survey of Texas, 327 - 356, 379 - 474, 1893." type="journal article" year="1893">Hyatt, 1893</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 467
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<collectingRegion id="49FFF84AFC51FFA1FCE6F99EFCBDF916" box="[819,884,1643,1666]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Texas</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436A8FC51FFA1FCE6F97FFC69F956" blockId="13.[819,1462,1228,1730]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC51FFA1FCE6F97FFC09F936" ID-CoL="5XYMC" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1889" box="[819,960,1674,1698]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Delepinoceratidae" genus="Choctawites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Goniatitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kentuckiensis">
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<emphasis id="B94FEABAFC51FFA1FCE6F97FFC09F936" box="[819,960,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">kentuckiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC51FFA1FC1AF97FFA7BF936" authority="Miller, 1889, p. 439" authorityName="Miller" authorityPageNumber="439" authorityYear="1889" box="[975,1458,1674,1698]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Delepinoceratidae" genus="Goniatites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Goniatitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kentuckiensis">
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<emphasis id="B94FEABAFC51FFA1FC1AF97FFB1BF936" box="[975,1234,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Goniatites kentuckiensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B59FC51FFA1FB0CF97EFAA9F936" author="Miller, S. A." box="[1241,1376,1675,1698]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 664" refId="ref18467" refString="Miller, S. A.: North American Geology and Palaeontology for the use of amateurs, students and scientists, 1 - 664, 1889." type="book chapter" year="1889">Miller, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 439
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<collectingRegion id="49FFF84AFC51FFA1FCE6F95EFC52F956" box="[819,923,1707,1730]" country="United States of America" name="Kentucky" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Kentucky</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3216523FC51FFA3FCE6F91FFD36FF73" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B8436A8FC51FFA2FCE6F91FFE8CFA2D" blockId="13.[819,1462,1770,1921]" lastBlockId="14.[124,767,1251,1911]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
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Discussion: All Late Viséan–early Serpukhovian goniatitid ammonoids with prominent adult spiral ornament found in North America can be readily divided into two major groups (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B59FC51FFA1FCEEF8BFFC1FF8F5" author="Gordon, M. J." box="[827,982,1866,1889]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 322" refId="ref16774" refString="Gordon, M. J.: Carboniferous Cephalopods of Arkansas, Professional Papers, U. S. Geological Survey, 460, 1 - 322, 1965." type="journal article" year="1965">Gordon, 1965</bibRefCitation>
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), (1) those with external shell constrictions and (2) those in which constrictions are developed as internal shell thickenings and thus only visible on the internal mould. This subdivision largely parallels the whorl cross sections, of which the first group possesses more or less trapezoidal early whorl profiles (in which the conch is widest at some distance from the umbilicus), and the second group shows “normal” whorl profiles with flanks converging from the umbilical wall towards the venter.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF446620FC52FFA2FFA9FF44FCD5FF53" ID-Table-UUID="DF446620FC52FFA2FFA9FF44FCD5FF53" box="[124,796,177,199]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF446620FC52FFA2FFA9FF44FCD5FF53" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" startId="14.[124,180,177,199]" targetBox="[162,1415,241,1171]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="14" targetType="table">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8436A8FC52FFA2FFA9FF44FCD5FF53" blockId="14.[124,796,177,199]" box="[124,796,177,199]" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis id="B94FEABAFC52FFA2FFA9FF44FF05FF53" bold="true" box="[124,204,177,199]" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Table 6.</emphasis>
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Characteristics of genera within the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC52FFA2FD44FF47FCD1FF53" baseAuthorityName="Kullmann" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[657,792,178,199]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Delepinoceratidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dombaritinae">Dombaritinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A8FC52FFA2FE70FF04FAFBFBE2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<table id="F93BC408FC520053FF77FF04FA4EFB07" box="[162,1415,241,1171]" gridcols="5" gridrows="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<tr id="350B34EAFC520053FF77FF04FA4EFE92" box="[162,1415,241,262]" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76DA5D96FC520053FE70FF04FD41FE92" box="[421,648,241,262]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC52FFA2FE70FF04FDD2FE92" authorityName="Titus & Korn & Harrell & Lambert" authorityYear="2015" box="[421,539,241,262]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Delepinoceratidae" genus="Choctawites" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Choctawites</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DA5D96FC520053FD7DFF04FC42FE92" box="[680,907,241,262]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC52FFA2FD7DFF04FCE6FE92" authorityName="Pereira de Sousa" authorityYear="1923" box="[680,815,241,262]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Goniatitidae" genus="Lusitanoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Goniatitida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Lusitanoceras</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DA5D96FC520053FC7FFF04FB44FE92" box="[938,1165,241,262]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC52FFA2FC7FFF04FBE8FE92" authorityName="Wagner-Gentis" authorityYear="1980" box="[938,1057,241,262]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Delepinoceratidae" genus="Revilloceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Goniatitida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Revilloceras</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DA5D96FC520053FB78FF04FA4EFE92" box="[1197,1415,241,262]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC52FFA2FB78FF04FAD7FE92" authorityName="Librovitch" authorityYear="1957" box="[1197,1310,241,262]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Delepinoceratidae" genus="Dombarites" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEABAFC52FFA2FB78FF04FAD7FE92" box="[1197,1310,241,262]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Dombarites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350B34EAFC520053FF77FEEAFA4EFEA0" box="[162,1415,287,308]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="76DA5D96FC520053FF77FEEAFE4CFEA0" box="[162,389,287,308]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">General shape of inner</th>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FE70FEEAFD41FEA0" box="[421,648,287,308]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">subevolute to evolute</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FD7DFEEAFC42FEA0" box="[680,907,287,308]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">subevolute</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FC7FFEEAFB44FEA0" box="[938,1165,287,308]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">evolute</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FB78FEEAFA4EFEA0" box="[1197,1415,287,308]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">subinvolute</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350B34EAFC520053FF77FEC9FA4EFEC5" box="[162,1415,316,337]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="76DA5D96FC520053FF77FEC9FA4EFEC5" box="[162,1415,316,337]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">whorls</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350B34EAFC520053FF77FE9CFA4EFE67" box="[162,1415,361,499]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="76DA5D96FC520053FF77FE9CFE4CFE67" box="[162,389,361,499]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Whorl profile of inner whorls</th>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FE70FE9CFD41FE67" box="[421,648,361,499]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">whorls widest at some distance from umbilical margin, flanks diverging or subparallel, trapezoidal</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FD7DFE9CFC42FE67" box="[680,907,361,499]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">whorls widest at umbilical margin, flanks converging</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FC7FFE9CFB44FE67" box="[938,1165,361,499]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">whorls widest at umbilical margin, flanks converging</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FB78FE9CFA4EFE67" box="[1197,1415,361,499]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">variable</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350B34EAFC520053FF77FDF9FA4EFDB5" box="[162,1415,524,545]" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="76DA5D96FC520053FF77FDF9FE4CFDB5" box="[162,389,524,545]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Constrictions</th>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FE70FDF9FD41FDB5" box="[421,648,524,545]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">only on steinkern</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FD7DFDF9FC42FDB5" box="[680,907,524,545]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">on shell surface</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FC7FFDF9FB44FDB5" box="[938,1165,524,545]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">on shell surface</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FB78FDF9FA4EFDB5" box="[1197,1415,524,545]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">often on shell surface</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350B34EAFC520053FF77FDCCFA4EFDFF" box="[162,1415,569,619]" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="76DA5D96FC520053FF77FDCCFE4CFDFF" box="[162,389,569,619]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Coiling of inner whorls</th>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FE70FDCCFD41FDFF" box="[421,648,569,619]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">rounded</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FD7DFDCCFC42FDFF" box="[680,907,569,619]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">usually triangular</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FC7FFDCCFB44FDFF" box="[938,1165,569,619]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">triangular</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FB78FDCCFA4EFDFF" box="[1197,1415,569,619]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
triangular at some
|
||
<tableNote id="76DD3726FC52FFA2FB78FDA3FB3BFDFF" box="[1197,1266,598,619]" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" targetBox="[162,1401,644,902]" targetPageId="14">species</tableNote>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350B34EAFC520053FF77FD71FA4EFD22" box="[162,1415,644,694]" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="76DA5D96FC520053FF77FD71FE4CFD22" box="[162,389,644,694]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Ornament in the subadult stage</th>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FE70FD71FD41FD22" box="[421,648,644,694]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">fine spiral lines</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FD7DFD71FC42FD22" box="[680,907,644,694]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">coarse spiral lines</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FC7FFD71FB44FD22" box="[938,1165,644,694]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">coarse spiral lines</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FB78FD71FA4EFD22" box="[1197,1415,644,694]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">variable</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350B34EAFC520053FF77FD3BFA4EFCAF" box="[162,1415,718,827]" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="76DA5D96FC520053FF77FD3BFE4CFCAF" box="[162,389,718,827]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Ornament in the adult stage</th>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FE70FD3BFD41FCAF" box="[421,648,718,827]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">fine spiral lines, falcate transverse ornament</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FD7DFD3BFC42FCAF" box="[680,907,718,827]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">coarse spiral lines, occasionally falcate transverse ornament</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FC7FFD3BFB44FCAF" box="[938,1165,718,827]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">coarse spiral lines, falcate transverse ornament</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FB78FD3BFA4EFCAF" box="[1197,1415,718,827]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">variable</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350B34EAFC520053FF77FCA6FA4EFC12" box="[162,1415,851,902]" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="76DA5D96FC520053FF77FCA6FE4CFC12" box="[162,389,851,902]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Height of median saddle</th>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FE70FCA6FD41FC12" box="[421,648,851,902]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.60 of external lobe depth</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FD7DFCA6FC42FC12" box="[680,907,851,902]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.50–0.55 of external lobe depth</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FC7FFCA6FB44FC12" box="[938,1165,851,902]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.50–0.55 of external lobe depth</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FB78FCA6FA4EFC12" box="[1197,1415,851,902]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.65–0.75 of external lobe depth</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350B34EAFC520053FF77FC6BFA4EFC27" box="[162,1415,926,947]" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="76DA5D96FC520053FF77FC6BFE4CFC27" box="[162,389,926,947]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Shape of external lobe</th>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FE70FC6BFD41FC27" box="[421,648,926,947]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">weakly Y-shaped</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FD7DFC6BFC42FC27" box="[680,907,926,947]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">weakly Y-shaped</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FC7FFC6BFB44FC27" box="[938,1165,926,947]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">strongly Y-shaped</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FB78FC6BFA4EFC27" box="[1197,1415,926,947]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">weakly Y-shaped</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350B34EAFC520053FF77FC3EFA4EFC74" box="[162,1415,971,992]" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="76DA5D96FC520053FF77FC3EFE4CFC74" box="[162,389,971,992]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Width of external lobe</th>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FE70FC3EFD41FC74" box="[421,648,971,992]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.80 of E lobe depth</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FD7DFC3EFC42FC74" box="[680,907,971,992]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.65 of E lobe depth</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FC7FFC3EFB44FC74" box="[938,1165,971,992]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.70 of E lobe depth</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FB78FC3EFA4EFC74" box="[1197,1415,971,992]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0.70–0.85 of E lobe</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350B34EAFC520053FF77FC1CFA4EFC6A" box="[162,1415,1001,1022]" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76DA5D96FC520053FF77FC1CFE4CFC6A" box="[162,389,1001,1022]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">at half depth</th>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FB78FC1CFA4EFC6A" box="[1197,1415,1001,1022]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<tableNote id="76DD3726FC52FFA2FB78FC1CFB2BFC6A" box="[1197,1250,1001,1022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" targetBox="[162,1401,644,902]" targetPageId="14">depth</tableNote>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350B34EAFC520053FF77FBE3FA4EFBDC" box="[162,1415,1046,1096]" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="76DA5D96FC520053FF77FBE3FE4CFBDC" box="[162,389,1046,1096]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Shape of external lobe prongs</th>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FE70FBE3FD41FBDC" box="[421,648,1046,1096]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">V-shaped</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FD7DFBE3FC42FBDC" box="[680,907,1046,1096]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">V-shaped</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FC7FFBE3FB44FBDC" box="[938,1165,1046,1096]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">lanceolate</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FB78FBE3FA4EFBDC" box="[1197,1415,1046,1096]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">V-shaped or lanceolate</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350B34EAFC520053FF77FB94FA4EFB07" box="[162,1415,1121,1171]" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="76DA5D96FC520053FF77FB94FE4CFB07" box="[162,389,1121,1171]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Flanks of adventive lobe</th>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FE70FB94FD41FB07" box="[421,648,1121,1171]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">sinuous</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FD7DFB94FC42FB07" box="[680,907,1121,1171]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">slightly sinuous</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FC7FFB94FB44FB07" box="[938,1165,1121,1171]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">with inflexion</td>
|
||
<td id="76DA5D96FC520053FB78FB94FA4EFB07" box="[1197,1415,1121,1171]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">with inflexion</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A8FC52FFA2FF42FA37FEDDF96C" blockId="14.[124,767,1251,1911]" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Examinations of collections from the Moorefield Formation, Caney Shale, and Barnett Shale show that the two morphological groups have very little morphological or ornamental overlap. Trapezoidal forms are consistently crenistriate or cross lirate to about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B4DFC52FFA2FE11F9B4FDC5F9CC" box="[452,524,1601,1624]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter. In contrast, the normal forms develop strong spiral ornament already by
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B4DFC52FFA2FFA9F974FF0DF90C" box="[124,196,1665,1688]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
conch diameter and can exhibit sub-triangular coiling. Furthermore, at any given locality or horizon in the eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C7638FC52FFA2FFA9F934FF7DF94C" box="[124,180,1729,1752]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, either trapezoidal or rounded forms can totally dominate a sample.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A8FC52FFA3FF42F8F5FD36FF73" blockId="14.[124,767,1251,1911]" lastBlockId="15.[124,767,176,232]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Three possible hypotheses could explain this dimorphic pattern: (1) broad intraspecific variation; (2) sexual dimorphism, and (3) two different taxonomic groups are present in North America. Given the lack of morphological intermediates between trapezoidal and normal forms, we reject the first hypothesis. Regarding the second hypothesis, the stratigraphically lower normal forms associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC52FFA2FA95FAD7FB14FACD" authority="(Miller and Faber, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Miller and Faber" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Cephalopoda" family="Girtyoceratidae" genus="Sulcogirtyoceras" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="limatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEABAFC52FFA2FA95FAD7FC1FFACE" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Sulcogirtyoceras limatum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B59FC52FFA2FC36FAB7FB1CFACD" author="Miller, S. A. & Faber, C." box="[995,1237,1346,1369]" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" pagination="164 - 168" refId="ref18495" refString="Miller, S. A. and Faber, C.: Description of some Subcarboniferous and Carboniferous Cephalopoda, Journal of the Cincinati Society of Natural History, 14, 164 - 168, 1892." type="journal article" year="1892">Miller and Faber, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are readily referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC52FFA2FC98FA97FC2AFAEE" authorityName="Pereira de Sousa" authorityYear="1923" box="[845,995,1378,1402]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Goniatitidae" genus="Lusitanoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Goniatitida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEABAFC52FFA2FC98FA97FC2AFAEE" box="[845,995,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Lusitanoceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because they possess the characteristic early ontogeny, sutural shape, and ornament (particularly with granulated spiral lines) of that genus. In fact, these forms are so close to the European species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC52FFA2FB3BFA34FA4DFA4D" authorityName="Pereira de Sousa" authorityYear="1923" box="[1262,1412,1473,1497]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Goniatitidae" genus="Lusitanoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Goniatitida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEABAFC52FFA2FB3BFA34FA4DFA4D" box="[1262,1412,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Lusitanoceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that they have been referred to as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC52FFA2FBADFA14FCA3F98C" authority="Portlock, 1843" authorityName="Portlock" authorityYear="1843" class="Cephalopoda" family="Goniatitidae" genus="Goniatites" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="granosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEABAFC52FFA2FBADFA14FA87FA6D" box="[1144,1358,1505,1529]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Goniatites granosus</emphasis>
|
||
Portlock, 1843
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” since the early 1960s (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B59FC52FFA2FBB1F9F4FB35F98C" author="Gordon, M. J." box="[1124,1276,1537,1560]" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 322" refId="ref16774" refString="Gordon, M. J.: Carboniferous Cephalopods of Arkansas, Professional Papers, U. S. Geological Survey, 460, 1 - 322, 1965." type="journal article" year="1965">Gordon, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). While we doubt the species assignment, the referral of the North American material to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC52FFA2FBF4F9B4FB7EF9CD" authorityName="Pereira de Sousa" authorityYear="1923" box="[1057,1207,1601,1625]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Goniatitidae" genus="Lusitanoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Goniatitida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEABAFC52FFA2FBF4F9B4FB7EF9CD" box="[1057,1207,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Lusitanoceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is correct. If the trapezoidal forms are simply sexual dimorphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC52FFA2FACCF994FA66F9ED" authorityName="Pereira de Sousa" authorityYear="1923" box="[1305,1455,1633,1657]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Goniatitidae" genus="Lusitanoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Goniatitida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEABAFC52FFA2FACCF994FA66F9ED" box="[1305,1455,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Lusitanoceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it would be expected that this same dichotomy would exist in the European and North American occurrences. Instead, the trapezoidal forms are found almost exclusively in Marathon–Ouachita–Appalachian foreland basin system, being unknown from Europe and extremely rare in the Antler Foreland Basin. This pushes us to accept that the trapezoidal forms are a distinct taxonomic entity endemic to Laurentia (North America). Since they cannot be accommodated in any existing genus, we erect the new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D2BFC53FFA3FDC3FF25FD50FF7C" authorityName="Titus & Korn & Harrell & Lambert" authorityYear="2015" box="[534,665,208,232]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Delepinoceratidae" genus="Choctawites" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEABAFC53FFA3FDC3FF25FD50FF7C" box="[534,665,208,232]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Choctawites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for them.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |