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<document id="8FA0A3520940CC1EFFD6A96C9B91373D" ID-CLB-Dataset="21940" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2014.96" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e66f3a54-e3b7-401f-9e4b-19ed26462e99" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3838898" ID-ZooBank="21EC0039-C374-47FA-AA88-46954CC7C5BD" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1590097335009" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Armenteros, Maickel, Ruiz-Abierno, Alexei &amp; Decraemer, Wilfrida" docDate="2014" docId="038E87B48E57076FFDE75AB0C3D9FCA0" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2014-96.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 96" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Spirinia parasitifera" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFB7FFCC8E430778FFA65861C232FFC2" masterDocTitle="Revision of Desmodorinae and Spiriniinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) with redescription of eight known species" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1698840813029" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="FDE3A455793FC935238DE56D5A49BE66">Revision of Desmodorinae and Spiriniinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) with redescription of eight known species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="11A2C0C4B65EAAEF29AB3CDBC7F406E2">Armenteros, Maickel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EB9918A0AB1393BA2F51E978F03AC67A">Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 16 Número 114, Playa, CP 11300, Habana, Cuba. Email: maickel @ cim. uh. cu (corresponding author) &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 869 FA 865 - 9251 - 489 D-B 399 - 1 BA 828530 C 6 D</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="04EEB458A443936A39038956B0B993AA">Ruiz-Abierno, Alexei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0691C24D903FCB7D74E9DC5EF0C80BFC">Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 16 Número 114, Playa, CP 11300, Habana, Cuba. Email: maickel @ cim. uh. cu (corresponding author) &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 4 D 8 DE 0 FF- 2 CC 1 - 4 DD 4 - BE 52 - 4 C 2 E 5 B 1527 DF</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F06419585754983CC3496E2B2348F413">Decraemer, Wilfrida</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B53646D8D02F58161E2BB8BB64998CF5">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, rue Vautier 29, B- 1000, Brussels, Belgium. alexei @ cim. uh. cu &amp; Biology Department, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B- 9000, Gent, Belgium. wilfrida. decraemer @ naturalsciences. be &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 61262451 - D 994 - 411 F- 8331 - 1 EB 9 AFACA 48 C</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="5EFCEF2CAF105691E3A3202404675C29">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038E87B48E57076FFDE75AB0C3D9FCA0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3852466" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164248081" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3852466" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87B48E57076FFDE75AB0C3D9FCA0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87B48E57076FFDE75AB0C3D9FCA0" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<subSubSection id="C33D65298E57076CFDE75AB0C1C0FD2E" box="[577,1010,721,748]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9836A28E57076CFDE75AB0C1C0FD2E" blockId="20.[577,1010,721,782]" box="[577,1010,721,748]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="D0D081CE8E57076CFDE75AB0C1C0FD2E" box="[577,1010,721,748]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D218E57076CFDE75AB0C1C0FD2E" authority="(Bastian, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Bastian" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[577,1010,721,748]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parasitifera">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E57076CFDE75AB0C104FD29" bold="true" box="[577,822,721,747]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Spirinia parasitifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B538E57076CFCE05AB0C1D8FD2E" author="Bastian H. C." box="[838,1002,721,748]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="73 - 184" refId="ref12251" refString="Bastian H. C. 1865. Monograph of the Anguillulidae, or Free Nematoids, Marine, Land, and Freshwater; with Descriptions of 100 New Species. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 25 (2): 73 - 184. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1865. tb 00179. x" type="journal article" year="1865">Bastian, 1865</bibRefCitation>
)
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<subSubSection id="C33D65298E57076CFD005A95C1BCFCCC" box="[678,910,756,782]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9836A28E57076CFD005A95C1BCFCCC" blockId="20.[577,1010,721,782]" box="[678,910,756,782]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<figureCitation id="131C2A278E57076CFD005A95C0CCFCCC" box="[678,766,756,782]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[286,1339,972,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[189,1398,971,1960]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 11. Spirinia parasitifera (Bastian, 1865). A. Anterior region of a juvenile. B. Posterior region of ♂." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3838920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3838920/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131C2A278E57076CFCAD5A95C119FCCC" box="[779,811,756,782]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,700,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[189,1399,700,1890]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 12. Spirinia parasitifera (Bastian, 1865), SEM microphotographs of ♂ (A, B &amp; C) and ♀ (D). A. Head in frontal view. B. Head in lateral view. C. Anal region with portion of protruding spicule. D. Vulva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3838922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3838922/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">12</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6A503198E57076CFC905A95C1BCFCCC" box="[822,910,756,782]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="21.[189,258,268,294]" captionTargetId="graphics@21.[189,1397,533,1554]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Table 2. Mean (range) of morphological measures for three nematode species of the subfamily Spiriniinae from the Punta Francés coral reef, Cuba. N = number of specimens, J = juvenile. For each variable the first row corresponds to males, the second to females and the third to juveniles. Abbreviations: a.b.d. = anal body diameter; Amp. Fovea c.b.d. = relation of amphidial fovea diameter to corresponding body diameter; de Man ratios are the relation of body length to body diameter (a), to pharynx length (b) and to tail length (c) respectively; c´ = relation of tail length to anal body diameter, V % = distance (relative to body length) of vulva to anterior end." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF58662A8E56076DFF1B596DC0A1FE3A" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" tableUuid="DF58662A8E56076DFF1B596DC0A1FE3A">Table 2</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9836A28E57076CFF1B5B57C048FC92" blockId="20.[189,683,821,918]" box="[189,634,821,848]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB37118C8E57076CFF1B5B57C048FC92" box="[189,634,821,848]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8610B38E57076CFF1B5B57C044FC92" author="Bastian H. C." box="[189,630,821,848]" page="159" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1865">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D218E57076CFF1B5B57C044FC92" ID-CoL="8964C" authority="Bastian, 1865: 159" authorityName="Bastian" authorityPageNumber="159" authorityYear="1865" box="[189,630,821,848]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parasitifera">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E57076CFF1B5B57C3BDFC92" box="[189,399,822,848]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Spira parasitifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B538E57076CFE305B54C044FC92" author="Bastian H. C." box="[406,630,821,848]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="73 - 184" refId="ref12251" refString="Bastian H. C. 1865. Monograph of the Anguillulidae, or Free Nematoids, Marine, Land, and Freshwater; with Descriptions of 100 New Species. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 25 (2): 73 - 184. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1865. tb 00179. x" type="journal article" year="1865">Bastian, 1865: 159</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836A28E57076CFF1B5B38C099FCB1" blockId="20.[189,683,821,918]" box="[189,683,857,883]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB37118C8E57076CFF1B5B38C099FCB1" box="[189,683,857,883]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8610B38E57076CFF1B5B38C095FCB1" author="Butschli D." box="[189,679,857,883]" page="47" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1874">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D218E57076CFF1B5B38C095FCB1" authority="Butschli, 1874: 47" authorityName="Butschli" authorityPageNumber="47" authorityYear="1874" box="[189,679,857,883]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Spiliphera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="oxycephala">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E57076CFF1B5B38C3F7FCB1" box="[189,453,857,883]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Spiliphera oxycephala</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B538E57076CFE6D5B38C095FCB1" author="Butschli D." box="[459,679,857,883]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="237 - 292" refId="ref12432" refString="Butschli D. 1874. Zur Kenntnis der freilebenden Nematoden, insbesondere der des Kieler Hafens. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 9 (3). 237 - 292" type="journal article" year="1874">Bütschli, 1874: 47</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836A28E57076CFF1B5B1DC0B1FC54" blockId="20.[189,683,821,918]" box="[189,643,892,918]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB37118C8E57076CFF1B5B1DC0B1FC54" box="[189,643,892,918]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8610B38E57076CFF1B5B1DC04DFC54" author="Allgen C." box="[189,639,892,918]" page="60" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1933">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D218E57076CFF1B5B1DC04DFC54" authority="Allgen, 1933: 60" authorityName="Allgen" authorityPageNumber="60" authorityYear="1933" box="[189,639,892,918]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="nidrosiensis">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E57076CFF1B5B1DC382FC54" box="[189,432,892,918]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Spirinia nidrosiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B538E57076CFE135B1DC04DFC54" author="Allgen C." box="[437,639,892,918]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref11926" refString="Allgen C. 1933. Freilebende Nematoden aus dem Trondhjemsfjord. Capita Zoologica 4 (2): 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1933">Allgén, 1933: 60</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF58662A8E57076CFF1B5FB1C744F829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3838920" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3838920" box="[189,1398,2000,2027]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3838920/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[189,232,2000,2026]" targetBox="[286,1339,972,1958]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8B9836A28E57076CFF1B5FB1C744F829" blockId="20.[189,1398,2000,2027]" box="[189,1398,2000,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E57076CFF1B5FB1C325F829" bold="true" box="[189,279,2000,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C274D218E57076CFEB85FB0C0FFF829" authority="(Bastian, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Bastian" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[286,717,2000,2027]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parasitifera">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E57076CFEB85FB0C03CF829" box="[286,526,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Spirinia parasitifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B538E57076CFDBB5FB0C0F6F829" author="Bastian H. C." box="[541,708,2000,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="73 - 184" refId="ref12251" refString="Bastian H. C. 1865. Monograph of the Anguillulidae, or Free Nematoids, Marine, Land, and Freshwater; with Descriptions of 100 New Species. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 25 (2): 73 - 184. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1865. tb 00179. x" type="journal article" year="1865">Bastian, 1865</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E57076CFD715FB1C0DEF828" bold="true" box="[727,748,2000,2026]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A</emphasis>
. Anterior region of a juvenile.
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E57076CFBF35FB0C65BF829" bold="true" box="[1109,1129,2001,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">B</emphasis>
. Posterior region of ♂.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF58662A8E56076DFF1B596DC0A1FE3A" ID-Table-UUID="DF58662A8E56076DFF1B596DC0A1FE3A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF58662A8E56076DFF1B596DC0A1FE3A" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" targetBox="[197,1347,542,1553]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="8B9836A28E56076DFF1B596DC0A1FE3A" blockId="21.[189,1399,267,505]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E56076DFF1B596DC32FFEE7" bold="true" box="[189,285,267,294]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Table 2.</emphasis>
Mean (range) of morphological measures for three nematode species of the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C274D218E56076DFB50596AC745FEE7" authorityName="Gerlach &amp; Murphy" authorityYear="1965" box="[1270,1399,267,293]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spiriniinae">Spiriniinae</taxonomicName>
from the Punta Francés coral reef, Cuba. N = number of specimens, J = juvenile. For each variable the first row corresponds to males, the second to females and the third to juveniles. Abbreviations: a.b.d. = anal body diameter; Amp. Fovea c.b.d. = relation of amphidial fovea diameter to corresponding body diameter; de Man ratios are the relation of body length to body diameter (a), to pharynx length (b) and to tail length (c) respectively; c´ = relation of tail length to anal body diameter, V % = distance (relative to body length) of vulva to anterior end.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9836A28E56076DFF635A7FC721F9C0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<table id="F927C4028E56F887FF635A7FC771F9D3" box="[197,1347,542,1553]" gridcols="4" gridrows="14" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<tr id="351734E08E56F887FF635A7FC771FDF6" box="[197,1347,542,564]" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76C65D9C8E56F887FF635A7FC395FDF6" box="[197,423,542,564]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E56076DFF635A7FC35CFDF6" bold="true" box="[197,366,542,564]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Species/Variable</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C65D9C8E56F887FDAA5A7FC0CAFDF6" box="[524,760,542,564]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D218E56076DFDAA5A7FC0CAFDF1" authorityName="Wieser &amp; Hopper" authorityYear="1967" box="[524,760,542,564]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inaurita">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E56076DFDAA5A7FC0CAFDF1" bold="true" box="[524,760,542,564]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Chromaspirina inaurita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76C65D9C8E56F887FC925A7FC619FDF6" box="[820,1067,542,564]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D218E56076DFC925A7FC619FDF1" authorityName="Wieser" authorityYear="1954" box="[820,1067,542,564]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Paradesmodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="immersa">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E56076DFC925A7FC619FDF1" bold="true" box="[820,1067,542,564]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Paradesmodora immersa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76C65D9C8E56F887FBDC5A7FC771FDF6" box="[1146,1347,542,564]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D218E56076DFBDC5A7FC771FDF6" baseAuthorityName="Bastian" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[1146,1347,542,564]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parasitifera">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E56076DFBDC5A7FC771FDF6" bold="true" box="[1146,1347,542,564]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Spirinia parasitifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351734E08E56F887FF635A5FC771FD96" box="[197,1347,574,596]" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76C65D9C8E56F887FF635A5FC395FD96" box="[197,423,574,596]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">N</th>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FDAA5A5FC0CAFD96" box="[524,760,574,596]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 8 J</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FC925A5FC619FD96" box="[820,1067,574,596]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2 ♂♂, 4 J</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FBDC5A5FC771FD96" box="[1146,1347,574,596]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 3 J</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351734E08E56F887FF635A3FC705FD6C" box="[197,1335,606,686]" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76C65D9C8E56F887FF635A3FC395FD6C" box="[197,423,606,686]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E56076DFF635A0DC372FD43" bold="true" box="[197,320,620,641]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Body length</emphasis>
(µm)
</th>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FDAA5A3FC0CAFD6C" box="[524,760,606,686]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2380 (2110–2592) 2393 (1825–2701) 1226 (694–1744)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FC925A3FC619FD6C" box="[820,1067,606,686]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">1753 (1424–2081) – 914 (277–1635)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FBDC5A3FC771FD6C" box="[1146,1347,606,686]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2712 (1854–3570) 3300 (2803–3796) 1151 (1007–1307)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351734E08E56F887FF635AD6C721FCC5" box="[197,1299,695,775]" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76C65D9C8E56F887FF635AD6C395FCC5" box="[197,423,695,775]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">de Man ratio a</th>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FDAA5AD6C0CAFCC5" box="[524,760,695,775]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">59 (59–60) 53 (49–55) 39 (24–50)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FC925AD6C619FCC5" box="[820,1067,695,775]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">47 (37–58) – 30 (13–61)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FBDC5AD6C771FCC5" box="[1146,1347,695,775]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">39 (29–49) 43 (41–45) 28 (27–30)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351734E08E56F887FF635B70C771FCA2" box="[197,1347,785,864]" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76C65D9C8E56F887FF635B70C395FCA2" box="[197,423,785,864]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">de Man ratio b</th>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FDAA5B70C0CAFCA2" box="[524,760,785,864]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">19 (17–20) 20 (18–22) 12 (8–16)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FC925B70C619FCA2" box="[820,1067,785,864]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">14 (11–18) – 9 (5–13)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FBDC5B70C771FCA2" box="[1146,1347,785,864]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">21 (18–24) 23 (21–26) 9 (8–11)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351734E08E56F887FF635B0BC721FC78" box="[197,1299,874,954]" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76C65D9C8E56F887FF635B0BC395FC78" box="[197,423,874,954]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">de Man ratio c</th>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FDAA5B0BC0CAFC78" box="[524,760,874,954]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">23 (23–24) 30 (21–34) 17 (12–20)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FC925B0BC619FC78" box="[820,1067,874,954]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">24 (22–27) – 12 (5–22)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FBDC5B0BC771FC78" box="[1146,1347,874,954]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">25 (21–29) 25 (22–28) 18 (17–19)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351734E08E56F887FF635BA2C721FBD0" box="[197,1299,963,1042]" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76C65D9C8E56F887FF635BA2C395FBD0" box="[197,423,963,1042]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E56076DFF635BB0C34AFC25" bold="true" box="[197,376,977,999]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Amp. fovea c.b.d.</emphasis>
(%)
</th>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FDAA5BA2C0CAFBD0" box="[524,760,963,1042]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">38 (31–43) 36 (30–52) 29 (26–33)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FC925BA2C619FBD0" box="[820,1067,963,1042]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">54 (48–59) – 41 (38–47)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FBDC5BA2C771FBD0" box="[1146,1347,963,1042]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">36 (33–38) 37 (36–38) 42 (35–48)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351734E08E56F887FF635C7DC771FBAE" box="[197,1347,1052,1132]" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76C65D9C8E56F887FF635C7DC395FBAE" box="[197,423,1052,1132]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E56076DFF635C4AC351FB82" bold="true" box="[197,355,1067,1088]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pharynx length</emphasis>
(µm)
</th>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FDAA5C7DC0CAFBAE" box="[524,760,1052,1132]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">124 (121–129) 120 (100–129) 99 (81–119)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FC925C7DC619FBAE" box="[820,1067,1052,1132]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">124 (119–128) – 96 (53 – 130)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FBDC5C7DC771FBAE" box="[1146,1347,1052,1132]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">127 (102–151) 142 (136–148) 124 (122–125)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351734E08E56F887FF635C17C721FB04" box="[197,1299,1142,1222]" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76C65D9C8E56F887FF635C17C395FB04" box="[197,423,1142,1222]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E56076DFF635CE5C348FB5B" bold="true" box="[197,378,1156,1178]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Maximum body ø</emphasis>
(µm)
</th>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FDAA5C17C0CAFB04" box="[524,760,1142,1222]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">40 (36–43) 45 (33–45) 32 (20–43)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FC925C17C619FB04" box="[820,1067,1142,1222]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">38 (36–39) – 30 (22–44)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FBDC5C17C771FB04" box="[1146,1347,1142,1222]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">69 (65–73) 77 (62–92) 41 (34–46)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351734E08E56F887FF635CAEC717FADD" box="[197,1317,1231,1311]" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76C65D9C8E56F887FF635CAEC395FADD" box="[197,423,1231,1311]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E56076DFF635CBCC300FB31" bold="true" box="[197,306,1245,1267]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tail length</emphasis>
(µm)
</th>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FDAA5CAEC0CAFADD" box="[524,760,1231,1311]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">101 (92–109) 81 (69–89) 78 (60–96)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FC925CAEC619FADD" box="[820,1067,1231,1311]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">75 (52–97) – 71 (51–119)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FBDC5CAEC771FADD" box="[1146,1347,1231,1311]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">106 (88–123) 133 (130–137) 63 (60–68)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351734E08E56F887FF635D48C771FABA" box="[197,1347,1321,1400]" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76C65D9C8E56F887FF635D48C395FABA" box="[197,423,1321,1400]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tail length c´</th>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FDAA5D48C0CAFABA" box="[524,760,1321,1400]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2.9 (2.7–3.0) 2.6 (2.2–3.6) 2.7 (2.1–3.0)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FC925D48C619FABA" box="[820,1067,1321,1400]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2.6 (1.9–3.3) – 3.4 (2.0–4.3)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FBDC5D48C771FABA" box="[1146,1347,1321,1400]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2.2 (2.1–2.2) 2.7 (2.6–2.8) 2.2 (2.0–2.3)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351734E08E56F887FF635DE3C771FA5A" box="[197,1347,1410,1432]" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76C65D9C8E56F887FF635DE3C395FA5A" box="[197,423,1410,1432]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">V %</th>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FDAA5DE3C0CAFA5A" box="[524,760,1410,1432]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">55 (48–67)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FC925DE3C619FA5A" box="[820,1067,1410,1432]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">–</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FBDC5DE3C771FA5A" box="[1146,1347,1410,1432]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">51</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351734E08E56F887FF635DC0C771FA16" box="[197,1347,1441,1492]" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76C65D9C8E56F887FF635DC0C395FA16" box="[197,423,1441,1492]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E56076DFF635DC0C35EFA75" bold="true" box="[197,364,1441,1463]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Spiculum length</emphasis>
(µm)
</th>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FDAA5DC0C0CAFA16" box="[524,760,1441,1492]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">51 (50–52)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FC925DC0C619FA16" box="[820,1067,1441,1492]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">45 (34–55)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FBDC5DC0C771FA16" box="[1146,1347,1441,1492]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">81 (72–89)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351734E08E56F887FF635DBCC771F9D3" box="[197,1347,1501,1553]" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76C65D9C8E56F887FF635DBCC395F9D3" box="[197,423,1501,1553]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E56076DFF635DBCC395FA31" bold="true" box="[197,423,1501,1523]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Gubernaculum length</emphasis>
(µm)
</th>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FDAA5DBCC0CAF9D3" box="[524,760,1501,1553]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">24 (22–27)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FC925DBCC619F9D3" box="[820,1067,1501,1553]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">19 (18–20)</td>
<td id="76C65D9C8E56F887FBDC5DBCC771F9D3" box="[1146,1347,1501,1553]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">28 (25–31)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C33D65298E56076DFF1B5E3EC068F909" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9836A28E56076DFF1B5E3EC398F9BB" blockId="21.[189,426,1631,1657]" box="[189,426,1631,1657]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D0D081CE8E56076DFF1B5E3EC398F9BB" bold="true" box="[189,426,1631,1657]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E56076DFF1B5E3EC398F9BB" bold="true" box="[189,426,1631,1657]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836A28E56076DFF1B5EEFC068F909" blockId="21.[189,1398,1677,1739]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<specimenCount id="9D21FD2B8E56076DFF1B5EEFC332F96A" box="[189,256,1678,1704]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D21FD2B8E56076DFEAA5EEFC37CF96A" box="[268,334,1678,1704]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D21FD2B8E56076DFE235EEFC035F965" box="[389,519,1677,1704]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="juvenile">3 juveniles</specimenCount>
, deposited in the nematode collection at Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de
<collectingRegion id="49E3F8408E56076DFED35ED0C3C4F909" box="[373,502,1713,1739]" country="Cuba" name="La Habana" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">La Habana</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33076328E56076DFDA75ED0C064F909" box="[513,598,1713,1739]" name="Cuba" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">CUBA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D65298E56076EFF1B5E93C682FE0E" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9836A28E56076DFF1B5E93C37CF8CE" blockId="21.[189,334,1778,1804]" box="[189,334,1778,1804]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D0D081CE8E56076DFF1B5E93C37CF8CE" bold="true" box="[189,334,1778,1804]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E56076DFF1B5E93C37CF8CE" bold="true" box="[189,334,1778,1804]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836A28E56076DFF1B5F40C773F829" blockId="21.[189,1399,1825,2027]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Cuticle finely striated in the anterior region (annuli ~ 1 μm width) but even narrower in the mid-body and tail region. Inner and outer labial sensilla papilliform (1–2 μm long), four cephalic setae (7–10 μm long) at level of amphidial fovea. Amphidial fovea cryptospiral located forward in the head (&lt;6 μm from apex). Eight longitudinal rows of somatic setae decreasing in length from the cervical region (7–10 μm long) to papillae at mid-body and tail region. Pharynx muscular with posterior bulb and internal lining sclerotized. Cardia inconspicuous. Secretory-excretory system not observable. Tail conical, last portion without striations.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836A28E55076EFF1B596AC00AFE8A" blockId="22.[189,1398,267,328]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<collectingRegion id="49E3F8408E55076EFF1B596AC2CBFEE7" box="[189,249,267,293]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Male</collectingRegion>
monorchic; spicules strongly bent, with capitulum, gubernaculum a bent rod dorsally oriented; without precloacal supplements.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836A28E55076EFF1B5911C6BCFE48" blockId="22.[189,1166,368,394]" box="[189,1166,368,394]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Female didelphic, amphidelphic with reflexed ovaries, vulva a transversal aperture.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836A28E55076EFF1B59D0C682FE0E" blockId="22.[189,1200,433,460]" box="[189,1200,433,460]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Juveniles are similar to adults, except for the development of the reproductive system.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D65298E55076FFF1B5992C3D9FCA0" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9836A28E55076EFF1B5992C31DFDCF" blockId="22.[189,303,499,525]" box="[189,303,499,525]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="D0D081CE8E55076EFF1B5992C31DFDCF" bold="true" box="[189,303,499,525]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E55076EFF1B5992C31DFDCF" bold="true" box="[189,303,499,525]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836A28E55076FFF1B5A43C053FD84" blockId="22.[189,1399,545,642]" lastBlockId="23.[189,1399,267,582]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D218E55076EFF1B5A43C35AFDFE" baseAuthorityName="Bastian" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[189,360,546,572]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parasitifera">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E55076EFF1B5A43C35AFDFE" box="[189,360,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S. parasitifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a cosmopolitan species recorded from several habitats and biogeographical regions.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B538E55076EFF1B5A25C367FD9D" author="Coles J. W." box="[189,341,580,607]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="79 - 101" refId="ref12559" refString="Coles J. W. 1987. Observations on the marine nematode genus Spirinia Gerlach, 1963 (Desmodoridae: Spiriniinae) with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Zoology 53 (2): 79 - 101." type="journal article" year="1987">Coles (1987)</bibRefCitation>
noted that the main differences among populations from widely divergent coasts (
<collectingCountry id="F33076328E55076EFAAA5A25C740FD9C" box="[1292,1394,580,606]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">England</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33076328E55076EFF1B5A09C327FD40" box="[189,277,616,642]" name="Canada" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Canada</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F33076328E55076EFEF45A09C3BCFD40" box="[338,398,616,642]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">USA</collectingCountry>
) were the shape of the proximal end of the spicules and the body size. He reported that specimens from warmer waters (
<collectingRegion id="49E3F8408E54076FFDD1596AC0FDFEE4" box="[631,719,267,294]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Florida</collectingRegion>
) had smaller body size (males:
<quantity id="4CDF9B478E54076FFBEB596AC737FEE4" box="[1101,1285,267,294]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.15" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="1900.0" valueMax="2150.0" valueMin="1650.0">1650–2150 µm</quantity>
; females:
<quantity id="4CDF9B478E54076FFF1B594EC34AFE88" box="[189,376,303,330]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" metricValueMax="1.91" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="1780.0" valueMax="1910.0" valueMin="1650.0">1650–1910 µm</quantity>
) compared to specimens from temperate waters (males:
<quantity id="4CDF9B478E54076FFBE55951C732FE88" box="[1091,1280,304,330]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="2650.0" valueMax="3300.0" valueMin="2000.0">2000–3300 µm</quantity>
; females:
<quantity id="4CDF9B478E54076FFF1B5935C345FEAC" box="[189,375,340,366]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="3.18" metricValueMin="2.02" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="2600.0" valueMax="3180.0" valueMin="2020.0">2020–3180 µm</quantity>
). However, our specimens from a tropical area (Caribbean Sea) had body size closer to those from colder waters (males:
<quantity id="4CDF9B478E54076FFDD45919C119FE50" box="[626,811,376,403]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7119999999999997" metricValueMax="3.5700000000000003" metricValueMin="1.8539999999999999" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="2712.0" valueMax="3570.0" valueMin="1854.0">1854–3570 µm</quantity>
; females:
<quantity id="4CDF9B478E54076FFC015919C653FE50" box="[935,1121,376,402]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2994999999999997" metricValueMax="3.796" metricValueMin="2.803" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="3299.5" valueMax="3796.0" valueMin="2803.0">2803–3796 µm</quantity>
). Therefore, a negative relationship between water temperature and body size is not plausible for this species. For some species we studied in this paper this negative relationships is supported (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C274D218E54076FFBB559A1C75DFE18" authorityName="Wieser" authorityYear="1954" box="[1043,1391,448,474]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Acanthopharynx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="denticulatus">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E54076FFBB559A1C75DFE18" box="[1043,1391,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Acanthopharynx denticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C274D218E54076FFF1B5985C3DBFE3C" authorityName="Wieser" authorityYear="1954" box="[189,489,484,510]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Paradesmodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="immersa">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E54076FFF1B5985C3DBFE3C" box="[189,489,484,510]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Paradesmodora immersa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) but not for other (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C274D218E54076FFCB75984C636FE3C" baseAuthorityName="Bastian" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[785,1028,484,511]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parasitifera">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E54076FFCB75984C636FE3C" box="[785,1028,484,511]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Spirinia parasitifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C274D218E54076FFBB25985C71DFE3C" authorityName="Wieser &amp; Hopper" authorityYear="1967" box="[1044,1327,484,510]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inaurita">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E54076FFBB25985C71DFE3C" box="[1044,1327,484,510]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Chromaspirina inaurita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The considerable geographic variation in the morphology of
<taxonomicName id="4C274D218E54076FFCE85A68C1C4FDE1" baseAuthorityName="Bastian" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[846,1014,521,547]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parasitifera">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E54076FFCE85A68C1C4FDE1" box="[846,1014,521,547]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S. parasitifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggests the existence of cryptic species within this nominal species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF58662A8E55076EFF1B5FEBC31CF829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3838922" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3838922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3838922/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[189,232,1930,1956]" targetBox="[189,1399,700,1890]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="8B9836A28E55076EFF1B5FEBC31CF829" blockId="22.[189,1399,1930,2027]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E55076EFF1B5FEBC32EF866" bold="true" box="[189,284,1930,1956]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C274D218E55076EFE815FEAC0D2F867" authority="(Bastian, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Bastian" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[295,736,1930,1957]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parasitifera">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E55076EFE815FEAC029F866" box="[295,539,1930,1957]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Spirinia parasitifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B538E55076EFD8B5FEBC0E4F867" author="Bastian H. C." box="[557,726,1930,1957]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="73 - 184" refId="ref12251" refString="Bastian H. C. 1865. Monograph of the Anguillulidae, or Free Nematoids, Marine, Land, and Freshwater; with Descriptions of 100 New Species. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 25 (2): 73 - 184. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1865. tb 00179. x" type="journal article" year="1865">Bastian, 1865</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, SEM microphotographs of ♂ (A, B &amp; C) and ♀ (D).
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E55076EFF1B5FCCC2E0F805" bold="true" box="[189,210,1965,1991]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
. Head in frontal view.
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E55076EFE485FCFC030F80A" bold="true" box="[494,514,1966,1992]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B</emphasis>
. Head in lateral view.
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E55076EFCBE5FCCC11FF805" bold="true" box="[792,813,1965,1991]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C</emphasis>
. Anal region with portion of protruding spicule.
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E55076EFF1B5FB0C2E0F829" bold="true" box="[189,210,2001,2027]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">D</emphasis>
. Vulva.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9836A28E54076FFF1B5A0EC3D9FCA0" blockId="23.[189,1399,623,866]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Another rare sympatric species, belonging to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C274D218E54076FFCEE5A0EC195FD4B" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[840,935,623,649]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E54076FFCEE5A0EC195FD4B" box="[840,935,623,649]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has been recorded in our samples with only two specimens. The species was characterized by the small body size (male:
<quantity id="4CDF9B478E54076FFB0B5AF2C73DFD6C" box="[1197,1295,659,686]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.859999999999999" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="686.0">686 µm</quantity>
; female:
<quantity id="4CDF9B478E54076FFF1B5AD6C328FD10" box="[189,282,695,722]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.84" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="684.0">684 µm</quantity>
) and two kinds of somatic setae (long: 28–35 μm and short 5–8 μm). It is closer to
<taxonomicName id="4C274D218E54076FFB535AD9C3C1FD34" authority="Ott, 1977" authorityName="Ott" authorityYear="1977" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gnaigeri">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E54076FFB535AD9C744FD13" box="[1269,1398,696,722]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S. gnaigeri</emphasis>
Ott, 1977 (Ott 1977: 134)
</taxonomicName>
; however, body size of
<typeStatus id="549C88008E54076FFCB65ABDC171FD34" box="[784,835,732,758]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
specimens in
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B538E54076FFC485ABDC658FD34" author="Ott J. A." box="[1006,1130,732,758]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="463 - 496" refId="ref13699" refString="Ott J. A. 1972. Twelve New Species of Nematodes from an Intertidal Sandflat in North Carolina. Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 57 (3): 463 - 496. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / iroh. 19720570307" type="journal article" year="1972">Ott (1972)</bibRefCitation>
is larger (males:
<quantity id="4CDF9B478E54076FFA9A5ABAC32CFCD8" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.865" metricValueMax="9.129999999999999" metricValueMin="8.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="886.5" valueMax="913.0" valueMin="860.0">860– 913 µm</quantity>
; females:
<quantity id="4CDF9B478E54076FFE3C5A9EC001FCD8" box="[410,563,767,794]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.955" metricValueMax="9.55" metricValueMin="8.36" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="895.5" valueMax="955.0" valueMin="836.0">836–955 µm</quantity>
) and the length of both somatic setae shorter (long setae:
<quantity id="4CDF9B478E54076FFB555B61C740FCD8" box="[1267,1394,768,794]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="21.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="20.0">20–22 µm</quantity>
; short setae:
<quantity id="4CDF9B478E54076FFEEE5B45C395FCFC" box="[328,423,804,831]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 µm</quantity>
). However, more specimens should be examined in order to evaluate if this is really a new species of
<taxonomicName id="4C274D218E54076FFE235B29C3D6FCA0" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[389,484,840,866]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EAB08E54076FFE235B29C3D6FCA0" box="[389,484,840,866]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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