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<mods:title id="E30C4F178E6D3CD3167CF910D21B1D18">Contributions to the knowledge of Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata): a new diagnosis of the family, the first global male-based key to subfamilies, and a treatment of early branching lineages</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFF88B145FDBEF8ECFBE61815" blockId="32.[526,1138,1799,1825]" box="[526,1138,1799,1825]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="D0D081F6FF88B145FDBEF8ECFBE61815" box="[526,1138,1799,1825]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Subfamily 
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FD26F8ECFCBE1815" bold="true" box="[662,810,1799,1825]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Martialinae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF88B145FC82F8ECFBE61815" author="Rabeling C. &amp; Brown J. M. &amp; Verhaagh M." box="[818,1138,1799,1825]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="14913 - 14917" refId="ref32411" refString="Rabeling C., Brown J. M. &amp; Verhaagh M. 2008. Newly discovered sister lineage sheds light on early ant evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences B 105: 14913 - 14917. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0806187105" type="journal article" year="2008">Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33D6511FF88B145FF53F8A3FA191856" box="[227,1421,1864,1891]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF88B145FF53F8A3FA191856" blockId="32.[227,1421,1864,1891]" box="[227,1421,1864,1891]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FF53F8A3FC1A1856" authority="Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, in Rabeling et al. 2008" authorityName="Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, in Rabeling" authorityYear="2008" box="[227,910,1864,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Martialinae">
Martialinae Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF88B145FD2CF8A3FC1A1856" author="Rabeling C. &amp; Brown J. M. &amp; Verhaagh M." box="[668,910,1864,1891]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="14913 - 14917" refId="ref32411" refString="Rabeling C., Brown J. M. &amp; Verhaagh M. 2008. Newly discovered sister lineage sheds light on early ant evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences B 105: 14913 - 14917. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0806187105" type="journal article" year="2008">
Rabeling 
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FCBDF8A2FCD51856" box="[781,833,1864,1890]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: 14913. Type-genus: 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FB39F8A3FB621856" box="[1161,1270,1864,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Martialis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FB39F8A3FB621856" box="[1161,1270,1864,1890]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Martialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D6511FF88B144FF53F861FD781A2B" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF88B145FF53F861FD611890" blockId="32.[227,757,1929,1956]" box="[227,757,1929,1956]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="D0D081F6FF88B145FF53F861FD611890" bold="true" box="[227,757,1929,1956]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FF53F861FD611890" bold="true" box="[227,757,1929,1956]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Apomorphies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FE03F861FDD31890" box="[435,583,1930,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Martialinae">Martialinae</taxonomicName>
and 
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FF88B145FD36F862FD611890" bold="true" box="[646,757,1929,1956]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Martialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF88B145FF53F852FA0818C1" blockId="32.[227,1436,1976,2038]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Note: Character states indicated here are generally apomorphic for the 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF88B145FBA2F853FB0C18E6" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[1042,1176,1976,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
given 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF88B145FB55F853FA0818E6" author="Bolton B." box="[1253,1436,1976,2002]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 370" refId="ref30019" refString="Bolton B. 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71: 1 - 370." type="journal article" year="2003">Bolton’s (2003)</bibRefCitation>
synthesis of plesiomorphies (appendix 3; presented below in brackets) and novel observations. These
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF89B144FF53FEDBFAE31E59" blockId="33.[227,1437,304,366]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
apomorphies may or may not be unique synapomorphies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF89B144FC28FEDAFB8F1E7E" box="[920,1051,304,330]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Martialis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heureka">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FC28FEDAFB8F1E7E" box="[920,1051,304,330]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M. heureka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but are of high diagnostic value. Worker-based states may also apply to the gyne, which at present is unknown. Larvae are unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF89B144FF53FE7EFC161EE6" blockId="33.[227,1437,405,1311]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
1. Mandibles more-or-less linear, elongate, not crossing at rest (worker), mandibles narrowly linear (male) (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF89B144FEDDFE53FE2A1EE6" box="[365,446,440,466]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A–B) (note 1). [Mandibles triangular.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF89B144FF53FE30FEF81D6B" blockId="33.[227,1437,405,1311]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">2. Labrum with pair of trigger-hair-like setae at basolateral corners of sclerite, before margin curves distally, and situated at about lateral margin of lateral torular arch in anteroventral view; these setae directed dorsolaterally, contacting basal mandibular margin (worker) (note 2). [Labral trigger-hairs absent.]</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF89B144FF53FD83FBC01DB6" blockId="33.[227,1437,405,1311]" box="[227,1108,615,643]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3. Clypeus strongly reduced (worker) (note 3). [Clypeus well-developed.]</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF89B144FF53FD60FD211DFD" blockId="33.[227,1437,405,1311]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">4. Medial clypeal portion covered with dense patch of erect, linear setae projecting anteriorly (worker) (note 3). [Dense setal patch absent.]</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF89B144FF53FD3AFE331C3B" blockId="33.[227,1437,405,1311]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">5. Antennal toruli exposed in dorsal view (worker) (note 4). [Antennal toruli partially concealed in dorsal view.]</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF89B144FF53FCF3FC271C62" blockId="33.[227,1437,405,1311]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">6. Antennal toruli situated at and projecting anteriorly beyond anterior clypeal margin (worker) (note 5). [Antennal toruli distant from anterior clypeal margin.]</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF89B144FF53FCB4FC5F1CA8" blockId="33.[227,1437,405,1311]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">7. Antennal toruli situated anterior to line drawn between anterior tentorial pits (worker) (note 5). [Antennal toruli situated posterior to anterior tentorial pits.]</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF89B144FF53FC4EFA191C8B" blockId="33.[227,1437,405,1311]" box="[227,1421,932,960]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">8. Antennal toruli dorsoventrally elongated (worker) (note 6). [Antennal toruli dorsoventrally short.]</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF89B144FF53FC23FD241B32" blockId="33.[227,1437,405,1311]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">9. Frons bulging medially posterior to posterior clypeal margin and between antennal toruli (worker). [Frons not bulging anteromedially.]</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF89B144FF53FBE5FBA11B1D" blockId="33.[227,1437,405,1311]" box="[227,1077,1038,1065]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">10. Compound eyes absent (worker) (note 7). [Compound eyes present.]</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF89B144FF53FBD9FCD31B5B" blockId="33.[227,1437,405,1311]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
11. Petiole completely tergosternally fused, without externally visible suture (worker, male) (note 8) (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF89B144FEA9FBBEFE171B5B" box="[281,387,1109,1135]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
). [Petiole without tergosternal fusion.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF89B144FF53FB93FC7D1BA6" blockId="33.[227,1437,405,1311]" box="[227,1001,1144,1171]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">12. Abdominal segment III tergosternally fused (worker) (note 9).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF89B144FF53FB70FA851BED" blockId="33.[227,1437,405,1311]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">13. Abdominal segment III reduced in size relative to segment IV, to which it is still broadly attached (worker) (note 10). [Abdominal segment III not reduced in size relative to segment IV.]</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF89B144FF53FB09FD781A2B" blockId="33.[227,1437,405,1311]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">14. Abdominal segment IV presclerite differentiated from postsclerite (worker) (note 11). [Abdominal segment IV presclerite undifferentiated.]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D6511FF89B147FF53FAADFC291DBC" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF89B144FF53FAADFE5E1A54" blockId="33.[227,458,1350,1376]" box="[227,458,1350,1376]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="D0D081F6FF89B144FF53FAADFE5E1A54" bold="true" box="[227,458,1350,1376]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FF53FAADFE5E1A54" bold="true" box="[227,458,1350,1376]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Notes on diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF89B144FF53FA9EFBCD1ABB" blockId="33.[227,1437,1397,1987]" box="[227,1113,1397,1423]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
1. Worker trait is character 1 of Rabeling 
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FD6AFA9DFC811ABB" box="[730,789,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
’s (2008) generic diagnosis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF89B144FF53FA73FEC8186C" blockId="33.[227,1437,1397,1987]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
2. The labrum of the worker is lateromedially broad, with the apical half populated by somewhat dense setae, while the basal half is glabrous except for a pair of elongate basolateral setae which are directed apicolaterally, toward the basal mandibular margins. These setae are reminiscent of the trigger-hairs of trap-jawed ants such as 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF89B144FD8DF9E9FD5A1928" box="[573,718,1538,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FD8DF9E9FD5A1928" box="[573,718,1538,1564]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Strumigenys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF89B144FCB4F9E9FCF3192F" box="[772,871,1538,1563]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Daceton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FCB4F9E9FCF3192F" box="[772,871,1538,1563]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Daceton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group, and the 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF89B144FBD0F9E9FA861928" box="[1120,1298,1538,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FBD0F9E9FA861928" box="[1120,1298,1538,1564]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Odontomachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF89B144FA92F9E9FA081928" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[1314,1436,1538,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FA92F9E9FA081928" box="[1314,1436,1538,1564]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Anochetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade (although the setae of the ponerines occur on the mandibles). At first blush it seems unlikely that 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF89B144FEF5F9A3FE261956" box="[325,434,1608,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Martialis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FEF5F9A3FE261956" box="[325,434,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Martialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a trap-jaw predator (
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Rabeling 
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FC8FF9A2FCEF1956" box="[831,891,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
), as the most well-studied trap-jaw ants (
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF89B144FEAAF987FE3F19B2" box="[282,427,1644,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FEAAF987FE3F19B2" box="[282,427,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Strumigenys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF89B144FE0CF987FD8B19B1" box="[444,543,1644,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Daceton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FE0CF987FD8B19B1" box="[444,543,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Daceton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group, 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF89B144FD7DF980FCEB19B1" box="[717,895,1643,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FD7DF980FCEB19B1" box="[717,895,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Odontomachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) all have mandibles, which are quite to very close-set compared to 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF89B144FDA3F965FD14199C" box="[531,640,1678,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Martialis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FDA3F965FD14199C" box="[531,640,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Martialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This does not preclude mandibular snapping, however, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF89B144FA9CF964FA08199C" box="[1324,1436,1679,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FA9CF964FA08199C" box="[1324,1436,1679,1704]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mystrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF89B144FEA8F95AFE2C19FF" author="Moffett M. W." box="[280,440,1713,1739]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="361 - 362" refId="ref32041" refString="Moffett M. W. 1986. Mandibles that snap: notes on the ant Mystrium camillae Emery. Biotropica 18: 361 - 362." type="journal article" year="1986">Moffett 1986</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF89B144FE74F95AFD4719F8" author="Gronenberg W. &amp; Holldobler B. &amp; Alpert G. D." box="[452,723,1713,1740]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="241 - 253" refId="ref31355" refString="Gronenberg W., Holldobler B. &amp; Alpert G. D. 1998. Jaws that snap: control of mandible movements in the ant Mystrium. Journal of Insect Physiology 44: 241 - 253. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0022 - 1910 (97) 00145 - 5" type="journal article" year="1998">
Gronenberg 
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FDE6F959FD0519F8" box="[598,657,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF89B144FCA4F959FB4A19F8" authority="(Holldobler &amp; Wilson 1990)" baseAuthorityName="Holldobler &amp; Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[788,1246,1713,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FCA4F959FC1819F8" box="[788,908,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Protanilla</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF89B144FC2AF95AFB4219F8" author="Holldobler B. &amp; Wilson E. O." box="[922,1238,1713,1740]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref31447" refString="Holldobler B. &amp; Wilson E. O. 1990. The Ants. Harvard University Press, Cambridge." type="book" year="1990">Hölldobler &amp; Wilson 1990</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
have mandibles capable of rapid, forceful closure. While no apparent mandibular locking mechanism has been identified for 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF89B144FE00F913FD891826" box="[432,541,1784,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Martialis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FE00F913FD891826" box="[432,541,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Martialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a detailed study of its internal morphology has yet to be done. The putative trigger setae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF89B144FE74F8F0FDA51801" box="[452,561,1819,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Martialis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FE74F8F0FDA51801" box="[452,561,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Martialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not resemble the trigger setae found in 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF89B144FBAFF8F0FECC186C" authority="(Holldobler &amp; Wilson 1990)" baseAuthorityName="Holldobler &amp; Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protanilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FBAFF8F0FB031801" box="[1055,1175,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Protanilla</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF89B144FB15F8F0FEDB186C" author="Holldobler B. &amp; Wilson E. O." pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref31447" refString="Holldobler B. &amp; Wilson E. O. 1990. The Ants. Harvard University Press, Cambridge." type="book" year="1990">Hölldobler &amp; Wilson 1990</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF89B144FF53F889FCA418AB" blockId="33.[227,1437,1397,1987]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
3. Characters 3 and 4 above were treated as character 
<quantity id="4CDF9B7FFF89B144FCDDF889FC0E184F" box="[877,922,1889,1916]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
the subfamilial diagnosis of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF89B144FB40F88AFEF618AB" author="Rabeling C. &amp; Brown J. M. &amp; Verhaagh M." pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="14913 - 14917" refId="ref32411" refString="Rabeling C., Brown J. M. &amp; Verhaagh M. 2008. Newly discovered sister lineage sheds light on early ant evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences B 105: 14913 - 14917. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0806187105" type="journal article" year="2008">
Rabeling 
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FAD1F889FA081848" box="[1377,1436,1890,1916]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
. Here they are considered independent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF89B144FF53F843FC1018F7" blockId="33.[227,1437,1397,1987]" box="[227,900,1960,1987]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
4. Part of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF89B144FED7F843FDFC18F6" author="Rabeling C. &amp; Brown J. M. &amp; Verhaagh M." box="[359,616,1960,1986]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="14913 - 14917" refId="ref32411" refString="Rabeling C., Brown J. M. &amp; Verhaagh M. 2008. Newly discovered sister lineage sheds light on early ant evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences B 105: 14913 - 14917. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0806187105" type="journal article" year="2008">
Rabeling 
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF89B144FE68F842FD8718F6" box="[472,531,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
subfamilial character 5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FEDAFECF1EA6" blockId="34.[227,1436,305,648]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
5. In addition to 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF8AB147FE08FEDAFDB11E7F" box="[440,549,305,331]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Martialis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8AB147FE08FEDAFDB11E7F" box="[440,549,305,331]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Martialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the only ants with antennal toruli situated anterior to the anterior tentorial pits are homoplastically derived in the proceratiine genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF8AB147FC0FFEBFFBEF1E5A" box="[959,1147,340,366]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Probolomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8AB147FC0FFEBFFBEF1E5A" box="[959,1147,340,366]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Probolomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF8AB147FB04FEBFFECC1EA6" authority="(Keller 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Keller" baseAuthorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8AB147FB04FEBFFAD61E5A" box="[1204,1346,340,366]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Discothyrea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF8AB147FAE1FEBFFEDA1EA6" author="Keller R. A." pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref31675" refString="Keller R. A. 2011. A phylogenetic analysis of ant morphology (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with special reference to the poneromorph subfamilies. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 355: 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="2011">Keller 2011</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FE70FC7B1E81" blockId="34.[227,1436,305,648]" box="[227,1007,411,437]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
6. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF8AB147FEA0FE70FD851E81" author="Rabeling C. &amp; Brown J. M. &amp; Verhaagh M." box="[272,529,411,437]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="14913 - 14917" refId="ref32411" refString="Rabeling C., Brown J. M. &amp; Verhaagh M. 2008. Newly discovered sister lineage sheds light on early ant evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences B 105: 14913 - 14917. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0806187105" type="journal article" year="2008">
Rabeling 
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8AB147FE31FE77FE281E81" box="[385,444,411,437]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
character 6 of the subfamilial diagnosis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FE55FC4A1EEC" blockId="34.[227,1436,305,648]" box="[227,990,446,472]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
7. Character 3 of Rabeling 
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8AB147FD80FE54FDFF1EEC" box="[560,619,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
’s (2008) subfamilial diagnosis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FE0AFB1A1ECF" blockId="34.[227,1436,305,648]" box="[227,1166,481,507]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
8. Worker trait is character 13 of Rabeling 
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8AB147FD59FE09FCB71ECF" box="[745,803,481,507]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
’s (2008) subfamilial diagnosis
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FDEFFC601D75" blockId="34.[227,1436,305,648]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
9. Part of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF8AB147FEC1FDEFFD151D2A" author="Rabeling C. &amp; Brown J. M. &amp; Verhaagh M." box="[369,641,516,542]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="14913 - 14917" refId="ref32411" refString="Rabeling C., Brown J. M. &amp; Verhaagh M. 2008. Newly discovered sister lineage sheds light on early ant evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences B 105: 14913 - 14917. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0806187105" type="journal article" year="2008">
Rabeling 
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8AB147FE57FDEEFDB31D2A" box="[487,551,516,542]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
character 14 of the subfamilial diagnosis; tergosternal fusion of abdominal segment III may be an apomorphy of the poneroids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FDA0FBC01D51" blockId="34.[227,1436,305,648]" box="[227,1108,587,613]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
10. Part of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF8AB147FED7FDA0FDFC1D51" author="Rabeling C. &amp; Brown J. M. &amp; Verhaagh M." box="[359,616,587,613]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="14913 - 14917" refId="ref32411" refString="Rabeling C., Brown J. M. &amp; Verhaagh M. 2008. Newly discovered sister lineage sheds light on early ant evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences B 105: 14913 - 14917. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0806187105" type="journal article" year="2008">
Rabeling 
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8AB147FE68FDA7FD871D51" box="[472,531,587,613]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
character 14 of the subfamilial diagnosis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FD85FC291DBC" blockId="34.[227,1436,305,648]" box="[227,957,622,648]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
11. Generic diagnosis character 8 from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF8AB147FD04FD85FC2D1DBC" author="Rabeling C. &amp; Brown J. M. &amp; Verhaagh M." box="[692,953,622,648]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="14913 - 14917" refId="ref32411" refString="Rabeling C., Brown J. M. &amp; Verhaagh M. 2008. Newly discovered sister lineage sheds light on early ant evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences B 105: 14913 - 14917. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0806187105" type="journal article" year="2008">
Rabeling 
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8AB147FC95FD84FCF41DBC" box="[805,864,622,648]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D6511FF8AB147FF53FD44FC041A37" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FD44FC1D1DFD" blockId="34.[227,905,687,714]" box="[227,905,687,714]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<heading id="D0D081F6FF8AB147FF53FD44FC1D1DFD" bold="true" box="[227,905,687,714]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8AB147FF53FD44FC1D1DFD" bold="true" box="[227,905,687,714]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Additions to worker diagnosis of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF8AB147FD31FD44FC1D1DFD" author="Rabeling C. &amp; Brown J. M. &amp; Verhaagh M." box="[641,905,687,714]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="14913 - 14917" refId="ref32411" refString="Rabeling C., Brown J. M. &amp; Verhaagh M. 2008. Newly discovered sister lineage sheds light on early ant evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences B 105: 14913 - 14917. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0806187105" type="journal article" year="2008">
Rabeling 
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8AB147FD49FD5BFCA01DFE" bold="true" box="[761,820,687,714]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FD35FD191C0A" blockId="34.[227,1436,734,831]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Note: Characters indicated here are segregated from the “Apomorphies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF8AB147FB8FFD35FB521DCC" box="[1087,1222,734,760]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Martialinae">Martialinae</taxonomicName>
…” section above as they are of diagnostic value but are either plesiomorphies or of uncertain polarity, i.e., it is unclear whether these traits are apomorphic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FC8DFDF01CB4" blockId="34.[227,1436,870,1284]" box="[227,612,870,896]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">1. Scape conspicuously curved.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FC62FBFC1C90" blockId="34.[227,1436,870,1284]" box="[227,1128,905,932]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">2. Meso- and metacoxae very closely situated (metapleuron foreshortened).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FC47FEA41CDD" blockId="34.[227,1436,870,1284]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">3. Metatibia with potentially glandular patch of discolored cuticle posterobasad ventroapical spur (note 1).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FC18FE401B38" blockId="34.[227,1436,870,1284]" box="[227,468,1010,1037]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">4. Aroliae reduced.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FBFDFC281B04" blockId="34.[227,1436,870,1284]" box="[227,956,1046,1073]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">5. Petiolar peduncle anteriorly delimited by parabolic carina.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FBD2FC5C1B67" blockId="34.[227,1436,870,1284]" box="[227,968,1081,1108]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">6. Subpetiolar process present as small anteroventral denticle.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FBB6FE291B42" blockId="34.[227,1436,870,1284]" box="[227,445,1116,1143]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">7. Helcium axial.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FB94FC961BAD" blockId="34.[227,1436,870,1284]" box="[227,770,1151,1178]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">8. AIII prora carinate, transverse, lip-shaped.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FB48FD181BD4" blockId="34.[227,1436,870,1284]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">9. Anterior and posterior margins of AIII postsclerites not parallel in profile view, posterior margin of posttergite produced posteriorly.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FB02FC041A37" blockId="34.[227,1436,870,1284]" box="[227,912,1257,1284]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">10. Abdominal segments 4, 5, 6, and 7 about equal length.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D6511FF8AB147FF53FAC0FECC1852" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FAC0FE8A1A71" blockId="34.[227,286,1323,1349]" box="[227,286,1323,1349]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<heading id="D0D081F6FF8AB147FF53FAC0FE8A1A71" bold="true" box="[227,286,1323,1349]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8AB147FF53FAC0FE8A1A71" bold="true" box="[227,286,1323,1349]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Note</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53FAB2FC731917" blockId="34.[227,1437,1369,1572]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
1. The potentially glandular patch of cuticle here identified is located on the apicoventral metatibial surface basad the tibial spur, in a similar position to the confirmed metatibial glands of other 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF8AB147FEA0FA74FE0E1A8D" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[272,410,1439,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
. The cuticular patch was visible when backlit through the cleared leg of the 
<typeStatus id="549C8838FF8AB147FA9EFA74FA0D1A8D" box="[1326,1433,1439,1465]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Unlike the remainder of the leg cuticle, this patch was clearly thick and opaque. Recorded as absent by Baroni-Urbani 
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8AB147FE58FA0CFDB71934" box="[488,547,1510,1536]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
(1992), not recorded by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF8AB147FCF9FA0DFBB91934" author="Billen J. &amp; Bauweleers E. &amp; Hashim R. &amp; Ito F." box="[841,1069,1510,1536]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="173 - 183" refId="ref29804" refString="Billen J., Bauweleers E., Hashim R. &amp; Ito F. 2013. Survey of the exocrine system of Protanilla wallacei (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Arthropod Structure &amp; Development 42: 173 - 183. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. asd. 2013.01.001" type="journal article" year="2013">
Billen 
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8AB147FC28FA0CFC401934" box="[920,980,1510,1536]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
. Future specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF8AB147FA9FFA0DFA081934" box="[1327,1436,1510,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Martialis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8AB147FA9FFA0DFA081934" box="[1327,1436,1510,1536]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Martialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
workers should be subjected to detailed SEM and TEM study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53F9A1FEFE1950" blockId="34.[227,362,1610,1636]" box="[227,362,1610,1636]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<heading id="D0D081F6FF8AB147FF53F9A1FEFE1950" bold="true" box="[227,362,1610,1636]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8AB147FF53F9A1FEFE1950" bold="true" box="[227,362,1610,1636]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53F992FECC1852" blockId="34.[227,1437,1657,1894]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
An attempt was made to discern the palpal count of the 
<typeStatus id="549C8838FF8AB147FC3FF992FC6219A7" box="[911,1014,1657,1683]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
worker, but the labrum is partially reflexed over the maxillolabial complex. It seems as if there are two maxillary palpomeres, but this could not be confirmed in any specimen orientation or lighting. The labial palps were not visible. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF8AB147FAA6F954FEC219C9" author="Rabeling C. &amp; Brown J. M. &amp; Verhaagh M." pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="14913 - 14917" refId="ref32411" refString="Rabeling C., Brown J. M. &amp; Verhaagh M. 2008. Newly discovered sister lineage sheds light on early ant evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences B 105: 14913 - 14917. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0806187105" type="journal article" year="2008">
Rabeling 
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8AB147FA37F92BFE9519C9" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
recorded the propodeal lobes as absent in the worker; after comparative study of the male and worker it is apparent that weakly developed carinae are present in the area associated with propodeal lobes. These carinae are not obvious in perfect profile view. Their homology with propodeal lobes is uncertain.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D6511FF8AB141FF53F865FE231E81" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53F865FE0A1893" blockId="34.[227,414,1933,1960]" box="[227,414,1933,1960]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<heading id="D0D081F6FF8AB147FF53F865FE0A1893" bold="true" box="[227,414,1933,1960]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8AB147FF53F865FE0A1893" bold="true" box="[227,414,1933,1960]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Male diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8AB147FF53F857FA0818CD" blockId="34.[227,1436,1980,2042]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Uniquely identified among the global fauna by the following character combination: mandibles linear, barely meeting at head midlength; clypeus reduced, with antennal toruli situated less than 1 antennal</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FEDAFCB91ECF" blockId="35.[227,1436,305,507]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
socket distance from anterior clypeal margin; notauli present; wing venation somewhat reduced, Ogata 
<typeStatus id="549C8838FF8BB146FF53FEBEFE821E5B" box="[227,278,341,367]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
IVa (five cells enclosed by tubular abscissae: costal, basal, subbasal, submarginal, and marginal cells closed); jugal lobe absent; petiolar tergum and sternum clearly fused; posterior petiolar foramen raised dorsad anterior foramen; helcium axial; abdominal segment III reduced relative to and differentiated from segment IV; abdominal segment IV with cinctus impressed yet indistinctly margined; pygostyles absent; and genitalia small, relatively unmodified.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FDC8FEC31D08" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,343,546,573]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">1. Alate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FDADFD0F1D54" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,667,582,608]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
2. Mandalus enlarged (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FDB0FDADFDC61D54" box="[512,594,582,608]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A–B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FD82FE211D92" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
3. Mandibles linear, lateral and medial margins weakly tapered to apex; barely meeting at head midline (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FEA9FD67FEFF1D92" box="[281,363,652,678]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A–B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FD44FE651DFD" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,497,687,713]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">4. Palpal formula 2,1.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FD39FA081C24" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
5. Clypeus reduced, greatest anteroposterior length about 1.5 times antennal socket diameter; antennal toruli separated from anterior clypeal margin by less than 1 antennal socket diameter (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FAB1FD1DFAC61C24" box="[1281,1362,758,784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A–B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FCF2FCE71C07" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,883,793,819]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
6. Anterior clypeal margin without pegs (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FD68FCF2FCBD1C07" box="[728,809,793,819]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A–B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FCD6FBCA1C62" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,1118,828,855]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
7. Anterior tentorial pits situated posteromediad antennal toruli (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FC57FCD7FBC51C62" box="[999,1105,828,854]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FCB4FCA21C4D" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,822,863,889]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
8. Frontal carinae and lobes absent (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FD2AFCB4FD781C4D" box="[666,748,863,889]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A–B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FC68FD4A1CA8" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,734,898,925]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">9. Antenna 13-merous; funiculus filiform.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FC4DFCD41CF4" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,832,934,960]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">10. Occipital carina reduced, not enclosing occiput.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FC22FAC01CD7" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,1364,969,995]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
11. Notauli present, meeting medially and extending posteriorly to transscutal line (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FB09FC22FA9D1CD7" box="[1209,1289,969,995]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
C–D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FC07FC9B1B33" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,783,1004,1031]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
12. Scutoscutellar sulcus not ribbed (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FD26FC07FD6A1B33" box="[662,766,1004,1031]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FBE4FDD81B79" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
13. Oblique mesopleural sulcus present, anterior terminus separated slightly ventrad posterolateral pronotal corner (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FE64FBD9FDAA1B79" box="[468,574,1074,1101]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FBBDFCDB1B44" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,847,1110,1136]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
14. Metapleural spiracular sclerite absent (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FD67FBBDFCD51B44" box="[727,833,1110,1136]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FB92FC071BA7" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,915,1145,1172]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
15. Propodeal lobes present, weakly developed (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FCACFB92FC111BA7" box="[796,901,1145,1171]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FB77FD2C1B82" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,696,1180,1206]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">16. Metacoxal cavities narrowly closed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FB54FDD01BED" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,580,1215,1242]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
17. Tibial spur formula 1p, 
<specimenCount id="9D21FD13FF8BB146FD90FB54FDD01BED" box="[544,580,1215,1241]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="generic">1p.</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FB08FDA61BC8" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,562,1250,1277]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">18. Pretarsal claws edentate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FAEDFCD21A14" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,838,1286,1312]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
19. Pterostigma indistinct, nearly absent (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FD7BFAEDFCAC1A14" box="[715,824,1286,1312]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[227,270,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[234,1428,302,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[234,1428,302,1882]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 12. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, wing photomicrographs and genitalia illustrations, genital membranes not shown. A. Forewing. B. Hindwing. C. Abdominal sternum IX, ventral view. D. Genital capsule, dorsal view. E. Genital capsule, ventral view. F. Genital capsule, lateral view. G. Volsella and paramere, mesal view. H. Penisvalva in situ, mesal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 mm, C–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: see Material and Methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780172/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FAC2FEF31ABE" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
20. Ogata forewing venation 
<typeStatus id="549C8838FF8BB146FD88FAC2FDFF1A77" box="[568,619,1321,1347]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
IVa (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FD19FAC2FC831A77" box="[681,791,1321,1347]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[227,270,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[234,1428,302,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[234,1428,302,1882]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 12. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, wing photomicrographs and genitalia illustrations, genital membranes not shown. A. Forewing. B. Hindwing. C. Abdominal sternum IX, ventral view. D. Genital capsule, dorsal view. E. Genital capsule, ventral view. F. Genital capsule, lateral view. G. Volsella and paramere, mesal view. H. Penisvalva in situ, mesal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 mm, C–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: see Material and Methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780172/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
): Submarginal cell 1+2 closed by Rs+M+Mf2–3; 2rs-m present, Mf4–6 absent; marginal cell 1 closed; 1m-cu absent, thus discal cell 1 open; subdiscal cell 1 open.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FA78FBBC1A98" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,1064,1426,1453]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
21. Hindwing venation reduced (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FDD6FA79FD461A99" box="[614,722,1426,1453]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[227,270,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[234,1428,302,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[234,1428,302,1882]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 12. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, wing photomicrographs and genitalia illustrations, genital membranes not shown. A. Forewing. B. Hindwing. C. Abdominal sternum IX, ventral view. D. Genital capsule, dorsal view. E. Genital capsule, ventral view. F. Genital capsule, lateral view. G. Volsella and paramere, mesal view. H. Penisvalva in situ, mesal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 mm, C–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: see Material and Methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780172/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
): Only R+Rs and 1A tubular.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FA5DFDF71AE4" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,611,1462,1488]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
22. Jugal lobe absent (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FE5AFA5DFDC21AE4" box="[490,598,1462,1488]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[227,270,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[234,1428,302,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[234,1428,302,1882]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 12. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, wing photomicrographs and genitalia illustrations, genital membranes not shown. A. Forewing. B. Hindwing. C. Abdominal sternum IX, ventral view. D. Genital capsule, dorsal view. E. Genital capsule, ventral view. F. Genital capsule, lateral view. G. Volsella and paramere, mesal view. H. Penisvalva in situ, mesal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 mm, C–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: see Material and Methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780172/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53FA32FD1B1922" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
23. Petiole nodiform, with indistinct posterior face; 
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8BB146FC87FA31FE371922" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">posterior foramen raised dorsally above longitudinal petiolar axis</emphasis>
(note 1) (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FDA7FA17FD151922" box="[535,641,1532,1558]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53F9F4FBB5190E" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,1057,1567,1594]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">24. Petiolar tergum with anterior parabolic carina (basipetiolar carina).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53F9A9FB8E1969" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,1050,1602,1629]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
25. Petiolar tergum and sternum fused; laterotergite absent (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FC13F9A9FB981969" box="[931,1036,1602,1629]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53F98DFB9F19B4" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,1035,1638,1664]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">26. Petiolar tergum not forming anteroventral collar around sternum.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53F962FD1B1997" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,655,1673,1699]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
27. Helcium axial, broad (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FDA7F962FD151997" box="[535,641,1673,1699]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53F947FC2419F2" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,944,1708,1734]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">28. Helcial sternite projecting ventrad lateral tergite margins.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53F924FA1919DD" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,1421,1743,1770]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
29. Abdominal segment III weakly reduced relative to and differentiated from segment IV (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FAA5F924FAEB19DD" box="[1301,1407,1743,1769]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53F918FBCF1839" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,1115,1778,1805]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
30. Prora of abdominal sternum III weak, transversely parabolic (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FC53F919FBD91839" box="[995,1101,1778,1805]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53F8FDFAF11804" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,1381,1814,1840]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
31. Abdominal tergum IV neither vaulted nor elongated relative to following segments (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FB5DF8FDFAC31804" box="[1261,1367,1814,1840]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53F8D2FB241867" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,1200,1849,1876]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
32. Abdominal spiracle 4 exposed, 5–8 concealed by preceding tergites (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FB88F8D2FB361867" box="[1080,1186,1849,1875]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53F8B7FA081842" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,1436,1884,1911]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
33. Abdominal sternum IX acutely triangular, apex nearly pointed; neither pronged nor toothed (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FA97F8B7FA1B1842" box="[1319,1423,1884,1910]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[227,270,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[234,1428,302,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[234,1428,302,1882]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 12. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, wing photomicrographs and genitalia illustrations, genital membranes not shown. A. Forewing. B. Hindwing. C. Abdominal sternum IX, ventral view. D. Genital capsule, dorsal view. E. Genital capsule, ventral view. F. Genital capsule, lateral view. G. Volsella and paramere, mesal view. H. Penisvalva in situ, mesal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 mm, C–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: see Material and Methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780172/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53F894FE7D18AD" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,489,1919,1945]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">34. Pygostyles absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53F849FCB01889" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,804,1954,1981]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
35. Genitalia small, partially exserted (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FD1CF849FC821889" box="[684,790,1954,1981]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[270,1395,304,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[270,1395,302,1931]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 11. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, photomicrographs. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, anteroventral oblique view. C. Body, lateral view. D. Body, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780170/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53F82DFC7E18D4" blockId="35.[227,1437,546,2016]" box="[227,1002,1990,2016]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
36. Cupula anteroposteriorly narrow along all faces (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FCE0F82DFC3018D4" box="[848,932,1990,2016]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[227,270,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[234,1428,302,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[234,1428,302,1882]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 12. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, wing photomicrographs and genitalia illustrations, genital membranes not shown. A. Forewing. B. Hindwing. C. Abdominal sternum IX, ventral view. D. Genital capsule, dorsal view. E. Genital capsule, ventral view. F. Genital capsule, lateral view. G. Volsella and paramere, mesal view. H. Penisvalva in situ, mesal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 mm, C–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: see Material and Methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780172/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
D–F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8BB146FF53F802FCCB1737" blockId="35.[227,863,2025,2051]" box="[227,863,2025,2051]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
37. Basimere continuous with telomere (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8BB146FD71F802FC801737" box="[705,788,2025,2051]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[227,270,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[234,1428,302,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[234,1428,302,1882]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 12. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, wing photomicrographs and genitalia illustrations, genital membranes not shown. A. Forewing. B. Hindwing. C. Abdominal sternum IX, ventral view. D. Genital capsule, dorsal view. E. Genital capsule, ventral view. F. Genital capsule, lateral view. G. Volsella and paramere, mesal view. H. Penisvalva in situ, mesal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 mm, C–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: see Material and Methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780172/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
D–H).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8CB141FF53FEDAFB381E7F" blockId="36.[227,1437,305,437]" box="[227,1196,305,331]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
38. Telomere short, digitate, extending anteroventrad beneath basimere (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8CB141FB86FEDAFB0B1E7F" box="[1078,1183,305,331]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[227,270,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[234,1428,302,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[234,1428,302,1882]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 12. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, wing photomicrographs and genitalia illustrations, genital membranes not shown. A. Forewing. B. Hindwing. C. Abdominal sternum IX, ventral view. D. Genital capsule, dorsal view. E. Genital capsule, ventral view. F. Genital capsule, lateral view. G. Volsella and paramere, mesal view. H. Penisvalva in situ, mesal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 mm, C–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: see Material and Methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780172/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8CB141FF53FEBFFDAE1E5A" blockId="36.[227,1437,305,437]" box="[227,570,340,366]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
39. Cuspis absent (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8CB141FE72FEBFFDB91E5A" box="[450,557,340,366]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[227,270,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[234,1428,302,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[234,1428,302,1882]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 12. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, wing photomicrographs and genitalia illustrations, genital membranes not shown. A. Forewing. B. Hindwing. C. Abdominal sternum IX, ventral view. D. Genital capsule, dorsal view. E. Genital capsule, ventral view. F. Genital capsule, lateral view. G. Volsella and paramere, mesal view. H. Penisvalva in situ, mesal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 mm, C–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: see Material and Methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780172/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 12E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8CB141FF53FE93FE231E81" blockId="36.[227,1437,305,437]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
40. Valviceps dorsomedially fused, lobate, longer than tall, apex downturned, two sides forming tube (
<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF8CB141FEA9FE70FE3E1E81" box="[281,426,411,437]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[227,270,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[234,1428,302,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[234,1428,302,1882]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 12. Martialis heureka Rabeling &amp; Verhaagh, 2008, male, wing photomicrographs and genitalia illustrations, genital membranes not shown. A. Forewing. B. Hindwing. C. Abdominal sternum IX, ventral view. D. Genital capsule, dorsal view. E. Genital capsule, ventral view. F. Genital capsule, lateral view. G. Volsella and paramere, mesal view. H. Penisvalva in situ, mesal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 mm, C–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: see Material and Methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780172/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 12D, H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D6511FF8CB141FF53FE37FDB61D7D" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8CB141FF53FE37FE8A1EC2" blockId="36.[227,286,476,502]" box="[227,286,476,502]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<heading id="D0D081F6FF8CB141FF53FE37FE8A1EC2" bold="true" box="[227,286,476,502]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8CB141FF53FE37FE8A1EC2" bold="true" box="[227,286,476,502]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Note</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98369AFF8CB141FF53FDE0FDB61D7D" blockId="36.[227,1436,523,585]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
1. The posterior petiolar foramen is convergently raised above the anterior petiolar foramen in 
<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF8CB141FA83FDE0FD8A1D7D" authority="(Agroecomyrmecinae)" authorityName="Brown &amp; Kempf" authorityYear="1968" baseAuthorityName="Agroecomyrmecinae" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tatuidris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA88FF8CB141FA83FDE0FA081D11" box="[1331,1436,523,549]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Tatuidris</emphasis>
(Agroecomyrmecinae)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>