345 lines
44 KiB
XML
345 lines
44 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="C99AAB407E8E26E903EF40902A51B9C4">
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<mods:title id="01685F9B565D691986A0DBE21E8B9732">An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="40EF2013530C72A3F767323A3C242E17" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="25D428D8A05BD070F5759C1508C7CBD5">Ebert, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="DEE4A1F6877D0B6870F82DE36AD6E745" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8EE350B85D503540315D83BDDE587A30">Wintner, Sabine P.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0B5C66D02036358ABA4AEBFEEBA50525">Kyne, Peter M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="178C4B24F7469BF4D862924E115EAA10" type="email">debert@mlml.calstate.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="4B35D580F6A63524099DF0E610481AF9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="925DA1442116C7335EA48253D8B094F8">
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<mods:date id="3724851C9087EEAB79E4461C0393ECFD">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="898F52409045C67869E002D4E95EA8A2">4947</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039287A19555FFB3CFF75F53FDED219A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4693937" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181006896" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4693937" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A19555FFB3CFF75F53FDED219A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287A19555FFB3CFF75F53FDED219A" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<subSubSection id="C321653C9555FFB2CFF75F53FECB25F2" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79555FFB2CFF75F53FD712517" blockId="60.[151,1437,1374,2013]" box="[151,648,1374,1401]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<heading id="D0CC81DB9555FFB2CFF75F53FD712517" bold="true" box="[151,648,1374,1401]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349555FFB2CFF75F53FD712517" ID-CoL="R3MV" ID-ENA="1214654" authority="(Gunther, 1870)" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[151,648,1374,1401]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CFF75F53FD712517" bold="true" box="[151,648,1374,1401]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CFF75F53FE3D2516" bold="true" box="[151,452,1374,1401]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Carcharhinus brachyurus</emphasis>
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(Günther, 1870)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79555FFB2CFF75F8EFECB25F2" blockId="60.[151,1437,1374,2013]" box="[151,306,1411,1437]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Copper Shark</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C321653C9555FFB2CFF75FAAFB49271E" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79555FFB2CFF75FAAFB2C2666" blockId="60.[151,1437,1374,2013]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349555FFB2CFF75FAAFE6625AE" ID-CoL="R3RS" authorityName="Guenther" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,415,1447,1473]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CFF75FAAFE6625AE" box="[151,415,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Carcharias brachyurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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G̹nther, 1870: 369.
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<typeStatus id="548088159555FFB2CDF45FAAFD0E25AE" box="[660,759,1447,1473]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
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: NMNZ P. 2262, female
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<quantity id="4CC39B529555FFB2CB785FAAFB7D25AE" box="[1048,1156,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.42" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="2420.0">2420 mm</quantity>
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TL, off Wanganui,
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<collectingCountry id="F32C76279555FFB2CA075FAAFEDD258A" name="New Zealand" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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;
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<typeStatus id="548088159555FFB2CE4F5FC6FE71258A" box="[303,392,1483,1509]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
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designation by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CD5B5FC6FD1F258A" author="Garrick" box="[571,742,1483,1509]" firstAuthor="Garrick" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref102208" refString="Garrick, J. A. F. (1982) Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 445, 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Garrick (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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; original type material in BMNH are apparently lost, and two Australian embryos referred to by G̹nther (1870) are actually
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349555FFB2CCE65FE2FC172666" ID-CoL="R3NW" authorityName=": Davies" authorityYear="1964" box="[902,1006,1519,1545]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucas">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CCE65FE2FC172666" box="[902,1006,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">C. leucas</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CB495FE2FB312666" author="Garrick" box="[1065,1224,1519,1545]" firstAuthor="Garrick" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref102208" refString="Garrick, J. A. F. (1982) Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 445, 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Garrick, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79555FFB2CFF75C1EFB49271E" blockId="60.[151,1437,1374,2013]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CFF75C1EFEA32642" bold="true" box="[151,346,1555,1581]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Local synonymy</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349555FFB2CE0A5C1EFD9A2642" ID-CoL="R3VV" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[362,611,1555,1581]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CE0A5C1EFD9A2642" box="[362,611,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Carcharinus obscurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69555FFB2CD125C1EFCC42642" box="[626,829,1554,1581]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CD125C1EFCC42642" author="Barnard" box="[626,829,1554,1581]" firstAuthor="Barnard" page="25" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref92438" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418." type="journal article" year="1925">Barnard, 1925: 25</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(misidentified).
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349555FFB2CC995C1EFB3C2642" ID-CoL="3C9SZ" authority="(Gunther, 1870)" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1017,1221,1555,1581]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Eulamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
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||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CC995C1EFB3C2642" box="[1017,1221,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Eulamia obscurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69555FFB2CBB45C1EFF1B263E" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CBB45C1EFF1B263E" author="von Bonde, C." pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref117977" refString="von Bonde, C. (1934) Shark fishing as an industry. Union of South Africa, Department of Commerce and Industry, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Investigational Report, Series 2, 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1934">von Bonde, 1934: 14</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(misidentified after
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CEA65C3AFD93263E" author="Barnard" box="[454,618,1590,1617]" firstAuthor="Barnard" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref92438" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418." type="journal article" year="1925">Barnard, 1925</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349555FFB2CD1D5C3AFC7A263E" ID-CoL="R3PY" authority=": Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948 b: 382" authorityName=": Bigelow & Schroeder" authorityPageNumber="382" authorityYear="1948" box="[637,899,1591,1617]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CD1D5C3AFC7A263E" box="[637,899,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Carcharhinus obscurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69555FFB2CCF25C3AFA64263E" box="[914,1437,1591,1617]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CCF25C3AFAED263E" author="Bigelow & Schroeder" box="[914,1300,1591,1617]" firstAuthor="Bigelow" page="382" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="56 - 576" refId="ref93577" refString="Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1948 b) Sharks. Fishes of the Western North Atlantic Part 1. Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Series 1, 1, 56 - 576." type="journal article" year="1948" yearSuffix="b">Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948b: 382</bibRefCitation>
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||
, figs. 71–72
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(in part, South African records refer to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CDF05C56FCC7261A" author="Barnard's" box="[656,830,1626,1653]" firstAuthor="Barnard's" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref92438" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418." type="journal article" year="1925">Barnard’s 1925</bibRefCitation>
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||
specimen).
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349555FFB2CCAD5C56FF0B26F6" ID-CoL="R3VL" authority=": Smith, 1952 c: 761" authorityName=": Smith" authorityPageNumber="761" authorityYear="1952" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="improvisus">
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||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CCAD5C56FB12261B" box="[973,1259,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Carcharhinus improvisus</emphasis>
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||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CB9C5C56FF0B26F6" author="Smith, J. L. B." pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="760 - 765" refId="ref114877" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1952 c) Two chondrichthyan fishes new to South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 5, 760 - 765. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935208654346" type="journal article" year="1952">Smith, 1952c: 761</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 1 (original description, Algoa
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<collectingRegion id="49FFF8559555FFB2CDE75C72FD4126F6" box="[647,696,1663,1689]" country="Somalia" name="Bay" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Bay</collectingRegion>
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||
);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CDAF5C72FC7E26F6" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[719,903,1662,1689]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="6 - 7" refId="ref114969" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1952 e) We need information about sharks: anglers can help science. South African Angler, 6 (11), 6 - 7, 22." type="journal article" year="1952">Smith, 1952e: 6</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 3;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CC825C72FB6526F6" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[994,1180,1662,1689]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref115063" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1953) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 3 rd Edition. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 564 pp." type="book" year="1953">Smith, 1953: 41</bibRefCitation>
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||
, pl. 104;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CA6A5C72FA6126F6" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[1290,1432,1663,1689]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="363 - 368" refId="ref115594" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1963) Shark attacks in the South African seas. In: Gilbert, P. W. (Ed.), Sharks and Survival. D. C. Heath, Boston, pp. 363 - 368." type="book chapter" year="1963">Smith, 1963</bibRefCitation>
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||
, 364, figs. 1–3.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349555FFB2CE115CAEFCC126D2" ID-CoL="R3M9" authority=": Smith, 1962 a: 28" authorityName=": Smith" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="1962" box="[369,824,1699,1725]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ahenea">
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||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CE115CAEFD9D26D2" box="[369,612,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Carcharhinus ahenea</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CD135CAEFCC126D2" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[627,824,1699,1725]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="28" refId="ref115538" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1962 a) Bronze whaler shark of Australia comes to South Africa. Field & Tide, 4 (1), 28." type="journal article" year="1962">Smith, 1962a: 28</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CC255CAEFBCC26D2" author="D'Aubrey" box="[837,1077,1699,1725]" firstAuthor="D'Aubrey" page="31" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 95" refId="ref96632" refString="D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95." type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">D’Aubrey, 1964a: 31</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 15.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349555FFB2CBF25CAEFE79268E" ID-CoL="R3P2" authority=": Doyle, 1964: 18" authorityName=": Doyle" authorityPageNumber="18" authorityYear="1964" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limbatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CBF25CAEFA6D26D2" box="[1170,1428,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Carcharhinus limbatus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CFA65CCAFE79268E" author="Doyle" box="[198,384,1735,1761]" firstAuthor="Doyle" page="18" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="18 - 19" refId="ref97848" refString="Doyle, D. (1964) Shark fight at Buffels bay. Fin Diver, 1 (8), 18 - 19." type="journal article" year="1964">Doyle, 1964: 18</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349555FFB2CED35CCAFC2A268E" ID-CoL="R3MV" authority=": Bass et al., 1973: 23" authorityName="Bass" authorityPageNumber="23" authorityYear="1973" box="[435,979,1735,1761]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CED35CCAFD2F268E" box="[435,726,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Carcharhinus brachyurus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CD865CCAFC2A268E" author="Bass" box="[742,979,1735,1761]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bass" page="23" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref92862" refString="Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1973) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. I. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 33, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1973">
|
||
Bass
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CC435CCAFCAF268E" box="[803,854,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1973: 23
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 8;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CB4E5CCAFAFE268E" author="Garrick" box="[1070,1287,1735,1761]" firstAuthor="Garrick" page="171" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref102208" refString="Garrick, J. A. F. (1982) Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 445, 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Garrick, 1982: 171</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 78–81;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CFA65CE6FE29276A" author="Compagno" box="[198,464,1771,1797]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="464" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="251 - 655" refId="ref95496" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655." type="book chapter" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Compagno, 1984b: 464</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CD705CE6FD0F276A" author="Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V." box="[528,758,1771,1797]" editor="Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C." journalOrPublisher="Macmillan, Johannesburg" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="104 - 105" refId="ref93292" refString="Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105." title="Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Smith's Sea Fishes" year="1986">
|
||
Bass
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CD2C5CE6FD84276A" box="[588,637,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1986: 71
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 9.5, pl. 2;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CCC15CE6FB45276A" author="Cliff & Wilson" box="[929,1212,1771,1797]" firstAuthor="Cliff" page="21" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref95251" refString="Cliff, G. & Wilson, R. B. (1986) Natal Sharks Board's Field Guide to Sharks and Other Marine Animals. Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, 57 pp." type="book" year="1986">Cliff & Wilson, 1986: 21</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CBA75CE6FF0A2746" author="Compagno" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="316" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref95624" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp." type="book" year="1988" yearSuffix="a">Compagno, 1988a: 316</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Compagno,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CEE65D02FE4F2746" box="[390,438,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1989: 62, pl.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CD035D02FCA72746" author="Compagno" box="[611,862,1807,1833]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="120" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="75 - 120" refId="ref95720" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406" type="journal article" year="1999">Compagno, 1999: 120</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CC085D02FB2A2746" author="Heemstra & Heemstra" box="[872,1235,1806,1833]" firstAuthor="Heemstra" page="57" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref104374" refString="Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp." type="book" year="2004">Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 57</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CBBD5D02FEC32722" author="Compagno" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" page="292" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref95897" refString="Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp." type="book" year="2005">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69555FFB2CBBD5D02FEFB2722" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Compagno
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CA3E5D02FA772746" box="[1374,1422,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2005
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
: 292
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig., pl. 61;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CEAB5D3EFD6A2722" author="Ebert, D. A. & Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V." box="[459,659,1843,1869]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref99433" refString="Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp." type="book" year="2013">
|
||
Ebert
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CD6F5D3EFDB82722" box="[527,577,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a: 461, fig., pl. 67;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CC085D3EFBE62722" author="Mann" box="[872,1055,1843,1869]" firstAuthor="Mann" page="31" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref109360" refString="Mann, B. Q. (2013) Southern African marine linefish species profiles. Oceanographic Research Institute, Special Publication, 9, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="2013">Mann, 2013: 31</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CB4B5D3EFB142722" author="NPOA" box="[1067,1261,1843,1869]" firstAuthor="NPOA" page="40" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref110949" refString="NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp." type="book" year="2013">NPOA, 2013: 40</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69555FFB2CB995D3EFEC3271E" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CB995D3EFEC3271E" author="da Silva" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="da Silva" page="246" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="233 - 248" refId="ref96965" refString="da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
da Silva
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CA3D5D3EFA772722" box="[1373,1422,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2015: 246
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CE255D5AFD76271E" author="Ebert & van Hees" box="[325,655,1878,1905]" firstAuthor="Ebert" page="146" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="141 - 156" refId="ref99877" refString="Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the " Lost Sharks " of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730" type="journal article" year="2015">Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CDFB5D5AFC5F271E" author="Compagno" box="[667,934,1879,1905]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="1299" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref95819" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336." type="book" year="2016">Compagno, 2016: 1299</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CCD15D5AFB52271E" author="Weigmann, S." box="[945,1195,1878,1905]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="837 - 1037" refId="ref118762" refString="Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874" type="journal article" year="2016">Weigmann, 2016: 854</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C321653C9555FFB2CFF75D77FB1827B2" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79555FFB2CFF75D77FAB027D6" blockId="60.[151,1437,1374,2013]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CFF75D77FE0427FB" bold="true" box="[151,509,1914,1941]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279555FFB2CFF75D77FED427FB" box="[151,301,1914,1940]" name="South Africa" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
voucher material
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729555FFB2CD6A5D76FDA727FA" box="[522,606,1915,1941]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
6121,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729555FFB2CDC85D76FD0527FA" box="[680,764,1915,1941]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
6347,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729555FFB2CC255D76FC6027FA" box="[837,921,1915,1941]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
10442,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729555FFB2CC915D76FBBC27FA" box="[1009,1093,1915,1941]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
10722,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729555FFB2CBFD5D76FB0827FA" box="[1181,1265,1915,1941]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
12820,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729555FFB2CA285D76FA6527FA" box="[1352,1436,1915,1941]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
13024,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729555FFB2CE7A5D92FE9727D6" box="[282,366,1951,1977]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
14864,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729555FFB2CEA95D92FDE427D6" box="[457,541,1951,1977]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
27580,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729555FFB2CD185D92FD3527D6" box="[632,716,1951,1977]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
30170,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729555FFB2CC475D92FC8227D6" box="[807,891,1951,1977]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
44231,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729555FFB2CCB65D92FBD327D6" box="[982,1066,1951,1977]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
201711,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729555FFB2CBF25D92FB1F27D6" box="[1170,1254,1951,1977]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
202978.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79555FFB2CFF75DCFFB1827B2" blockId="60.[151,1437,1374,2013]" box="[151,1249,1986,2013]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CFF75DCFFE2A27B3" bold="true" box="[151,467,1986,2012]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">South African distribution</emphasis>
|
||
: Almost the entire coast from the Orange River (NC) to central KZN.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C321653C9554FFB3CFF75A9AFDED219A" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79554FFB3CFF75A9AFC2A21BE" blockId="61.[151,1437,150,501]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CFF75A9AFEFD20DE" bold="true" box="[151,260,151,177]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
: This species has a long checkered nomenclatural history.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CCC45A9AFBA820DE" author="Barnard" box="[932,1105,150,177]" firstAuthor="Barnard" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref92438" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418." type="journal article" year="1925">Barnard (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
first recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349554FFB3CB9A5A9AFA6420DE" box="[1274,1437,151,177]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CB9A5A9AFA6420DE" box="[1274,1437,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. brachyurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in South African waters based on a specimen from Table
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF8559554FFB3CC3F5AB6FC7520BA" box="[863,908,187,213]" country="Somalia" name="Bay" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
(WC), however, he had misidentified it as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349554FFB3CAE35AB6FED22096" authorityName=": Bigelow & Schroeder" authorityYear="1948" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CAE35AB6FED22096" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349554FFB3CED75AD2FDC62096" authorityName=": Bigelow & Schroeder" authorityYear="1948" box="[439,575,223,249]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CED75AD2FDC62096" box="[439,575,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appeared in the literature until
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CCCF5AD2FBAD2096" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[943,1108,222,249]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="857 - 863" refId="ref114827" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1952 b) Carcharhinus zambezensis Peters, 1852, notes on other chondrichthyan fishes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 5, 857 - 863. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935208654359" type="journal article" year="1952">Smith (1952b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349554FFB3CAE35AD2FEB92173" authorityName=": Smith" authorityYear="1952" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="improvisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CAE35AD2FEB92173" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. improvisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Algoa
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF8559554FFB3CEB95B0EFDF12172" box="[473,520,259,285]" country="Somalia" name="Bay" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CD765B0EFD432171" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[534,698,259,286]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="28" refId="ref115538" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1962 a) Bronze whaler shark of Australia comes to South Africa. Field & Tide, 4 (1), 28." type="journal article" year="1962">Smith (1962a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
later recorded this species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349554FFB3CB7E5B0EFB6D2172" authorityName=": Smith" authorityYear="1962" box="[1054,1172,259,285]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ahenea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CB7E5B0EFB6D2172" box="[1054,1172,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. ahenea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from False
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF8559554FFB3CA455B0EFAAB2172" box="[1317,1362,259,285]" country="Somalia" name="Bay" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
(WC) and considered them different species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CDE05B2AFCA8212D" author="D'Aubrey" box="[640,849,295,322]" firstAuthor="D'Aubrey" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 95" refId="ref96632" refString="D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95." type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">D’Aubrey (1964a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349554FFB3CB755B2AFB7E212E" authorityName=": Smith" authorityYear="1962" box="[1045,1159,295,321]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ahenea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CB755B2AFB7E212E" box="[1045,1159,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. ahenea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349554FFB3CBA05B2AFAA5212F" authorityName=": Smith" authorityYear="1952" box="[1216,1372,295,321]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="improvisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CBA05B2AFAA5212F" box="[1216,1372,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. improvisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be synonymous under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349554FFB3CD715B46FD7D210A" authorityName=": Smith" authorityYear="1962" box="[529,644,331,357]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ahenea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CD715B46FD7D210A" box="[529,644,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. ahenea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The specimen originally identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CB225B46FB16210A" author="Barnard" box="[1090,1263,330,357]" firstAuthor="Barnard" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref92438" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418." type="journal article" year="1925">Barnard (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349554FFB3CA765B46FA65210A" authorityName=": Bigelow & Schroeder" authorityYear="1948" box="[1302,1436,331,357]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CA765B46FA65210A" box="[1302,1436,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had been stuffed and was on exhibit at
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF8559554FFB3CDEC5B62FD3021E6" box="[652,713,367,393]" country="Syria" name="Dimashq" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">SAM</collectingRegion>
|
||
when it was examined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CB615B62FB3421E6" author="Bass" box="[1025,1229,367,393]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bass" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref92862" refString="Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1973) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. I. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 33, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1973">
|
||
Bass
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CB5F5B62FB8A21E6" box="[1087,1139,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1973)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who confirmed it as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349554FFB3CF865B9EFE7121C2" box="[230,392,403,429]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CF865B9EFE7121C2" box="[230,392,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. brachyurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the jaws.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CD095B9EFCE821C2" author="Garrick" box="[617,785,403,429]" firstAuthor="Garrick" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref102208" refString="Garrick, J. A. F. (1982) Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 445, 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Garrick (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reviewed the various names, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349554FFB3CBB75B9EFAB321C2" authorityName=": Smith" authorityYear="1962" box="[1239,1354,403,429]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ahenea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CBB75B9EFAB321C2" box="[1239,1354,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. ahenea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349554FFB3CAE35B9EFEB921BF" authorityName=": Smith" authorityYear="1952" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="improvisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CAE35B9EFEB921BF" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. improvisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and assigned them all to the same species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349554FFB3CC4C5BBAFC3421BE" box="[812,973,439,465]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CC4C5BBAFC3421BE" box="[812,973,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. brachyurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79554FFB3CFF75BD7FDED219A" blockId="61.[151,1437,150,501]" box="[151,532,474,501]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CFF75BD7FE7D219A" bold="true" box="[151,388,474,501]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Conservation status</emphasis>
|
||
: VU (2020).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |