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<mods:title id="B02DFB204F51B0F635BEE6B8B04C9CEA">On some commensal anomuran and brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) off Visakhapatnam, Northwestern Bay of Bengal</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D3AFFBCC74EFF0CFD24FE14CEF0" ID-CoL="4YVM2" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason &amp; Alcock" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[151,487,690,717]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trapeziidae" genus="Sphenomerides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trapezioides">
<emphasis id="B952EAABFFBCC74EFF0CFD24FE14CEF0" bold="true" box="[151,487,690,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Sphenomerides trapezioides</emphasis>
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(Wood-Mason
<emphasis id="B952EAABFFBCC74EFD33FD24FD33CEF1" bold="true" box="[680,704,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B48FFBCC74EFD5CFD24FBC5CEF1" author="Wood-Mason, J. &amp; Alcock, A." box="[711,1078,690,716]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref11319" refString="Wood-Mason, J. &amp; Alcock, A. (1891) Natural history notes from H. M. Indian Marine Survey Steamer Investigator, Commander R. F. Hoskyn, R. N., commanding. No. 21. On the Results of the last Season's Deep-sea Dredging. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 7 (37), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939109460573" type="journal article" year="1891">Wood-Mason &amp; Alcock, 1891</bibRefCitation>
)
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(
<figureCitation id="131D2A3CFFBCC74EFF04FD40FF06CECD" box="[159,245,726,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,679,1711]" captionTargetId="figure-174@8.[151,1435,679,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Brachyura associated with cnidarians collected from northwestern Bay of Bengal:A, Quadrella maculosa Alcock, 1898; B, Quadrella coronata Dana, 1852; C, Sphenomerides trapezioides (Wood-Mason in Wood-Mason &amp; Alcock, 1891); D, Dorippoides facchino (Herbst, 1785)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8243725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8243725/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8B9936B9FFBCC74EFF0CFC88FE7ECF04" blockId="9.[151,1436,798,947]" box="[151,397,798,825]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Restricted synonymy:</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D3AFFBCC74EFF0CFCA9FD59CF6A" ID-CoL="4YVMY" authority="Wood-Mason, 1891: 263" authorityName="Wood-Mason" authorityPageNumber="263" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,682,831,855]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trapeziidae" genus="Sphenomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trapezioides">
<emphasis id="B952EAABFFBCC74EFF0CFCA9FE57CF6A" box="[151,420,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Sphenomerus trapezioides</emphasis>
Wood-Mason, 1891: 263
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.—Wood-Mason, 1892b, pl. 5, fig. 2.—
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B48FFBCC74EFBDAFCA9FA8ECF6A" author="Wood-Mason, J. &amp; Alcock, A." box="[1089,1405,831,855]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref11319" refString="Wood-Mason, J. &amp; Alcock, A. (1891) Natural history notes from H. M. Indian Marine Survey Steamer Investigator, Commander R. F. Hoskyn, R. N., commanding. No. 21. On the Results of the last Season's Deep-sea Dredging. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 7 (37), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939109460573" type="journal article" year="1891">Wood-Mason &amp; Alcock, 1891</bibRefCitation>
, p. 263
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.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8710A8FFBCC74EFE90FCCBFE39CF48" author="Alcock, A." box="[267,458,861,885]" page="228" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" year="1898">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B48FFBCC74EFE90FCCBFE39CF48" author="Alcock, A." box="[267,458,861,885]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" pagination="67 - 233" refId="ref6049" refString="Alcock, A. (1898) Materials for the carcinological fauna of India, No. 3, The Brachyura Cyclometopa, part 1. The family Xanthidae. Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal, 67 (1), 67 - 233." type="journal article" year="1898">Alcock, 1898: 228</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8710A8FFBCC74EFE72FCCBFD74CF48" author="Rao, D. V." box="[489,647,861,885]" page="198" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B48FFBCC74EFE72FCCBFD74CF48" author="Rao, D. V." box="[489,647,861,885]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" refId="ref9553" refString="Rao, D. V. (2010) Field Guide to Coral and Coral Associates of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 283 pp." type="book" year="2010">Rao, 2010: 198</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D3AFFBCC74EFF0CFCEAFE47CFA9" ID-CoL="4YVM2" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason &amp; Alcock" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[151,436,892,916]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trapeziidae" genus="Sphenomerides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trapezioides">
<emphasis id="B952EAABFFBCC74EFF0CFCEAFE47CFA9" box="[151,436,892,916]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Sphenomerides trapezioides</emphasis>
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.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8710A8FFBCC74EFE49FCEAFD7DCFA9" author="Alcock, A." box="[466,654,892,916]" page="66" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" year="1899">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B48FFBCC74EFE49FCEAFD7DCFA9" author="Alcock, A." box="[466,654,892,916]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" refId="ref6095" refString="Alcock, A. (1899 a) An Account of the Deep-Sea Brachyura collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, iv + 85 pp., index, pls. I - IV. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10330" type="book" year="1899">Alcock, 1899a: 66</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8710A8FFBCC74EFD37FCEAFC22CFA9" author="Alcock, A. &amp; Anderson, A. R. S." box="[684,977,892,916]" page="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" year="1899">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B48FFBCC74EFD37FCEAFC22CFA9" author="Alcock, A. &amp; Anderson, A. R. S." box="[684,977,892,916]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref5954" refString="Alcock, A. &amp; Anderson, A. R. S. (1899) Natural history notes from H. M. Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator, Commander T. H. Heming, R. N., commanding. Series III. No. 2. An account of the deep-sea Crustacea dredged during the surveying-season of 1897 - 98. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, (13), 1 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939908678071" type="journal article" year="1899">Alcock &amp; Anderson, 1899: 5</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B48FFBCC74EFC6BFCEAFB24CFA9" author="Castro, P. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." box="[1008,1239,892,916]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" pagination="1 - 70" refId="ref6766" refString="Castro, P., Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2004) Phylogeny and systematics of the Trapeziidae Miers, 1886 (Crustacea: Brachyura), with the description of a new family. Zootaxa, 643 (1), 1 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 643.1.1" type="journal article" year="2004">
Castro
<emphasis id="B952EAABFFBCC74EFBA0FCEBFB9CCFA9" box="[1083,1135,892,916]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">et al.</emphasis>
, 2004: 60
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 4E.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8710A8FFBCC74EFAA6FCEAFEDFCF8F" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Guinot, D. &amp; Davie, P. J. F." page="185" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B48FFBCC74EFAA6FCEAFEDFCF8F" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Guinot, D. &amp; Davie, P. J. F." pageId="9" pageNumber="550" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref8960" refString="Ng, P. K. L., Guinot, D. &amp; Davie, P. J. F. (2008) Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 17, 1 - 286." type="journal article" year="2008">
Ng
<emphasis id="B952EAABFFBCC74EFAF8FCEBFA64CFA9" box="[1379,1431,892,916]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008: 185
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8710A8FFBCC74EFED0FC0CFD89CF8E" author="Dev Roy, M. K. &amp; Nandi, N. C." box="[331,634,922,947]" page="207" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B48FFBCC74EFED0FC0CFD89CF8E" author="Dev Roy, M. K. &amp; Nandi, N. C." box="[331,634,922,947]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" pagination="185 - 236" refId="ref7218" refString="Dev Roy, M. K. &amp; Nandi, N. C. (2012) Brachyuran crabs (Crustacea). In: Fauna of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, State Fauna Series, 19 (1). Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 185 - 236." type="book chapter" year="2012">
Dev Roy &amp;
<collectingRegion id="49E2F85BFFBCC74EFE53FC0DFDFBCF8E" box="[456,520,923,947]" country="Kenya" name="Nandi" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Nandi</collectingRegion>
, 2012: 207
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.—
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B48FFBCC74EFD03FC0DFC9ACF8F" author="Huys, R. &amp; Low, M. Y. &amp; De Grave, S. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Clark, P. F." box="[664,873,922,947]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref8098" refString="Huys, R., Low, M. Y., De Grave, S., Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Clark, P. F. (2014) On two reports associated with James Wood-Mason and Alfred William Alcock published by the Indian Museum and the Indian Marine Survey between 1890 and 1891: implications for malacostracan nomenclature. Zootaxa, 3757 (1), 1 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3757.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Huys
<emphasis id="B952EAABFFBCC74EFD4FFC0DFCF4CF8E" box="[724,775,923,947]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014: 15
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8710A8FFBCC74EFC13FC0CFB8BCF8E" author="Trivedi, J. N. &amp; Trivedi, D. J. &amp; Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[904,1144,922,947]" page="74" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B48FFBCC74EFC13FC0CFB8BCF8E" author="Trivedi, J. N. &amp; Trivedi, D. J. &amp; Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[904,1144,922,947]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref11018" refString="Trivedi, J. N., Trivedi, D. J., Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2018) An annotated checklist of the marine brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) of India. Zootaxa, 4502 (1), 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4502.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">
Trivedi
<emphasis id="B952EAABFFBCC74EFC47FC0DFBE3CF8E" box="[988,1040,923,947]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018: 74
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6532FFBCC74EFF0CFC77FCD3C822" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9936B9FFBCC74EFF0CFC77FCD3C822" blockId="9.[151,1436,993,1307]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="B952EAABFFBCC74EFF0CFC77FE71CFC6" bold="true" box="[151,386,993,1019]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CE4FFBCC74EFE10FC77FCEFC822" collectingDate="2019-12-15" collectionCode="CRUST" collectorName="K. Silambarasan" elevation="49" latitude="17.965" longLatPrecision="127" longitude="83.89167" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
FSI/
<collectionCode id="ED37AE7CFFBCC74EFE27FC77FDEBCFC6" box="[444,536,993,1019]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">CRUST</collectionCode>
: 236,
<specimenCount id="9D20FD30FFBCC74EFDC5FC77FD58CFC6" box="[606,683,993,1019]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(CL 15.0 mm, CW 9.0 mm),
<geoCoordinate id="EE12507EFFBCC74EFB9FFC77FB8FCFC1" box="[1028,1148,993,1020]" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="57.9" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" precision="92" value="17.965">17°57.9N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE12507EFFBCC74EFB11FC77FB0DCFC1" box="[1162,1278,993,1020]" degrees="83" direction="east" minutes="53.5" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" precision="92" value="83.89167">83°53.5E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CDE9B5CFFBCC74EFA97FC77FA80CFC6" box="[1292,1395,993,1019]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" unit="m" value="48.5" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="48.0">
<elevation id="000BD18AFFBCC74EFA97FC77FA80CFC6" box="[1292,1395,993,1019]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" unit="m" value="48.5" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="48.0">4849 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectedFrom id="383A7544FFBCC74EFA1BFC77FEC6C822" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">
on
<taxonomicName id="4C264D3AFFBCC74EFF0CFB93FEC6C822" box="[151,309,1029,1055]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B952EAABFFBCC74EFF0CFB93FEFCC822" box="[151,271,1029,1055]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Antipathes</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
, coll.
<collectorName id="26D3536FFFBCC74EFEE7FB93FDCBC822" box="[380,568,1029,1055]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">K. Silambarasan</collectorName>
,
<date id="FF981079FFBCC74EFDD8FB93FCEFC822" box="[579,796,1029,1056]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="2019-12-15">
<collectingDate id="EFDCE991FFBCC74EFDD8FB93FCEFC822" box="[579,796,1029,1056]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" value="2019-12-15">15 December 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6532FFBCC74EFF5CFBBFFF11C8EE" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9936B9FFBCC74EFF5CFBBFFAD5C85A" blockId="9.[151,1436,993,1307]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="B952EAABFFBCC74EFF5CFBBFFE92C87E" bold="true" box="[199,353,1065,1091]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3317629FFBCC74EFEF0FBBFFE07C87E" box="[363,500,1065,1091]" name="Madagascar" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Sulu,
<collectingCountry id="F3317629FFBCC74EFDDCFBBFFD44C87E" box="[583,695,1065,1091]" name="Indonesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
, Banda Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B48FFBCC74EFCC9FBBFFBDAC87E" author="Castro, P. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." box="[850,1065,1065,1091]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" pagination="1 - 70" refId="ref6766" refString="Castro, P., Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2004) Phylogeny and systematics of the Trapeziidae Miers, 1886 (Crustacea: Brachyura), with the description of a new family. Zootaxa, 643 (1), 1 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 643.1.1" type="journal article" year="2004">
Castro
<emphasis id="B952EAABFFBCC74EFC3CFBBCFC10C87E" box="[935,995,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="49E2F85BFFBCC74EFBA5FBBFFA6FC87E" box="[1086,1436,1065,1091]" country="India" name="Andaman and Nicobar Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B48FFBCC74EFF04FBDBFE86C85A" author="Trivedi, J. N. &amp; Trivedi, D. J. &amp; Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[159,373,1101,1127]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref11018" refString="Trivedi, J. N., Trivedi, D. J., Vachhrajani, K. D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2018) An annotated checklist of the marine brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) of India. Zootaxa, 4502 (1), 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4502.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">
Trivedi
<emphasis id="B952EAABFFBCC74EFF62FBD8FEC2C85A" box="[249,305,1101,1127]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
). The present record from Visakhapatnam is the first report from off mainland
<collectingCountry id="F3317629FFBCC74EFB7EFBDBFAD1C85A" box="[1253,1314,1101,1127]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9936B9FFBCC74EFF5CFBE7FF11C8EE" blockId="9.[151,1436,993,1307]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="B952EAABFFBCC74EFF5CFBE7FE75C8B6" bold="true" box="[199,390,1137,1163]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Commensalism.</emphasis>
According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B48FFBCC74EFDAAFBE7FD21C8B6" author="Castro, P." box="[561,722,1137,1163]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" pagination="437 - 466" refId="ref6659" refString="Castro, P. (2013) Brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Brachyura: Crossotonotidae, Ethusidae, Euryplacidae, Goneplacidae, Latreilliidae, Palicidae, Tetraliidae, Trapeziidae) of the Mainbaza, Miriki, and Atimo Vatae expeditions to the Mozambique Channel and Madagascar. In: Ahyong, S. T., Chan, T. - Y., Corbari, L. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Tropical deep sea benthos. Vol. 27. Memories of Museum Natural History, Paris, 204, pp. 437 - 466." type="journal article" year="2013">Castro (2013)</bibRefCitation>
, the hosts are deep sea sponges. Our specimen was collected from the soft tree coral,
<taxonomicName id="4C264D3AFFBCC74EFE3FFB03FDB0C892" box="[420,579,1173,1199]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B952EAABFFBCC74EFE3FFB03FDEFC892" box="[420,540,1173,1199]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Antipathes</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, from Visakhapatnam waters, probably the first report of its association with corals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6532FFBCC74EFF5CFB4BFEC4C926" pageId="9" pageNumber="550" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9936B9FFBCC74EFF5CFB4BFEC4C926" blockId="9.[151,1436,993,1307]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="B952EAABFFBCC74EFF5CFB4BFEC8C8CA" bold="true" box="[199,315,1245,1271]" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">Remarks.</emphasis>
The single specimen of this widespread species presents an interesting new record from the mainland coast of
<collectingCountry id="F3317629FFBCC74EFF6DFA97FEC0C926" box="[246,307,1281,1307]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="550">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>