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<document id="22E6E55709EA685951BCC5C0089DE27D" ID-CLB-Dataset="304811" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2024v46a15" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fe16163e-5e9d-4c80-89c8-fce3fb2e064f" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13985760" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C32EAAFD-85D8-45CD-8DF7-B894E1537713" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1729758589633" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Merle, Didier, Pacaud, Jean-Michel, Ledon, Daniel &amp; Goret, Bernard" docDate="2024" docId="038E87DAFFEBE408FCC0FD00FBB2F95F" docLanguage="en" docName="geodiversitas.2024.46.15.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 46 (15)" docSource="https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/g2024v46a15.pdf" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Dermomurex (Gracilimurex) ligerianus Merle, Pacaud, Ledon &amp; Goret, 2024, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="5FD68C63-4422-4392-B888-8EFF1FB885FC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="507" masterDocId="FFB7FFA2FFE6E406FFB8FFD6FF81FFB3" masterDocTitle="New Cenozoic Muricidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Europe" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="495" pageNumber="506" updateTime="1732586620909" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="20FE6B0F85AF42F053B0204C5672BD44">New Cenozoic Muricidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Europe</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1725DD923812D2DB61F2E8C7706078C4">Merle, Didier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="023B305361B87788F0C014D6F3AEABED">Pacaud, Jean-Michel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0480255C77ECFBA0EEB2BE0F51507339">Ledon, Daniel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="69129358CA71C90BA0CFBF14E34360FB">Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Département Origines et Évolution (CR 2 P - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, Sorbonne Université), 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) didier. merle @ mnhn. fr (corresponding author) jean-michel. pacaud @ mnhn. fr dnledon @ yahoo. fr</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="09542BEF6315B885AA4444ABD0800087" type="email">didier.merle@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="B060B4C3BED4FE3EAB97947CAEF3AC41">Raoul Ponchon, F- 31500 Toulouse (France) bernardgoret @ hotmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="533E7D59B94E4EA551B84A0FAA02C876">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DA78CD1258F090EE852A780B877B7EB4">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038E87DAFFEBE408FCC0FD00FBB2F95F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13989268" ID-GBIF-Taxon="244735071" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13989268" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5FD68C63-4422-4392-B888-8EFF1FB885FC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87DAFFEBE408FCC0FD00FBB2F95F" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="507" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_family="Muricidae" scope_phylum="Mollusca" scope_subFamily="Aspellinae" scope_subGenus="Gracilimurex">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFEBE40BFCC0FD00FAA3FD42" ID-CoL="CN5M8" authorityName="Merle &amp; Pacaud &amp; Ledon &amp; Goret" authorityYear="2024" box="[888,1314,726,753]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Dermomurex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ligerianus" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Gracilimurex">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFEBE40BFCC0FD00FB89FD43" bold="true" box="[888,1032,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">Dermomurex</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFEBE40BFBAFFD01FB29FD42" bold="true" box="[1047,1192,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">Gracilimurex</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFEBE40BFB00FD01FAA3FD42" bold="true" box="[1208,1314,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">ligerianus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057A5FFEBE40BFA91FD00FAE5FD43" box="[1321,1380,726,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33D6547FFEBE40BFC43FD23FA31FCF8" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9836CCFFEBE40BFC43FD23FB60FCBC" blockId="13.[888,1380,726,784]" box="[1019,1249,757,784]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">
(
<figureCitation id="131C2A49FFEBE40BFBBCFD23FBC5FCBC" box="[1028,1092,757,783]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1166,1183]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1122]" captionTargetId="figure-306@12.[698,1267,213,759]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 4. — Spiral cords and internal denticles of the outer lip in Favartia jansseni n. sp. (A-D) and Dermomurex (Gracilimurex) ligerianus n. sp. (E-H): A, B, holotype, RGM.225979, Winterswijk, North Sea Basin, The Netherlands, Middle Miocene (Langhian); C, D, paratype, MNHN.F.A77748 (Ledon coll.), Winterswijk; E, F, holotype, MNHN.F.A33456 (Dollfus coll.), Pontlevoy, Loire Basin, France, Middle Miocene; G, H, paratype, MNHN.F.A33457 (Dollfus coll.), Pontlevoy. Scale bars: 5 mm. Credits: A, B, R. Pouwer and E. de Vogel (Naturalis Biodiversity Center); C, D, L. Cazes (MNHN/CNRS); E-H, P. Loubry (MNHN/CNRS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13985768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13985768/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">Figs 4</figureCitation>
E-H; 25G, H)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836CCFFEBE40BFC95FCECFA31FCF8" blockId="13.[813,1456,826,843]" box="[813,1456,826,843]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">
<uri id="FFB63ACEFFEBE40BFC95FCECFA31FCF8" box="[813,1456,826,843]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836CCFFEBE40BFC95FCAAFA2EFC20" blockId="13.[813,1455,891,915]" box="[813,1455,891,915]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFEBE40BFC95FCAAFBB7FC20" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1929" box="[813,1078,891,915]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Dermomurex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Gracilimurex">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFEBE40BFC95FCAAFC26FC20" box="[813,935,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">Dermomurex</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFEBE40BFC0CFCADFBAEFC20" box="[948,1071,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">Gracilimurex</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
sp. –
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B3DFFEBE40BFBD2FCADFA8AFC20" author="MERLE D. &amp; GARRIGUES B. &amp; POINTIER J. - P." box="[1130,1291,891,915]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" refId="ref47234" refString="MERLE D., GARRIGUES B. &amp; POINTIER J. - P. 2011. - Fossil &amp; Recent Muricidae of the World. Part Muricinae. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 652 p." type="book" year="2011">
Merle
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFEBE40BFB11FCAAFB57FC20" box="[1193,1238,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 173, fig. 1-2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D6547FFEBE40BFC95FC7DFB86FBCF" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9836CCFFEBE40BFC95FC7DFC5EFB9E" blockId="13.[811,1456,939,1148]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3C91FFEBE40BFC95FC7DFC5EFB9E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4958671320" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Faluns du Blesois &amp; Dollfus" country="France" county="Basin" location="Pontlevoy" municipality="Loir-et-Cher" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pays de la Loire" typeStatus="holotype">
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. —
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<typeStatus id="549C886EFFEBE40BFC57FC7DFBD1FC70" box="[1007,1104,939,963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
<collectingCountry id="F330765CFFEBE40BFBE2FC7DFB1DFC70" box="[1114,1180,939,963]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">France</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<collectingRegion id="49E3F82EFFEBE40BFB0AFC7DFB64FC70" box="[1202,1253,939,963]" country="France" name="Pays de la Loire" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">Loire</collectingRegion>
<collectingCounty id="62F94E40FFEBE40BFB54FC7DFAA5FC70" box="[1260,1316,939,963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">Basin</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFCACB6FFEBE40BFA96FC7DFA2DFC70" box="[1326,1452,939,963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">Loir-et-Cher</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EF86017FFEBE40BFC95FC13FC10FC6E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87DAFFEBE408FCC0FD00FBB2F95F:8EF86017FFEBE40BFC95FC13FC10FC6E" box="[813,913,965,989]" country="France" county="Basin" municipality="Loir-et-Cher" name="Pontlevoy" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" stateProvince="Pays de la Loire">Pontlevoy</location>
;
<collectorName id="26D2531AFFEBE40BFC24FC13FBC8FC6E" box="[924,1097,965,989]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">
<location id="8EF86017FFEBE40BFC24FC13FBC8FC6E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87DAFFEBE408FCC0FD00FBB2F95F:8EF86017FFEBE40BFC24FC13FBC8FC6E" box="[924,1097,965,989]" country="France" county="Basin" municipality="Loir-et-Cher" name="Faluns du Blesois" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" stateProvince="Pays de la Loire">Faluns du Blésois</location>
</collectorName>
(mammal biozone MN5b);
<location id="8EF86017FFEBE40BFAD0FC13FC02FC4B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87DAFFEBE408FCC0FD00FBB2F95F:8EF86017FFEBE40BFAD0FC13FC02FC4B" country="France" county="Basin" municipality="Loir-et-Cher" name="Middle Miocene" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" stateProvince="Pays de la Loire">Middle Miocene</location>
(base of the
<location id="8EF86017FFEBE40BFC44FC36FBDDFC4B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87DAFFEBE408FCC0FD00FBB2F95F:8EF86017FFEBE40BFC44FC36FBDDFC4B" box="[1020,1116,992,1016]" country="France" county="Basin" municipality="Loir-et-Cher" name="Langhian" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" stateProvince="Pays de la Loire">Langhian</location>
);
<collectionCode id="ED36AE09FFEBE40BFBD0FC36FB3CFC44" box="[1128,1213,992,1015]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.A33456 (
<collectorName id="26D2531AFFEBE40BFA96FC36FAF9FC4B" box="[1326,1400,992,1016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">Dollfus</collectorName>
coll.) figured specimen in
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B3DFFEBE40BFC55FC2CFB18FBA1" author="MERLE D. &amp; GARRIGUES B. &amp; POINTIER J. - P." box="[1005,1177,1018,1042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" refId="ref47234" refString="MERLE D., GARRIGUES B. &amp; POINTIER J. - P. 2011. - Fossil &amp; Recent Muricidae of the World. Part Muricinae. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 652 p." type="book" year="2011">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFEBE40BFC55FC2CFBA7FBA1" authorityName="Merle &amp; Pacaud &amp; Ledon &amp; Goret" authorityYear="2024" box="[1005,1062,1018,1042]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="543" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" status="subfam. nov." subFamily="Merle">Merle</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFEBE40BFB95FC2DFBDBFBA1" box="[1069,1114,1018,1042]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">et al.</emphasis>
(2011
</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 173, fig. 1a-b), H:
<quantity id="4CDF9B29FFEBE40BFACEFC2CFA2EFBA1" box="[1398,1455,1018,1042]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="131C2A49FFEBE40BFC8DFBC3FC1BFB9F" box="[821,922,1045,1069]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1166,1183]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1122]" captionTargetId="figure-306@12.[698,1267,213,759]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 4. — Spiral cords and internal denticles of the outer lip in Favartia jansseni n. sp. (A-D) and Dermomurex (Gracilimurex) ligerianus n. sp. (E-H): A, B, holotype, RGM.225979, Winterswijk, North Sea Basin, The Netherlands, Middle Miocene (Langhian); C, D, paratype, MNHN.F.A77748 (Ledon coll.), Winterswijk; E, F, holotype, MNHN.F.A33456 (Dollfus coll.), Pontlevoy, Loire Basin, France, Middle Miocene; G, H, paratype, MNHN.F.A33457 (Dollfus coll.), Pontlevoy. Scale bars: 5 mm. Credits: A, B, R. Pouwer and E. de Vogel (Naturalis Biodiversity Center); C, D, L. Cazes (MNHN/CNRS); E-H, P. Loubry (MNHN/CNRS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13985768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13985768/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">Figs 4E, F</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="131C2A49FFEBE40BFC1CFBC3FC55FB9E" box="[932,980,1045,1069]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[132,143,1530,1547]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-374@44.[700,1257,764,1304]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 25. — New species of Muricopsis Bucquoy &amp; Dautzenberg, 1882, Favartia Jousseaume, 1880, Dermomurex Monterosato, 1890, Trubatsa Dall, 1889 and Timbellus De Gregorio, 1885: A, B, Muricopsis pontileviensis n. sp.: A, holotype, MNHN.F.A71120 (Dollfus coll.), Pontlevoy, France, Langhian; B, paratype, MNHN.F.A77743, (Dollfus coll.), Pontlevoy; C, D, M. neraudeaui n. sp.: C, holotype, MNHN.F.A77746 (Néraudeau sample), Saint-Jacques-de-la-Lande, France, Messinian;D, paratype,MNHN.F.A77747 (Néraudeau sample),Saint-Jacques-de-la-Lande;E, F, Favartia jansseni n. sp.:E, holotype,RGM.225979,Winterswijk,The Netherlands, Langhian; F, paratype,MNHN.F.A77748 (Ledon coll.),Winterswijk;G, H, Dermomurex (Gracilimurex) ligerianus n. sp.: G, holotype,MNHN.F.A33456 (Dollfus coll.), Pontlevoy; H, paratype, MNHN.F.A33457 (Dollfus coll.); I-K, Trubatsa ganensis n. sp.: I, holotype, MNHN.A90520 (Varone coll.), Gan (Tuilerie), France, Ypresian; J, paratype, MNHN.F.A90518 (Merle coll.), Gan (Tuilerie); K, paratype, MNHN.F.A90517 (Merle coll.), Gan (Tuilerie); L, T. calviniacensis n. sp., holotype,MNHN.F.A25590 (Pacaud coll.), Cauvigny (Châteaurouge),France, Lutetian; M-O, Timbellus magnificus n. sp.: M, holotype, MNHN.F.A90522 (Pacaud coll.), Baron (Sablière Heudebert), France, Bartonian; N, paratype, MNHN.F.A90525 (Schtrock coll.), Saint-Vaast-lès-Mello (Barisseuse), France, Bartonian; O, paratype, MNHN.F.A90523 (Pacaud coll.), Baron (Sablière Heudebert). Scale bars: A-L, 5 mm; M-O, 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13985823" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13985823/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">25G</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836CCFFEBE40BFC95FBF9FB86FBCF" blockId="13.[811,1456,939,1148]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3C91FFEBE40BFC95FBF9FB82FBCF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4958671342" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Dollfus" country="France" location="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFEBE40BFC95FBF9FC49FBF4" bold="true" box="[813,968,1071,1095]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">
<typeStatus id="549C886EFFEBE40BFC95FBF9FC03FBF4" box="[813,898,1071,1095]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
.
<collectingCountry id="F330765CFFEBE40BFC31FBF9FC49FBF4" box="[905,968,1071,1095]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">France</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
• 1 spm; same as for the holotype;
<collectionCode id="ED36AE09FFEBE40BFB44FBE6FACCFBF4" box="[1276,1357,1072,1095]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.A33457 (
<collectorName id="26D2531AFFEBE40BFC8BFB9CFCFDFBD1" box="[819,892,1098,1122]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">Dollfus</collectorName>
coll.) figured specimen inMerle
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFEBE40BFB16FB9CFB5AFBD1" box="[1198,1243,1098,1122]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">et al.</emphasis>
(2011: pl. 173, fig. 2a, b) (
<figureCitation id="131C2A49FFEBE40BFCE8FBB2FC3EFBCF" box="[848,959,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1166,1183]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1122]" captionTargetId="figure-306@12.[698,1267,213,759]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 4. — Spiral cords and internal denticles of the outer lip in Favartia jansseni n. sp. (A-D) and Dermomurex (Gracilimurex) ligerianus n. sp. (E-H): A, B, holotype, RGM.225979, Winterswijk, North Sea Basin, The Netherlands, Middle Miocene (Langhian); C, D, paratype, MNHN.F.A77748 (Ledon coll.), Winterswijk; E, F, holotype, MNHN.F.A33456 (Dollfus coll.), Pontlevoy, Loire Basin, France, Middle Miocene; G, H, paratype, MNHN.F.A33457 (Dollfus coll.), Pontlevoy. Scale bars: 5 mm. Credits: A, B, R. Pouwer and E. de Vogel (Naturalis Biodiversity Center); C, D, L. Cazes (MNHN/CNRS); E-H, P. Loubry (MNHN/CNRS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13985768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13985768/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">Figs 4G, H</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="131C2A49FFEBE40BFC72FBB2FC7AFBCF" box="[970,1019,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[132,143,1530,1547]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-374@44.[700,1257,764,1304]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 25. — New species of Muricopsis Bucquoy &amp; Dautzenberg, 1882, Favartia Jousseaume, 1880, Dermomurex Monterosato, 1890, Trubatsa Dall, 1889 and Timbellus De Gregorio, 1885: A, B, Muricopsis pontileviensis n. sp.: A, holotype, MNHN.F.A71120 (Dollfus coll.), Pontlevoy, France, Langhian; B, paratype, MNHN.F.A77743, (Dollfus coll.), Pontlevoy; C, D, M. neraudeaui n. sp.: C, holotype, MNHN.F.A77746 (Néraudeau sample), Saint-Jacques-de-la-Lande, France, Messinian;D, paratype,MNHN.F.A77747 (Néraudeau sample),Saint-Jacques-de-la-Lande;E, F, Favartia jansseni n. sp.:E, holotype,RGM.225979,Winterswijk,The Netherlands, Langhian; F, paratype,MNHN.F.A77748 (Ledon coll.),Winterswijk;G, H, Dermomurex (Gracilimurex) ligerianus n. sp.: G, holotype,MNHN.F.A33456 (Dollfus coll.), Pontlevoy; H, paratype, MNHN.F.A33457 (Dollfus coll.); I-K, Trubatsa ganensis n. sp.: I, holotype, MNHN.A90520 (Varone coll.), Gan (Tuilerie), France, Ypresian; J, paratype, MNHN.F.A90518 (Merle coll.), Gan (Tuilerie); K, paratype, MNHN.F.A90517 (Merle coll.), Gan (Tuilerie); L, T. calviniacensis n. sp., holotype,MNHN.F.A25590 (Pacaud coll.), Cauvigny (Châteaurouge),France, Lutetian; M-O, Timbellus magnificus n. sp.: M, holotype, MNHN.F.A90522 (Pacaud coll.), Baron (Sablière Heudebert), France, Bartonian; N, paratype, MNHN.F.A90525 (Schtrock coll.), Saint-Vaast-lès-Mello (Barisseuse), France, Bartonian; O, paratype, MNHN.F.A90523 (Pacaud coll.), Baron (Sablière Heudebert). Scale bars: A-L, 5 mm; M-O, 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13985823" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13985823/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">25H</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D6547FFEBE40BFC95FB42FA31FB1F" box="[813,1456,1172,1196]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9836CCFFEBE40BFC95FB42FA31FB1F" blockId="13.[813,1456,1172,1196]" box="[813,1456,1172,1196]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA010FFEBE40BFC95FB42FC24FB19" baselines="1189,1190" box="[813,933,1172,1195]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Etymology" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">ETYMOLOGY</smallCapsWord>
. — From the Latin adjective
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFEBE40BFB04FB42FA97FB1F" authorityName="Merle &amp; Pacaud &amp; Ledon &amp; Goret" authorityYear="2024" box="[1212,1302,1172,1196]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Dermomurex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ligerianus">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFEBE40BFB04FB42FA97FB1F" box="[1212,1302,1172,1196]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">ligerianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
meaning
<collectingRegion id="49E3F82EFFEBE40BFACEFB42FA2DFB1F" box="[1398,1452,1172,1196]" country="France" name="Pays de la Loire" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">Loire</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D6547FFEBE40BFC95FB12FBA0FA8C" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9836CCFFEBE40BFC95FB12FAEBFB45" blockId="13.[811,1455,1219,1270]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA010FFEBE40BFC95FB12FCDCFB6A" baselines="1237,1237" box="[813,861,1220,1243]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">TYPE</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA010FFEBE40BFCDAFB1FFC3DFB69" baselines="1238" box="[866,956,1225,1242]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="horizon" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">HORIZON</smallCapsWord>
. — Faluns du Blésois (mammal biozone MN5b), see
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B3DFFEBE40BFC93FB08FC51FB45" author="GINSBURG L." box="[811,976,1246,1270]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" pagination="3 - 16" refId="ref44603" refString="GINSBURG L. 2000. - Chronologie des depots miocenes du Blesois a la Bretagne. Symbioses 2: 3 - 16." type="journal article" year="2000">Ginsburg (2000)</bibRefCitation>
, Middle Miocene (base of the Langhian).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836CCFFEBE40BFC95FAD8FBA0FA8C" blockId="13.[813,1455,1293,1344]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA010FFEBE40BFC95FAD8FCDCFA90" baselines="1311,1311" box="[813,861,1294,1317]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">TYPE</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA010FFEBE40BFCDEFAC5FC40FA97" baselines="1312" box="[870,961,1299,1316]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="locality" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">LOCALITY</smallCapsWord>
. —
<collectingCountry id="F330765CFFEBE40BFC40FAD8FBBDFA96" box="[1016,1084,1294,1317]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">France</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E3F82EFFEBE40BFBFFFADBFBFBFA96" box="[1095,1146,1293,1317]" country="France" name="Pays de la Loire" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">Loire</collectingRegion>
Basin, Loir-et-Cher, Pontlevoy (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B3DFFEBE40BFCEFFAFEFB95FAF3" author="MACAIRE J. - J. &amp; LE DOUSSAL C. &amp; HINSSCHBERGER F. &amp; BREHERET J. - G. &amp; SEN S." box="[855,1044,1320,1344]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" pagination="34 - 59" refId="ref46198" refString="MACAIRE J. - J., LE DOUSSAL C., HINSSCHBERGER F., BREHERET J. - G. &amp; SEN S. 2020. - La reserve naturelle regionale geologique de Pontlevoy (Loir-et-Cher, France): presentation et nouvelles donnees sur les formations miocenes au sud de Blois. Bulletin d'Informations des Geologues du Bassin de Paris 57 (2): 34 - 59." type="journal article" year="2020">
Macaire
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFEBE40BFC14FAFFFC5AFAF3" box="[940,987,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D6547FFEBE40BFC95FA8EFAC0FADC" box="[813,1345,1367,1392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9836CCFFEBE40BFC95FA8EFAC0FADC" blockId="13.[813,1345,1367,1392]" box="[813,1345,1367,1392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA010FFEBE40BFC95FA8EFC3BFADD" baselines="1385,1386" box="[813,954,1368,1391]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
. — Only known from the
<typeStatus id="549C886EFFEBE40BFB7CFA8EFB6FFAC3" box="[1220,1262,1368,1392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D6547FFEBE408FC95FA42FBB2F95F" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="507" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9836CCFFEBE40BFC95FA42FC3CFA1F" blockId="13.[811,1457,1428,2027]" box="[813,957,1428,1454]" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA010FFEBE40BFC95FA42FC3CFA1F" baselines="1447,1447" box="[813,957,1428,1454]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836CCFFEBE408FC95FA65FE08FA5E" blockId="13.[811,1457,1428,2027]" lastBlockId="14.[131,775,1363,1517]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="507" pageId="13" pageNumber="506">
Bulbous protoconch of 1.5 whorls. Teleoconch of up to
<quantity id="4CDF9B29FFEBE40BFC97FA05FC08FA5E" box="[815,905,1491,1517]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8-9 mm</quantity>
in height, up to
<quantity id="4CDF9B29FFEBE40BFBFAFA05FB05FA5E" box="[1090,1156,1491,1517]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="506" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
in width, composed of five elongated whorls. Spire high, weakly convex whorls. Last whorl up to 67% of total height. Apical angle 45°. Spiral sculpture with moderately marked primary cords. First to second whorl: no cord. Third whorl: appearance of P2 on base of whorl. Fourth whorl: appearance of IP and P1 (weak), presence of P2 and P3. Fifth whorl: IP, P1 to P5 on convex part of whorl, siphonal canal smooth. From first to second whorl, six lamellose protovarices extending between sutures. On third whorl, 6-7 protovarices. From fourth to fifth whorl, two thickened varices placed at periphery, 180° to each other, with two intervarices intercalated. Bivaricate morphology giving shell laterally compressed appearance. No cord spine, but only flat nodules at intersection between axial sculpture and major cords (P1 to P5). Aperture ovate, up 35% of diameter, up to 67% of height of last whorl (including siphonal canal). Columellar lip smooth poorly erect anteriorly. Outer lip with very weak internal denticles. Series of internal denticles including ID, D1 to D4. D5 and D6 not developed. Pseudo-umbilicus narrow. Siphonal canal up to 35% of apertural lenght. Remains of intritacalx near varices.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF586644FFE8E408FF3CFB49FDC0FAB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13985770" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13985770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13985770/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="507" startId="14.[132,143,1183,1200]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1138]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9836CCFFE8E408FF3CFB49FDC0FAB9" blockId="14.[132,1457,1183,1290]" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA010FFE8E408FF3CFB49FF1CFB1C" baselines="1196,1196" box="[132,157,1183,1200]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 5. — Spiral cords in
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FEF7FB49FE64FB03" authorityName="Merle &amp; Pacaud &amp; Ledon &amp; Goret" authorityYear="2024" box="[335,485,1183,1200]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Trubatsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="507" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ganensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FEF7FB49FE64FB03" box="[335,485,1183,1200]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">Trubatsa ganensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057A5FFE8E408FE52FB49FD9BFB03" box="[490,538,1183,1200]" pageId="14" pageNumber="507" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FD9AFB49FDC5FB03" bold="true" box="[546,580,1183,1200]" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">A -D</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FDEAFB49FCD0FB03" authority="(d'Orbigny, 1850)" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[594,849,1183,1200]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Nucellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="507" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parisiensis">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FDEAFB49FD3FFB03" box="[594,702,1183,1200]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">T. parisiensis</emphasis>
(d’Orbigny, 1850)
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FCE3FB49FCE6FB03" bold="true" box="[859,871,1183,1200]" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">E</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FCC9FB49FCFDFB03" bold="true" box="[881,892,1183,1200]" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">F</emphasis>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FC12FB49FBB0FB03" authorityName="Merle &amp; Pacaud &amp; Ledon &amp; Goret" authorityYear="2024" box="[938,1073,1183,1200]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Trubatsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="507" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="calviniacensis" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FC12FB49FBB0FB03" box="[938,1073,1183,1200]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">T. calviniacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057A5FFE8E408FB8DFB49FBE4FB03" box="[1077,1125,1183,1200]" pageId="14" pageNumber="507" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FBD5FB49FBFAFB03" bold="true" box="[1133,1147,1183,1200]" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">G</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FB3DFB49FB12FB03" bold="true" box="[1157,1171,1183,1200]" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">H</emphasis>
):
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FB19FB49FB2FFB03" bold="true" box="[1185,1198,1183,1200]" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FB00FB49FB44FB03" bold="true" box="[1208,1221,1183,1200]" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">B</emphasis>
, holotype, MNHN.F.A90520 (Varone coll.), Gan (Tuilerie), Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Aquitaine Basin, France, early Eocene (Ypresian);
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FC69FB63FC5EFB75" bold="true" box="[977,991,1205,1222]" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">C</emphasis>
, paratype, MNHN.F.A90518 (
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FB6EFB63FA84FB75" authorityName="Merle &amp; Pacaud &amp; Ledon &amp; Goret" authorityYear="2024" box="[1238,1285,1205,1222]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="543" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" status="subfam. nov." subFamily="Merle">Merle</taxonomicName>
coll.), Gan (Tuilerie);
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FF3CFB1AFF13FB6E" bold="true" box="[132,146,1228,1245]" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">D</emphasis>
, paratype, MNHN.F.A90517 (
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FE3EFB1AFE34FB6E" authorityName="Merle &amp; Pacaud &amp; Ledon &amp; Goret" authorityYear="2024" box="[390,437,1228,1245]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="543" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" status="subfam. nov." subFamily="Merle">Merle</taxonomicName>
coll.), Gan (Tuilerie);
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FDDAFB1AFDEFFB6E" bold="true" box="[610,622,1228,1245]" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">E</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FDC0FB1AFD02FB6E" bold="true" box="[632,643,1228,1245]" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">F</emphasis>
, Alan Morton coll., Upper Barton Bed H, Barton-Highcliff, United Kingdom, middle Eocene (Bartonian);
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FF0EFB35FF45FB47" bold="true" box="[182,196,1251,1268]" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">G</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FF77FB35FF5CFB47" bold="true" box="[207,221,1251,1268]" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">H</emphasis>
, holotype, MNHN.F.A25590 (Pacaud coll.) Cauvigny (Châteaurouge), Oise, Paris Basin, France, middle Eocene (Lutetian). Scale bars: 5 mm. Credits: A-D, G, H, P. Loubry (MNHN/CNRS); E, F, A. Morton.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9836CCFFE8E408FF3CF9C5FEA5F998" blockId="14.[130,775,1555,2027]" box="[132,292,1555,1581]" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA010FFE8E408FF3CF9C5FEA5F998" baselines="1574,1574" box="[132,292,1555,1581]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Comparisons" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">COMPARISONS</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836CCFFE8E408FF3CF9E4FBB2F95F" blockId="14.[130,775,1555,2027]" lastBlockId="14.[811,1456,1363,1772]" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">
All other members of the subgenera of
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FD8EF9E5FD45F9FF" authorityName="Monterosato" authorityYear="1890" box="[566,708,1587,1612]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Dermomurex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="507" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FD8EF9E5FD45F9FF" box="[566,708,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">Dermomurex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FD6CF9E5FF67F9DF" authorityName="Monterosato" authorityYear="1890" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Dermomurex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="507" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FD6CF9E5FF67F9DF" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">Dermomurex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FF4DF985FE92F9DF" box="[245,275,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">s.s.</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FE91F984FD80F9DE" authority="Kuroda, 1953" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1953" box="[297,513,1618,1645]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Takia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="507" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FE91F984FEE4F9DF" box="[297,357,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">Takia</emphasis>
Kuroda, 1953
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FD8DF985FF3EF93F" authority="E. H. Vokes, 1974" authorityName="E. H. Vokes" authorityYear="1974" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Viator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="507" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FD8DF985FDF9F9DF" box="[565,632,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">Viator</emphasis>
E. H. Vokes, 1974
</taxonomicName>
] are characterized by a series of internal denticles containing ID, D1 to D5 or D6, whilst D5 and D6 are missing in the two known species of this subgenus:
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FD52F965FD27F95E" authority="(Hertlein &amp; Strong, 1951)" baseAuthorityName="Hertlein &amp; Strong" baseAuthorityYear="1951" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Aspella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="507" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bakeri" subGenus="Gracilimurex">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FD52F965FC86F97F" box="[746,775,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">D.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FF36F904FE9CF95F" box="[142,285,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">Gracilimurex</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FE96F904FEF3F95F" box="[302,370,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">bakeri</emphasis>
(Hertlein &amp; Strong, 1951)
</taxonomicName>
, Recent, Eastern Pacific (Gulf of California) and
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FDE0F925FE0BF89F" authority="(McGinty, 1940)" baseAuthorityName="McGinty" baseAuthorityYear="1940" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Dermomurex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="507" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elisabethae" subGenus="Gracilimurex">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FDE0F925FDF5F8BF" box="[600,628,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">D.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FD30F924FD22F8BF" box="[648,675,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">G.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FD0EF924FF33F89F" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">elisabethae</emphasis>
(McGinty, 1940)
</taxonomicName>
, Pleistocene to Recent, Western Atlantic (Florida,
<collectingCountry id="F330765CFFE8E408FEEFF8E7FE30F8F8" box="[343,433,1841,1867]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">Mexico</collectingCountry>
). Nevertheless, only
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FD1BF8E4FEE4F8D8" authorityName="Merle &amp; Pacaud &amp; Ledon &amp; Goret" authorityYear="2024" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Dermomurex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="507" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ligerianus" status="n. sp." subGenus="Gracilimurex">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FD1BF8E4FD41F8F8" box="[675,704,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">D.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FD6BF8E4FF68F8D8" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">Gracilimurex</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FF44F887FEE4F8D8" box="[252,357,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">ligerianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057A5FFE8E408FED7F884FE2FF8DF" box="[367,430,1874,1900]" pageId="14" pageNumber="507" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
bears a poorly developed D5, but this character state, restricted in this old species of
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FD52F8A4FC86F838" box="[746,775,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">D.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FF36F847FE9EF818" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1929" box="[142,287,1937,1963]" pageId="14" pageNumber="506" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Gracilimurex">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FF36F847FE9EF818" box="[142,287,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">Gracilimurex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), could be interpreted as the retention of the primitive state, the derived state being the loss of this denticle. The bivaricate morphology found in
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FD1BF804FD3EF858" box="[675,703,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">D.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FD6BF807FC13FADE" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1929" box="[723,914,1363,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="506" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Gracilimurex">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FD6BF807FC13FADE" box="[723,914,1363,2027]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">Gracilimurex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is unique in
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FB95FA82FB3AFADE" authorityName="Monterosato" authorityYear="1890" box="[1069,1211,1364,1389]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Dermomurex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="507" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FB95FA82FB3AFADE" box="[1069,1211,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">Dermomurex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and can be compared to
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FCF5FAA5FC18FA3E" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1877" box="[845,921,1395,1421]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Aspella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="507" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FCF5FAA5FC18FA3E" box="[845,921,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">Aspella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, it appears early during ontogeny in
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FC96FA45FCFBFA1E" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1877" box="[814,890,1427,1453]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Aspella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="507" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FC96FA45FCFBFA1E" box="[814,890,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">Aspella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas it appears later (on the penultimate or the last whorl) in
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FC44FA62FB99FA7E" box="[1020,1048,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">D.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FB91FA65FB39FA7E" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1929" box="[1065,1208,1459,1485]" pageId="14" pageNumber="506" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Gracilimurex">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FB91FA65FB39FA7E" box="[1065,1208,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">Gracilimurex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B3DFFE8E408FAD7FA65FC28FA5E" author="VOKES E. H." pageId="14" pageNumber="507" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref48996" refString="VOKES E. H. 1992. - Cenozoic Muricidae of the Western Atlantic region, Part IX - Pterynotus, Poirieria, Aspella, Dermomurex, Calotrophon, Acantolabia, and Attiliosa; additions and corrections. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology 25 (1 - 3): 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1992">Vokes (1992: 72)</bibRefCitation>
, the shell ornamentation of
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FB51FA02FA87FA5E" box="[1257,1286,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">D.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FAAEFA05FA24FA5E" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1929" box="[1302,1445,1491,1517]" pageId="14" pageNumber="506" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Gracilimurex">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FAAEFA05FA24FA5E" box="[1302,1445,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">Gracilimurex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is more closely akin to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FBCBFA25FB7EF9BF" authorityName="Monterosato" authorityYear="1890" box="[1139,1279,1523,1548]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Dermomurex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="507" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FBCBFA25FB7EF9BF" box="[1139,1279,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">Dermomurex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FAA9FA25FAAEF9BF" box="[1297,1327,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">s.s.</emphasis>
), especially the group of the
<typeStatus id="549C886EFFE8E408FC59F9C5FB91F99E" box="[993,1040,1555,1581]" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">type</typeStatus>
species. The oldest record of
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FAE8F9C5FAEDF99F" box="[1360,1388,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">D.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FAC5F9C5FC13F9FF" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1929" pageId="14" pageNumber="506" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Gracilimurex">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FAC5F9C5FC13F9FF" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">Gracilimurex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) was
<taxonomicName id="4C274D4FFFE8E408FC6AF9E5FA95F9FF" baseAuthorityName="McGinty" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[978,1300,1586,1613]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Dermomurex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="507" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elisabethae" subGenus="Gracilimurex">
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FC6AF9E5FC6EF9FF" box="[978,1007,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">D.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FBB8F9E4FB0EF9FF" box="[1024,1167,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">Gracilimurex</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B953EADEFFE8E408FB18F9E4FA95F9FF" box="[1184,1300,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="507">elisabethae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, found in the Pleistocene (Calabrian, Bermont Formation) of Florida. Therefore, this new species from the Middle Miocene of Loire Basin predates the previous oldest record by 12 million years and expand the geographic range of the subgenus to the Eastern Atlantic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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