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<mods:title id="BC8A2A394A4B6C536597E5F452130FC8">The bees of Michigan (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), with notes on distribution, taxonomy, pollination, and natural history</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B84368D732AAB7843D5FD62FC10FD57" blockId="95.[151,900,690,716]" box="[151,900,690,716]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<heading id="D0CC81E1732AAB7843D5FD62FC10FD57" bold="true" box="[151,900,690,716]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB7843D5FD62FC10FD57" bold="true" box="[151,900,690,716]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E732AAB7843D5FD62FDE3FD57" ID-CoL="6YXMY" ID-ENA="1299726" authority="Robertson 1900" authorityName="Robertson" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,631,690,716]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pimpinellae">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB7843D5FD62FE3EFD57" bold="true" box="[151,426,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Sphecodes pimpinellae</emphasis>
Robertson 1900
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E732AAB7841C5FD62FCBCFD57" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1872" box="[647,808,690,716]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mandibularis">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB7841C5FD62FCBCFD57" bold="true" box="[647,808,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">mandibularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216506732AAB7843D5FD29FC97FC94" box="[151,771,761,783]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B84368D732AAB7843D5FD29FC97FC94" blockId="95.[151,1162,761,844]" box="[151,771,761,783]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<materialsCitation id="3B533CD0732AAB7843D5FD29FC97FC94" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1701561820" box="[151,771,761,783]" collectionCode="INHS" collectorName="Carlinville, C" country="United States of America" location="Illinois" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Illinois" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB7843D5FD29FF6BFC94" bold="true" box="[151,255,761,783]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<typeStatus id="5480882F732AAB7843D5FD29FF6FFC94" box="[151,251,761,783]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D3DFD04732AAB784247FD2AFE8CFC94" box="[261,280,762,783]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="female"></specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="F32C761D732AAB78425DFD29FEC0FC94" box="[287,340,761,783]" name="United States of America" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FFF86F732AAB78421CFD29FE3CFC94" box="[350,424,761,783]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Illinois</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="26CE535B732AAB7842F1FD29FDAAFC94" box="[435,574,761,783]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Carlinville, C</collectorName>
. Robertson (
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE48732AAB7841FCFD29FD68FC94" box="[702,764,761,783]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" name="Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">INHS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216506732AAB7843D5FCC9FD5EFCB5" box="[151,714,792,814]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B84368D732AAB7843D5FCC9FD5EFCB5" blockId="95.[151,1162,761,844]" box="[151,714,792,814]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB7843D5FCC9FF3CFCB5" box="[151,168,793,814]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">=</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E732AAB7843ECFCC8FD86FCB5" ID-CoL="6YY2P" authority="Mitchell, 1956" authorityName="Mitchell" authorityYear="1956" box="[174,530,792,814]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB7843ECFCC8FEE2FCB5" box="[174,374,792,814]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Sphecodes wheeleri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7C732AAB78423FFCC8FD86FCB5" author="Mitchell" box="[381,530,792,814]" firstAuthor="Mitchell" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="206 - 222" refId="ref96538" refString="Mitchell, T. B. (1956) New species of Sphecodes from the eastern United States. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 72, 206 - 222." type="journal article" year="1956">Mitchell, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(New synonymy)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8B84368D732AAB7843D5FCE6FB1EFCD7" blockId="95.[151,1162,761,844]" box="[151,1162,822,844]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<materialsCitation id="3B533CD0732AAB7843D5FCE6FB1EFCD7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1701561837" box="[151,1162,822,844]" collectingDate="1941-06-18" collectionCode="NMNH" country="United States of America" location="Marion" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB7843D5FCE6FF6BFCD7" bold="true" box="[151,255,822,844]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<typeStatus id="5480882F732AAB7843D5FCE6FF6FFCD7" box="[151,251,822,844]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D3DFD04732AAB784247FCE7FE8CFCD7" box="[261,280,823,844]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="female"></specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="F32C761D732AAB78425DFCE6FEC0FCD7" box="[287,340,822,844]" name="United States of America" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FFF86F732AAB78421CFCE6FE6DFCD7" box="[350,505,822,844]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EE46056732AAB784141FCE6FDC4FCD7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0392879B732AAB7843D5FD62FBFBFB61:8EE46056732AAB784141FCE6FDC4FCD7" box="[515,592,822,844]" country="United States of America" name="Marion" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" stateProvince="North Carolina">Marion</location>
,
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9A5732AAB784118FCE6FD4BFCD7" box="[602,735,822,844]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1941-06-18">
<date id="FF85104D732AAB784118FCE6FD4BFCD7" box="[602,735,822,844]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1941-06-18">18 Jun. 1941</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E732AAB7841A8FCE6FB8BFCD7" authority=", T. B. Mitchell" authorityName="T. B. Mitchell" box="[746,1055,822,844]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Leucanthemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB7841A8FCE6FC11FCD7" box="[746,901,822,844]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Leucanthemum</emphasis>
, T. B. Mitchell
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE48732AAB78476EFCE6FBEBFCD7" box="[1068,1151,822,844]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">NMNH</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216506732AAB784385FCA9FDC6FC09" box="[199,594,889,914]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B84368D732AAB784385FCA9FDC6FC09" blockId="95.[151,1437,889,1274]" box="[199,594,889,914]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB784385FCA9FE1DFC09" bold="true" box="[199,393,889,914]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">County records:</emphasis>
Berrien, Jackson.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216506732AAB784385FC4DFCEAFB2A" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B84368D732AAB784385FC4DFCEAFB2A" blockId="95.[151,1437,889,1274]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB784385FC4DFE85FC2D" bold="true" box="[199,273,925,950]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E732AAB78425EFC4DFDB6FC2D" authorityName="Robertson" authorityYear="1900" box="[284,546,925,950]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pimpinellae">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB78425EFC4DFDB6FC2D" box="[284,546,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Sphecodes pimpinellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a cleptoparasite of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E732AAB78405BFC4DFBECFC2D" authority="(Ordway 1964)" baseAuthorityName="Ordway" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[793,1144,925,950]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB78405BFC4DFC2CFC2D" box="[793,952,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Augochlorella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7C732AAB78408EFC4DFBE4FC2D" author="Ordway" box="[972,1136,925,950]" firstAuthor="Ordway" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="139 - 152" refId="ref97534" refString="Ordway, E. (1964) Sphecodes pimpinellae and other enemies of Augochlorella (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 37, 139 - 152." type="journal article" year="1964">Ordway 1964</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, is newly recorded from southern
<collectingRegion id="49FFF86F732AAB7843BDFC11FEFEFC41" box="[255,362,961,986]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Michigan</collectingRegion>
(Lettow
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB784293FC12FD9EFC41" box="[465,522,961,986]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
in review). The synonymy, first suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7C732AAB784756FC11FB54FC41" author="Ordway" box="[1044,1216,961,986]" firstAuthor="Ordway" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="139 - 152" refId="ref97534" refString="Ordway, E. (1964) Sphecodes pimpinellae and other enemies of Augochlorella (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 37, 139 - 152." type="journal article" year="1964">Ordway (1964)</bibRefCitation>
and endorsed in an unpublished study by Mike Arduser, is provisionally accepted here but cannot be considered well established due to incomplete understanding of observed morphological variation. The names
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E732AAB784748FBDAFB3EFBB9" authorityName="Robertson" authorityYear="1900" box="[1034,1194,1033,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pimpinellae">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB784748FBDAFB8CFBBA" box="[1034,1048,1034,1057]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB784764FBD9FB3EFBB9" box="[1062,1194,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">pimpinellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E732AAB7847A0FBDAFACBFBB9" authorityName="Mitchell" authorityYear="1956" box="[1250,1375,1033,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB7847A0FBDAFB64FBBA" box="[1250,1264,1034,1057]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB7847BDFBD9FACBFBB9" box="[1279,1375,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">wheeleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been applied to females with and without a subapical tooth on the mandible, respectively.
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E732AAB7847DBFBFDFA0FFBDD" authorityName="Robertson" authorityYear="1900" box="[1177,1435,1069,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pimpinellae">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB7847DBFBFDFA0FFBDD" box="[1177,1435,1069,1094]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Sphecodes pimpinellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been infrequently recorded across the east and Midwest, while
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E732AAB7840D0FB82FB84FBF1" authorityName="Mitchell" authorityYear="1956" box="[914,1040,1105,1130]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB7840D0FB82FC34FBF2" box="[914,928,1106,1129]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB7840EDFB81FB84FBF1" box="[943,1040,1105,1130]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">wheeleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from a few areas in
<collectingRegion id="49FFF86F732AAB7843D5FBA6FE9BFB15" box="[151,271,1141,1166]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
New
<collectingRegion id="49FFF86F732AAB784397FBA5FE9BFB15" box="[213,271,1141,1166]" country="United Kingdom" name="York" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">York</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FFF86F732AAB78425EFBA5FE37FB15" box="[284,419,1141,1166]" country="United States of America" name="Connecticut" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Connecticut</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49FFF86F732AAB78429FFBA5FD1CFB15" box="[477,648,1141,1166]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7C732AAB7841DBFBA5FCAAFB15" author="Mitchell" box="[665,830,1141,1166]" firstAuthor="Mitchell" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="206 - 222" refId="ref96538" refString="Mitchell, T. B. (1956) New species of Sphecodes from the eastern United States. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 72, 206 - 222." type="journal article" year="1956">Mitchell 1956</bibRefCitation>
). The
<collectingRegion id="49FFF86F732AAB7840CAFBA5FC60FB15" box="[904,1012,1141,1166]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Michigan</collectingRegion>
female specimen lacks the subapical tooth, so should the synonymy be rejected it would be
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E732AAB7841B9FB4AFCE3FB29" authorityName="Mitchell" authorityYear="1956" box="[763,887,1177,1202]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB7841B9FB4AFC9DFB2A" box="[763,777,1178,1201]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB784055FB49FCE3FB29" box="[791,887,1177,1202]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">wheeleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216506732AAB784385FB6DFBFBFB61" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B84368D732AAB784385FB6DFBFBFB61" blockId="95.[151,1437,889,1274]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<materialsCitation id="3B533CD0732AAB784385FB6DFBCCFB4D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1701561823" box="[199,1112,1213,1238]" collectingDate="2016-07-19" collectionCode="MSUC" county="Berrien Co." location="Material" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB784385FB6DFDCCFB4D" bold="true" box="[199,600,1213,1238]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<location id="8EE46056732AAB784385FB6DFEBBFB4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0392879B732AAB7843D5FD62FBFBFB61:8EE46056732AAB784385FB6DFEBBFB4D" box="[199,303,1213,1238]" county="Berrien Co." name="Material" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Material</location>
examined.
<collectingCounty id="62E54E01732AAB784280FB6DFDC4FB4D" box="[450,592,1213,1238]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB784280FB6DFDDCFB4D" bold="true" box="[450,584,1213,1238]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Berrien Co</emphasis>
.
</collectingCounty>
:
</emphasis>
SWMREC,
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9A5732AAB7841B0FB6EFC12FB4D" box="[754,902,1213,1238]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2016-07-19">
<date id="FF85104D732AAB7841B0FB6EFC12FB4D" box="[754,902,1213,1238]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2016-07-19">19 Jul. 2016</date>
</collectingDate>
(
<specimenCount id="9D3DFD04732AAB7840DCFB6EFC58FB4E" box="[926,972,1214,1238]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE48732AAB78409AFB6EFBBAFB4D" box="[984,1070,1214,1238]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">MSUC</collectionCode>
:RI)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B533CD0732AAB78472BFB6DFBFFFB61" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1701561821" collectingDate="2012-06-04" collectionCode="MSUC, JBWM" collectorName="MacCready Res., N &amp; M. C. Lettow" county="Jackson Co." location="Clark Lake" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB78472BFB6DFA91FB4D" bold="true" box="[1129,1285,1213,1238]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<collectingCounty id="62E54E01732AAB78472BFB6DFB69FB4D" box="[1129,1277,1213,1238]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F732AAB78472BFB6DFB61FB4D" bold="true" box="[1129,1269,1213,1238]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Jackson Co</emphasis>
.
</collectingCounty>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="8EE46056732AAB784650FB6DFA0CFB4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0392879B732AAB7843D5FD62FBFBFB61:8EE46056732AAB784650FB6DFA0CFB4D" box="[1298,1432,1213,1238]" county="Jackson Co." name="Clark Lake" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Clark Lake</location>
,
<collectorName id="26CE535B732AAB7843D5FB31FEE0FB61" box="[151,372,1249,1274]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">MacCready Res., N</collectorName>
42°7ʹ W84°24ʹ,
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9A5732AAB78416AFB32FD39FB61" box="[552,685,1250,1274]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2012-06-04">
<date id="FF85104D732AAB78416AFB32FD39FB61" box="[552,685,1250,1274]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2012-06-04">4 Jun. 2012</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="26CE535B732AAB7841FAFB32FCD3FB62" box="[696,839,1250,1274]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">M.C. Lettow</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="9D3DFD04732AAB784018FB32FC16FB62" box="[858,898,1250,1274]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE48732AAB7840CBFB32FC4CFB61" box="[905,984,1250,1274]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">MSUC</collectionCode>
[at
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE48732AAB784746FB32FBC8FB61" box="[1028,1116,1250,1274]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fpf6-6c5x" name="J.B. Wallis Museum of Entomology" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">JBWM</collectionCode>
])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>