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<document id="66F54B2170D3E675F7C43B9E712CA43B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5297.4.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8009123" ID-ZooBank="6E7C1770-D107-4FF7-A2DC-F2A693E581F1" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1686032543022" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Marin, Ivan, Palatov, Dmitry &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu, Denis" docDate="2023" docId="03927E02FFC4A408FF55FA488D32FD40" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5297.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5297 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5297.4.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Litorogammarus Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu 2023, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="491" masterDocId="FFAB067AFFC0A400FFC2FF9D895FFFE9" masterDocTitle="The remarkable Ponto-Caspian amphipod diversity of the lower Durso River (SW Caucasus) with the description of Litorogammarus dursi gen. et sp. nov." masterLastPageNumber="517" masterPageNumber="483" pageNumber="487" updateTime="1686140436556" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="9D7B2AE7A5E6307EE1E2CEA4E397D2D3">The remarkable Ponto-Caspian amphipod diversity of the lower Durso River (SW Caucasus) with the description of Litorogammarus dursi gen. et sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="638C1CA81A5C20A76FD50950E8C9B4B0">Marin, Ivan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F7557280071B6F3EF8D9491AA0349158" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0552-8456</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="2B75BEF4FC2F720D19A144E6B648B96E">A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, 119071, Moscow, Russia &amp; coralliodecapoda @ mail. ru; vanomarin @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0552 - 8456</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E15D919D8CD6F1A6EE5D4EB526F02D9F" type="email">coralliodecapoda@mail.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5E4540EE7D372802C12B0A2BF9AC8CE7">Palatov, Dmitry</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1009D8ED6FA02ED0BD90830EA3D303A6" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8826-9316</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="1FC342B6171AAB4A2BE010303E34B535">A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, 119071, Moscow, Russia &amp; triops @ yandex. ru; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8826 - 9316</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="83994E115534FEC8FCD838195997E410" type="email">triops@yandex.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0E075052317E9FC0A03C7D34A966AEDF">Copilaș-Ciocianu, Denis</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="05E3E28541F41DEF02ADAA48762A7543" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6374-2365</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="EFEB7316BF72DFA79EFCC67B8FA13110">Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Hydrobionts, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania &amp; denis. copilas-ciocianu @ gamtc. lt; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6374 - 2365</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0949A1AD426F9D542A602D915EB5492A" type="email">denis.copilas-ciocianu@gamtc.lt</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="3EE2B6716153FF12EA90A3AE65CD9B21">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D200952DA88EE9860B5A8949951059FE">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9114208E4E74D3E37BC5999F925EF9F5">2023-06-06</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03927E02FFC4A408FF55FA488D32FD40" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03927E02FFC4A408FF55FA488D32FD40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03927E02FFC4A408FF55FA488D32FD40" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="491" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">
<subSubSection id="C3219C9FFFC4A404FF55FA488887FA06" box="[151,472,1493,1519]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B84CF14FFC4A404FF55FA488887FA06" blockId="4.[151,472,1493,1519]" box="[151,472,1493,1519]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">
<heading id="D0CC7878FFC4A404FF55FA488887FA06" bold="true" box="[151,472,1493,1519]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FF55FA488887FA06" bold="true" box="[151,472,1493,1519]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC4A404FF55FA48883CFA06" authority="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu, 2023" authorityName="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,355,1493,1519]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Litorogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FF55FA48883CFA06" bold="true" box="[151,355,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Litorogammarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27CAE7DFFC4A404FEA8FA488887FA06" box="[362,472,1493,1519]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3219C9FFFC4A404FF55F98B8CC3F9D9" box="[151,1436,1558,1585]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8B84CF14FFC4A404FF55F98B8CC3F9D9" blockId="4.[151,1437,1558,2043]" box="[151,1436,1558,1585]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FF55F98B883FF9D9" bold="true" box="[151,352,1558,1584]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Included species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC4A404FEA6F98A8A9CF9D9" authority="(Marin &amp; Palatov, 2021)" authorityName="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Marin &amp; Palatov" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[356,963,1558,1584]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Litorogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazestiensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FEA6F98A8BEEF9D9" box="[356,689,1559,1584]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Litorogammarus mazestiensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB2E5FFC4A404FD7FF98B8AE4F9D9" author="Marin, I. &amp; Palatov, D." box="[701,955,1558,1584]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" pagination="309 - 320" refId="ref14192" refString="Marin, I. &amp; Palatov, D. (2021) New and non-alien: Echinogammarus mazestiensis sp. n. from the southwestern Caucasus (Amphipoda: Gammaridae). Zoology in the Middle East, 67 (4), 309 - 320. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2021.1949139" type="journal article" year="2021">Marin &amp; Palatov, 2021</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FC0AF98B8D19F9D9" bold="true" box="[968,1094,1558,1584]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27CAE7DFFC4A404FC0AF98B8D19F9D9" box="[968,1094,1558,1584]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(the
<typeStatus id="548071B6FFC4A404FBBEF98A8DF3F9D8" box="[1148,1196,1559,1585]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus),
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3219C9FFFC4A404FF55F9A78A20F99E" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8B84CF14FFC4A404FF55F9A78A20F99E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1558,2043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC4A404FF55F9A78BE1F9BD" authority="(Grintsov, 2009)" authorityName="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Grintsov" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[151,702,1593,1620]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Litorogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karadagiensis" status="comb nov.">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FF55F9A788A6F9BA" box="[151,505,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Litorogammarus karadagiensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB2E5FFC4A404FDC8F9A48BE9F9BD" author="Grintsov, V. A." box="[522,694,1593,1620]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" pagination="2" refId="ref13597" refString="Grintsov, V. A. (2009) A new amphipod species Echinogammarus karadagiensis sp. n. (Amphipoda, Gammaridae) from Crimean Coasts (Black Sea). Vestnik Zoologii, 43 (2), e 23 - e 26. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / v 10058 - 009 - 0007 - 9" type="journal article" year="2009">Grintsov, 2009</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FD05F9A78A1DF9BD" bold="true" box="[711,834,1594,1620]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27CAE7DFFC4A404FD05F9A78A1DF9BD" box="[711,834,1594,1620]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" rank="species">comb nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC4A404FC91F9A78D0EF9BA" authority="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu, 2023" authorityName="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu" authorityYear="2023" box="[851,1105,1593,1619]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Litorogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dursi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FC91F9A78D0EF9BA" box="[851,1105,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Litorogammarus dursi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FB98F9A78DE9F9BD" bold="true" box="[1114,1206,1594,1620]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27CAE7DFFC4A404FB98F9A78DE9F9BD" box="[1114,1206,1594,1620]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and an undescribed species from the Caspian Sea (
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FE32F9C38A37F99E" box="[496,872,1630,1657]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">D. CopilaȘ-Ciocianu, pers. comm</emphasis>
.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3219C9FFFC4A404FF05F91D8AFCF954" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B84CF14FFC4A404FF05F91D8AFCF954" blockId="4.[151,1437,1558,2043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FF05F91D8811F973" bold="true" box="[199,334,1664,1690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Etymology.</emphasis>
The genus name comes from the habitat of the known species in the upper littoral of the pebble beaches of the northern part of the Black Sea.
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FD5FF9398BBFF954" box="[669,736,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Litore</emphasis>
- (Latin)—beach.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3219C9FFFC4A405FF05F95B8C2AFED7" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="488" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B84CF14FFC4A405FF05F95B8C2AFED7" blockId="4.[151,1437,1558,2043]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,746]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="488" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FF05F95B881DF909" bold="true" box="[199,322,1734,1760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FE8EF95B88D9F909" box="[332,390,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Body</emphasis>
slender, generally smooth, non-carinate.
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FCABF95B8AF5F909" box="[873,938,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Pleon</emphasis>
with dorsal surface of urosomal segments armed with numerous stout spine-like setae arranged in rows.
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FC91F9748ACFF8EA" box="[851,912,1769,1795]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Head</emphasis>
with distally rounded or oblique anteroventral lobe, lacking an acute projection.
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FDD1F8908BDEF8CE" box="[531,641,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Antenna I</emphasis>
with 6-segmented accessory flagellum.
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FB84F8908DE1F8CE" box="[1094,1214,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Antenna II</emphasis>
subequal or shorter than AI, densely covered with long distally curled setae in males, and non-setose in females, without calceoli in both males and females.
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FE6FF8C98B46F884" box="[429,537,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Upper lip</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FDEBF8CE8B25F884" box="[553,634,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">labrum</emphasis>
) with concave or convex distal part.
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FBD8F8CE8DF7F884" box="[1050,1192,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Gnathopod I</emphasis>
with teardrop-shaped propodus (palm), with oblique palmar margin in males and mostly rectangular with straight palmar margin in females.
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FF39F80488CEF85A" box="[251,401,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Gnathopod II</emphasis>
also sexually dimorphic, significantly larger in males, deeply trapezoidal with oblique palmar margin in males and rectangular elongated with straight palmar margin in females.
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FBF6F8208DA9F83E" box="[1076,1270,1981,2007]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Pereopods III–IV</emphasis>
bearing sparse and short setae along the posterior margin of carpal and meral articles.
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC4A404FC72F87D8D2FF813" box="[944,1136,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Pereopods V–VII</emphasis>
sparsely setose, with basis (article 2) bearing a row of short strong spines along dorsal margins, PV basis with moderately developed ventral lobe, PVI–PVII without a ventral lobe.
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC5A405FDA5FF278B90FF3D" box="[615,719,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Pleopods</emphasis>
with 2 elongated hooks and 1–2 thick bristles in retinacules.
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC5A405FF55FF408816FF1E" box="[151,329,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Epimeral plates</emphasis>
armed with spines along distal edge, lacking long setae.
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC5A405FC7DFF408D68FF1E" box="[959,1079,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Uropod III</emphasis>
dimorphic in male and females, with outer ramus broad, about 3 and 4 times as long as wide in females and males, respectively, with reduced distal article furnished with numerous long simple distal setae. Inner ramus is 4–5 times shorter than the outer ramus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3219C9FFFC5A405FF05FEDB8BFBFD97" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B84CF14FFC5A405FF05FEDB88DFFDDC" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,746]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC5A405FF05FEDB8B58FE89" bold="true" box="[199,519,326,352]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Molecular-genetic analysis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC5A405FDC8FEDA8B9AFE89" authority="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu, 2023" authorityName="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu" authorityYear="2023" box="[522,709,327,352]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Litorogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.nov.">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC5A405FDC8FEDA8B9AFE89" box="[522,709,327,352]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Litorogammarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC5A405FD0AFEDA8A72FE88" bold="true" box="[712,813,327,353]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27CAE7DFFC5A405FD0AFEDA8A72FE88" box="[712,813,327,353]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" rank="genus">gen.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is deeply nested within the Ponto-Caspian gammaroidean (
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC5A405FF5DFEF7886CFE6D" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1814" box="[159,307,362,388]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gammaridae</taxonomicName>
) radiation, forming a well-supported separate clade that is apparently sister to a large clade containing mainly fossorial pontogammarids (
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC5A405FDDBFE108BB6FE4E" authorityName="Bousfield" authorityYear="1977" box="[537,745,397,423]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pontogammaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pontogammaridae</taxonomicName>
) (see
<figureCitation id="1300D391FFC5A405FCEAFE108A35FE4E" box="[808,874,397,423]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,846,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-277@5.[151,1436,841,1800]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree based on COI. Number above nodes represent ultrafast bootstrap (UFBS) and Shimodaira-Hasegawa approximate likelihood ratio test (SHaLRT) values. Number below nodes represent posterior probabilities (PP). Strongly supported nodes in all analyses are shown with green circles. Species from Durso River are indicated with red arrows. Taxonomically relevant taxa are shown with various colors. Species belonging to Chaetogammarus are shown with dotted branches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8009133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8009133/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). The phylogenetic distinctiveness and monophyly of the genus is also supported in a recently published multi-locus phylogenetic analysis (Copilaș-Ciocianu
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC5A405FA99FE2C8CC9FE23" box="[1371,1430,432,458]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al.</emphasis>
, 2023). Each of the four species within the genus are molecularly well separated from each other. The undescribed species from the Caspian Sea is represented by a few damaged specimens and will be described in detail once more material is collected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CF14FFC5A405FF05FDA28BFBFD97" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,746]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC5A405FF05FDA2889EFDB3" bold="true" box="[199,449,575,602]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
The new genus is mostly phylogenetically related (see
<figureCitation id="1300D391FFC5A405FB92FDA28DCAFDB3" box="[1104,1173,575,602]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,846,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-277@5.[151,1436,841,1800]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree based on COI. Number above nodes represent ultrafast bootstrap (UFBS) and Shimodaira-Hasegawa approximate likelihood ratio test (SHaLRT) values. Number below nodes represent posterior probabilities (PP). Strongly supported nodes in all analyses are shown with green circles. Species from Durso River are indicated with red arrows. Taxonomically relevant taxa are shown with various colors. Species belonging to Chaetogammarus are shown with dotted branches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8009133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8009133/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) to the Ponto-Caspian
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC5A405FF55FDFE8B47FD97" authority="Martynov, 1924" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,536,611,638]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Chaetogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC5A405FF55FDFE8801FD94" box="[151,350,611,637]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Chaetogammarus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB2E5FFC5A405FEA7FDF98B47FD97" author="Martynov, A." box="[357,536,612,638]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" pagination="210 - 216" refId="ref14379" refString="Martynov, A. (1924) On some interesting Malacostraca from fresh-waters of European Russia. Russische Hydrobiologische Zeitschrift, 3, 210 - 216. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1924">Martynov, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<figureCitation id="1300D391FFC5A405FD91FDFE8BC9FD97" box="[595,662,611,638]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,846,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-277@5.[151,1436,841,1800]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree based on COI. Number above nodes represent ultrafast bootstrap (UFBS) and Shimodaira-Hasegawa approximate likelihood ratio test (SHaLRT) values. Number below nodes represent posterior probabilities (PP). Strongly supported nodes in all analyses are shown with green circles. Species from Durso River are indicated with red arrows. Taxonomically relevant taxa are shown with various colors. Species belonging to Chaetogammarus are shown with dotted branches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8009133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8009133/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3219C9FFFC5A408FF05FD158BFBFEF4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="491" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B84CF14FFC5A408FF05FD158BFBFEF4" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,746]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,681]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="491" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC5A405FF05FD1588DDFD48" authority="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu, 2023" authorityName="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,386,648,673]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Litorogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC5A405FF05FD1588DDFD48" box="[199,386,648,673]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Litorogammarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC5A405FE49FD1588AAFD4B" bold="true" box="[395,501,648,674]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27CAE7DFFC5A405FE49FD1588AAFD4B" box="[395,501,648,674]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC5A405FCE9FD1A8AAEFD48" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1899" box="[811,1009,647,673]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Echinogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC5A405FCE9FD1A8AAEFD48" box="[811,1009,647,673]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Echinogammarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like gammarid amphipods (including
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC5A405FF55FD368801FD2C" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,350,683,709]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Chaetogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC5A405FF55FD368801FD2C" box="[151,350,683,709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Chaetogammarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) by the following combination of traits: smooth body lacking dorsal dense setation or armature (spines and carinae), distally rounded anterolateral lobe of the head; AII subequal to AI and densely armed with curled setae in males; the absence of calceoli; well-marked sexual dimorphism in AII and both gnathopods; relatively well-developed ventral lobes on basis of PV and their absence on PVI–VII; poorly setose PIII–VII; distal margin of epimeral plates armed with spines only; telson lobes longer than broad and gradually tapering towards the distal end. A detailed comparison is given in
<tableCitation id="C6B9FAAFFFC8A408FD88FE9E8BFFFEF4" box="[586,672,259,285]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,243,629,655]" captionTargetBox="[162,2005,720,1521]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological comparison between Litorogammarus gen. nov. and related genera. The terms “short” and “long” are defined as shorter or longer than the underlying segment, respectively." pageId="8" pageNumber="491">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF449F9CFFC5A405FF55F8BD882DF821" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8009133" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8009133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8009133/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" startId="5.[151,250,1824,1848]" targetBox="[156,1431,846,1795]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B84CF14FFC5A405FF55F8BD882DF821" blockId="5.[151,1436,1824,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC5A405FF55F8BD884CF8D1" bold="true" box="[151,275,1824,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree based on COI. Number above nodes represent ultrafast bootstrap (UFBS) and Shimodaira-Hasegawa approximate likelihood ratio test (SHaLRT) values. Number below nodes represent posterior probabilities (PP). Strongly supported nodes in all analyses are shown with green circles. Species from Durso River are indicated with red arrows. Taxonomically relevant taxa are shown with various colors. Species belonging to
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC5A405FBB9F8118C70F84D" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[1147,1327,1932,1956]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Chaetogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC5A405FBB9F8118C70F84D" box="[1147,1327,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Chaetogammarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are shown with dotted branches.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF449F9CFFC6A406FF55FDE888DBFD5A" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" startId="6.[151,243,629,655]" targetBox="[162,2005,720,1521]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8B84CF14FFC6A406FF55FDE888DBFD5A" blockId="6.[151,2037,629,691]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC6A406FF55FDE88851FD66" bold="true" box="[151,270,629,655]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Morphological comparison between
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC6A406FD5FFDE88A10FD66" authority="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu, 2023" authorityName="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu" authorityYear="2023" box="[669,847,629,655]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Litorogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC6A406FD5FFDE88A10FD66" box="[669,847,629,655]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Litorogammarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC6A406FC94FDE88AE4FD66" bold="true" box="[854,955,629,655]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27CAE7DFFC6A406FC94FDE88AE4FD66" box="[854,955,629,655]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and related genera. The terms “short” and “long” are defined as shorter or longer than the underlying segment, respectively.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B84CF14FFC6A406FF1BFC9E8E8CFA70" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<table id="F93B3DB4FFC65BFFFF60FD4D8E8AFA18" box="[162,2005,720,1521]" colsContinueIn="7.[151,2014,677,1560]" gridcols="11" gridrows="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<tr id="350BCD56FFC65BFFFF60FD4D8E8AFC7D" box="[162,2005,720,916]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<th id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFF60FD4D8852FC7D" box="[162,269,720,916]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC6A406FF1BFC9E89B3FC88" bold="true" box="[217,236,771,865]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFEFFFD4D888EFC7D" box="[317,465,720,916]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC6A406FE48FD4F88DFFCAD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC6A406FE48FD4F88C2FC8F" authority="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu, 2023" authorityName="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu" authorityYear="2023" box="[394,413,722,870]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Litorogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen . nov.">Litorogammarus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27CAE7DFFC6A406FE48FCF188DFFCAD" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFE2CFD4D8B30FC7D" box="[494,623,720,916]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC6A406FDE1FD7E8B69FC96" bold="true" box="[547,566,739,895]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Chaetogammarus</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFD5AFD4D8A59FC7D" box="[664,774,720,916]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC6A406FD01FD768B89FC91" bold="true" box="[707,726,747,888]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Spirogammarus</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFCECFD4D8AE0FC7D" box="[814,959,720,916]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC6A406FCA8FD448A22FC9C" authorityName="Sket &amp; Hou" authorityYear="2018" box="[874,893,729,885]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Dinarogammarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC6A406FCA8FD448A22FC9C" bold="true" box="[874,893,729,885]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Dinarogammarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFC21FD4D8D01FC7D" box="[995,1118,720,916]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC6A406FBD7FD7E8D77FC68" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1899" box="[1045,1064,739,897]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Echinogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC6A406FBD7FD7E8D77FC68" bold="true" box="[1045,1064,739,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Echinogammarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFBBDFD4D8C74FC7D" box="[1151,1323,720,916]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC6A406FB1AFD7D8D91FC7A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC6A406FB1AFD7D8DB4FC6D" authorityName="Reid" authorityYear="1940" box="[1240,1259,736,900]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Pectenogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pectenogammarus</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC6A406FB79FD7F8D91FC65" authorityName="sensu Hou &amp; Sket" authorityYear="2018" box="[1211,1230,738,908]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Homoeogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Homoeogammarus</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFA89FD4D8C99FC7D" box="[1355,1478,720,916]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC6A406FABFFD768CCFFC91" authorityName="Sket &amp; Hou" authorityYear="2018" box="[1405,1424,747,888]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Iberogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC6A406FABFFD768CCFFC91" bold="true" box="[1405,1424,747,888]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Iberogammarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFA25FD4D8F02FC7D" box="[1511,1629,720,916]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC6A406F9D4FD7C8F76FC68" authorityName="Schellenberg" authorityYear="1937" box="[1558,1577,737,897]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Marinogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC6A406F9D4FD7C8F76FC68" bold="true" box="[1558,1577,737,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Marinogammarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFF9BCFD4D8E71FC7D" box="[1662,1838,720,916]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC6A406F908FD4D8F82FC7D" box="[1738,1757,720,916]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Parhomoeogammarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC6A406F908FD4D8F82FC7D" bold="true" box="[1738,1757,720,916]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Parhomoeogammarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFF8A3FD4D8E8AFC7D" box="[1889,2005,720,916]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC6A406F84DFD798EFDFC96" bold="true" box="[1935,1954,740,895]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Relictogammarus</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350BCD56FFC65BFFFF60FC248E8AFC02" box="[162,2005,953,1003]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<th id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFF60FC248852FC02" box="[162,269,953,1003]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">AI setation</th>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFEFFFC24888EFC02" box="[317,465,953,1003]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Sparse, short/ long</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFE2CFC248B30FC02" box="[494,623,953,1003]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Sparse, short</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFD5AFC248A59FC02" box="[664,774,953,1003]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Sparse, short</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFCECFC248AE0FC02" box="[814,959,953,1003]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Sparse, short</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFC21FC248D01FC02" box="[995,1118,953,1003]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Sparse, short</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFBBDFC248C74FC02" box="[1151,1323,953,1003]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Sparse, short/long</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFA89FC248C99FC02" box="[1355,1478,953,1003]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Sparse, short</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFA25FC248F02FC02" box="[1511,1629,953,1003]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Sparse/dense, short/long</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFF9BCFC248E71FC02" box="[1662,1838,953,1003]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Sparse, short</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFF8A3FC248E8AFC02" box="[1889,2005,953,1003]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Sparse, short</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350BCD56FFC65BFFFF60FC618E8AFBC7" box="[162,2005,1020,1070]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<th id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFF60FC618852FBC7" box="[162,269,1020,1070]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">AI acc. flag. articles</th>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFEFFFC61888EFBC7" box="[317,465,1020,1070]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">4–8</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFE2CFC618B30FBC7" box="[494,623,1020,1070]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">2–8</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFD5AFC618A59FBC7" box="[664,774,1020,1070]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Up to 9</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFCECFC618AE0FBC7" box="[814,959,1020,1070]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Up to 6</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFC21FC618D01FBC7" box="[995,1118,1020,1070]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">5–6</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFBBDFC618C74FBC7" box="[1151,1323,1020,1070]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">4</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFA89FC618C99FBC7" box="[1355,1478,1020,1070]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">4</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFA25FC618F02FBC7" box="[1511,1629,1020,1070]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">5–9</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFF9BCFC618E71FBC7" box="[1662,1838,1020,1070]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">5</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFF8A3FC618E8AFBC7" box="[1889,2005,1020,1070]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350BCD56FFC65BFFFF60FBA28E8AFB45" box="[162,2005,1087,1196]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<th id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFF60FBA28852FB45" box="[162,269,1087,1196]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">AII setation</th>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFEFFFBA2888EFB45" box="[317,465,1087,1196]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Dense, long, curled</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFE2CFBA28B30FB45" box="[494,623,1087,1196]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Dense, long, straight/curled/ coiled</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFD5AFBA28A59FB45" box="[664,774,1087,1196]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Dense, long, coiled</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFCECFBA28AE0FB45" box="[814,959,1087,1196]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Dense/sparse, long straight</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFC21FBA28D01FB45" box="[995,1118,1087,1196]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Sparse/ dense, short/ moderately long, straight</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFBBDFBA28C74FB45" box="[1151,1323,1087,1196]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Dense/sparse, long, straight</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFA89FBA28C99FB45" box="[1355,1478,1087,1196]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Dense, long, straight/curled</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFA25FBA28F02FB45" box="[1511,1629,1087,1196]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Dense, short/ long, straight</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFF9BCFBA28E71FB45" box="[1662,1838,1087,1196]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Sparse/dense, short</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFF8A3FBA28E8AFB45" box="[1889,2005,1087,1196]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Sparse, short, straight</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350BCD56FFC65BFFFF60FB218E8AFB07" box="[162,2005,1212,1262]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<th id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFF60FB218852FB07" box="[162,269,1212,1262]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Calceoli</th>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFEFFFB21888EFB07" box="[317,465,1212,1262]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Absent</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFE2CFB218B30FB07" box="[494,623,1212,1262]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Absent</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFD5AFB218A59FB07" box="[664,774,1212,1262]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Absent</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFCECFB218AE0FB07" box="[814,959,1212,1262]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Absent</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFC21FB218D01FB07" box="[995,1118,1212,1262]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Absent</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFBBDFB218C74FB07" box="[1151,1323,1212,1262]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Absent/present</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFA89FB218C99FB07" box="[1355,1478,1212,1262]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Absent?</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFA25FB218F02FB07" box="[1511,1629,1212,1262]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Absent/ present</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFF9BCFB218E71FB07" box="[1662,1838,1212,1262]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Absent/present</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFF8A3FB218E8AFB07" box="[1889,2005,1212,1262]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350BCD56FFC65BFFFF60FB628E8AFAD8" box="[162,2005,1279,1329]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<th id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFF60FB628852FAD8" box="[162,269,1279,1329]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Head lobes</th>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFEFFFB62888EFAD8" box="[317,465,1279,1329]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Straight, rounded</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFE2CFB628B30FAD8" box="[494,623,1279,1329]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Acute/straight</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFD5AFB628A59FAD8" box="[664,774,1279,1329]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Straight</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFCECFB628AE0FAD8" box="[814,959,1279,1329]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Straight</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFC21FB628D01FAD8" box="[995,1118,1279,1329]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Straight, rounded</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFBBDFB628C74FAD8" box="[1151,1323,1279,1329]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Rounded, straight, acute</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFA89FB628C99FAD8" box="[1355,1478,1279,1329]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Straight</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFA25FB628F02FAD8" box="[1511,1629,1279,1329]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Rounded/ straight</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFF9BCFB628E71FAD8" box="[1662,1838,1279,1329]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Straight/rounded</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFF8A3FB628E8AFAD8" box="[1889,2005,1279,1329]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Rounded</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350BCD56FFC65BFFFF60FADF8E8AFA9D" box="[162,2005,1346,1396]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<th id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFF60FADF8852FA9D" box="[162,269,1346,1396]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">GI vs. GII propodus</th>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFEFFFADF888EFA9D" box="[317,465,1346,1396]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Shorter</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFE2CFADF8B30FA9D" box="[494,623,1346,1396]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Shorter</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFD5AFADF8A59FA9D" box="[664,774,1346,1396]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Subequal</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFCECFADF8AE0FA9D" box="[814,959,1346,1396]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Shorter</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFC21FADF8D01FA9D" box="[995,1118,1346,1396]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Shorter</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFBBDFADF8C74FA9D" box="[1151,1323,1346,1396]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Shorter</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFA89FADF8C99FA9D" box="[1355,1478,1346,1396]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Longer</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFA25FADF8F02FA9D" box="[1511,1629,1346,1396]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Longer</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFF9BCFADF8E71FA9D" box="[1662,1838,1346,1396]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Shorter/subequal</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFF8A3FADF8E8AFA9D" box="[1889,2005,1346,1396]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Longer</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350BCD56FFC65BFFFF60FA198E8AFA18" box="[162,2005,1412,1521]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<th id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFF60FA198852FA18" box="[162,269,1412,1521]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">PIII setation</th>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFEFFFA19888EFA18" box="[317,465,1412,1521]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Sparse, short</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFE2CFA198B30FA18" box="[494,623,1412,1521]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Dense/sparse/ short/long, straight/curly/ coiled</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFD5AFA198A59FA18" box="[664,774,1412,1521]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Dense, long, coiled</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFCECFA198AE0FA18" box="[814,959,1412,1521]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Dense, moderately long, straight</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFC21FA198D01FA18" box="[995,1118,1412,1521]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Dense, long, straight/curled</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFBBDFA198C74FA18" box="[1151,1323,1412,1521]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Dense/sparse short/ long, straight/curled</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFA89FA198C99FA18" box="[1355,1478,1412,1521]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Moderately dense, long, straight</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFFA25FA198F02FA18" box="[1511,1629,1412,1521]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Absent/ sparse/dense, short/long, straight</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFF9BCFA198E71FA18" box="[1662,1838,1412,1521]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Dense, long, straight</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC65BFFF8A3FA198E8AFA18" box="[1889,2005,1412,1521]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Absent/weak</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CF14FFC6A406F92DF99E8EB6F9F1" blockId="6.[1775,2025,1539,1560]" box="[1775,2025,1539,1560]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
<tableNote id="76DDCE9AFFC6A406F92DF99E8EB6F9F1" box="[1775,2025,1539,1560]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" targetBox="[162,2005,720,1521]" targetPageId="6">...Continued on the next page</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CF14FFC7A407FF55FDEB8851FD79" blockId="7.[151,270,630,656]" box="[151,270,630,656]" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<tableNote id="76DDCE9AFFC7A407FF55FDEB8851FD79" box="[151,270,630,656]" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" targetBox="[151,2014,677,1560]" targetPageId="7">TABLE 2.</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84CF14FFC7A407FF0FFD458E81FA4A" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<table id="F93B3DB4FFC75BFFFF55FD388E81F9F1" box="[151,2014,677,1560]" colsContinueFrom="6.[162,2005,720,1521]" gridcols="11" gridrows="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<tr id="350BCD56FFC75BFFFF55FD388E81FC80" box="[151,2014,677,873]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<th id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFF55FD388844FC80" box="[151,283,677,873]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC7A407FF0FFD4589BFFCDF" bold="true" box="[205,224,728,822]" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFEFDFD3888E7FC80" box="[319,440,677,873]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC7A407FEBDFD3A882AFCF3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC7A407FEBDFD3A88CDFCD2" authority="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu, 2023" authorityName="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu" authorityYear="2023" box="[383,402,679,827]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Litorogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen . nov .">Litorogammarus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27CAE7DFFC7A407FEBDFCDC882AFCF3" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFE20FD388B3AFC80" box="[482,613,677,873]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC7A407FDDAFD258B74FCBD" bold="true" box="[536,555,696,852]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Chaetogammarus</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFD42FD388A59FC80" box="[640,774,677,873]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC7A407FD7AFD5D8B94FCA4" bold="true" box="[696,715,704,845]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Spirogammarus</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFCDFFD388AE7FC80" box="[797,952,677,873]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC7A407FC9DFD338A2DFCA3" authorityName="Sket &amp; Hou" authorityYear="2018" box="[863,882,686,842]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Dinarogammarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC7A407FC9DFD338A2DFCA3" bold="true" box="[863,882,686,842]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Dinarogammarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFC10FD388D06FC80" box="[978,1113,677,873]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC7A407FBCBFD258D43FCBF" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1899" box="[1033,1052,696,854]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Echinogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC7A407FBCBFD258D43FCBF" bold="true" box="[1033,1052,696,854]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Echinogammarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFBB0FD388C7EFC80" box="[1138,1313,677,873]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC7A407FB0FFD288D9DFC81" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC7A407FB0FFD288DBFFCB0" authorityName="Reid" authorityYear="1940" box="[1229,1248,693,857]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Pectenogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pectenogammarus</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC7A407FB6DFD2A8D9DFC88" authorityName="sensu Hou &amp; Sket" authorityYear="2018" box="[1199,1218,695,865]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Homoeogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Homoeogammarus</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFA8BFD388CEEFC80" box="[1353,1457,677,873]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC7A407FAB3FD5D8CDBFCA4" authorityName="Sket &amp; Hou" authorityYear="2018" box="[1393,1412,704,845]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Iberogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC7A407FAB3FD5D8CDBFCA4" bold="true" box="[1393,1412,704,845]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Iberogammarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFA18FD388F0CFC80" box="[1498,1619,677,873]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC7A407F9C9FD2A8F41FCBE" authorityName="Schellenberg" authorityYear="1937" box="[1547,1566,695,855]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Marinogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC7A407F9C9FD2A8F41FCBE" bold="true" box="[1547,1566,695,855]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Marinogammarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFF9A9FD388E75FC80" box="[1643,1834,677,873]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC7A407F97DFD388F8DFC80" box="[1727,1746,677,873]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Parhomoeogammarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC7A407F97DFD388F8DFC80" bold="true" box="[1727,1746,677,873]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Parhomoeogammarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFF880FD388E81FC80" box="[1858,2014,677,873]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC7A407F846FD248EC8FCBD" bold="true" box="[1924,1943,697,852]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Relictogammarus</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350BCD56FFC75BFFFF55FC1A8E81FC53" box="[151,2014,903,954]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<th id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFF55FC1A8844FC53" box="[151,283,903,954]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">PV–VII setation</th>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFEFDFC1A88E7FC53" box="[319,440,903,954]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Sparse</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFE20FC1A8B3AFC53" box="[482,613,903,954]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Sparse</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFD42FC1A8A59FC53" box="[640,774,903,954]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Sparse</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFCDFFC1A8AE7FC53" box="[797,952,903,954]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Well-developed</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFC10FC1A8D06FC53" box="[978,1113,903,954]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Well-developed</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFBB0FC1A8C7EFC53" box="[1138,1313,903,954]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Sparse /well- developed</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFA8BFC1A8CEEFC53" box="[1353,1457,903,954]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Sparse to moderate</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFA18FC1A8F0CFC53" box="[1498,1619,903,954]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Absent/ Sparse</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFF9A9FC1A8E75FC53" box="[1643,1834,903,954]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Moderately developed</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFF880FC1A8E81FC53" box="[1858,2014,903,954]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Absent/ Sparse</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350BCD56FFC75BFFFF55FC578E81FBF3" box="[151,2014,970,1050]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<th id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFF55FC578844FBF3" box="[151,283,970,1050]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Pleosomites</th>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFEFDFC5788E7FBF3" box="[319,440,970,1050]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Bare/small setules</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFE20FC578B3AFBF3" box="[482,613,970,1050]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Bare/small setules</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFD42FC578A59FBF3" box="[640,774,970,1050]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Bare/small setules</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFCDFFC578AE7FBF3" box="[797,952,970,1050]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Bare/small setules</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFC10FC578D06FBF3" box="[978,1113,970,1050]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Well-developed setation/small setules/spines</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFBB0FC578C7EFBF3" box="[1138,1313,970,1050]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Bare/small setules</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFA8BFC578CEEFBF3" box="[1353,1457,970,1050]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Bare/small setules</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFA18FC578F0CFBF3" box="[1498,1619,970,1050]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Bare</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFF9A9FC578E75FBF3" box="[1643,1834,970,1050]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Bare/small setules/ toothed</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFF880FC578E81FBF3" box="[1858,2014,970,1050]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Bare/small setules</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350BCD56FFC75BFFFF55FBB78E81FBB4" box="[151,2014,1066,1117]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<th id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFF55FBB78844FBB4" box="[151,283,1066,1117]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Urosomites</th>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFEFDFBB788E7FBB4" box="[319,440,1066,1117]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Dominated by spines</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFE20FBB78B3AFBB4" box="[482,613,1066,1117]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Dominated by spines</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFD42FBB78A59FBB4" box="[640,774,1066,1117]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Dominated by spines</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFCDFFBB78AE7FBB4" box="[797,952,1066,1117]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Dominated by spines</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFC10FBB78D06FBB4" box="[978,1113,1066,1117]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Dominated by long setae</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFBB0FBB78C7EFBB4" box="[1138,1313,1066,1117]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Spines and setae/ dominated by spines</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFA8BFBB78CEEFBB4" box="[1353,1457,1066,1117]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Spines and setae</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFA18FBB78F0CFBB4" box="[1498,1619,1066,1117]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Dominated by spines</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFF9A9FBB78E75FBB4" box="[1643,1834,1066,1117]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Spines and setae</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFF880FBB78E81FBB4" box="[1858,2014,1066,1117]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Dominated by spines</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350BCD56FFC75BFFFF55FBF08E81FB76" box="[151,2014,1133,1183]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<th id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFF55FBF08844FB76" box="[151,283,1133,1183]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Epimeres II–III dist. edge</th>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFEFDFBF088E7FB76" box="[319,440,1133,1183]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">With spines</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFE20FBF08B3AFB76" box="[482,613,1133,1183]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">With spines</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFD42FBF08A59FB76" box="[640,774,1133,1183]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">With spines</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFCDFFBF08AE7FB76" box="[797,952,1133,1183]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">With spines</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFC10FBF08D06FB76" box="[978,1113,1133,1183]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">With long setae</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFBB0FBF08C7EFB76" box="[1138,1313,1133,1183]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">With setae</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFA8BFBF08CEEFB76" box="[1353,1457,1133,1183]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">With spines</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFA18FBF08F0CFB76" box="[1498,1619,1133,1183]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">With spines</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFF9A9FBF08E75FB76" box="[1643,1834,1133,1183]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">With spines</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFF880FBF08E81FB76" box="[1858,2014,1133,1183]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">With spines</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350BCD56FFC75BFFFF55FB2D8E81FB0B" box="[151,2014,1200,1250]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<th id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFF55FB2D8844FB0B" box="[151,283,1200,1250]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">UIII exopod setation</th>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFEFDFB2D88E7FB0B" box="[319,440,1200,1250]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Moderately developed</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFE20FB2D8B3AFB0B" box="[482,613,1200,1250]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Absent/well developed</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFD42FB2D8A59FB0B" box="[640,774,1200,1250]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Well-developed</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFCDFFB2D8AE7FB0B" box="[797,952,1200,1250]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Moderately developed</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFC10FB2D8D06FB0B" box="[978,1113,1200,1250]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Well-developed</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFBB0FB2D8C7EFB0B" box="[1138,1313,1200,1250]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Moderately to well- developed</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFA8BFB2D8CEEFB0B" box="[1353,1457,1200,1250]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Absent to moderate</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFA18FB2D8F0CFB0B" box="[1498,1619,1200,1250]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Weak to well- developed</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFF9A9FB2D8E75FB0B" box="[1643,1834,1200,1250]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Well-developed</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFF880FB2D8E81FB0B" box="[1858,2014,1200,1250]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Absent/weak</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350BCD56FFC75BFFFF55FB6E8E81FAAB" box="[151,2014,1267,1346]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<th id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFF55FB6E8844FAAB" box="[151,283,1267,1346]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">UIII endopod setation</th>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFEFDFB6E88E7FAAB" box="[319,440,1267,1346]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Absent</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFE20FB6E8B3AFAAB" box="[482,613,1267,1346]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Absent</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFD42FB6E8A59FAAB" box="[640,774,1267,1346]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Absent/well developed</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFCDFFB6E8AE7FAAB" box="[797,952,1267,1346]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Moderate</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFC10FB6E8D06FAAB" box="[978,1113,1267,1346]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Moderately to well-developed</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFBB0FB6E8C7EFAAB" box="[1138,1313,1267,1346]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Moderately to well- developed</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFA8BFB6E8CEEFAAB" box="[1353,1457,1267,1346]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Moderate</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFA18FB6E8F0CFAAB" box="[1498,1619,1267,1346]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Moderate to well- developed</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFF9A9FB6E8E75FAAB" box="[1643,1834,1267,1346]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Moderate</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFF880FB6E8E81FAAB" box="[1858,2014,1267,1346]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350BCD56FFC75BFFFF55FACE8E81F9F1" box="[151,2014,1363,1560]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
<th id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFF55FACE8844F9F1" box="[151,283,1363,1560]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Telson</th>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFEFDFACE88E7F9F1" box="[319,440,1363,1560]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Longer than broad, lobes gradually tapering</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFE20FACE8B3AF9F1" box="[482,613,1363,1560]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">As long as broad, lobes abruptly tapering/longer than broad, lobes gradually tapering</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFD42FACE8A59F9F1" box="[640,774,1363,1560]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">As long as broad, lobes abruptly tapering</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFCDFFACE8AE7F9F1" box="[797,952,1363,1560]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Longer than broad, lobes gradually tapering</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFC10FACE8D06F9F1" box="[978,1113,1363,1560]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">As long as broad, lobes abruptly tapering</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFBB0FACE8C7EF9F1" box="[1138,1313,1363,1560]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">As long as broad, lobes abruptly tapering/longer than broad, lobes gradually tapering</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFA8BFACE8CEEF9F1" box="[1353,1457,1363,1560]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Longer than broad, lobes gradually tapering</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFFA18FACE8F0CF9F1" box="[1498,1619,1363,1560]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Longer than broad, lobes gradually tapering</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFF9A9FACE8E75F9F1" box="[1643,1834,1363,1560]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Slightly longer/as long as broad, lobes abruptly tapering</td>
<td id="76DAA42AFFC75BFFF880FACE8E81F9F1" box="[1858,2014,1363,1560]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Longer than broad, lobes gradually tapering</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C3219C9FFFC8A408FF05FEBB8D32FD40" pageId="8" pageNumber="491" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B84CF14FFC8A408FF05FEBB8D32FD40" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC8A408FF05FEBB8B5BFEA9" bold="true" box="[199,516,294,321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">Habitats and distribution.</emphasis>
The three described species of the genus were found in pebble littoral habitats of the northern coastline of the Black Sea. However, the undescribed Caspian species was collected from
<quantity id="4CC362F1FFC8A408FA84FED68CC3FE8C" box="[1350,1436,331,357]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="491" unit="m" value="14.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="8.0">8–20 m</quantity>
depth from sandy/detrital substrate (Copilaș-Ciocianu
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC8A408FD3AFEF28A6FFE60" box="[760,816,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">et al.</emphasis>
2022). Some species are very numerous forming dense aggregations living in the upper layer of the pebbles, under stones/boulders, in the estuarine part of the rivers (for example,
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC8A408FEC7FE2A889FFE38" authorityName="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Grintsov" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[261,448,439,465]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Litorogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karadagiensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC8A408FEC7FE2A889FFE38" box="[261,448,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">L. karadagiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC8A408FE0AFE2A8B16FE38" bold="true" box="[456,585,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27CAE7DFFC8A408FE0AFE2A8B16FE38" box="[456,585,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC8A408FD40FE2A8A72FE39" authorityName="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Marin &amp; Palatov" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[642,813,439,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Litorogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazestiensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC8A408FD40FE2A8A72FE39" box="[642,813,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">L. mazestiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC8A408FCF7FE2A8AE9FE38" bold="true" box="[821,950,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27CAE7DFFC8A408FCF7FE2A8AE9FE38" box="[821,950,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB2E5FFC8A408FC04FE2A8D2DFE38" author="Grintsov, V. A." box="[966,1138,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491" pagination="2" refId="ref13597" refString="Grintsov, V. A. (2009) A new amphipod species Echinogammarus karadagiensis sp. n. (Amphipoda, Gammaridae) from Crimean Coasts (Black Sea). Vestnik Zoologii, 43 (2), e 23 - e 26. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / v 10058 - 009 - 0007 - 9" type="journal article" year="2009">Grintsov, 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAB2E5FFC8A408FBBDFE2A8CD9FE38" author="Marin, I. &amp; Palatov, D." box="[1151,1414,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491" pagination="309 - 320" refId="ref14192" refString="Marin, I. &amp; Palatov, D. (2021) New and non-alien: Echinogammarus mazestiensis sp. n. from the southwestern Caucasus (Amphipoda: Gammaridae). Zoology in the Middle East, 67 (4), 309 - 320. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2021.1949139" type="journal article" year="2021">Marin &amp; Palatov, 2021</bibRefCitation>
)), while others are living deeply in pebbles (for example,
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC8A408FCC4FE468A01FE1C" authority="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu, 2023" authorityName="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu" authorityYear="2023" box="[774,862,475,501]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Litorogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dursi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC8A408FCC4FE468A01FE1C" box="[774,862,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">L. dursi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC8A408FCA7FE468AE0FE1C" bold="true" box="[869,959,475,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27CAE7DFFC8A408FCA7FE468AE0FE1C" box="[869,959,475,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(present paper)). The species of the genus are probably somewhat tolerant to the low salinity, but
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC8A408FD3CFE628AF7FDF1" authorityName="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Marin &amp; Palatov" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[766,936,511,536]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Litorogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazestiensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC8A408FD3CFE628AF7FDF1" box="[766,936,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">L. mazestiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC8A408FC6DFE628D70FDF0" bold="true" box="[943,1071,511,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27CAE7DFFC8A408FC6DFE628D70FDF0" box="[943,1071,511,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC8A408FBA7FE628DE3FDF0" authority="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu, 2023" authorityName="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu" authorityYear="2023" box="[1125,1212,511,537]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Litorogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dursi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC8A408FBA7FE628DE3FDF0" box="[1125,1212,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">L. dursi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC8A408FB00FE628C43FDF0" bold="true" box="[1218,1308,511,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27CAE7DFFC8A408FB00FE628C43FDF0" box="[1218,1308,511,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
have never been found far from the brackish water part of the river estuary, neither in the direction of the sea, nor in fresh water, while
<taxonomicName id="4C3BB497FFC8A408FF1FFDDA88C7FD88" authorityName="Marin &amp; Palatov &amp; Copilaș-Ciocianu" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Grintsov" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[221,408,583,609]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Litorogammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karadagiensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC8A408FF1FFDDA88C7FD88" box="[221,408,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">L. karadagiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94F1306FFC8A408FE62FDDA8B7EFD88" bold="true" box="[416,545,583,609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27CAE7DFFC8A408FE62FDDA8B7EFD88" box="[416,545,583,609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is presently known only from the beach localities, which are very distant from any coastal rivers, for example Laspi and Karadag Bays. Apparently, the evolution of the genus is associated with pebbles and the exploitation of the maximum possible number of niches in this biotope.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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