treatments-xml/data/03/92/87/039287A19543FFA5CFF75C73FDED22EA.xml

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<mods:title id="1B1BE1410C722174A2EA328D256CAF21">An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79543FFA4CFF75C73FD7826F7" blockId="42.[151,1437,1662,2013]" box="[151,641,1662,1689]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<heading id="D0CC81DB9543FFA4CFF75C73FD7826F7" bold="true" box="[151,641,1662,1689]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349543FFA4CFF75C73FD7826F7" ID-CoL="5WZLF" ID-ENA="13397" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,641,1662,1689]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lamnidae" genus="Carcharodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carcharias">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59543FFA4CFF75C73FD7826F7" bold="true" box="[151,641,1662,1689]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59543FFA4CFF75C73FE4A26F6" bold="true" box="[151,435,1662,1689]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Carcharodon carcharias</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CEA35C73FD8026F7" author="Linnaeus" box="[451,633,1662,1688]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref108777" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653C9543FFA4CFF75CAFFE9126D3" box="[151,360,1698,1724]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8B8436B79543FFA4CFF75CAFFE9126D3" blockId="42.[151,1437,1662,2013]" box="[151,360,1698,1724]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Great White Shark</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653C9543FFA5CFF75CCBFDAB2096" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8436B79543FFA4CFF75CCBFBA3268F" blockId="42.[151,1437,1662,2013]" box="[151,1114,1734,1761]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69543FFA4CFF75CCBFDA6268E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3913158" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3913158" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5B6D56C6-3426-417A-AA32-63464DB72FB3" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[151,607,1734,1761]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F63D87BA6E5CD01D3923DA3DC67257C" page="235" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1758">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349543FFA4CFF75CCBFDA6268E" ID-CoL="6ZDY9" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 235" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="235" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,607,1734,1761]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lamnidae" genus="Squalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carcharias">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59543FFA4CFF75CCBFE96268F" box="[151,367,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Squalus carcharias</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CE165CCBFDA6268E" author="Linnaeus" box="[374,607,1734,1761]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" page="235" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref108777" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 235</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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. 
<typeStatus id="548088159543FFA4CD0A5CCBFD2B268F" box="[618,722,1734,1760]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
unknown, type locality: “Europa”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B79543FFA5CFF75CE7FDAB2096" blockId="42.[151,1437,1662,2013]" lastBlockId="43.[151,1437,150,645]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59543FFA4CFF75CE7FE98276B" bold="true" box="[151,353,1770,1796]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Local synonymy</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349543FFA4CE175CE7FD7F276B" ID-CoL="R3WF" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" box="[375,646,1770,1796]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lamnidae" genus="Carcharodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rondeletii">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59543FFA4CE175CE7FD7F276B" box="[375,646,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Carcharodon rondeletii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69543FFA4CDFC5CE7FC25276B" box="[668,988,1770,1797]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
M̹ller &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CC7A5CE7FC25276B" author="Henle" box="[794,988,1770,1797]" firstAuthor="Henle" page="70" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="29 - 102" refId="ref110013" refString="M ʾ ller, J. &amp; Henle, F. G. J. (1839) s. n. In: Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Plagiostomen, Berlin, pp. 29 - 102." type="book chapter" year="1839">Henle, 1839: 70</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(original description including 
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279543FFA4CA3B5CE7FEEA2746" name="South Africa" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">South Africa</collectingCountry>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CE465D03FE282747" author="Gray" box="[294,465,1806,1833]" firstAuthor="Gray" page="61" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref103629" refString="Gray, J. E. (1851) List of the Specimens of Fish in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Chondropterygii. British Museum (Natural History), London, 160 pp." type="book" year="1851">Gray, 1851: 61</bibRefCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69543FFA4CEBE5D03FD4F2746" box="[478,694,1806,1833]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CEBE5D03FD4F2746" author="Bleeker" box="[478,694,1806,1833]" firstAuthor="Bleeker" page="57" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref94090" refString="Bleeker, P. (1860 b) Zesde bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Japan. Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae, 8 (1), 1 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 144153" type="journal article" year="1860" yearSuffix="b">Bleeker, 1860b: 57</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; G̹nther, 1870: 392; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69543FFA4CCCD5D03FB6B2747" box="[941,1170,1806,1832]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CCCD5D03FB6B2747" author="Gilchrist" box="[941,1170,1806,1832]" firstAuthor="Gilchrist" page="164" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="97 - 179" refId="ref102454" refString="Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1902) Catalogue of fishes recorded from South Africa. Cape of Good Hope, Department of Agriculture, Marine Investigations in South Africa, 1, 97 - 179." type="journal article" year="1902">Gilchrist, 1902: 164</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CBFE5D03FA612746" author="Thompson, W. W." box="[1182,1432,1806,1833]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="132 - 167" refId="ref117072" refString="Thompson, W. W. (1914) Catalogue of the fishes of the Cape Province (Pt 1). Marine Biological Report, Cape Town, 2 (8), 132 - 167." type="journal article" year="1914">Thompson, 1914: 145</bibRefCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349543FFA4CFA65D3FFDA42723" ID-CoL="R3WD" authority=": Smith, 1849" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1849" box="[198,605,1842,1869]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lamnidae" genus="Carcharodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59543FFA4CFA65D3FFE382723" box="[198,449,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Carcharodon capensis</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CEB05D3FFDA42723" author="Smith" box="[464,605,1842,1868]" firstAuthor="Smith" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref114185" refString="Smith, A. (1849) Pisces. In: Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa. Vol. 4. Smith, Elder, and Co., London, 77 pp." type="book" year="1849">Smith, 1849</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: no page no., pl. 4 (original description 
<collectingRegion id="49FFF8559543FFA4CB785D3FFBAB2723" box="[1048,1106,1842,1868]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Cape</collectingRegion>
Seas, 
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279543FFA4CBFA5D3FFAD42722" box="[1178,1325,1842,1869]" name="South Africa" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">South Africa</collectingCountry>
); 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69543FFA4CA5F5D3FFEC0271E" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CA5F5D3FFEC0271E" author="Bleeker" firstAuthor="Bleeker" page="58" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref94090" refString="Bleeker, P. (1860 b) Zesde bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Japan. Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae, 8 (1), 1 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 144153" type="journal article" year="1860" yearSuffix="b">Bleeker, 1860b: 58</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349543FFA4CE245D5BFCCA271F" ID-CoL="5WZLF" authority=": Barnard, 1925: 33" authorityName=": Barnard" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="1925" box="[324,819,1878,1905]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lamnidae" genus="Carcharodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carcharias">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59543FFA4CE245D5BFDA1271F" box="[324,600,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Carcharodon carcharias</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CD065D5BFCCA271F" author="Barnard" box="[614,819,1878,1905]" firstAuthor="Barnard" page="33" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 418" refId="ref92438" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418." type="journal article" year="1925">Barnard, 1925: 33</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 7, pl. 1; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CCA75D5BFB70271F" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[967,1161,1878,1904]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref114538" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp." type="book" year="1949">Smith, 1949a: 49</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 1; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CBB45D5BFA61271F" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[1236,1432,1878,1905]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="86 - 93" refId="ref114723" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1951) A new galeorhinid shark from South Africa, with notes on other species. Annuals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 4 (37), 86 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935108654128" type="journal article" year="1951">Smith, 1951: 729</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 1–2; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CE565D77FDDC27FB" author="D'Aubrey" box="[310,549,1914,1940]" firstAuthor="D'Aubrey" page="16" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 95" refId="ref96632" refString="D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95." type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">D’Aubrey, 1964a: 16</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 4; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CD115D77FCDE27FB" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[625,807,1914,1941]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref115700" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp." type="book" year="1965">Smith, 1965: 49</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 1; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CC125D76FB9C27FB" author="Bass" box="[882,1125,1914,1941]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bass" page="22" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 102" refId="ref93030" refString="Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. &amp; Kistnasamy, N. (1975 c) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. IV. The families Odontaspididae, Scapanorhynchidae, Isuridae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Orectolobidae and Rhiniodontidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 39, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1975" yearSuffix="c">
Bass 
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59543FFA4CCCE5D76FC2627FB" box="[942,991,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
., 1975c: 22
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 10; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CBA75D77FF0A27D7" author="Compagno" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="238" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 250" refId="ref95434" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250." type="book chapter" year="1984" yearSuffix="a">Compagno, 1984a: 238</bibRefCitation>
, fig.; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CE565D92FE1827D7" author="Bass, A. J." box="[310,481,1950,1977]" editor="Smith, M. M. &amp; Heemstra, P. C." journalOrPublisher="Macmillan, Johannesburg" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref93212" refString="Bass, A. J. (1986) Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae. In: Smith, M. M. &amp; Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 47 - 48 + 64 - 66 + 87 - 102 + 103 + 107." title="Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae" type="book" volumeTitle="Smith's Sea Fishes" year="1986">Bass, 1986: 98</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 14.1 pl. 1; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CDFB5D93FC4527D7" author="Cliff &amp; Wilson" box="[667,956,1950,1976]" firstAuthor="Cliff" page="10" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref95251" refString="Cliff, G. &amp; Wilson, R. B. (1986) Natal Sharks Board's Field Guide to Sharks and Other Marine Animals. Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, 57 pp." type="book" year="1986">Cliff &amp; Wilson, 1986: 10</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CCAA5D93FB0727D7" author="Compagno" box="[970,1278,1950,1976]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" page="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref96138" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. &amp; Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp." type="book" year="1989">
Compagno 
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59543FFA4CB2D5D92FB7727D7" box="[1101,1166,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.,</emphasis>
1989: 44
</bibRefCitation>
, pl.; Smale &amp; Heemstra, 1997: 243, fig. 1; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69543FFA4CD775DCFFCE127B3" box="[535,792,1986,2012]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CD775DCFFCE127B3" author="Compagno" box="[535,792,1986,2012]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="118" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="75 - 120" refId="ref95720" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406" type="journal article" year="1999">Compagno, 1999: 118</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA4CC475DCFFBD127B3" author="Compagno" box="[807,1064,1986,2012]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="100" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref95767" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (2001) Sharks of the World, an Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Volume 2. Bullhead, Mackerel and Carpet Sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO, Rome, 269 pp." type="book" year="2001">Compagno, 2001: 100</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 71; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469543FFA5CBF55DCEFED220DE" author="Heemstra &amp; Heemstra" firstAuthor="Heemstra" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" page="70" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref104374" refString="Heemstra, P. C. &amp; Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp." type="book" year="2004">Heemstra &amp; Heemstra, 2004: 70</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469542FFA5CE565A9AFD9420DE" author="Compagno" box="[310,621,150,177]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" page="181" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref95897" refString="Compagno, L., Dando, M. &amp; Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp." type="book" year="2005">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69542FFA5CE565A9AFDCE20DE" box="[310,567,150,177]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Compagno 
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59542FFA5CED75A9AFE1E20DE" box="[439,487,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
., 2005
</treatmentCitation>
: 181
</bibRefCitation>
, fig., pl. 30; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469542FFA5CD995A9AFC4520DE" author="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Fowler, S. &amp; Compagno, L. J. V." box="[761,956,151,177]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref99433" refString="Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. &amp; Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp." type="book" year="2013">
Ebert 
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59542FFA5CC5C5A9AFC8A20DE" box="[828,883,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013
</bibRefCitation>
a: 227, fig., pl. 28; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469542FFA5CBEA5A9AFAC720DE" author="Mann" box="[1162,1342,151,177]" firstAuthor="Mann" page="98" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref109360" refString="Mann, B. Q. (2013) Southern African marine linefish species profiles. Oceanographic Research Institute, Special Publication, 9, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="2013">Mann, 2013: 98</bibRefCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69542FFA5CA295A9AFED520BA" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469542FFA5CA295A9AFED520BA" author="NPOA" firstAuthor="NPOA" page="49" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref110949" refString="NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp." type="book" year="2013">NPOA, 2013: 49</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469542FFA5CE585AB6FDAE20BA" author="Ebert &amp; Dando" box="[312,599,187,213]" firstAuthor="Ebert" page="47" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref99385" refString="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome &amp; Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp." type="book" year="2014">Ebert &amp; Dando, 2014: 47</bibRefCitation>
, fig.; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469542FFA5CDF95AB6FC4E20BA" author="da Silva" box="[665,951,186,213]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="da Silva" page="247" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="233 - 248" refId="ref96965" refString="da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. &amp; Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471" type="journal article" year="2015">
da Silva 
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59542FFA5CD9C5AB6FCD420BA" box="[764,813,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
., 2015: 247
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69542FFA5CCA35AB6FAF720BA" box="[963,1294,186,213]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469542FFA5CCA35AB6FAF720BA" author="Ebert &amp; van Hees" box="[963,1294,186,213]" firstAuthor="Ebert" page="145" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="141 - 156" refId="ref99877" refString="Ebert, D. A. &amp; van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the &quot; Lost Sharks &quot; of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730" type="journal article" year="2015">Ebert &amp; van Hees, 2015: 145</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469542FFA5CA7A5AB6FEB12096" author="Compagno" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="1243" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref95819" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. &amp; De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336." type="book" year="2016">Compagno, 2016: 1243</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469542FFA5CE335AD2FDB42096" author="Weigmann, S." box="[339,589,222,249]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="837 - 1037" refId="ref118762" refString="Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874" type="journal article" year="2016">Weigmann, 2016: 850</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653C9542FFA5CFF75B0FFEDB21E6" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8436B79542FFA5CFF75B0FFEDB21E6" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,645]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59542FFA5CFF75B0FFDFD2173" bold="true" box="[151,516,258,285]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279542FFA5CFF75B0FFEC92173" box="[151,304,258,284]" name="South Africa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">South Africa</collectingCountry>
voucher material
</emphasis>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729542FFA5CD745B0EFD912172" box="[532,616,259,285]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
6253 [former 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729542FFA5CC6D5B0EFCC42172" box="[781,829,259,285]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2jx-p0kp" name="Ocean Research Institute" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ORI</collectionCode>
1129], 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729542FFA5CCF55B0EFC102172" box="[917,1001,259,285]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
6641 [former 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729542FFA5CBEE5B0EFB472172" box="[1166,1214,259,285]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2jx-p0kp" name="Ocean Research Institute" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ORI</collectionCode>
214], 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729542FFA5CA685B0EFAA52172" box="[1288,1372,259,285]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
6642 [former 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729542FFA5CE445B2AFEAD212E" box="[292,340,295,321]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2jx-p0kp" name="Ocean Research Institute" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ORI</collectionCode>
229], 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729542FFA5CEFF5B2AFE0A212E" box="[415,499,295,321]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
6643 [former 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729542FFA5CDF95B2AFD30212E" box="[665,713,295,321]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2jx-p0kp" name="Ocean Research Institute" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ORI</collectionCode>
416], 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729542FFA5CC745B2AFC91212E" box="[788,872,295,321]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
6644 [former 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729542FFA5CB6E5B2AFBC7212E" box="[1038,1086,295,321]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2jx-p0kp" name="Ocean Research Institute" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ORI</collectionCode>
2041], 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729542FFA5CBF75B2AFB12212E" box="[1175,1259,295,321]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
12998, 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729542FFA5CA285B2AFA65212E" box="[1352,1436,295,321]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
27198, 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729542FFA5CE7B5B46FE96210A" box="[283,367,331,357]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
44242, 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729542FFA5CEAE5B46FDDB210A" box="[462,546,331,357]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
50000, 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729542FFA5CDE05B46FD2D210A" box="[640,724,331,357]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
51268, 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729542FFA5CC525B46FC7F210A" box="[818,902,331,357]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
75569, 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729542FFA5CC845B46FBC1210A" box="[996,1080,331,357]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
75570, 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729542FFA5CBF65B46FB13210A" box="[1174,1258,331,357]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
99331, 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729542FFA5CA285B46FA65210A" box="[1352,1436,331,357]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
201708.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653C9542FFA5CFF75B9FFBB921BE" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8436B79542FFA5CFF75B9FFBB921BE" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,645]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59542FFA5CFF75B9FFE2521C3" bold="true" box="[151,476,402,428]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">South African distribution</emphasis>
: 
<materialsCitation id="3B533CEA9542FFA5CE8F5B9EFBC521BE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3072574436" location="South African" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
Occurs along the entire 
<location id="8EE4606C9542FFA5CC6D5B9EFC5721C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A19543FFA5CFF75C73FDED22EA:8EE4606C9542FFA5CC6D5B9EFC5721C2" box="[781,942,403,429]" name="South African" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="Western Cape">South African</location>
coast, with regional, seasonal distribution centered in the southwestern 
<collectingRegion id="49FFF8559542FFA5CD6C5BBAFDB121BE" box="[524,584,439,465]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Cape</collectingRegion>
, but also known for transoceanic migrations
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653C9542FFA5CFF75BD6FDED22EA" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
<subSubSection id="C321653C9542FFA5CFF75BD6FC9F220E" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8436B79542FFA5CFF75BD6FC9F220E" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,645]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59542FFA5CFF75BD6FEFD219A" bold="true" box="[151,260,475,501]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Remarks</emphasis>
: A protected species (since 1991) in 
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279542FFA5CDCF5BD6FCC6219A" box="[687,831,475,501]" name="South Africa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">South Africa</collectingCountry>
due to historical persecution and highly valued jaws and teeth. This species is the focus of a considerable amount of research in 
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279542FFA5CB685BF2FB612276" box="[1032,1176,511,537]" name="South Africa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, and also a cage-diving tourism industry. A specimen tagged in 2003 near 
<collectingRegion id="49FFF8559542FFA5CC61582EFCC22252" box="[769,827,547,573]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town travelled to 
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279542FFA5CB70582EFB8E2252" box="[1040,1143,547,573]" name="Australia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Australia</collectingCountry>
and back in nine months. An albino specimen was once captured off Algoa Bay (EC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653C9542FFA5CFF75867FDED22EA" box="[151,532,618,645]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8B8436B79542FFA5CFF75867FDED22EA" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,645]" box="[151,532,618,645]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59542FFA5CFF75867FE7D22EA" bold="true" box="[151,388,618,645]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Conservation status</emphasis>
: VU (2019).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>