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<document id="BDA74C127FEEFC84901FF8FCBBEDE772" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13215433" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1722604859011" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina &amp; Salariato, Diego Leonel" docDate="2024" docId="039287A2FFD0FFE196DE79DA1F82FE23" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.646.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 646 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Trichanthecium marunguensis Zuloaga, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="251" masterDocId="FFABFFDAFFC3FFF4965679441E36FFF1" masterDocTitle="Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo" masterLastPageNumber="264" masterPageNumber="230" pageNumber="249" updateTime="1725477914990" updateUser="jonas" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="7E789FC576472E8C1F9F1E69300CD08C">Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CEED73C727CD716C399A5AD29016B149">Zuloaga, Fernando Omar</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="06C99DE851B89978ED62923407B2223A">Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, ANCEFN-CONICET, Labardén 200, B 1642 HYD San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AC2B3684EC8D97927075A5C7D5945C04">Aliscioni, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7F9B25872883052EB13A2A5F80AB2265">Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, ANCEFN-CONICET, Labardén 200, B 1642 HYD San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3B7C4167A71E8F7E4228D7FD8DD8C615">Delfini, Carolina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E0C73C9511DA93C5FF5CAA4BEABE2D66">Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, ANCEFN-CONICET, Labardén 200, B 1642 HYD San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A47F134A940EA2D361935BC305EDFD8C">Salariato, Diego Leonel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D8AEA065BD7FDEE6BE920670FC37C17B">Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, ANCEFN-CONICET, Labardén 200, B 1642 HYD San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="9CDD4101D1D20EDDD505725DA119A245">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AC736A9E9693CC847E101EBB8A7D690B">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BAD2F906223A55EBE9F9846DAF72C443">646</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039287A2FFD0FFE196DE79DA1F82FE23" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214068" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13214068" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A2FFD0FFE196DE79DA1F82FE23" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287A2FFD0FFE196DE79DA1F82FE23" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">
<subSubSection id="C321653FFFD0FFE796DE79DA1C4AFF45" box="[136,636,158,181]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8436B4FFD0FFE796DE79DA1C4AFF45" blockId="19.[136,1451,158,217]" box="[136,636,158,181]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE796DE79DA1EACFF42" bold="true" box="[136,154,158,179]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D37FFD0FFE796F679DA1C1FFF44" authority="Zuloaga" authorityName="Zuloaga" box="[160,553,158,181]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Trichanthecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marunguensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE796F679DA1FE4FF45" bold="true" box="[160,466,158,180]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Trichanthecium marunguensis</emphasis>
Zuloaga
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57DDFFD0FFE7946479DB1C4AFF45" box="[562,636,159,180]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE7946479DB1C40FF45" box="[562,630,159,180]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653FFFD0FFE794D779DB1B0EFF26" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8436B4FFD0FFE794D779DB1B0EFF26" blockId="19.[136,1451,158,217]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">
<materialsCitation id="3B533CE9FFD0FFE794D779DB1A6DFF29" collectingDate="1970-02-15" collectionCode="BR" collectorName="S. Lisowski &amp; F. Malaisse &amp; J. J. Symoens" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" location="Mount Kibobwa" municipality="Plateau des Marungu" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" specimenCode="BR0000001222405" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
TYPE:—
<collectingCountry id="F32C7624FFD0FFE7948A79DB1A3DFF45" box="[732,1035,159,181]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACCEFFD0FFE7924279DB1AD6FF45" box="[1044,1248,159,181]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Plateau des Marungu</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EE4606FFFD0FFE792BC79DB1BBCFF44" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A2FFD0FFE196DE79DA1F82FE23:8EE4606FFFD0FFE792BC79DB1BBCFF44" box="[1258,1418,159,181]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" municipality="Plateau des Marungu" name="Mount Kibobwa" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Mount Kibobwa</location>
,
<date id="FF851074FFD0FFE793C579DA1F7AFF29" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" value="1970-02-15">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E99CFFD0FFE793C579DA1F7AFF29" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" value="1970-02-15">15 February 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE7970079871D24FF29" box="[342,786,195,216]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">
<collectorName id="26CE5362FFD0FFE7970079871FF2FF29" box="[342,452,195,216]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">S. Lisowski</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26CE5362FFD0FFE7979879871C0BFF29" box="[462,573,195,216]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">F. Malaisse</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26CE5362FFD0FFE7940D79871CEAFF29" box="[603,732,195,216]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">J. J. Symoens</collectorName>
9669
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54808816FFD0FFE7954979871D43FF28" box="[799,885,195,217]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE71FFD0FFE7952C79871DACFF29" box="[890,922,195,216]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">BR</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="DB9D9ECFFFD0FFE795F079861A78FF29" box="[934,1102,194,216]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">0000001222405</specimenCode>
!],
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B533CE9FFD0FFE7923679871AC2FF29" box="[1120,1268,195,217]" collectingDate="1970-02-15" collectionCode="POZG" collectorName="S. Lisowski &amp; F. Malaisse &amp; J. J. Symoens" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" location="Mount Kibobwa" municipality="Plateau des Marungu" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="isotype">
<typeStatus id="54808816FFD0FFE7923679871A93FF28" box="[1120,1189,195,217]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE71FFD0FFE792FA79871ADDFF29" box="[1196,1259,195,216]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">POZG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<figureCitation id="13002A31FFD0FFE792A879861B0EFF26" box="[1278,1336,194,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="20.[136,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,194,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-18@20.[166,1422,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 9. Trichanthecium marunguensis. A. Habit. B. Ligular region. C. Detail of a branch of the inflorescence. D. Spikelet, lateral view. E. Lower glume. F. Upper glume. G. Lower lemma. H. Lower palea, ventral view. I. Lower palea, dorsal view with stamens and lodicules. J. Upper anthecium, dorsal view. K. Upper anthecium, lateral view. L. Upper palea with lodicules and stamens. (Lisowski et al. 9669 BR)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215451/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE792A879861B0EFF26" bold="true" box="[1278,1336,194,216]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Fig. 9</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653FFFD0FFE796DE78431B7FFD07" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8436B4FFD0FFE796DE78431B7FFD07" blockId="19.[136,1452,263,1946]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">
Plants presumably perennial, base not observed,
<quantity id="4CC39B51FFD0FFE794F478431D26FED3" box="[674,784,263,290]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" unit="cm" value="65.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="60.0">60–70 cm</quantity>
tall; culms simple, erect; internodes cylindrical, up to
<quantity id="4CC39B51FFD0FFE7933178431B9DFED3" box="[1383,1451,263,290]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
long, hollow, glabrous to sparsely hairy with appressed tuberculate hairs; nodes compressed, glabrous.
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE79354786F1B6FFEB4" box="[1282,1369,299,325]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Sheaths</emphasis>
striate, open, longer than the internodes,
<quantity id="4CC39B51FFD0FFE79454780B1C44FE9B" box="[514,626,335,362]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" unit="cm" value="21.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="17.0">17–25 cm</quantity>
long, covered with appressed or spreading tuberculate hairs, the margins ciliate.
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE7968D78371F15FE7C" box="[219,291,371,397]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Ligule</emphasis>
membranous, laciniate at the apex,
<quantity id="4CC39B51FFD0FFE794EA78371D75FE7F" box="[700,835,371,398]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.8 mm</quantity>
long, brownish, with long hairs beneath at the base of the blade.
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE796AB78D31F7FFE40" box="[253,329,407,433]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Blades</emphasis>
lanceolate, 12–20 ×
<quantity id="4CC39B51FFD0FFE7946378D31C80FE43" box="[565,694,407,434]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" unit="cm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.6 cm</quantity>
, flat or with involute borders, rounded at base, the apex acuminate, densely covered, on both surfaces, with long tuberculate hairs, the margins ciliate, midrib manifest.
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE7935678FF1BA0FE24" box="[1280,1430,443,469]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Inflorescence</emphasis>
a terminal, contracted panicle,
<quantity id="4CC39B51FFD0FFE79798789B1C25FE0B" box="[462,531,479,506]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
long; main axis wavy, glabrous, pulvini glabrous; spikelets appressed and solitary on alternate first-order primary branches, axis of the branches glabrous, pedicels flexuous, claviform, glabrous,
<quantity id="4CC39B51FFD0FFE793077B471B9AFDEF" box="[1361,1452,515,542]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
long.
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE7969E7B631F1AFDB0" box="[200,300,551,577]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Spikelets</emphasis>
broadly ellipsoid, 2.2 ×
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, greenish and tinged with purple; lower glume as long as the spikelet, 5-nerved, glabrous, membranous, with two whitish tuberculate hairs
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long toward the apical portion; upper glume as long as the spikelet, 5-nerved, glabrous, membranous, slightly gibbose; lower lemma glumiform, 5-nerved,
<quantity id="4CC39B51FFD0FFE793CB7B2B1E82FD5F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous; lower palea elliptic, hyaline, 2 ×
<quantity id="4CC39B51FFD0FFE794817BD71D2CFD5F" box="[727,794,659,686]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, glabrous; lower flower staminate, anthers 3,
<quantity id="4CC39B51FFD0FFE793417BD71B5AFD5F" box="[1303,1388,659,686]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
long.
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE796DE7BFC1F7BFD20" box="[136,333,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Upper anthecium</emphasis>
plano-convex, 1.6–1.8 ×
<quantity id="4CC39B51FFD0FFE794277BF31C80FD23" box="[625,694,695,722]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, shorter than the upper glume and lower lemma, whitish, indurate, shiny, with bicellular microhairs at the lemma and palea surface, upper lemma 5-nerved.
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE7923B7B9F1AE9FD04" box="[1133,1247,731,757]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Caryopsis</emphasis>
not seen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653FFFD0FFE796EB7BBB1F26FCCC" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8436B4FFD0FFE796EB7BBB1F26FCCC" blockId="19.[136,1452,263,1946]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE796EB7BBB1FDAFCE8" bold="true" box="[189,492,767,793]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
—Endemic to the Marungu high plateau, in grassland at
<quantity id="4CC39B51FFD0FFE792397BBB1AF3FCEB" box="[1135,1221,767,794]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
elevation. In flower in February.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653FFFD0FFE196EB7A031F82FE23" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8436B4FFD0FFE796EB7A031A47FC74" blockId="19.[136,1452,263,1946]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE796EB7A031F3FFC90" bold="true" box="[189,265,839,865]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Notes:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D37FFD0FFE797707A031C48FC90" box="[294,638,839,865]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Trichanthecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marunguensis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE797707A031C48FC90" box="[294,638,839,865]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Trichanthecium marunguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D37FFD0FFE795B47A031AA4FC90" authorityName="Zuloaga &amp; Morrone" authorityYear="2011" box="[994,1170,839,865]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Trichanthecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE795B47A031AA4FC90" box="[994,1170,839,865]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Trichanthecium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its broadly ellipsoid spikelets, the lower glume with two tuberculate hairs,
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long, at the apical portion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B4FFD0FFE796EB7ACB1A1BFBE4" blockId="19.[136,1452,263,1946]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">
Only known from the
<typeStatus id="54808816FFD0FFE797EA7AD41FDAFC5B" box="[444,492,912,938]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">type</typeStatus>
collection, this species occurs only in the Marungu high plateau, southwest of Lake Tanganyka in D.R.
<collectingCountry id="F32C7624FFD0FFE7970A7AF71F91FC3C" box="[348,423,947,973]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Congo</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B45FFD0FFE797E37AF71CBCFC3C" author="Dessein, S. &amp; Robbrecht, E. &amp; Smets, E." box="[437,650,947,974]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" pagination="231 - 234" refId="ref18787" refString="Dessein, S., Robbrecht, E. &amp; Smets, E. (2006) A new heterophyllous Spermacoce species (Rubiaceae) from the Marungu Highlands, Democratic Republic of Congo. Novon 16 (2): 231 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.3417 / 1055 - 3177 (2006) 16 [231: ANHSSR] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">
Dessein
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE794457AF01C74FC3C" box="[531,578,947,973]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
), which is largely covered by savannas (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B45FFD0FFE792177AF71B15FC3C" author="Lisowski, S. &amp; Malaisse, F. J. &amp; Symoens, J." box="[1089,1315,947,973]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" pagination="51 - 56" refId="ref20059" refString="Lisowski, S., Malaisse, F. J. &amp; Symoens, J. (1971) Une flore des hauts plateaux du Katanga. Mitteilungen (aus) der Botanischen Staatssammlung Munchen 10: 51 - 56." type="journal article" year="1971">
Lisowski
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE792FB7AF01AD5FC3C" box="[1197,1251,947,973]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">et al.</emphasis>
1971
</bibRefCitation>
), dominated by many species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D37FFD0FFE797347A931FD3FC00" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[354,485,983,1009]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D37FFD0FFE7944E7A9C1C41FC03" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[536,631,984,1010]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
. The plateau is isolated from other highland areas, therefore forming a sky island of very peculiar environmental and edaphic conditions (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B45FFD0FFE795137ABF1A17FBE4" author="Dessein, S. &amp; Robbrecht, E. &amp; Smets, E." box="[837,1057,1019,1045]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" pagination="231 - 234" refId="ref18787" refString="Dessein, S., Robbrecht, E. &amp; Smets, E. (2006) A new heterophyllous Spermacoce species (Rubiaceae) from the Marungu Highlands, Democratic Republic of Congo. Novon 16 (2): 231 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.3417 / 1055 - 3177 (2006) 16 [231: ANHSSR] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">
Dessein
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE795F37AB81DEBFBE4" box="[933,989,1019,1045]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B4FFD0FFE796EB7D5B1EECF9FC" blockId="19.[136,1452,263,1946]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">
The transverse section of the leaf of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D37FFD0FFE7942F7D5B1DE4FBC8" box="[633,978,1055,1081]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Trichanthecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marunguensis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE7942F7D5B1DE4FBC8" box="[633,978,1055,1081]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Trichanthecium marunguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed a flat outline, ribs and furrows scarcely distinguishing, median keel undifferentiated, chlorenchyma cells elongated radially around the vascular bundles, 4–5 mesophyll cells between contiguous vascular bundles, vascular bundles with two sheaths, the outer with parenchymatous globose cells, translucent without specialized chloroplasts and with adaxial and abaxial extensions, 1(–2) seriate, linking the bundle with both epidermis, the inner sheath with mestomatic cells with the walls thickened and also without chloroplasts, the adaxial bulliform cells are inflated in well-defined fan-shaped groups, of 3–6 cells between consecutive vascular bundles, occupying approximately 1/4 of the leaf thickness (
<figureCitation id="13002A31FFD0FFE792C27DB31B27FAE0" box="[1172,1297,1271,1297]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1561,1583]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,211,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[151,1436,190,1536]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bright-field microscope micrographs of the leaf anatomy of Trichanthecium marunguensis. A–C. Transverse sections. A. Double headed arrows indicate nearby vascularbundles separated by 4–5 mesophyll cells. B. Adaxial groups of bulliform cells fan-shaped are indicated (bg). C. Colorless parenchymatous adaxial and abaxial extensions linking bundles with epidermis (ex) and raised epidermal cells surrounding the base of macrohairs (bm) are indicated. D–E. Adaxial epidermis in superficial view. D. Stomata with dome-shaped subsidiary cells (sc), basal cell of a bicellular microhair (*), and silica body in dumb-bell (sb) are indicated. E. Rows of stomata (st) and the base of a macrohair (mh) areindicated. Scale bars:A, 255 µm, B–C, 95 µm, D, 40 µm, E, 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215437/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Fig. 2A–C</figureCitation>
). The abaxial epidermis of the leaf in surface view with costal and intercostal zones differentiated, costal zones with silica bodies in dumb-bell and nodular shaped, intercostal zones with rectangular cells with undulations in the walls, alternating with intercostal zones with shorter cells, more cuboidal and without marked undulations, stomata with dome-shaped subsidiary cells, separated by a single interstomatal long cell, unicellular macrohairs with some raised epidermal cells surrounding the sunken base, bicellular microhairs and hooks scattered; the adaxial epidermis is similar to the abaxial one, but with square to short rectangular bulliform cells in intercostal zones, and less stomata and macrohairs (
<figureCitation id="13002A31FFD0FFE793287C8B1EFFF9FF" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1561,1583]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,211,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[151,1436,190,1536]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bright-field microscope micrographs of the leaf anatomy of Trichanthecium marunguensis. A–C. Transverse sections. A. Double headed arrows indicate nearby vascularbundles separated by 4–5 mesophyll cells. B. Adaxial groups of bulliform cells fan-shaped are indicated (bg). C. Colorless parenchymatous adaxial and abaxial extensions linking bundles with epidermis (ex) and raised epidermal cells surrounding the base of macrohairs (bm) are indicated. D–E. Adaxial epidermis in superficial view. D. Stomata with dome-shaped subsidiary cells (sc), basal cell of a bicellular microhair (*), and silica body in dumb-bell (sb) are indicated. E. Rows of stomata (st) and the base of a macrohair (mh) areindicated. Scale bars:A, 255 µm, B–C, 95 µm, D, 40 µm, E, 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215437/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Fig. 2D–E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B4FFD0FFE796EB7F531DDFF868" blockId="19.[136,1452,263,1946]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">
Although the general pattern of leaf anatomy of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D37FFD0FFE7948E7F531A1AF9C0" box="[728,1068,1559,1585]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Trichanthecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marunguensis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE7948E7F531A1AF9C0" box="[728,1068,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Trichanthecium marunguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE7926A7F531B2DF9C0" box="[1084,1307,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Lisowski et al. 9669</emphasis>
) agrees with that of a C
<subScript id="17BF34F1FFD0FFE796AC7F091F34F9AA" attach="left" box="[250,258,1613,1627]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">3</subScript>
species, some characters are somewhat distinctive such as the vascular bundles that are closer together than in other C
<subScript id="17BF34F1FFD0FFE796A17F351EC9F98E" attach="left" box="[247,255,1649,1663]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">3</subScript>
species, with only 4 to 5 mesophyll cells between adjacent bundles, and the presence of adaxial and abaxial parenchymatous extensions of the vascular bundles (
<figureCitation id="13002A31FFD0FFE794897FC71D6DF96C" box="[735,859,1667,1693]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1561,1583]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,211,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[151,1436,190,1536]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bright-field microscope micrographs of the leaf anatomy of Trichanthecium marunguensis. A–C. Transverse sections. A. Double headed arrows indicate nearby vascularbundles separated by 4–5 mesophyll cells. B. Adaxial groups of bulliform cells fan-shaped are indicated (bg). C. Colorless parenchymatous adaxial and abaxial extensions linking bundles with epidermis (ex) and raised epidermal cells surrounding the base of macrohairs (bm) are indicated. D–E. Adaxial epidermis in superficial view. D. Stomata with dome-shaped subsidiary cells (sc), basal cell of a bicellular microhair (*), and silica body in dumb-bell (sb) are indicated. E. Rows of stomata (st) and the base of a macrohair (mh) areindicated. Scale bars:A, 255 µm, B–C, 95 µm, D, 40 µm, E, 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215437/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Fig. 2A–C</figureCitation>
). These both particular attributes were also reported in the foliar anatomy of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D37FFD0FFE797F37FE31CEAF930" box="[421,732,1703,1729]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Trichanthecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyanescens">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE797F37FE31CEAF930" box="[421,732,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">Trichanthecium cyanescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D37FFD0FFE7954E7FEC1A9FF930" authority="(Zuloaga et al. 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Zuloaga" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[792,1193,1703,1729]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Trichanthecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wettsteinii">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE7954E7FEC1D9FF930" box="[792,937,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">T. wettsteinii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B45FFD0FFE795EC7FE31A94F930" author="Zuloaga, F. O. &amp; Morrone, O. &amp; Scataglini, M. A." box="[954,1186,1703,1729]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" pagination="1 - 101" refId="ref22019" refString="Zuloaga, F. O., Morrone, O. &amp; Scataglini, M. A. (2011) Monograph of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Paniceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 94: 1 - 101." type="journal article" year="2011">
Zuloaga
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE792777FEC1A6AF930" box="[1057,1116,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B45FFD0FFE792E17FE31B08F930" author="Ellis, R. P." box="[1207,1342,1703,1729]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" pagination="129 - 156" refId="ref19237" refString="Ellis, R. P. (1988) Leaf anatomy and systematics of Panicum (Poaceae: Panicoideae) in southern Africa. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 25: 129 - 156." type="journal article" year="1988">Ellis (1988)</bibRefCitation>
analyzed South African species of
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE797F87F881C0DF914" box="[430,571,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D37FFD0FFE797F87F881C24F914" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[430,530,1740,1765]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Panicum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57DDFFD0FFE7944D7F8F1C0DF914" box="[539,571,1739,1765]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and grouped species C
<subScript id="17BF34F1FFD0FFE7951A7F991D62F91A" attach="left" box="[844,852,1757,1771]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">3</subScript>
with this
<typeStatus id="54808816FFD0FFE7959A7F881DCAF917" box="[972,1020,1740,1766]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">type</typeStatus>
of anatomy in the Group 1b. On the other hand, the C
<subScript id="17BF34F1FFD0FFE7971E7E451F66F8FE" attach="left" box="[328,336,1793,1807]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">3</subScript>
species that lack these attributes were included in the group Group 1a as
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD0FFE792D77FB41B16F8F8" box="[1153,1312,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="249">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D37FFD0FFE792D77FB41B2AF8F8" authorityName=", Nees" authorityYear="1841" box="[1153,1308,1776,1801]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aequinerve">P. aequinerve</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B45FFD0FFE793717FAB1B9DF8F8" author="Ellis, R. P." box="[1319,1451,1775,1801]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" pagination="129 - 156" refId="ref19237" refString="Ellis, R. P. (1988) Leaf anatomy and systematics of Panicum (Poaceae: Panicoideae) in southern Africa. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 25: 129 - 156." type="journal article" year="1988">Ellis (1988)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that species of both groups are anatomically related and possibly the distance between adjacent bundles and the parenchymatous extensions of the bundles could depend on the sunlight situation of the specimen. Based on these observations,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B45FFD0FFE797727E1F1F9FF884" author="Ellis, R. P." box="[292,425,1883,1909]" pageId="19" pageNumber="249" pagination="129 - 156" refId="ref19237" refString="Ellis, R. P. (1988) Leaf anatomy and systematics of Panicum (Poaceae: Panicoideae) in southern Africa. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 25: 129 - 156." type="journal article" year="1988">Ellis (1988)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out that both groups are only anatomically recognized but are undoubtedly closely related, an idea that is supported here by the phylogenetic analysis presented.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF44663CFFD7FFE096DE7EE51EDAF7D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215451" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13215451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215451/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="250" startId="20.[136,234,1953,1975]" targetBox="[170,1418,194,1925]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8436B4FFD7FFE096DE7EE51EDAF7D3" blockId="20.[136,1452,1953,2082]" pageId="20" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD7FFE096DE7EE51ECBF847" bold="true" box="[136,253,1953,1975]" pageId="20" pageNumber="250">FIGURE 9</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD7FFE0975F7EE51C74F846" box="[265,578,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D37FFD7FFE0975F7EE51C0AF847" box="[265,572,1953,1975]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Trichanthecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="20" pageNumber="250" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marunguensis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD7FFE0975F7EE51C0AF847" bold="true" box="[265,572,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="250">Trichanthecium marunguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD7FFE0941E7EE51C6FF847" bold="true" box="[584,601,1953,1974]" pageId="20" pageNumber="250">A</emphasis>
. Habit.
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD7FFE094FE7EE51C8EF847" bold="true" box="[680,696,1953,1974]" pageId="20" pageNumber="250">B</emphasis>
. Ligular region.
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD7FFE0950D7EE51D5AF846" bold="true" box="[859,876,1953,1975]" pageId="20" pageNumber="250">C</emphasis>
. Detail of a branch of the inflorescence.
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD7FFE092A17EE51B3EF847" bold="true" box="[1271,1288,1953,1974]" pageId="20" pageNumber="250">D</emphasis>
. Spikelet, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD7FFE096947E811EE4F82B" bold="true" box="[194,210,1989,2010]" pageId="20" pageNumber="250">E</emphasis>
. Lower glume.
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD7FFE0973B7E811F4AF82B" bold="true" box="[365,380,1989,2010]" pageId="20" pageNumber="250">F</emphasis>
. Upper glume.
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD7FFE094437E811C1EF82A" bold="true" box="[533,552,1989,2011]" pageId="20" pageNumber="250">G</emphasis>
. Lower lemma.
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD7FFE0949E7E811CEDF82B" bold="true" box="[712,731,1989,2010]" pageId="20" pageNumber="250">H</emphasis>
. Lower palea, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD7FFE095A67E811DCFF82B" bold="true" box="[1008,1017,1989,2010]" pageId="20" pageNumber="250">I</emphasis>
. Lower palea, dorsal view with stamens and lodicules.
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD7FFE096BC7EAD1EC0F80F" bold="true" box="[234,246,2025,2046]" pageId="20" pageNumber="250">J</emphasis>
. Upper anthecium, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD7FFE0947A7EAD1C09F80F" bold="true" box="[556,575,2025,2046]" pageId="20" pageNumber="250">K</emphasis>
. Upper anthecium, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD7FFE095207EAD1DB0F80F" bold="true" box="[886,902,2025,2046]" pageId="20" pageNumber="250">L</emphasis>
. Upper palea with lodicules and stamens. (
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD7FFE093747EAD1E8EF7D3" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="250">Lisowski et al. 9669</emphasis>
BR).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8436B4FFD6FFE196EB79DA1F82FE23" blockId="21.[136,1452,158,466]" pageId="21" pageNumber="251">
The analysis of the spikelet of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D37FFD6FFE1944779DA1D52FF49" box="[529,868,158,184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Trichanthecium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="21" pageNumber="251" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marunguensis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA6FFD6FFE1944779DA1D52FF49" box="[529,868,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="251">Trichanthecium marunguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with SEM revealed that the abaxial epidermis of the lower glume has, in the nerved zones, rows of dumb-bell silica bodies, with stomata between nerves; also, elongated bicellular microhairs are distributed mainly in the upper half of the glume; two prominent macrohairs were observed at the apex of the lower glume, each one having an hemispherical cell surrounding the base of the hair (
<figureCitation id="13002A31FFD6FFE19355784C1BADFED3" box="[1283,1435,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,206,1607]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[151,1436,190,1616]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Trichanthecium marunguensis. A. Dorsal view ofthe apex of the lower glume with two prominent macrohairs. B. Detail of the base of a macrohair, showing the hemispherical cell surrounding its base. C. Upper anthecium in dorsal view. D. Lower glume in dorsal view showing the two macrohairs that are longer than the glume. E. Apex of the lemma with simple papillae and elongated bicellular microhairs (wall of the proximal cell thicker than the distal cell collapsed or deciduous). F. Apex of the upper palea showing simple papillae, bicellular microhairs and prickles in the distal portion. G. Upper anthecium, ventral view. Scale bars: A, C, E–G, 200 µm, B, 100 µm, D, 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215439/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="251">Fig. 3A–B, D</figureCitation>
). The upper anthecium is typically plano-convex with small simple papillae on the upper lemma, scarce in its lower half. Also, elongated bicellular microhairs were observed, with the proximal cells with thicker wall than the distal one, the latter collapsed or sometimes deciduous. The surface of the palea presents similar characteristics to the ones described for the upper lemma, with the addition that some developed prickles were observed in the apex, partially covered by the lemma (
<figureCitation id="13002A31FFD6FFE1975B78FC1F95FE23" box="[269,419,440,466]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1640,1662]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,206,1607]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[151,1436,190,1616]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Trichanthecium marunguensis. A. Dorsal view ofthe apex of the lower glume with two prominent macrohairs. B. Detail of the base of a macrohair, showing the hemispherical cell surrounding its base. C. Upper anthecium in dorsal view. D. Lower glume in dorsal view showing the two macrohairs that are longer than the glume. E. Apex of the lemma with simple papillae and elongated bicellular microhairs (wall of the proximal cell thicker than the distal cell collapsed or deciduous). F. Apex of the upper palea showing simple papillae, bicellular microhairs and prickles in the distal portion. G. Upper anthecium, ventral view. Scale bars: A, C, E–G, 200 µm, B, 100 µm, D, 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215439/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="251">Fig. 3C, E–G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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