384 lines
39 KiB
XML
384 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.7717/peerj.3007" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8581abe0-7def-4f35-8485-6eb68888239e" ID-PMC="PMC5322763" ID-PubMed="28243532" ID-Zenodo-Dep="375724" checkinTime="1488836410627" checkinUser="admin" docAuthor="Sonali Garg, Robin Suyesh, Sandeep Sukesan & Sd Biju" docDate="2017" docId="039287A3207DFFDFFD88FCB67402E525" docLanguage="en" docName="peerj.articles.3007.pdf.imd" docOrigin="PeerJ 5 (3007)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei Garg, Suyesh, Sukesan & Biju, 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FFABFFDB2067FFC1FF8BFFB77650E403" masterDocTitle="Seven new species of Night Frogs (Anura, Nyctibatrachidae) from the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot of India, with remarkably high diversity of diminutive forms" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1668138891850" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Seven new species of Night Frogs (Anura, Nyctibatrachidae) from the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot of India, with remarkably high diversity of diminutive forms</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sonali Garg</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Robin Suyesh</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sandeep Sukesan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sd Biju</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PeerJ</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3007</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>50</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.7717/peerj.3007</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">8581abe0-7def-4f35-8485-6eb68888239e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC5322763</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PubMed">28243532</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">375724</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6045142" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127719753" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6045142" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DB413903-56B5-4D36-93B4-ABA3555CC99F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287A3207DFFDFFD88FCB67402E525" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="26.[515,1347,769,900]" box="[515,951,769,797]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName box="[515,853,769,796]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinmoorei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[515,853,769,796]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[860,951,770,797]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="26.[515,1347,769,900]" box="[515,1347,806,833]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DB413903-56B5-4D36-93B4-ABA3555CC99F</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[522,832,842,869]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="26.[515,1347,769,900]" box="[522,832,842,869]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Robin Moore’s Night Frog</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[515,849,873,900]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="26.[515,1347,769,900]" box="[515,849,873,900]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[526,600,873,900]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="7.[507,571,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[494,1220,231,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[491,1220,229,1671]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 1 Morphometric differentiation of species using the discriminant function analyses. (A) Projection on factor plane first and second explaining 79.1 % of the variations among seven miniature-sized species. (B) Projection on factor plane first and second explaining 83.9 % of the variations among five medium-sized species. (C) Projection on factor plane first and second explaining 86.3 % of the variations among six large-sized species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/375725/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation box="[657,671,873,900]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="27.[507,571,1511,1533]" captionTargetBox="[491,1541,229,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[491,1541,229,1466]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 7 Holotype of Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei sp. nov. (ZSI / WGRC / V / A / 925). (A) Frontolateral view, in life. (B) Size (SVL 12.2 mm) in comparison to the Indian five-rupee coin (24 mm diameter). (C) Dorsal view, in life. (D) Dorsal surface of third finger disc, in preservation. (E) Dorsal surface of fourth toe disc, in preservation. (F) Ventral view, in life. (G) Lateral view of head, in preservation. (H) Ventral view of hand, in preservation. (I) Ventral view of foot, in preservation. (J) Schematic illustration of foot webbing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/375731/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">7</figureCitation>
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; Tables S1–S7)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="26.[491,1542,957,1900]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[491,611,957,983]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Holotype.</emphasis>
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ZSI/WGRC/V/A/925, adult male, from Kakkachi (08°33 0 2.6 N, 77°23 29.6 E, 1290 m), Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu state, India, collected by SDB on 30 August 2002.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[491,606,1037,1063]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Paratype.</emphasis>
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ZSI/WGRC/V/A/926, adult female, collected along with the holotype.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="26.[491,1542,957,1900]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[491,723,1076,1102]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Referred specimen.</emphasis>
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SDBDU 2002.312, adult male, collected along with the holotype.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[491,629,1117,1143]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The species is named for Dr Robin Moore, a wildlife photographer and conservationist, in appreciation of his contribution to amphibian conservation. The species name
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<taxonomicName box="[651,789,1196,1222]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinmoorei">
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<emphasis box="[651,789,1196,1222]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">robinmoorei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is considered as a noun in the genitive case.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="26.[491,1542,957,1900]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[491,619,1236,1262]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName box="[627,943,1236,1262]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinmoorei">
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<emphasis box="[627,943,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from known congeners by the following combination of morphological characters: (1) miniature-sized adult males (SVL 12.2–13.4 mm,
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<emphasis box="[743,764,1317,1342]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">N</emphasis>
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= 2); (2) head width nearly equal to head length (male HW/HL ratio 97.6–100%,
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<emphasis box="[700,721,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">N</emphasis>
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= 2); (3) presence of weakly developed dorsolateral glandular folds separated by scattered granular projections; (4) third finger disc slightly wider than finger width (male FDIII 0.4–0.5, FWIII 0.3–0.4,
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<emphasis box="[981,1002,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">N</emphasis>
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= 2), with dorso-terminal groove and cover bifurcate distally; (5) fourth toe disc slightly wider than toe width (male TDIV 0.5–0.6, TWIV 0.3,
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<emphasis box="[615,636,1516,1541]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">N</emphasis>
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= 2), with dorso-terminal groove and cover bifurcate distally; (6) presence of single palmar tubercle; (7) foot webbing absent; (8) forearm longer than hand length (male FAL/HAL ratio 105.3–111.8%,
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<emphasis box="[856,877,1595,1620]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">N</emphasis>
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= 2); (9) thigh longer than shank length (male TL/SHL ratio 127.5–130.8%,
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<emphasis box="[735,756,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">N</emphasis>
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= 2); and (10) thigh longer than foot length (male TL/FOL ratio 122.6–130.8%,
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<emphasis box="[671,692,1675,1700]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">N</emphasis>
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= 2).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="26.[491,1542,957,1900]" lastBlockId="28.[491,1542,228,1913]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[491,828,1714,1740]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Morphological comparison.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName box="[837,1152,1714,1740]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinmoorei">
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<emphasis box="[837,1152,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from all its congeners, expect
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<emphasis box="[748,1185,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName box="[748,954,1754,1780]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anamallaiensis">N. anamallaiensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[965,1185,1754,1780]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="athirappillyensis" status="sp. nov.">N. athirappillyensis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1195,1291,1754,1780]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName box="[1306,1449,1754,1780]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beddomii">N. beddomii</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deccanensis">N. deccanensis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis box="[633,993,1794,1820]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName box="[633,843,1794,1820]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kempholeyensis">N. kempholeyensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[854,993,1794,1820]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manalari" status="sp. nov.">N. manalari</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1000,1093,1794,1820]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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,
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<emphasis box="[1104,1541,1794,1820]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName box="[1104,1242,1795,1820]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minimus">N. minimus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1254,1360,1795,1820]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">N. minor</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1371,1541,1794,1820]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulivijayani" status="sp. nov.">N. pulivijayani</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[491,586,1834,1860]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[599,768,1834,1860]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabarimalai" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[599,768,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">N. sabarimalai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[777,869,1834,1860]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[930,1045,1834,1860]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="webilla" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[930,1045,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">N. webilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1053,1148,1834,1860]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, by its smaller male snout-vent size, SVL 12.2–13.4 mm (vs. male SVL 18.1–76.9 mm), absence of webbing between
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[91,1541,2008,2031]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Garg et al. (2017),
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[299,364,2008,2031]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">PeerJ</emphasis>
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, DOI 10.7717/peerj.3007 28/50
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</emphasis>
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toes (vs. present) and dorsal skin not prominently wrinkled and/or granular (vs. prominently wrinkled and/or granular); differs from
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<emphasis box="[1096,1492,268,294]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName box="[1096,1319,268,294]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="athirappillyensis">N. athirappillyensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1330,1492,268,294]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deccanensis">N. deccanensis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[491,699,307,333]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kempholeyensis">
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<emphasis box="[491,699,307,333]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N. kempholeyensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by absence of webbing between toes (vs. present); differs from
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<taxonomicName box="[1437,1541,308,333]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis box="[1437,1541,308,333]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N. minor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by its dorsal skin without distinct dorsolateral glandular folds separated by an ‘X’ pattern on anterior half of back (vs. present); and differs from
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<taxonomicName box="[1114,1229,386,412]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="webilla">
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<emphasis box="[1114,1229,386,412]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N. webilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by its third finger disc with dorso-terminal groove and cover bifurcate distally (vs. without dorso-terminal groove).
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/375731/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" targetBox="[491,1541,229,1466]" targetPageId="27">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[507,1524,1510,1679]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[507,1318,1510,1533]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Figure 7 Holotype of
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<taxonomicName box="[729,1006,1510,1532]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinmoorei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[729,1006,1510,1532]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1011,1087,1511,1532]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(ZSI/WGRC/V/A/925).
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</emphasis>
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(A) Frontolateral view, in life. (B) Size (SVL 12.2 mm) in comparison to the Indian five-rupee coin (24 mm diameter). (C) Dorsal view, in life. (D) Dorsal surface of third finger disc, in preservation. (E) Dorsal surface of fourth toe disc, in preservation. (F) Ventral view, in life. (G) Lateral view of head, in preservation. (H) Ventral view of hand, in preservation. (I) Ventral view of foot, in preservation. (J) Schematic illustration of foot webbing.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="28.[491,1542,228,1913]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Because of the comparable snout-vent size,
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<taxonomicName box="[1052,1368,465,491]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinmoorei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1052,1368,465,491]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be confused with three previously known species
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1048,1251,504,530]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anamallaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1048,1251,504,530]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N. anamallaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1267,1407,504,530]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beddomii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1267,1407,504,530]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N. beddomii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minimus">N. minimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and three new species
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[865,1004,544,570]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manalari">
|
||
<emphasis box="[865,1004,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N. manalari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1018,1188,544,570]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulivijayani">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1018,1188,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N. pulivijayani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1246,1415,544,570]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabarimalai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1246,1415,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N. sabarimalai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[491,664,583,609]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinmoorei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[491,664,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N. robinmoorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[824,1027,583,609]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anamallaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[824,1027,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N. anamallaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its head nearly as wide as long, male HW/HL ratio 97.6–100%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[803,824,624,649]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2 (vs. head wider than long, male HW/HL 115.7–126.1%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[491,512,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5), eye length shorter than snout length, male EL/SL ratio 71.4–75%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1337,1358,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2 (vs. longer, male EL/SL ratio 125–140%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[837,858,703,728]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5), forearm longer than hand length, male FAL/HAL ratio 105.3–111.8%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[736,757,742,767]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2 (vs. shorter, male FAL/HAL ratio 72.7–83.3%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1372,1393,742,767]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5), and thigh longer than shank, male TL/SHL ratio 127.5–130.8%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1194,1215,782,807]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2 (vs. nearly equal, male TL/SHL ratio 98.4–101.6%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[820,841,821,846]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[491,1542,228,1913]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[523,839,860,886]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinmoorei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[523,839,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[994,1134,860,886]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beddomii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[994,1134,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N. beddomii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its dorsolateral glandular folds separated by scattered granular projections (vs. dorsal skin finely granular), head nearly as wide as long, male HW/HL ratio 97.6–100%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1008,1029,940,965]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2 (vs. head wider than long, male HW/HL 106.6–129.3%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[671,692,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 10), and thigh longer than shank, male TL/SHL ratio 127.5–130.8%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[491,512,1019,1044]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2 (vs. nearly equal, male TL/SHL ratio 95.9–101.6%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1167,1188,1019,1044]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[491,1542,228,1913]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[523,839,1057,1083]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinmoorei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[523,839,1057,1083]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[994,1130,1058,1083]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[994,1130,1058,1083]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its dorsolateral glandular folds separated by scattered granular projections (vs. dorsal skin with faint and interrupted glandular folds), forearm longer than hand length, male FAL/HAL ratio 105.3–111.8%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[491,512,1177,1202]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2 (vs. shorter, male FAL/HAL ratio 69–82.9%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1094,1115,1177,1202]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 14), and thigh longer than shank, male TL/SHL ratio 127.5–130.8%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[889,910,1216,1241]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2 (vs. nearly equal, male TL/SHL ratio 95.9–101.6%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[491,512,1256,1281]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 14).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[491,1542,228,1913]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[523,839,1294,1320]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinmoorei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[523,839,1294,1320]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[987,1156,1294,1320]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabarimalai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[987,1156,1294,1320]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N. sabarimalai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its head nearly as wide as long, male HW/HL ratio 97.6–100%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[871,892,1335,1360]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2 (vs. head longer than wide, male HW/HL 82.4– 89.8%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[581,602,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5), forearm longer than hand length, male FAL/HAL ratio 105.3–111.8%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[491,512,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2 (vs. shorter, male FAL/HAL ratio 85.7–96.6%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1129,1150,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5), thigh longer than shank length, male TL/SHL ratio 127.5–130.8%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[994,1015,1453,1478]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2 (vs. nearly equal, male TL/SHL ratio 98.4–101.6%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[655,676,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5), and thigh longer than foot length, male TL/FOL ratio 122.6–130.8%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[491,512,1532,1557]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2 (vs. nearly equal, male TL/FOL ratio 96.9–101.6%,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1168,1189,1532,1557]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[491,1542,228,1913]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
For differences with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[769,1051,1571,1597]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manalari">
|
||
<emphasis box="[769,1051,1571,1597]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Nyctibatrachus manalari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1113,1283,1571,1597]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulivijayani">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1113,1283,1571,1597]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N. pulivijayani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
see comparison of those species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[491,1542,228,1913]" lastBlockId="29.[491,1542,228,1913]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[491,1066,1650,1676]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Description of holotype
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[783,1059,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">(measurements in mm)</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male (SVL 12.2); head small, head width subequal to head length (HW 4.0, HL 4.1); snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views, its length (SL 2.0) longer than horizontal diameter of eye (EL 1.5); loreal region obtuse with indistinct canthus rostralis; interorbital space flat, wider (IUE 1.9) than upper eyelid (UEW 0.6) and internarial distance (IN 1.5); nostril closer to eye (EN 1.0) than the tip of snout (NS 1.3); tympanum indistinct; vomerine ridge present, bearing small teeth, at an angle of 85° to the body axis, closer to each other than choanae, longer than the distance between them; tongue emarginated, bearing no median lingual process. Forearm (FAL 1.9) longer than hand length (HAL 1.7), finger length formula: I <II = IV <III, finger discs slightly wide compared to finger width (FDI 0.3, FWI 0.2; FDII 0.3, FWII 0.2; FDIII 0.4, FWIII 0.3; FDIV 0.3, FWIV 0.2), finger disc with dorso-terminal groove, cover bifurcate distally; subarticular tubercles prominent, oval, single, all present; prepollex distinct, oval; single palmar tubercle, oval, distinct; nuptial pads present. Thigh (TL 6.5) longer than shank (SHL 5.1) and foot (FOL 5.3), relative toe lengths I <II <V <III <IV, toe discs slightly wide compared to toe width (TDI 0.3, TWI 0.2; TDII 0.3, TWII 0.2; TDIII 0.5, TWIII 0.3; TDIV 0.5, TWIV 0.3; TDV 0.3, TWV 0.2), toe discs with dorso-terminal grooves, cover bifurcate distally; foot webbing absent; subarticular tubercles well developed, oval, single, all present; inner metatarsal tubercle present, oval; outer metatarsal tubercle weakly developed. Skin of snout shagreened to sparsely granular, upper eyelids with a few prominent glandular warts especially on the margins, presence of weakly developed dorsolateral glandular folds separated by granular projections; sides of the head, anterior and posterior parts of back, and upper and lower parts of flank shagreened with scattered glandular projections; upper surface of arms and legs with minute granular projections; ventral surfaces smooth; a pair of prominent femoral glands present on the ventral surface of thighs (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[581,644,900,926]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="27.[507,571,1511,1533]" captionTargetBox="[491,1541,229,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[491,1541,229,1466]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 7 Holotype of Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei sp. nov. (ZSI / WGRC / V / A / 925). (A) Frontolateral view, in life. (B) Size (SVL 12.2 mm) in comparison to the Indian five-rupee coin (24 mm diameter). (C) Dorsal view, in life. (D) Dorsal surface of third finger disc, in preservation. (E) Dorsal surface of fourth toe disc, in preservation. (F) Ventral view, in life. (G) Lateral view of head, in preservation. (H) Ventral view of hand, in preservation. (I) Ventral view of foot, in preservation. (J) Schematic illustration of foot webbing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/375731/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="29.[491,1542,228,1913]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[491,727,939,965]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Colour of holotype.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[735,801,939,965]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">In life</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsum reddish-brown, with a pair of light orangish-brown longitudinal bands starting from behind the eyelids and extending up to the middle of dorsum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[602,667,1018,1044]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="27.[507,571,1511,1533]" captionTargetBox="[491,1541,229,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[491,1541,229,1466]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 7 Holotype of Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei sp. nov. (ZSI / WGRC / V / A / 925). (A) Frontolateral view, in life. (B) Size (SVL 12.2 mm) in comparison to the Indian five-rupee coin (24 mm diameter). (C) Dorsal view, in life. (D) Dorsal surface of third finger disc, in preservation. (E) Dorsal surface of fourth toe disc, in preservation. (F) Ventral view, in life. (G) Lateral view of head, in preservation. (H) Ventral view of hand, in preservation. (I) Ventral view of foot, in preservation. (J) Schematic illustration of foot webbing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/375731/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C), another light orangish-brown stripe between the eyes demarcating a triangular light orangish-brown patch on the snout; lateral sides of the head dark greyishbrown with scattered minute black speckles and prominent white spots, upper eyelids dark greyish-brown (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[680,744,1137,1163]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="27.[507,571,1511,1533]" captionTargetBox="[491,1541,229,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[491,1541,229,1466]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 7 Holotype of Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei sp. nov. (ZSI / WGRC / V / A / 925). (A) Frontolateral view, in life. (B) Size (SVL 12.2 mm) in comparison to the Indian five-rupee coin (24 mm diameter). (C) Dorsal view, in life. (D) Dorsal surface of third finger disc, in preservation. (E) Dorsal surface of fourth toe disc, in preservation. (F) Ventral view, in life. (G) Lateral view of head, in preservation. (H) Ventral view of hand, in preservation. (I) Ventral view of foot, in preservation. (J) Schematic illustration of foot webbing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/375731/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C); upper and lower parts of flank light brown with scattered white spots (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[570,633,1176,1202]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="27.[507,571,1511,1533]" captionTargetBox="[491,1541,229,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[491,1541,229,1466]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 7 Holotype of Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei sp. nov. (ZSI / WGRC / V / A / 925). (A) Frontolateral view, in life. (B) Size (SVL 12.2 mm) in comparison to the Indian five-rupee coin (24 mm diameter). (C) Dorsal view, in life. (D) Dorsal surface of third finger disc, in preservation. (E) Dorsal surface of fourth toe disc, in preservation. (F) Ventral view, in life. (G) Lateral view of head, in preservation. (H) Ventral view of hand, in preservation. (I) Ventral view of foot, in preservation. (J) Schematic illustration of foot webbing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/375731/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A); forelimbs (including fingers) and hind limbs (including toes) light brown with faint dark grey transverse bands. Ventral surfaces light grey with prominent minute black spots, hand and foot darker in colour (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1010,1073,1255,1281]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="27.[507,571,1511,1533]" captionTargetBox="[491,1541,229,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[491,1541,229,1466]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 7 Holotype of Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei sp. nov. (ZSI / WGRC / V / A / 925). (A) Frontolateral view, in life. (B) Size (SVL 12.2 mm) in comparison to the Indian five-rupee coin (24 mm diameter). (C) Dorsal view, in life. (D) Dorsal surface of third finger disc, in preservation. (E) Dorsal surface of fourth toe disc, in preservation. (F) Ventral view, in life. (G) Lateral view of head, in preservation. (H) Ventral view of hand, in preservation. (I) Ventral view of foot, in preservation. (J) Schematic illustration of foot webbing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/375731/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
F).
|
||
<emphasis box="[1113,1283,1256,1281]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">In preservation</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsum brown, with a pair of light brown longitudinal bands starting from behind the eyelids and extending up to the middle of dorsum, another light brown stripe between the eyes demarcating a triangular light brown patch on the snout; upper eyelids dark grey; forelimbs (including fingers) and hind limbs (including toes) light greyish-brown with faint grey transverse bands; anterior and posterior parts of flanks light greyish-brown. Ventral surfaces light greyish-white with minute dark grey spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="29.[491,1542,228,1913]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[491,626,1531,1557]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Variations.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric data from two adult males and an adult female, including the holotype, is given in Table S6. Overall, the colour, markings and meristic characters of the paratype and referred specimen are similar to the holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="29.[491,1542,228,1913]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[491,836,1650,1676]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Secondary sexual characters.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[842,900,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(ZSI/WGRC/V/A/925), femoral glands present, nuptial pads present;
|
||
<emphasis box="[657,731,1689,1715]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">female</emphasis>
|
||
(ZSI/WGRC/V/A/926), small pigmented eggs present (diameter 1.7 ± 0.3mm,
|
||
<emphasis box="[661,682,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 15).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="29.[491,1542,228,1913]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[491,889,1768,1795]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Distribution and natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[898,1214,1768,1794]" class="Amphibia" family="Nyctibatrachidae" genus="Nyctibatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinmoorei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[898,1214,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently known only from its type locality, which is located in the Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, south of Palghat gap in the Western Ghats state of Tamil Nadu. Animals were collected from a marshy area covered with thick ground vegetation, close to a rivulet inside primary forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="30.[491,1537,228,294]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Males were heard calling during daytime (12:00–14:00 h) and in the late evening (around 18:00 h).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |